Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| underwater sounds of pinnipeds. | descriptions and analyses are presented of underwater sounds made by six species of seals in captivity, zalophus californianus, phoca vitulina, p. (pusa) hispida, p. (pagophilus) groenlandica, halichoerus grypus, and cystophora cristata. the suitability of these very faint sounds for echolocation is discussed. | 1963 | 17742884 |
| on the salivary glands of the ringed seal. | 1973 | 4127022 | |
| use of artificial subice air pockets by wild ringed seals (phoca hispida). | 1974 | 4422755 | |
| masked hearing thresholds of ringed seals. | 1975 | 1184840 | |
| the caloric value of whole ringed seals (phoca hispida) in relation to polar bear (ursus maritimus) ecology and hunting behavior. | 1975 | 1167176 | |
| underwater hearing sensitivity of two ringed seals (pusa hispida). | 1975 | 1125867 | |
| [helminth fauna of bering sea pinnipeds from karaginskiy bay]. | the helminthological investigations were conducted from may 6 to may 28, 1972 in the karaginsk gulf of the bering sea. the helminths were collected from 124 specimens of phoca vitulina largha, 9 specimens of erignathus barbatus nauticus, 9 specimens of pusa hispida krascheninnikovi and 9 specimens of histriophoca fasciata. in all, 23 species, 2 immature and 1 larval form of helminths were recorded. the data are given on the localization of helminths, intensity and extensity of their invasion, pa ... | 1976 | 958725 |
| the upper frequency limit of ringed seal hearing. | 1976 | 949663 | |
| a comparative study of surface preparations of the organ of corti of the harp seal (pagophilus groenlandicus erxleben 1777) and the ringed seal (pusa hispida). 1. sensory cell population and density. | 1976 | 1253008 | |
| blood volume determination in the ringed seal, phoca hispida. | 1978 | 709441 | |
| an experimental assessment of the toxic potential of mercury in ringed seal liver for adult laboratory cats. | 1980 | 7434363 | |
| sarcosporidiosis in the ringed seal. | 1980 | 6778851 | |
| tissue sources and clinical application of four enzymes in phocid seals. | tissue distribution and plasma activity values of creatine kinase (ck), aldolase (als), gamma-glutamyltransferase (ggt), and leucine aminopeptidase (lap) were determined in 6 ringed seals, phoca hispida, and in 7 harp seals, p groenlandica. muscle tissues had the highest activity of ck and als, though high activity of als was also in most other tissues. the lap and ggt were mostly concentrated in the kidneys; tissue lap activity was generally low. reference plasma values were determined in 17 ri ... | 1981 | 6114694 |
| electrophoretic variation in large mammals. iii. the ringed seal, pusa hispida, the harp seal, pagophilus groenlandicus, and the hooded seal, cystophora cristata. | 1982 | 7129942 | |
| nasal mites (acari:halarachnidae) in the spotted seal, phoca largha pallas, and other pinnipeds of alaskan waters. | the nasal passages of 349 pinnipeds of seven species were examined for halarachnid mites. each of seven steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), 75 of 99 harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and four of 71 spotted seals (p. largha) were infected, but none of 28 walruses (odobenus rosmarus), 43 ringed seals (phoca hispida), 58 ribbon seals (p. fasciata), and 43 bearded seals (erignathus barbatus) was infected. the sea lions harbored orthohalarachne attenuata (banks, 1910) and o. diminuata (doetschman, 1 ... | 1982 | 7097872 |
| hydrocarbon metabolism and cortisol balance in oil-exposed ringed seals, phoca hispida. | 1. ringed seals were exposed experimentally to oil contamination, by feeding of a [14c]naphthalene marked crude oil in fish for up to 4 days at a rate of 5 ml/day. 2. mixed function oxygenase (mfo) activity, measured as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in liver and kidney, was found to be induced, in particular in kidney tissue where the activity increased 3-fold. 3. mfo induction correlated with a high degree of conversion of crude oil hydrocarbons to water-soluble metabolites. most of the radioact ... | 1982 | 6125326 |
| the intrarenal and pericapsular venous systems of kidneys of the ringed seal, phoca hispida. | the kidneys of phoca hispida are comprised of many closely adherent renculi, each of which is a small kidney, functionally independent of its neighbours except with respect to venous drainage. venous blood from the rencular parenchyma drains to the periphery through interlobular veins. these interlobular veins empty into a perirencular plexus comprised of subcapsular veins on the free surface of the renculus, interrencular veins on adjoined surfaces, and marginal subcapsular veins lying in the f ... | 1985 | 4057262 |
| the fibromuscular basket (sporta perimedullaris musculosa) in renculi of kidneys from the ringed seal, phoca hispida (pinnipedia). | the medulla of renculi from kidneys of ringed seals (phoca hispida) is completely enclosed by cortex except at the hilum. within the renculus, the fibromuscular coat of the calyx separates from the transitional epithelium at the level of the corticomedullary junction, where the intrarencular arteries also diverge into the parenchyma. flat ribbons of this stromal tissue form an arborized framework near the medullary side of the intrarencular arteries and the larger of the arcuate arteries derived ... | 1986 | 3735437 |
| pcbs have declined more than the ddt group residues in arctic ringed seals (phoca hispida) between 1972 and 1981. | 1986 | 22200359 | |
| smooth muscle and myofibroblast-like cells in the perimedullary stromal basket of kidneys from ringed seals (phoca hispida). | the medullary pyramid of renculi in kidneys of ringed seals (phoca hispida) is enclosed by a basket composed of ribbons of stromal tissue continuous with the wall of the calyx. branched smooth muscle cells with well-developed golgi complexes and rough endoplasmic reticulum and only an incomplete external lamina are the principal cells in sites near the origin of the ribbons from the calycal wall. deeper in the corticomedullary junctional region, smooth muscle is progressively replaced with stell ... | 1987 | 3427612 |
| kinematics and estimated thrust production of swimming harp and ringed seals. | the propulsive motions of swimming harp seals (phoca groenlandica erxleben) and ringed seals (phoca hispida schreber) were studied by filming individuals in a flume. the seals swam at velocities ranging from 0.6 to 1.42 m s-1. locomotion was accomplished with alternate lateral sweeps of the hind flippers generated by lateral flexions of the axial body in conjunction with flexion of the flippers. the frequency of the propulsive cycle increased linearly with the swimming velocity, and the maximum ... | 1988 | 3209965 |
| prevalence and pathology of nematode infections in the lungs of ringed seals (phoca hispida) of the western arctic of canada. | two genera of lung nematodes were found in a sample of 382 wild ringed seals (phoca hispida). otostrongylus circumlitus were found mainly in young of the year where they occupied the main stem bronchi causing extensive mucus production, mucosal hyperplasia and peribronchitis. immature stages of the nematode were found in pulmonary vessels causing end-arteritis. there was only a slight reduction in respiratory parenchyma in infected seals and no correlation between infection and size or body cond ... | 1989 | 2716101 |
| the distribution of hauled-out ringed seals and an interpretation of taylor's law. | the sizes of the groups in which ringed seals (phoca hispida) haul out were studied from aerial survey data from a wide area of the canadian arctic. densities of hauled-out ringed seals varied over a wide range, but the mean group size was comparatively constant. ringed seal distribution data obeyed taylor's law of variation; about half the increase in aggregation with density was due to change in group size, and half to increasingly clumpy distribution of groups. | 1989 | 28312819 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in marine mammals in the canadian north. | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were determined in pooled samples of ringed seal (phoca hispida) blubber, beluga (delphinapterus leucas) blubber and polar bear (ursus maritimus) liver and fat from several areas throughout the canadian north and compared to mean pcb and hcb levels in the same samples. all seal samples, and all but one polar bear sample, had detectable 2,3,7,8-tcdd at concentrations ranging from 2 to 37 ng/kg, but tcdd was not found in beluga bl ... | 1990 | 15092247 |
| measurement of the body composition of living gray seals by hydrogen isotope dilution. | the body composition of living gray seals (halichoerus grypus) can be accurately predicted from a two-step model that involves measurement of total body water (tbw) by 2h or 3h dilution and application of predictive relationships between body components and tbw that were derived empirically by slaughter chemical analysis. tbw was overestimated by both 2hho and 3hho dilution; mean overestimates were 2.8 +/- 0.9% (se) with 2h and 4.0 +/- 0.6% with 3h. the relationships for prediction of total body ... | 1990 | 2246176 |
| a review of the 1988 european seal morbillivirus epizootic. | an epizootic of morbillivirus infection killed thousands of common seals (phoca vitulina) in european seas in 1988. most of the affected seals had respiratory signs and the main post mortem finding was acute pneumonia. the histopathological changes were similar to those of canine distemper. six common porpoises (phocoena phocoena) found stranded on the coast of northern ireland in late 1988 had similar lesions. morbillivirus infection also killed several thousand siberian seals (phoca siberica) ... | 1990 | 2288059 |
| red cell aggregation and viscoelasticity of blood from seals, swine and man. | rbc aggregation and viscoelasticity parameters were determined for 40% suspensions of washed cells in autologous plasma from elephant seals (es), mirounga angustirostris, ringed seals (rs), phoca hispida, and swine, (ss), sus scrofa. interspecific comparisons including human (hs) blood data revealed unusual rheological properties of seal blood relative to that from pigs or man: 1) rbc aggregation extent, rate and sedimentation were lower for seals (ai = 0, zsr = .40, esr = 0 for rs blood) relati ... | 1990 | 2375957 |
| swedish dioxin survey: evaluation of the h-4-ii e bioassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin-like enzyme induction. | the h-4-ii e enzyme induction bioassay was used for testing both pure reference substances and extracts of wildlife samples. polychlorinated naphthalenes were found to be as active as enzyme inducers as certain coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). also a mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (bromkal 70-5de) was shown to induce enzyme activity. in extracts of herring, containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs), bioassay and chemically derived tcdd-eq ... | 1991 | 1766920 |
| toxaphene: chemistry, biochemistry, toxicity and environmental fate. | the chemistry of toxaphene is now well developed; 20 isomers have been isolated and identified. the molecular weight and molecular formula are known for the remaining major components. the major metabolic degradation mechanisms for toxaphene in all organisms from bacteria to primates are now believed to the reductive dechlorination, reductive dehydrochlorination, and in some cases, oxidative dechlorination to produce hydroxyl derivatives, acids or ketones. earlier reports that toxaphene was biod ... | 1991 | 1992492 |
| polar bears make little use of terrestrial food webs: evidence from stable-carbon isotope analysis. | the mean stable-carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)c) for polar bear (ursus maritimus) tissues (bone collagen -15.7‰, muscle -17.7‰, fat -24.7‰) were close to those of the same tissues from ringed seals (phoca hispida) (-16.2‰, -18.1‰, and -26.1‰, respectively), which feed exclusively from the marine food chain. the δ(13)c values for 4 species of fruits to which polar bears have access when on land in summer ranged from -27.8 to -26.2‰, typical of terrestrial plants in the arctic. an animal's δ(13)c si ... | 1991 | 28313343 |
| geographical distribution of metals in livers of polar bears from the northwest territories, canada. | levels of ag, ca, cd, cu, fe, hg, k, mg, mn, na, p, se and zn were determined in livers of polar bears collected in 1984 in six zones in the lancaster sound. baffin bay and hudson bay areas of the northwest territories of canada and compared with data collected in 1982 for the western part of the canadian arctic. only levels of cu, k and zn were found to have no statistically significant differences among zones. the lowest levels of ca, fe, mg, mn, na and p were found in the western arctic, but ... | 1991 | 2063185 |
| the occurrence of rabies in the svalbard islands of norway. | after the first recorded outbreak of rabies in the svalbard islands (norway) in 1980, brain tissue from 817 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) was tested for rabies by a direct fluorescent antibody test. during the same period (1980 to 1990), 29 arctic foxes, 23 polar bears (ursus maritimus), 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and five ringed seals (phoca hispida) were also tested using the same technique. these animals had either been found dead, killed because of abnormal behavior or were appa ... | 1992 | 1548803 |
| some heavy metals, essential elements, and chlorinated hydrocarbons in polar bear (ursus maritimus) at svalbard. | during the period 1978-1989, samples of liver, kidney and subcutaneous fat from 24 polar bears, ursus maritimus, from svalbard were analysed for mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, hcb, dde, pcbs (as aroclor 1260 or phenoclor dp6). in a selected number of liver (seven) and fat (three) samples, the composition of individual pcb congeners was studied by comparison with 23 individual pcb congeners (iupac nos 28, 52, 74, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 114, 105, 153, 141, 138, 187, 128, ... | 1992 | 15091977 |
| arctic marine ecosystem contamination. | the current state of knowledge of levels, spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in the arctic marine ecosystem varies greatly among pollutants and among environmental compartments. levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorine (oc) pesticides and some heavy metals such as mercury and lead, in arctic marine mammals and fish are relatively well documented because of the need for comparisons with biota in more polluted environments and interest in the contamination of native diet ... | 1992 | 1514106 |
| activity, milk intake and energy consumption in free-living ringed seal (phoca hispida) pups. | measurements of growth, activity and energy consumption and estimates of milk intake were made in free-living, nursing ringed seal (phoca hispida) pups. this was accomplished through the simultaneous use of time-depth recorders and the doubly labelled water technique. the pups spent an average of 52 +/- 7% of their time hauled out on the ice, 37 +/- 5% of the time in the water at the surface, and 11 +/- 5% of the time diving. average daily mass gain of the pups (n=3) throughout the duration of t ... | 1993 | 8071463 |
| fatty acid composition in liver and blubber of the saimaa ringed seal (phoca hispida saimensis) compared with that of the ringed seal (phoca hispida botnica) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus from the baltic. | 1. the main differences in fatty acid composition of blubber between the saimaa seal (phoca hispida saimensis) and the baltic seals (phoca hispida botnica and halichoerus grypus) were, that in fresh water the proportions of polyunsaturated c18 acids and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) were high. 2. the trend became more evident when data on ringed seals from northern oceans were compared with the present data. 3. the proportions of exogenous 20:1 and 22:1 were extremely low in ringed seals from ... | 1993 | 8365111 |
| determination of pcbs and chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammal tissues. | selected tissues (blubber, liver, kidney and muscle) from marine mammals, which were collected as part of the alaska marine mammal tissue archival project (ammtap), were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners and chlorinated pesticides. concentrations of these compounds in the different tissues were compared and blubber was selected as the primary tissue for organic contaminant analyses for the ammtap based on higher levels (1-2 orders of magnitude) in this tissue compared to live ... | 1993 | 8272838 |
| determination of inorganic constituents in marine mammal tissues. | analyses of selected tissues from the alaska marine mammal tissue archival project (ammtap) have provided comprehensive information related to levels of 36 trace elements and methyl-mercury in marine mammal tissues. liver, kidney and muscle tissues from two northern fur seals, four ringed seals and six belukha whales were analyzed. the bulk of the investigated tissues and additional tissues from a total of 65 marine mammals are banked in the ammtap. the results are compared to literature values ... | 1993 | 8272841 |
| growth in pinnipeds. | this review presents summary figures of, and fits growth curves to, data on body lengths (as standard length, sl, whenever possible) of pinnipeds at ages estimated to o.i y. (1) generalized von bertalanffy (vb) growth curves are fitted to most data: lx = l infinity (i - ea(x-x0)b, lx is length at age x, x0 is the origin of the curve (here chosen a priori as time of initiation of embryonic growth), l infinity is asymptotic length, a (which is negative) determines rate of approach to the asymptote ... | 1993 | 8457634 |
| diseases and environmental contaminants in seals from the baltic and the swedish west coast. | investigations have shown that baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) suffer from a disease complex described as a primary lesion in the adrenals causing secondary reactions in various other organs. studies on historical baltic grey seal skull bone material show that the prevalence of affected animals started to increase after world war ii. the disease complex explains the dramatic decrease in the baltic grey and ringed seal population during the 1960s and 1970s an ... | 1994 | 7973608 |
| mercury and selenium in arctic and coastal seals off the coast of norway. | mercury and selenium concentrations (wet weight) have been determined in samples of liver, kidney and brain of grey seal (halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (phoca vitulina), harp seal (phoca groenlandica) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) caught along the norwegian coast, 114 individuals in all. significant differences have been found in mercury contamination between the 4 species caught in the same coastal area, jarfjord, located at the north-east of the norwegian coast close to the russian borde ... | 1994 | 15091671 |
| chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in arctic marine mammals. | by 1976, the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants (chcs) had been demonstrated in fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), ringed seal (phoca hispida), hooded seal (cystophora cristata), bearded seal (erignathus barbatus), walrus (obdobenus rosmarus divergens), beluga (delphinapterus leucas), porpoise (phocoena phocoena) and polar bear (ursus maritimus) in various parts of the arctic. in spite of this early interest, very little subsequent research on contaminants in arctic marine mammals was ... | 1994 | 7973601 |
| very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blubber of ringed seals (phoca hispida sp.) from lake saimaa, lake ladoga, the baltic sea, and spitsbergen. | blubbers of four ringed seal subspecies from lake saimaa, lake ladoga, the baltic sea, and spitsbergen were analyzed for very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (vlcpufa; > c22) using gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. the vlcpufa of the blubber oils were mainly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids--23:5n-3, 24:3n-3, 24:4n-3, 24:5n-3, 24:6n-3, 26:5n-3, 26:6n-3, and 28:7n-3. the largest vlcpufa components in all populations were 24:5n-3 (0.1-0.2 wt% of total fatty ... | 1995 | 7475988 |
| persistent chlorinated cyclodiene compounds in ringed seal, polar bear, and human plasma from northern quebec, canada: identification and concentrations of photoheptachlor. | 1995 | 22200230 | |
| venous structures associated with thermoregulation of phocid seal reproductive organs. | seal reproductive systems are surrounded by thermogenic muscle and insulating blubber, suggesting elevated temperatures at the gonads and uterus. in the limbs of terrestrial mammals, cooled blood returning from superficial veins is mixed proximally with warm blood returning from deep veins. thus, mixed cool-superficial and warm-deep venous blood from the hind limbs is returned to the central circulation. | 1995 | 8579259 |
| arctic indigenous women consume greater than acceptable levels of organochlorines. | exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides through traditional food resources was examined for arctic indigenous women living in two cultural and environmental areas of the canadian arctic--one community representing baffin island inuit in eastern arctic and two communities representing sahtú dene/métis in western arctic. polychlorinated biphenyls, toxaphene, chlorobenzenes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, chlordane-related compounds and dieldrin ... | 1995 | 7562084 |
| assessment of dietary exposure to trace metals in baffin inuit food. | chronic metal toxicity is a concern in the canadian arctic because of the findings of high metal levels in wildlife animals and the fact that traditional food constitutes a major component of the diet of indigenous peoples. we examined exposure to trace metals through traditional food resources for inuit living in the community of qikiqtarjuaq on baffin island in the eastern arctic. mercury, cadmium, and lead were determined in local food resources as normally prepared and eaten. elevated concen ... | 1995 | 7588487 |
| can seal eating explain elevated levels of pcbs and organochlorine pesticides in walrus blubber from eastern hudson bay (canada)? | walrus (odobenus rosmarus) blubber samples from inukjuak and akulivik (east hudson bay), foxe basin (igloolik and hall beach) and loks land (east baffin island) were analysed for pcb congeners (ortho and non-ortho substituted) and other persistent organochlorines (ddt, toxaphene, chlordanes, dieldrin, mirex), as well as chlorinated dioxins/furans, to document spatial trends in contaminants in canadian arctic marine biota. samples from 19 of 53 individuals had concentrations of sigmapcbs greater ... | 1995 | 15091467 |
| determination of levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and pesticides in harp seals from the greenland sea. | the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdd), dibenzofurans (pcdf), biphenyls (pcb) and compounds of the ddt group were determined in individual seal blubber and brain samples from ten male and one female harp seals caught in the greenland sea. no data from this region and from harp seals have been reported before. the age of the animals varied between 1 and 18 years. pcdd/pcdf concentrations in the blubber (4-10 pg/g teq wet weight (w.w.), nordic model) were somewhat lower than in rin ... | 1995 | 7899859 |
| identification and quantification of monobromopolychlorobiphenyls in baltic ringed seal and a technical pcb (clophen a50). | 1995 | 22206528 | |
| the "phoca standard": an external molecular reference for calibrating recent evolutionary divergences. | comparison of the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the high-arctic ringed seal (phoca hispida) and the sub-arctic harbour (p. vitulina) and grey (halichoerus grypus) seals shows that they are genetically equidistant from one another. we relate the evolutionary divergence of the three species to expanding glaciation in the arctic basin and establish, in conjunction with mtdna data, a standard reference for calibration of recent divergence events among mammalian taxa. in the present study, we ... | 1996 | 8660422 |
| overview and regional and temporal differences of heavy metals in arctic whales and ringed seals in the canadian arctic. | concentrations of mercury, cadmium, and other heavy metals in tissues of belugas (delphinapterus leucas), narwhal (monodon monoceros) and ringed seals (phoca hispida) from across the canadian arctic are reported. published and new information is used to provide an overview of metals in tissues of these animals, to delineate the existence of a spatial trend of mercury and cadmium in belugas and ringed seals, and to show a temporal trend is superimposed on the geochemical trend. mercury concentrat ... | 1996 | 8685709 |
| chromosome survey of seals in the baltic sea in 1988-1992. | the populations of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (phoca hispida botnica) in the baltic sea have decreased very much, especially during the last decades. environmental pollution has been seen as an important cause. as top predators, the seals accumulate pollutants from their environment. high concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals have been found in seals from the baltic sea. in the present study the possible mutagenic effects of environmental pollutants on ... | 1996 | 8854834 |
| amino acid sequences of hemoglobin beta chains of five species of pinnipeds: neophoca cinerea, otaria byronia, eumetopias jubatus, pusa hispida, and pagophilus groenlandica. | pinnipeds (otariidae, odobenidae, and phocidae) in the order carnivora have one or two types (hb i and hb ii) of hemoglobin components. these hemoglobins consist of identical beta chains and different alpha chains. we determined the complete amino acid sequences of the hemoglobin beta chain of three species of otariidae (australian sea lion, south american sea lion, and northern sea lion) and two species of phocidae (ringed seal and harp seal) from intact beta chain and chemical cleavage fragmen ... | 1996 | 8968957 |
| bioaccumulation of vanadium and other trace metals in livers of alaskan cetaceans and pinnipeds. | concentrations for 38 elements are routinely measured in the marine mammal liver tissues archived in the national biomonitoring specimen bank (nbsb). results show that hepatic concentrations of vanadium, selenium, silver, cadmium, and mercury are positively correlated with age for beluga whales (delphinapterus leucas) and of vanadium, selenium, cadmium, and mercury with length for ringed seals (phoca hispada). many researchers have reported linear correlations of hepatic selenium, cadmium, and m ... | 1996 | 8661527 |
| giardiasis in ringed seals from the western arctic. | sixteen beluga whales (delphinapterus leucas) and fifteen ringed seals (phoca hispida) from the western arctic region of canada were examined for giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. intestinal contents from the rectum and colon were collected from animals slaughtered by inuit hunters. a fluorescent monoclonal antibody identified giardia sp. cysts in three of 15 (20%) seals. thus, ringed seals are implicated as a potential reservoir for this zoonosis in the arctic. | 1997 | 9249716 |
| levels of heavy metals in seals of lake ladoga and the white sea. | between 1990 and 1993 samples of hair, liver, kidney and muscle were collected from 28 ringed seals from lake ladoga, phoca hispida ladogensis, 20 ringed seals, phoca hispida hispida, and three bearded seals, erignathus barbatus, from the white sea for heavy-metal residue analyses in tissues. the concentration of hg, cd, pb, cu, ni and zn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (aas). the samples of hair and liver contained the highest mean levels of the elements analysed and the muscl ... | 1997 | 9394478 |
| vitamins a1 (retinol), a2 (3,4-didehydroretinol) and e (alpha-tocopherol) in the liver and blubber of lacustrine and marine ringed seals (phoca hispida sp.). | concentrations of vitamins a1 (retinol), a2 (3,4-didehydroretinol) and e (alpha-tocopherol) in the liver and blubber of ringed seals from lake saimaa (phoca hispida saimensis), lake ladoga (p. h. ladogensis), the baltic sea (p. h. botnica) and spitsbergen (p. h. hispida) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. the freshwater seals had much lower levels of vitamin a1 but higher levels of vitamin a2 than the marine seals. the concentrations of vitamin e in the livers of the subs ... | 1997 | 9080660 |
| the use of non destructive biomarkers in the study of marine mammals. | marine mammals have been subject to heavy anthropogenic pressure by direct killing and chemical pollution all over the world. most studies of contamination and biomarker responses in marine mammals have been conducted using animals killed by hunting out of a total of 12 cetacean species studied, 45 of the specimens were obtained by sacrificing the animal; out of a total of eight pinniped species studied, 40 of the specimens were obtained by killing. the development of a series of non destructive ... | 1997 | 23899212 |
| organochlorine contaminants in blubber of four seal species: integrating biomonitoring and specimen banking. | blubber samples from four alaska seal species (bearded seal, erignathus barbatus, harbor seal, phoca vitulina, northern fur seal, callorhinus ursinus, ringed seal, p. hispida) were collected for inclusion in the us national biomonitoring specimen bank, as well as for immediate analysis as part of the contaminant monitoring component of the us national marine fisheries service's marine mammal health and stranding response program. the blubber samples were analyzed for organochlorine (oc) contamin ... | 1997 | 9159908 |
| epizootiology of morbillivirus infection in harp, hooded, and ringed seals from the canadian arctic and western atlantic. | using a virus neutralization technique, we found phocine distemper virus (pdv) antibody in 130 (83% of 157) harp seals (phoca groenlandica) from the western north atlantic sampled between 1988 and 1993 inclusive. in contrast, only 44 (24% of 185) hooded seals (cystophora cristata) had antibodies against pdv even though they were sympatric with harp seals and were sampled over a similar period, from 1989 to 1994 inclusive. antibodies occurred in 106 (41%) of 259 ringed seals (phoca hispida); this ... | 1997 | 9027686 |
| concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank. | the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank (nbsb) provides for the long term storage of well documented and preserved specimens representing several types of environmental matrices. a major part of this inventory consists of marine mammal tissues (e.g., blubber, liver, kidney, and muscle). within the nbsb selected specimens are periodically analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements. although only 20% of the 560 marine mammal specimens in the nbsb have been analyzed, the databas ... | 1997 | 9159906 |
| the impact of parasites on marine mammals: a review. | the design and implementation of conservation plans for marine mammals is a matter of public concern. however, very little is known about the role of parasites in the dynamics of marine mammal populations. this is probably due to methodological constraints concerning sampling biases, poor knowledge of the biology of the hosts and parasites and difficulty and costy of experimental studies. however, current evidence supports the theory that parasites may regulate marine mammal populations. crassic ... | 1997 | 9802082 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs) in baikal seal. | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were determined in blubber tissue of one 3 month and two adult female seals from lake baikal. high pcdd and pcdf concentrations were found in the baikal seal. the levels are comparable with those reported for ringed seals (phoca hispida) living in the baltic sea, and barrow strait and admiralty inlet in the canadian arctic. | 1997 | 9192468 |
| geographical variation of persistent organochlorine concentrations in blubber of ringed seal (phoca hispida) from the canadian arctic: univariate and multivariate approaches. | geographical variation of organochlorine (oc) concentrations in ringed seal (phoca hispida) in the canadian arctic was studied using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. the dataset consisted of 80 individual oc components (58 pcb congeners plus ddt- and chlordane (chl)-related compounds, toxaphene, hexachlorocyclohexanes (hch), chlorobenzenes (cbz), and dieldrin) determined in 221 ringed seal blubber samples from 13 locations throughout the canadian arctic from the period 1983 to ... | 1997 | 15093398 |
| polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in seals and sediment from the gulf of finland. | polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (pcdes), 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were analyzed in seals from the gulf of finland and in sediments from the gulf of finland and near gotland. the sediments included one surface core from both sampling sites. the seal material consisted of 14 ringed seals and 6 grey seals that all were found dead and examined for pathology. the main aims were to scrutinize levels an ... | 1997 | 9308160 |
| twenty years of trace metal analyses of marine mammals in alaska: evaluation and summation. | the compilation of existing data on contaminants in the marine food chain is essential in addressing concerns regarding the magnitude of potential human exposures and in the evaluation of subsistence food safety. this paper presents a summary of studies on trace metals in tissues of alaska marine mammals from the 1970s to the present, along with derived mean tissue trace metal concentrations. the derived mean can serve as a norm against which future monitoring results may be compared, and may be ... | 1998 | 10093345 |
| serosurvey of toxoplasma gondii in north atlantic marine mammals by the use of agglutination test employing whole tachyzoites and dithiothreitol. | serum samples from north atlantic populations of harp seal, phoca groenlandica (n = 316), ringed seal, phoca hispida (n = 48), hooded seal, cystophora cristata (n = 78), and minke whale, balaenoptera acutorostrata (n = 202), were tested for toxoplasma gondii-specific igg. the modified agglutination test (mat) was slightly modified to be more user-friendly by replacing the 0.2 m 2-mercaptoethanol with 10 mm dithiothreitol. no positive samples were found at 1:40 dilution. | 1998 | 9611681 |
| absence of short-wavelength sensitive cones in the retinae of seals (carnivora) and african giant rats (rodentia). | most non-primate mammals have two types of cone: short-wavelength sensitive (s) and middle-to-long-wavelength sensitive (m/l) cones. in two species of african giant rats, cricetomys gambianus and c. emini, and in two species of earless seals, phoca hispida and p. vitulina, the retinal cone types and cone distributions were assessed with antibodies specific for the m/l-cone opsin and the s-cone opsin, respectively. all four species were found to completely lack s-cones, while m/l-cones were prese ... | 1998 | 9767389 |
| diving seals, ischemia-reperfusion and oxygen radicals. | the cardiovascular adaptations of seals that contribute to their ability to tolerate long periods of diving asphyxial hypoxia result in episodic regional ischemia during diving and abrupt reperfusion upon termination of the dive. these conditions might be expected to result in production of oxygen-derived free radicals and other forms of highly reactive oxygen species. seal organs vary during dives with respect to the degree and persistence of ischemia. myocardial perfusion is reduced and interm ... | 1998 | 9773490 |
| plasma angiotensin ii, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide in free ranging and captive seals and sea lions. | we used radioimmunoassay methods to quantify arginine vasopressin (avp), atrial natriuretic peptide (anp), and angiotensin ii (ang ii) in plasma samples from harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsii), weddell seals (leptonychotes weddellii), northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), ringed seals (phoca hispida), california sea lions (zalophus californianus), and steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). plasma concentrations of avp, anp, and ang ii in these pinniped species were within the ... | 1998 | 9568367 |
| methylmercury and total mercury in tissues of arctic marine mammals. | concentrations of methylmercury, total mercury and selenium in marine mammal tissues were determined in liver, muscle, skin (muktuk) and blubber of belugas, ringed seals and narwhal, using atomic absorption and capillary gas chromatography with ecd detection. mean mehg levels in the types of tissues analysed, except blubber, generally exceeded the canadian federal consumption guideline for mercury in fish (0.5 micrograms/g wet wt.). a spatial trend of higher mehg levels in western compared to ea ... | 1998 | 9718742 |
| composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver of freshwater and marine ringed seals (phoca hispida ssp.) differs largely due to the diet of the seals. | fatty acid composition in the liver of four ringed-seal (phoca hispida ssp.) populations, from ocean (spitsbergen), brackish water (the baltic sea) and freshwater (lake saimaa and lake ladoga) were determined by gas liquid chromatography. the fatty acid compositions in liver were compared with those of the blubber of the seals, which largely reflect the fatty acid supply from marine or freshwater fish. when the ratios of 20:4n-6/20:5n-3 (arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid, aa/epa, from 0.06 ... | 1998 | 9787792 |
| heterogeneous cholinergic reactions of ringed seal coronary arteries. | coronary blood flow of some seal species is unusual in that it is highly variable in both non-diving and diving conditions and shows intermittent fluctuations, especially during dives when it frequently ceases for brief periods. we sought regulatory mechanisms governing these reactions by studying isometric tension recordings of isolated left circumflex (lc) and left anterior descending (lad) coronary arteries of ringed seals, phoca hispida, during reactions to a variety of agents for stimulatin ... | 1998 | 9773493 |
| enantioselective gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of methylsulfonyl pcbs with application to arctic marine mammals. | four different commercially available cyclodextrin (cd) capillary gas chromatography (gc) columns were tested for the enantioselective separation of nine environmentally persistent atropisomeric 3- and 4-methylsulfonyl pcbs (meso2-cbs). the selected columns contained cyclodextrins with various cavity diameters (beta- or gamma-cd), which were methylated and/or tert-butyldimethylsilylated (tbdms) in the 2,3,6-o-positions. the beta-cd column with tbdms substituents in all of the 2,3,6-o-positions w ... | 1998 | 9751025 |
| characterization of three major toxaphene congeners in arctic ringed seal by electron ionization and electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry. | three environmentally significant chlorinated bornane (chb) congeners were extracted from arviat ringed seal blubber and identified by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (hrgc/hrecnims (ch4), low resolution eims, and linked field scanning). they are referred to as ts2 (parlar#39, b8-531) [2-exo,3-endo,5-exo,6,6,8b,9c,10c (or 10a)-octachlorobornane], ts3 (parlar#40, b8-1414) [2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8c,9b,10a,10c (or 10b)-octachlorobornane] and ts4 (parlar#42, toxicant a, b8-806/809) [2 ... | 1998 | 9747516 |
| functional relationship between muscles of mastication and the skull with enlarged orbit in the baikal seal (phoca sibirica). | we expected that the enlarged area of zygomatic arch, one of some skull characters adapted for enlarged eye, has an influence on form and function of muscles of mastication in the baikal seal (phoca sibirica). so, in this species, the mm, masseter, temporalis, pterygoidei, digastricus were observed in the macroscopic level. the skull characters related to these muscles were also compared between the baikal seal and a close-related species, the ringed seal (phoca hispida). the mm, masseter and te ... | 1998 | 9673940 |
| congener specific pcb and polychlorinated camphene (toxaphene) levels in svalbard ringed seals (phoca hispida) in relation to sex, age, condition and cytochrome p450 enzyme activity. | congener specific pcb and toxaphene (polychlorinated camphene, pcc) analyses were performed in seal blubber, collected in svalbard, norway. the concentration, body burden and metabolic index (pcb congener concentration in seal relative to their prey) were calculated. multiple regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the influence of age, sex, blubber (as a percentage of total body weight) and cytochrome p450 activities on pcb and pcc levels. levels of total pcbs found were five times hig ... | 1998 | 9618926 |
| spatial and temporal trends and effects of contaminants in the canadian arctic marine ecosystem: a review. | recent studies have added substantially to our knowledge of spatial and temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in the canadian arctic marine ecosystem. this paper reviews the current state of knowledge of contaminants in marine biota in the canadian arctic and where possible, discusses biological effects. the geographic coverage of information on contaminants such as persistent organochlorines (ocs) (pcbs, ddt- and chlordane-related compounds, hexachlorocyclohexanes, t ... | 1999 | 10466228 |
| health condition of the baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) during two decades. gynaecological health improvement but increased prevalence of colonic ulcers. | results obtained at postmortem examinations of 159 baltic grey seals during the 20-year period 1977-1996 are presented. the investigation was initiated due to a serious reduction of the baltic grey and ringed seal populations. earlier, reduced reproductive ability with occlusions and stenoses of the uterus, as well as a disease complex in adult individuals of both sexes, was reported. the disease complex comprised lesions of claws, skull bone, intestine (colonic ulcers), kidneys (glomerulopathy, ... | 1999 | 10223299 |
| evidence of brucella infection in marine mammals in the north atlantic ocean. | between 1983 and 1996 a total of 1386 samples of serum were taken from four species of seal and three species of whale in the waters west of iceland, the area of pack-ice north-west of jan mayen, the northern coast of norway and the kola peninsula, the waters west of svalbard, and the barents sea; they were tested for the presence of anti-brucella antibodies with an indirect elisa (protein g conjugate). the positive sera were re-tested with classical brucellosis serological tests, such as the se ... | 1999 | 10378290 |
| [comparative analysis of development of the auditory and vestibular structures in a representative of true seals, pusa hispida (pinnipedia:phocidae-pusa hispida)]. | 1999 | 10368761 | |
| health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on wildlife, with special reference to the european situation. | many wildlife species may be exposed to biologically active concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. there is strong evidence obtained from laboratory studies showing the potential of several environmental chemicals to cause endocrine disruption at environmentally realistic exposure levels. in wildlife populations, associations have been reported between reproductive and developmental effects and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. in the aquatic environment, effects have been observed in m ... | 2000 | 10680769 |
| geographical differences of zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium in polar bears (ursus maritimus) from greenland. | muscle, liver, and kidney tissues from 100 polar bears (ursus maritimus), caught in the avanersuaq area, north-west greenland, and ittoqqortoormiit area, central-east greenland, were analysed for zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium. the zinc concentrations in muscle and liver were higher than in kidney. mean zinc concentrations ranged from 19.7 to 76.0 micrograms/g (all data are presented as geometric means on a wet wt. basis). the presented cadmium concentrations by area and age groups were all ... | 2000 | 10682354 |
| brucellosis in ringed seals and harp seals from canada. lforbes@em.agr.ca. | a novel brucella sp. was isolated from lymph nodes of four ringed seals (phoca hispida) collected near pangnirtung (baffin island, canada) in january and february 1995 and in one harp seal (phoca groenlandica) collected near the magdalen islands (gulf of st. lawrence, canada) in march 1996. bacteriological characteristics were the same for all five isolates. the colonies were typical of brucella spp., but took 2 to 5 days longer than the traditional species to appear on primary isolation media. ... | 2000 | 10941754 |
| expression and inducibility of members in the cytochrome p4501 (cyp1) family in ringed and grey seals from polluted and less polluted waters. | the expression and inducibility of cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) were investigated in hepatic microsomes of ringed seals (phoca hispida) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from polluted (baltic sea) and less polluted (svalbard and sable island) areas. liver cyp1a protein levels and activities were assessed by immunoblot analysis and determining catalytic activities towards ethoxyresorufin (erod) and pentoxyresorufin (prod). the amount of cyp1a apoprotein and its catalytic activity were increased up ... | 2000 | 10996541 |
| eox and organochlorine compounds in fish and ringed seal samples from lake ladoga, russia. | information about the pollution of lake ladoga, the largest lake in europe, has been controversial. various effluents and drainage waters affect the quality of the lake water. wastewaters have caused eutrophication of parts of lake ladoga, but concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the lake's food webs are poorly understood. in this study, concentrations of some organochlorine compounds, chlorophenols (cps), and extractable organic halogen (eox) were determined in smelt (osmerus eper ... | 2000 | 11057612 |
| the occurrence and ecology of trichinella in marine mammals. | trichinella in marine mammals has a circumpolar arctic distribution and a narrow range of host species. it is commonly found in polar bears (ursus maritimus), and increasingly in walruses (odobenus rosmarus) where it presents a significant zoonotic hazard. this has resulted in the implementation of food safety programs in some arctic communities to test harvested walrus meat for trichinella larvae prior to consumption. trichinella has been reported infrequently in bearded seals (erignathus barba ... | 2000 | 11099845 |
| lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium in greenland marine biota and sediments during amap phase 1. | lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium levels in the greenland marine environment from the first phase of the amap are presented. samples were collected in 1994-1995 covering four widely separated regions in greenland. samples included sediments, soft tissue of blue mussel; and liver of polar cod, shorthorn sculpin, glaucous gull, iceland gull and ringed seal. concentrations of lead were found to increase with the size of blue mussel, but not with the age of gulls or ringed seal. both cadmium and m ... | 2000 | 10682352 |
| temporal trends of cadmium and mercury in greenland marine biota. | data for cadmium and mercury in greenland marine biota (blue mussels, polar cod, shorthorn sculpin, glaucous gull and ringed seals) over a period of 20 years has been analysed in order to assess temporal changes. most of the comparisons were conducted between tissue samples collected in the mid-1980s and mid-1990s. cadmium data from a few time series obtained at reference sites during monitoring of mining activities were also included. no overall temporal trends in cadmium or mercury concentrati ... | 2000 | 10682355 |
| spatial distribution of persistent organochlorines in ringed seal (phoca hispida) blubber. | blubber samples, taken through the entire blubber column, were collected from three different anatomical locations on ringed seals (phoca hispida). the outer and inner layers of these samples were analysed for concentrations of sigma pcbs (sum of the analysed congeners, polychlorinated biphenyls) and p,p'-dde (4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). no significant differences were found in blubber thickness or in per cent extractable lipid when comparing age- and sex-groups, or in extractable li ... | 2000 | 11285731 |
| mercury species in the liver of ringed seals. | four types of mercury species, namely, methylmercury, organic mercury other than methylmercury, inorganic mercury, and insoluble mercury, deemed to be mercuric selenide (hgse), were found in the liver of 45 ringed seals from the canadian arctic. on average, methylmercury, at 2%, made up the smallest fraction of the total mercury in the liver of these animals. of the total mercury concentration in seal liver, 53% was insoluble mercury, estimated to be largely mercuric selenide. other workers have ... | 2000 | 11036974 |
| determination of toxaphenes in fish and marine mammals. | an analytical method for the determination of toxaphene in biological materials using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (gc-ecd) has been established and validated for three single congeners (chlorinated bornanes (chb) 26, 50 and 62). the analytical method was based on a method for determination of pcb, ddt and other chlorinated pesticides. to include toxaphene congeners an extra step, adsorption chromatography on silica columns, was introduced to separate the pesticides from ... | 2000 | 10819223 |
| geographical differences and time trends of persistent organic pollutants in the arctic. | geographical and temporal trends of total pcbs (sigmapcbs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (sigmahchs) have been examined in polar bear (ursus maritimus) adipose tissue and ringed seal (phoca hispida) blubber along a transect from alaska to svalbard and northern norway/western russia. pcb concentrations in polar bear show a strong west to east trend with higher levels in east greenland, svalbard. in ringed seal, highest pcb levels were found at two sites near the russian coast. sigmahchs levels in ri ... | 2000 | 10720717 |
| organochlorines in greenland ringed seals (phoca hispida). | twenty-five ringed seals (phoca hispida) were sampled in 1994 at each of four areas in greenland, three on the west coast and one on the east coast. seal blubber samples were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs, iupac nos. 28, 31, 52, 101, 105, 118, 138, 153, 156 and 180), ddts (p,p'-dde, p,p'-ddd, p,p'-ddt), hexachlorocyclohexanes (alpha-, beta- and gamma-hch), hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and trans-nonachlor. a number of the seals (n = 56) were also analysed for toxaphene (total toxaphene ... | 2000 | 10682359 |
| an assessment of selenium to mercury in greenland marine animals. | information on mercury and selenium molar relation in muscle, liver and kidney tissue of greenland marine animals is presented. in the majority of the samples selenium was present in a molar surplus to mercury. this was most clear in molluscs, crustaceans, fish and seabirds. a 1:1 molar ratio was found in tissues of marine mammals with high mercury concentrations (above approx. 10 nmol/g). this was most clearly demonstrated for liver and kidney tissue of polar bear and for ringed seal with high ... | 2000 | 10682353 |
| biological transport and mammal to mammal transfer of organochlorines in arctic fauna. | ringed seal (phoca hispida) is assumed to be the most important and common prey of polar bears (ursus maritimus). however, during a scientific survey in the ice area of the northern barents sea east of svalbard in june 1995, an unexpectedly high number of polar bears were observed feeding on harp seal (phoca groenlandica) carcasses. samples of both harp and ringed seals were obtained and organochlorine (oc) occurrence and pattern in these two potential polar bear prey species were determined. si ... | 2000 | 11285735 |
| organochlorine burdens in blood of ringed and bearded seals from north-western svalbard. | ringed seal (phoca hispida) and bearded seal (erignathus barbatus) are the main prey of polar bears (ursus maritimus), and information on organochlorines (ocs) in these pinniped species is important to understand the transport, fate and effects of persistent organic pollutants in the arctic ecosystem. thus, ocs were analysed in blood samples of bearded and ringed seals from the coastal ecosystem of the north-western svalbard archipelago (kongsfjorden, 78.55degrees n). the relative contribution o ... | 2001 | 11444300 |
| characterization of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome p450 (cyp) forms in ringed and grey seals from the baltic sea and reference sites. | earlier studies have shown that members of the cytochrome p4501 (cyp1) enzyme family are constitutively expressed, and are elevated in the livers of ringed seals (phoca hispida) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) living in the heavily polluted baltic sea. in this study, we compared the expression profiles of several additional cyp enzymes in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of baltic ringed and grey seals with the corresponding cyp expression in seals from relatively unpolluted waters. we use ... | 2001 | 11166678 |
| bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and dichlorodiphenylethane (dde) methyl sulfones in tissues of seal and dolphin morbillivirus epizootic victims. | polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and dichlorodiphenylethane (dde) methyl sulfone (msf) metabolites possess high affinities for binding two homologous 16,000 da homodimeric receptor proteins in the lung (clara cell secretory protein, ccsp) and the uterus (uteroglobin, ug), leading to selective bioaccumulation of msfs in these tissues. as marine mammals are highly exposed to organochlorines, concentrations of pcbs, pcb msfs, ddt, and dde msf were analyzed in blubber, lung, and uterus samples from ha ... | 2001 | 11205532 |