Publications

phage multiplication on two hosts. isolation and activity of variants of staphylococcus phage p1.		1952	14949003
[behavior of the temperate phage p1 on its host, staphylococcus s2].		1953	13167489
studies on lysogenesis. ii. the effect of temperature on the lysogenization of shigella dysenteriae with phage p1.		1954	13129214
transduction of linked genetic characters of the host by bacteriophage p1.		1955	13267987
effect of chloramphenicol on lysogenization by temperate phage p1.		1957	13456369
transduction by bacteriophage p1: abnormal phage function of the transducing particles.		1958	16590247
the effects of ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation on the transduction of escherichia coli by phage p1.		1960	13845040
the specific gravity of transducing particles of bacteriophage p1.		1962	13921337
mapping of the galactose genes of escherichia coli by transduction with phage p1.		1963	14011089
the control of host-induced modification by phage p1.		1964	14187915
macromolecular syntheses in the initiation of bacteriophage p1 induction.		1964	14202270
drug resistance of enteric bacteria. iv. active transducing bacteriophage p1 cm produced by the combination of r factor with bacteriophage p1.	kondo, eiko (gunma university, maebashi, japan), and susumu mitsuhashi. drug resistance of enteric bacteria. iv. active transducing phage p1 cm produced by the combination of r factor with phage p1. j. bacteriol. 88:1266-1276. 1964.-during an investigation of the transduction of r factors with phage p1, a phage lysate capable of transducing the character of chloramphenicol resistance (cm(r)) in extremely high frequency was obtained. the transduction of the cm(r) character with the lysate was con ...	1964	14234780
transducing fragments in generalized transduction by phage p1. ii. association of dna and protein in the fragments.		1965	5883908
transducing fragments in generalized transduction by phage p1. 3. studies with small phage particles.		1965	5883909
transducing fragments in generalized transduction by phage p1. i. molecular origin of the fragments.		1965	5883923
phage p1 modification of bacterial dna studied by generalized transduction.		1966	5331504
interaction of colicins with bacterial cells. 3. colicin-tolerant mutations in escherichia coli.	mutants that adsorb certain colicins without being killed, i.e., tolerant mutants (tol), were isolated from escherichia coli k-12 strains. selection was done either with colicin k or e2. several groups of mutants showing different phenotypes were found, and some of them showed tolerance to both k and e colicins, which have different receptors. many of these mutants mapped near gal. typical mutants from group ii, iii, and iv were studied in more detail. the mutant loci were contransducible with g ...	1967	4860908
ultraviolet sensitivity gene of escherichia coli b.	the ultraviolet sensitivity gene of escherichia coli b was introduced into a k-12 recipient by transduction with phage p1. the uvs gene of e. coli b is cotransducible with the proc locus of k-12, is closely linked to tsx, is not linked to lacz, and only rarely to pure. the transductants are mucoid, filamentous on irradiation, and show plating-medium response. the order of markers is lacz proc tsx uvs pure.	1968	4870274
partial reactivation of irradiated phage p1 by strain bs2 of escherichia coli.		1968	4880558
genetic studies on bacteriophage p1.		1968	4881411
transduction of various r factors by phage p1 in escherichia coli and by phage p22 in salmonella typhimurium.	r factors fi(+) and fi(-), with various combinations of drug-resistance markers and isolated from independent sources, were transduced by phage p1kc in escherichia coli and by phage p22 in salmonella typhimurium. usually the entire r factor was transduced by p1kc in e. coli, as indicated by the absence of segregation of the drug-resistance markers from their conjugal transferability. in contrast, the patterns of segregation of the drug-resistance markers and their conjugal transferability differ ...	1968	4882025
multiplication of bacteriophage p1 mutants in shigella dysenteriae strain sh(p1).	from bacteriophage p1, 10 mutants (p1cl) were isolated which are impaired in their ability to lysogenize shigella dysenteriae sh and which fail to make plaques when plated on sh(p1). when sh(p1) is infected with p1cl, a considerable proportion of the infected cells is converted into infectious centers, which eventually release p1cl but not p1. this phage release occurs over a period of several hours, during which a manyfold multiplication of infectious centers takes place. in the course of this ...	1968	4913986
infection by bacteriophage p1 and development of host-controlled restriction and modification and of lysogenic immunity.	shigella dysenteriae cells were infected with phage p1 or p1cl. the outcome of superinfection of these cells with phage t1.sh or t1.sh(p1) or p1cl was studied as a function of time after the initial infection. cells undergoing either a lytic response or a lysogenic response to the primary infection develop the ability to specifically restrict t1.sh between 30 and 45 min. between 15 and 30 min, the cells seem to develop the ability to produce t1.sh(p1) after infection by t1.sh. however, reasons a ...	1969	4890618
mutation in gal u gene of e. coli blocks phage p1 infection.		1969	4891220
temperature-sensitive repression of the tryptophan operon in escherichia coli.	mutants of escherichia coli exhibiting temperature-sensitive repression of the tryptophan operon have been isolated among the revertants of a tryptophan auxotroph, trps5, that produces an altered tryptophanyl transfer ribonucleic acid (trna) synthetase. unlike the parental strain, these mutants grew in the absence of tryptophan at high but not at low temperature. when grown at 43.5 c with excess tryptophan (repression conditions), they produced 10 times more anthranilate synthetase than when gro ...	1969	4895848
clear plaque mutants of phage p1.		1970	5444276
transduction of r factors with phage p1 from recombination-deficient escherichia coli.		1970	4097418
isolation and characterization of a glucosamine-requiring mutant of escherichia coli k-12 defective in glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase.	a mutant was isolated from escherichia coli k-12 which requires glucosamine or n-acetylglucosamine for growth. depriving the mutant of glucosamine resulted in a rapid loss of viability of the cells, followed by a decrease in the turbidity of the culture. when the mutant cells were resuspended in broth media containing 10% sucrose, the rod-shaped cells became spheroplasts. however, the presence of sucrose in the media did not prevent the cells from losing their viability. this mutant was shown to ...	1971	5541523
isolation and characterization of a new generalized transducing bacteriophage different from p1 in escherichia coli.	a new generalized transducing bacteriophage in the escherichia coli system was isolated and characterized. this phage, designated d108, makes clear plaques on e. coli k-10, k-12, k-12(p1kc), k-12(d6), b/r, c, and 15 t(-), and shigella dysenteriae. the plaque of phage d108 is larger in size than that of phage p1kc. electron-microscopic observation revealed that phages d108 and p1kc are morphologically different from each other, suggesting that phage d108 belongs to a phage group different from ph ...	1971	5543429
cotransduction of stra and ribosomal protein cistrons in escherichia coli-salmonella typhimurium hybrids.	genetic mapping of ribosomal protein cistrons of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli was performed by phage p1 mediated, generalized transduction. from an e. coli hybrid strain which carried a s. typhimuirum f' factor, an e. coli strain was constructed which had integrated s. typhimurium genetic material including the region of the stra locus. salmonella genetic material from this hybrid was transduced into e. coli recipients. the ribosomal protein electrophoretic patterns of these hybri ...	1971	4929285
new suppresor in escherichia coli.	during the genetic mapping of a mutation in the phes gene which confers temperature sensitivity on a strain of escherichia coli k-12, an extragenic suppressor was discovered which restores ability to grow at the restrictive temperature. the suppressor, which has been named supq, is cotransduced by bacteriophage p1 with the pure marker. supq does not suppress a number of amber or ochre mutations. supq(-) is carried by the prototrophic hfr hayes strain ab259, and the presence of the supq(-) allele ...	1971	4937784
transduction of the nitrogen-fixation genes in klebsiella pneumoniae.	the bacteriophage p1 infects and functions as a generalized transducing phage for nitrogen-fixing strains of the coliform bacterium klebsiella pneumoniae. bacterial mutants (nif(-)) unable to grow on molecular nitrogen as a nitrogen source were found to be deficient in nitrogenase activity as assayed by the conversion of acetylene to ethylene. these mutants regained normal nitrogenase activity and the ability to grow on n(2) after transduction with lysates of p1 phage prepared from wild-type bac ...	1971	5288365
a chromosomal locus which controls the ability of shigella flexneri to evoke keratoconjunctivitis.	the primary step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery is the penetration of intestinal epithelial cells by shigellae. lacking this capacity, shigella flexneri becomes avirulent. by means of intergeneric conjugation between various escherichia coli k-12 hfr strains and s. flexneri 2a virulent recipients and by reciprocal transduction analysis with phage p1 vir, we established a locus on the genome of s. flexneri 2a which is necessary for the ability of this strain to penetrate epithelial ce ...	1971	16557949
the deoxyribonucleic acid modification enzyme of bacteriophage p1.	the bacteriophage p1 modification enzyme, assayed by the specific methylation of unmodified bacteriophage 82 dna, has been purified 500-fold from a bacteriophage p1 lysogen of escherichia coli. the enzyme catalyses the incorporation of approximately 20-24 methyl groups per bacteriophage 82 dna molecule. the sole product of methylation is 6-methylaminopurine. methylation of unmodified bacteriophage dna confers protection against a challenge by purified bacteriophage p1 restriction enzyme. the ph ...	1972	5073742
a new gene controlling lysogeny in phage p1.		1972	4552789
lysogenic conversion of pasteurella by escherichia coli bacteriophage p1 cm.	bacteriophage p1 cm can convert pasteurella pestis or p. pseudotuberculosis to chloramphenicol resistance and phage restriction, but no viable phage was induced from converted pasteurella strains.	1972	4553681
formation, induction, and curing of bacteriophage p1 lysogens.		1972	4555608
the addition of lac+ chromosome fragments to the e. coli proa-prob-lac deletion 13 chromosome.	escherichia coli with the proa-prob-lac deletion x111 (delta111) can be transduced with bacteriophage p1 propagated on a wild-type lac(+) donor. though the donor lac(+) genes cannot be integrated by replacement of the recipient delta111 marker, the transduction process has the characteristics generally associated with generalized transduction of bacterial genes. transduction does not require p1 helper infection, is stimulated by uv irradiation of transducing particles, and does require homology ...	1972	4556177
expression of the escherichia coli k, b and phage p1 dna host specificities in salmonella typhimurium.		1972	4557386
factors affecting virulence of shigella flexneri: defective methionine synthesis in an escherichia coli-shigella hybrid.	an escherichia coli-shigella flexneri hybrid of intermediate virulence was studied to determine whether its shorter survival in host cells might be due to a metabolic defect. investigation of its growth in minimal glucose medium showed that the hybrid, like its e. coli parent, had a longer lag phase and a slower growth rate than its virulent shigella parent. methionine was found to increase the growth rate of the hybrid. the shigella parent of the hybrid can synthesize methionine normally, but t ...	1972	4562393
methylation of bacteriophage p1 dna.		1972	4563041
isolation and properties of fumarate reductase mutants of escherichia coli.	escherichia coli produces two enzymes which interconvert succinate and fumarate: succinate dehydrogenase, which is adapted to an oxidative role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fumarate reductase, which catalyzes the reductive reaction more effectively and allows fumarate to function as an electron acceptor in anaerobic growth. a glycerol plus fumarate medium was devised for the selection of mutants (frd) lacking a functional fumarate reductase by virtue of their inability to use fumarate as ...	1973	4574693
bacteriophage p1 derivatives with bacterial genes: a heterozygote enrichment method for the selection of p1dpro lysogens.		1973	4576347
transport systems for alanine, serine, and glycine in escherichia coli k-12.	at least two transport systems serve for the entry of alanine, glycine, and serine into escherichia coli. one of these systems serves mainly for glycine, d-alanine, and d-serine and to some extent for l-alanine, whereas the second serves for l-alanine and perhaps l-serine. these two transport systems have been characterized by kinetic studies and by inhibition analysis. reciprocal plots for l-alanine entry are distinctly biphasic, giving rise to k(m) values of about 2 and 27 mum. the major route ...	1973	4583203
the deoxyribonucleic acid-modification enzyme of bacteriophage p1. subunit structure.	the bacteriophage p1 modification enzyme was purified 1400-fold from induced lysogens of a thermoinducible mutant of bacteriophage p1. the most purified fraction, when analysed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate, showed two principal stained bands. the two bands co-sedimented in a glycerol gradient with the modification activity, at a rate which, when compared with the rate of sedimentation of marker proteins, corresponds to a sedimentation coefficient in water of 6 ...	1973	4584025
modification-deficient mutants of bacteriophage p1. i. restriction by p1 cryptic lysogens.		1973	4610987
recombination of phage p1 in recombination deficient hosts.		1973	4712391
a turbid plaque-forming mutant of phage p1 that cannot lysogenize escherichia coli.		1974	4610991
the bacteriophage p1 restriction endonuclease.		1974	4615158
recipient gene duplication during generalized transduction.	an hfr13 delta(proa-lac) deletion recipient, -delta(proa-lac)-f-pure(+)-, has been utilized in a study of the origins of duplications formed during chromosome fragment integration. among the pro(-)lac(+) transductants, some have duplications spanning the f locus. these transductants are, or segregate, strains with f' episomes carrying genes of the duplication. some of the duplications include pure(+), a gene which is not coinherited with lac(+) during bacteriophage p1-mediated transduction. thus ...	1974	4615976
nucleotide sequences at the sites of action of the deoxyribonucleic acid modification enzyme of bacteriophage p1.		1974	4453003
evolution of l-1, 2-propanediol catabolism in escherichia coli by recruitment of enzymes for l-fucose and l-lactate metabolism.	a mutant strain of escherichia coli capable of growth on l-1,2-propanediol was isolated previously. the mutant is characterized by constitutive production of a propanediol:nicotinamide adenenine dinucleotide (nad) oxidoreductase which is essential for the new growth property. in the present study, it is shown that phage p1 cotransduces the genetic locus conferring this property and the genes for the utilization of l-fucose. a further indication of a relationship between these two growth properti ...	1974	4595205
transfection of escherichia coli by bacteriophage p1 dna.		1974	4595551
phage p1 mutants with altered transducing abilities for escherichia coli.		1974	4598709
genetic mapping of the locus for detergent-resistant phospholipase a(plda) in escherichia coli k-12.	an escherichia coli k-12 mutant deficient for detergent-resistant (dr) phospholipase a, a principal enzyme catalyzing the first step in phospholipid degradation, was characterized genetically. the mutation was found to affect the locus plda (phospholipid degradation), which is cotransducible both with ilv and mete at a frequencies of 13 and 78%, respectively, and shown to lie between the ilv and mete loci on the e. coli chromosome. dr phospholipase a(1) and a(2) activities were simultaneously tr ...	1974	4604508
mapping of a mutation, polb100, affecting deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase ii in escherichia coli k-12.	direct assay for deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase ii in extracts has been used to screen recombinants for the polb allele in hfr x f(-) crosses, f-ductants in episome transfer, and transductants in generalized transduction by phage p1. the polb gene is located at 2 min on the escherichia coli linkage map; it is 39 to 64% co-transducible with leu. a mutant, e. coli pola1 polb100 polc (ts), deficient in deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases i and ii and having a thermolabile deoxyribonucleic acid poly ...	1974	4604726
replication of deoxyribonucleic acid in escherichia coli c mutants temperature sensitive in the initiation of chromosome replication.	an escherichia coli hf4704s mutant temperature sensitive in deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis and different from any previously characterized mutant was isolated. the mutated gene in this strain was designated dnah. the mutant could grow normally at 27 c but not at 43 c, and dna synthesis continued for an hour at a decreasing rate and then ceased. after temperature shift-up, the increased amount of dna was 40 to 50%. when the culture was incubated at 43 c for 70 min and then transferred to 2 ...	1974	4605049
epstein-barr virus latency and bacteriophage p1 lysogeny-possible analogies.		1975	183687
genetic control of glutamine synthetase in klebiella aerogenes.	mutations at two sites, glna and glnb, of the klebsiella aerogenes chromosome result in the loss of glutamine synthetase. the locations of these sites on the chromosome were established by complementation by episomes of escherichia coli and by determination of their linkage to other genetic sites by transduction with phage p1. the glnb gene is located at a position corresponding to 48 min on the taylor map of the e. coli chromosome; it is linked to trya, nadb, and gua. the glna gene is at a posi ...	1975	234939
[mechanism of lysogeny by bacteriophage p1].		1975	1240268
acquisition of a determinant for chloramphenicol resistance by coliphage lambda.	a determinanat for chloramphenicol resistance, cam, initially detected on a resistance transfer factor (rtf) and since transferred to phage p1, may be acquired from p1 by coliphage lambda. lambdapcam are obtained when a lambda prophage is induced in bacteria which also harbor p1 cam prophage. lambdacam formation is not dependent upon host rec or lambda red recombination functions. electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis shows that the cam locus in two lambdapcams is a 5% addition of dna in th ...	1975	1061090
integration of r plasmid rts1 to the gal region of the escherichia coli chromosome.	an r plasmid rts1 was integrated into the gal region of the chromosome of escherichia coli xa-7012 (gale) strain by the directed transposition technique. the integration of the rts1 genome was confirmed mainly by conjugation studies and also by transduction experiments using phage p1. as a result, it was found that the integrated genome contained genes responsible for kanamycin resistance, conjugal transferability, and for autonomous replication. as reported previously, rts1 is temperature sensi ...	1975	1090604
dnab gene of escherichia coli k-12 affects superinfection inhibition between f' plasmids.	f' escherichia coli k-12 strains bearing the chromosomal mutation dnab43 offer significantly less resistance to the conjugational introduction of a second f' plasmid than do nonmutant strains. both the entry exclusion and incompatibility components of superinfection inhibition are altered. this action of dnab43 occurs regardless of the presence of a reca-minus mutation in matings in liquid cultures and on membrane filters and is not limited to a particular set of f' plasmids. these effects are c ...	1975	1095547
regulation of the escherichia coli methylgalactoside transport system by gene mgld.	constitutive activity of the methylgalactoside transport system of escherichia coli k-12 is shown to result from mutation of a genetic locus distinct from the two previously described regulatory loci for this permease. employing an autoradiographic procedure whereby constitutive and inducible cells can be differentiated, it is demonstrated that this locus, termed mgld, is 20% cotransducible with ptsf by bacteriophage p1. selection for constitutive mutants among an inducible population yielded ce ...	1975	1095564
superinfection immunity and prophage repression in phage p1.		1975	1096454
chromosomal location of mutations affecting the regualtion of biotin synthesis in escherichia coli.	the chromosomal locations of biotin regulatory mutations, bira, bior, and dhbb, of escherichia coli are determined by transduction using phage p1. all mutant genes are mapped between bfe and supm.	1975	1097077
a dnab analog specified by bacteriophage p1.		1975	1100840
superinfection immunity and prophage repression in phage p1. ii. mapping of the immunity-difference and ampicillin-resistance loci of p1 and phi amp.		1975	1103441
genes affecting coliphage bf23 and e colicin sensitivity in salmonella typhimurium.	rough strains of salmonella typhimurium were sensitive to coliphage bf23. spontaneous mutants resistant to bf23 (bfe) were isolated, and the trait was mapped using phage p1. the bfe gene in s. typhimurium was located between argf (66% co-transducible) and rif (61% co-transducible). the bf23-sensitive s. typhimurium strains were not sensitive to the e colicins. cells of these rough strains absorbed colicin, as measured by loss of e2 or e3 killing units from colicin solutions and by specific adsor ...	1975	1104583
transduction by phage p1cm clr-100 in salmonella typhimurium.	phage p1 does not adsorb to s. typhinurium wild type cells. it does adsorb to rough derivatives including strains with mutations in the gale gene. phage strain p1cm clr-100 can be efficiently propagated in s. typhimurium derivatives, either by induction of a lysogene, or by lytic infection. phage p1 lysates are able to mobilize genetic markers in a generalized fashion. the transduction system is essentially identical to that in escherichia coli, except that cacl2 is not required for efficient ad ...	1975	1105147
[genetic map and structure in "escherichia coli" k12 of a resistance plasmid isolated from "salmonella ordonez" (author's transl)].	a resistance plasmid called r ip173 has been transferred into e. coli k12 from a multiresistant strain of s. ordonez isolated during an epidemic in dakar. this plasmid mediates for colicine ib production and resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulfonamides. it is transducible "en bloc" by the phage p1-kc between strains of e. coli k12. compatibility studies have shown that r ip173 belongs to the fi- class, i1 group. it is transferre ...	1975	1106293
hyperproduction of the sigma subunit of rna polymerase in a mutant of escherichia coli.	a mutant of escherichia coli k12 is described in which sigma and alpha subunits of the dna-dependent rna polymerase (ec 2.7.7.6) are produced at the rates much higher than in the normal strain. the rate of synthesis for sigma subunit was found to be at least 10-times higher, though the rapid degradation of sigma polypeptides accompanied with the accelerated synthesis precludes accurate estimation of the extent of hyperproduction. the alpha subunit synthesis was about 5-times higher in this mutan ...	1975	1107814
localized mutagenesis of the aroe-stra section of the escherichia coli chromosome coding for ribosomal proteins.	in order to obtain e. coli strains altered in ribosomal proteins the following isolation technique was used: phage p1 grown in a streptomycin resistant e. coli strain, was mutagenized by hydroxylamine or nitrous acid, and was used to transduce into a strain auxotrophic for aroe. transductants with streptomycin resistance and aroe prototrophy were selected and tested for their growth at various temperatures (20 degrees, 30 degrees and 42 degrees) and their response to different antibiotics. ribos ...	1975	1107816
gene transfer to myxobacterium by escherichia coli phage p1.	myxococcus xanthus is a bacterium with an interest for studies of development because it has an organized multicellular phase in its life cycle. bacteriophage pl can adsorb to m. xanthus and inject its dna into this organism despite the wide taxonomic gap separating myxococcus from escherichia coli, the source of pl. a specialized transducing derivative of pl, called plcm, can carry a gene for chloramphenicol resistance from e. coli into m. xanthus and generate unstable drug-resistant strains.	1975	803710
conditions critical for optimal visualization of bacteriophage adsorbed to bacterial surfaces by scanning electron microscopy.	the potential of scanning electron microscopy as a tool for the detection of viruses on cell surfaces has been studied using bacteriophage p1 adsorbed to shigella dysenteriae as a model system. viral particles were readily detectable by scanning electron microscopy on the surface of infected cells which were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by postfixation in oso4 and prepared by critical point drying. the virus-studded surface of the infected cells differed markedly from the relatively smooth ...	1975	806704
plaque-forming transducing bacteriophage p1 derivatives and their behaviour in lysogenic conditions.		1976	1108412
phage p1 carrying kanamycin resistance gene of r factor.		1976	769309
periplasmic protein related to the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport system of escherichia coli.	two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of shock fluids of escherichia coli k-12 revealed the presence of a periplasmic protein related to sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport (glpt) that is under the regulation of glpr, the regulatory gene of the glp regulon. mutants selected for their resistance to phosphonomycin and found to be defective in sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport either did not produce glpt or produced it in reduced amounts. other mutations exhibited no apparent effect of glpt. transducti ...	1976	770459
effects of the phage p1 restriction system on coliphage phi w: degradation and complex formation of phage phi w dna.	growth of phages phi w and t7 was restricted in escherichia coli lysogenic for phage p1. only a fraction of the infected cells gave burst of phages. cells permitting phage growth gave normal burst size. host strains carrying p1 mutants with defective endonuclease gave no restriction of phages t7 and phi 3, the latter a host-range mutant of phi w. degradation but not modification of parental phage dna could be demonstrated. although no dna, rna or protein was synthesized in phi w infected p1 lyso ...	1976	772170
novel genotypes among transductants made with bacteriophage p1 lysates from an f14 merogenote strain of escherichia coli k-12.	among p1 transductants in escherichia coli k-12 that were selected for the proximal and distal markers from the large f14 merogenote, a variety of unusual genotypes were found. as earlier workers had found, one class of these could transfer the proximal genes (argh, metb) and distal genes (ilvedac) of the f14 during conjugation. these f14 genes could be transferred into reca recipients, indicating that they were carried on an f-merogenote rather than on an hfr chromosome. the transduced f-meroge ...	1976	776932
genetic mapping of xtha, the structural gene for exonuclease iii in escherichia coli k-12.	the genes xtha, pnca, and pabb were ordered relative to others by two- and three-factor transductional crosses with bacteriophage p1. the genes studied span 2 min (2%) of the genetic map of escherichia coli k-12 in the clockwise sequence phes-pfkb-xtha-pnca-gap-pabb-fadd. eleven independently derived xth mutations were examined; all were known to affect exonuclease iii and its associated endonuclease ii activity, and all were mapped in the xtha region. pnca mutations were found to confer resista ...	1976	780339
ultrastructural localization of viral antigens using the unlabeled antibody-enzyme method.	employing the unlabeled antibody enzyme method at the ultrastructural level, a comparison was made between preembedding staining and postembedding staining for the detection of viral antigens. the bacteriophage p1 absorbed to the surface of shigella dysenteriae was used as a model system. preembedding staining resulted in the specific deposition of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) complexes as an electron-dense coating around the viral heads. disadvantages of the preembedding staining method incl ...	1976	57192
sh. dysenteriae serotypes2,4,8-immunochemistry and phage receptor activity.	among three analyzed serotypes of shigella dysenteriae, namely, the serotypes 2,4 and 8, the serotype 2 proved to be a strong immunogen in rabbits, inducing anti-polysaccharide antibodies as well as antiprotein antibodies in all the animals. in contrast, the serotypes 4 and 8 were weak immunogens and among the rabbits some have synthesized only anti-proteins while others had antibodies against the somatic conjugate. aside from the somatic antigens, large amounts of proteins were isolated from al ...	1976	63197
transduction of chromosomal genes between enteric bacteria by bacteriophage p1.	we have used p1 transduction to create intergeneric hybrid strains of enteric bacteria by moving the gena and hut genes between klebsiella aerogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. the use of e. coli as the recipient in such transductions permits the construction of episomes and specialized transducing phage containing non-e. coli material. the effect of host restriction modification and deoxyribonucleic acid homology on the frequency of intergeneric transduction of these loci has ...	1976	3494
sucrose-dependent spectinomycin-resistant mutants of escherichia coli.	spectinomycin-resistant (spcr) mutants of escherichia coli were isolated from nutrient agar plates containing 20% sucrose and 100 mug of spectinomycin per ml. about one-third of the spcr mutants thus obtained were sucrose dependent (sucd) and were classified into two types: i, those unable to grow on sucrose-free medium in the presence of spectinomycin; and ii, those unable to grow on sucrose-free medium irrespective of the presence of spectinomycin. most of these mutants were hypersensitive to ...	1976	128550
lack of a regulatory function for glutamine synthetase protein in the synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase and nitrite reductase in escherichia coli k12.	synthesis of glutamine synthetase (gs) in anaerobic batch cultures of escherichia coli was repressed when excess nh4+ was available, but derepressed during growth with a poor nitrogen source. in wild-type bacteria there was only a weak inverse correlation between the activities of gs and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) during growth in various media. no positive correlations were found between the activities of gs and nitrite reductase, or between gs and cytochrome c552: both of these proteins wer ...	1977	16079
menaquinone biosynthesis: mutants of escherichia coli k-12 requiring 2-succinylbenzoate.	two independent mutants of escherichia coli k-12, selected for their inability to grow anaerobically with fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor, were shown to be deficient in menaquinone biosynthesis. in both cases, exogenously supplied 2-succinylbenzoate promoted normal anaerobic growth on a lactate plus fumarate medium. anaerobic growth of the mutants on glucose minimal medium was impaired but could be restored to normal by adding either uracil or 2-succinylbenzoate. the addition of 2-suc ...	1977	324971
fine-structure mapping and complementation analysis of the escherichia coli cysb gene.	sixty-two point mutations were isolated in escherichia coli by means of transduction with mutagenized phage p1. twenty-two deletions extending into cysb but able to recombine with at least some of the point mutations were isolated on a transmissible e. coli plasmid. mapping of the point mutations against the deletions divided the former into 16 deletion groups. nine merodiploids were constructed in which the chromosome carried one of the three point mutations most distal to the trp operon and in ...	1977	326769
growth of bacteriophage p1 in recombination-deficient hosts of escherichia coli.		1977	329556
effects of mutations in the immunity system of bacteriophage p1.	a mutant of bacteriophage p1 that made an altered c1 repressor is described. the mutant c1 product had two configurations: in lysogens, at high temperatures, it permitted constitutive expression of the normally repressed dna replication function ban and was insensitive to the action of ant, a product expressed by the virulent mutant p1virs and by the heteroimmune phage p7 (formerly phiamp+) and normally able to overcome c1 repression; in mutant lysogens at low temperatures, the mutant repressor ...	1977	330875
maintenance of bacteriophage p1 plasmid.	three mutants of bacteriophage p1 affected in their ability to maintain the lysogenic state stably are described here. these mutants were normal in lytic growth, but lysogenic derivatives segregated nonlysogens at abnormally high rates (1 to 30% per division). cells harboring these mutant prophages were elongated or filamentous. the mutations responsible for this prophage instability fell into two classes on the bases of their genetic location, their effect on the ability to lysogenize reca bact ...	1977	330876
recombinant plasmid that carries part of the nitrogen fixation (nif) gene cluster of klebsiella pneumoniae.	we have cloned fragments of the klebsiella pneumoniae genome that carry part of the his operon and part of the nitrogen fixation (nif) gene cluster on the amplifiable plasmid pmb9. one particular plasmid, pcra37, complements mutations in the hisd, nifb, and niff loci. the physical map of pcra37 as determined by restriction enzyme analysis correlates with the genetic map of the his-nif region as determined previously by phage p1-mediated cotransductional analysis.	1977	331321
naturally occurring plasmid carrying genes for enterotoxin production and drug resistance.	escherichia coli strain 86, isolated from a piglet with diarrhea, carries plasmid-linked genes for resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides and for production of heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin. results of (i) genetic experiments involving conjugal transfer and phage p1-mediated transduction and (ii) physical experiments involving electron microscopic examination of plasmid dna and heteroduplex analysis show that a single conjugative plasmid carries the genes for drug r ...	1977	333581
the frequency of p1 transduction of the genes of escherichia coli as a function of chromosomal position: preferential transduction of the origin of replication.	the frequencies with which the generalized transducing phage p1 transduced 26 selected markers on the e. coli. chromosome were measured. the frequencies were found to vary relative to argh+ = 1 from a maximum of 6.8 near the origin of replication to a minimum of 0.23 for a marker not far from the terminus. the low frequencies obtained for some markers were shown not to result from poor expression under the selective conditions employed. when plotted as a function of marker position on the chromo ...	1977	337128
in vitro packaging of a lambda dam vector containing ecori dna fragments of escherichia coli and phage p1.	in this report we describe a coliphage lambda vector system for cloning endo r. ecori dna fragments. this system differs significantly from those previously described in two ways. first, restricted and ligated dna is encapsidated in vitro. second, with increasing lambda dna size in the range 78 to 100% that of wild-type, the efficiency of dna encapsidation into infectious phage particles markedly increases. for lambda wild-type dna the efficiency of in vitro packaging (10(6) to 10(7) plaques pro ...	1977	338419
mechanism of defective lysogenization by phage p1 in a lon-mutant of escherichia coli k-12.	phage p1 cannot lysogenize a lon- mutant of escherichia coli k-12, which is defective in the regulation of cellular division cycle to result in snake formation (14). p1 mutants, called p1pla, can lysogenize the lon- host. these mutations have been classified into two complementation groups: one is cis-dominant; the other is trans-dominant. a temperature-sensitive lon- mutant was isolated, which exhibited the lon- phenotype at 42 c but not at 33 c. a temperature-shift experiment of the p1-lysogen ...	1977	339037
[intergeneric conjugational hybridization of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. 1. obtaining a salmonella hybrid possessing greater recipient activity in crosses with escherichia coli].	intergeneric hybrids were selected from mating hfrh escherichia coli with f- salmonella typhimurium. the hybrid obtained from e. coli leu+ and pro+ genes possessed the increased recipient ability in the mating with e. coli hfrr1 (o--ilv--mete--ara). this hybrid lacked the ability to restrict the phage p1 dna propagated on e. coli k-12. the replacement of mutated uvra gene of salmonella for uvra+ gene of e. coli restore uvr+ phenotype of salmonella mutant.	1977	352802
a gal region mutant that requires camp for growth on galactose in an adenyl cyclase negative (cya delta) background.	strains of escherichia coli k12 that contain a deletion of the adenyl cyclase gen (cya delta), required for the synthesis of cyclic adenosine-3';5' monophosphate (camp), grow on galactose-containing minimal medium. a mutant was isolated that grows on this medium only if camp is added. the mutation (designated galp20) is linked to the gal operon region as determined by both generalized transduction with bacteriophage p1 and specialized transduction with bacteriophage lambda. studies with galp20 c ...	1977	190530
genetic analysis of escherichia coli o111:b4, a strain of medical and biochemical interest.	procedures have been worked out which allow, for the first time, the genetic analysis of escherichia coli o111:k58:h2 (o111:b4). the approximate map position of mutant loci was determined by mating with 15 hfr strains of e. coli k-12. in addition, p1 transduction procedures were used for establishing relative gene order and linkage for any region of the e. coli o111:b4 chromosome. to obtain these, it was necessary to select for a rare p1 lysogen since e. coli o111:b4 is resistant to phage p1. fi ...	1977	400785
[genetic localization of a mutation rendering the growth of e coli k12 insensitive to illumination at 365 nm].	the genotype of the nop mutant recently isolated from the e. coli k 12 strain ab 1157 has been characterized. this mutant lacks 4-thiouridine in its trna and is much less susceptible to near ultraviolet-induced growth delay than wild type cells. this phenotype results from a single mutation called nuv which has been localized on the e. coli genetic map. nuv is found by conjugation to lie between the origins of injection of hfr p4x and hfr cavalli in the vicinity of the lac gene. cotrans-duction ...	1977	408039