Publications

observations of the guppy, poecilia reticulata peters, in culex pipiens fatigans breeding sites in bangkok, rangoon, and taipei.		1972	4261424
mosquito susceptibility levels to seven new insecticides and their comparative toxicity to the guppy, poecilia reticulata, in bangkok, thailand.		1974	4153410
use of larvivorous fish for vector control in the malvides republic.	the paper reports on the use of three larvivorous fishes in the maldives republic: poecilia reticulata (poeciliidae), mollienesia sphenops (cyprinodontidae) and for the first time kuhlia taeniurus (kuhliidae), a sea fish adapted to life in wells, which are the only sources of water supply (with the exception of a few rain-water cisterns). the approximately 20 000 wells are the main and all-year-round breeding places for both anophelines and culicines. due to this type of breeding places, maldive ...	1975	1216337
control of culex pipiens fatigans(w) by the larvivorous fish poecillia reticulata and by removal of debris from the breeding habitat.	twice weekly removal of floating debris from two polluted ponds in bangkok resulted in 75% reduction of immature populations of c.p. fatigans for seven weeks. subsequent introduction of the guppy poecilia reticulata at 10 fish per m2 further reduced the aquatic population to 2% of the pretreatment level during 12 weeks. when debris removal was discontinued, partial recovery of the larval density was observed. when fish were introduced in a plot without prior debris removal, there was no reductio ...	1976	1027109
data on the life cycle of ribeiroia marini guadeloupensis n. ssp., a trematode sterilizing biomphalaria glabrata in guadeloupe.	data on the life cycle of ribeiroia marini guadeloupensis n.ssp., trematode sterilizing biomphalaria glabrata in guadeloupe. maintenance of the life cycle with a view to an eventual control of the populations of molluscs. in guadeloupe (french west indies), the definitive hosts of ribeiroia marini guadeloupensis n.ssp. are the two species of rats: rattus rattus and r. norvegicus. the first intermediate host is biomphalaria glabrata, the vector of intestinal schistosomiasis. the second intermedia ...	1978	24996
[life cycle of clinostomum golvani n. sp. (trematoda : clinostomidae) a larval parasite of biomphalaria glabrata, the snail vector of schistosoma mansoni in guadeloupe (author's transl)].	the life cycle of a new species of clinostomidae, clinostomum golvani, described in guadeloupe (french west indies). the first intermediate host is the snail vector of schistosoma mansoni in this island, biomphalaria glabrata, which can be sterilized by this parasite. poecilia reticulata (guppy) serves as the second intermediate host. adult worms were obtained under experimental conditions from butorides virescens (the definitive host in nature), nycticorax nycticorax and ardea purpurea. the adu ...	1980	7224533
the biotransformation of [14c]phenol in some freshwater fish.	1. the biotransformation of phenol was investigated in eight species of freshwater fish: bream (abramis brama), goldfish (carassius auratus), guppy (poecilia reticulata), minnow (phoxinus phoxinus), perch (perca fluviatilis), roach (rutilus rutilus), rudd (scardinius erythropthalmus) and tench (tinca tinca), when exposed to sublethal concentrations of phenol in the aquarium water. 2. the two conjugates, phenyl sulphate and phenyl glucuronide, were the sole detected products produced by bream, pe ...	1981	7293212
study on the toxicity of sodium bromide to different freshwater organisms.	the toxicity of sodium bromide for freshwater organisms was tested using algae (scenedesmus pannonicus), crustaceans (daphnia magna) and fish (poecilia reticulata and oryzias latipes). depending on the species tested, the acute toxicity varied from 44 to 5800 mg br-/litre (ec50 values) and the no observed effect concentrations (noec values) in the long-term tests varied from 7.8 to 250 mg br-/litre. bromide ion markedly impaired reproduction in both crustaceans and fish. histologically no effect ...	1983	6684619
ultrastructural diurnal changes of the retinal photoreceptors in the embryo of a viviparous teleost (poecilia reticulata p.).	all diurnal changes studied - ellipsosome excepted - start at midgestation, following differentiation of photoreceptors and pigment-epithelium cells. these are: (1) shedding of the tips of the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segments and subsequent phagocytosis by the pigment-epithelium; (2) retinomotor movements of pigment-epithelium processes, rods and cones; (3) changes of cone square-mosaics into row-mosaics at night. newly-differentiated photoreceptors in the embryo are, therefore, alre ...	1983	6686498
the biotransformation of three 14c-labelled phenolic compounds in twelve species of freshwater fish.	1. the urinary and biliary excretion of 14c-labelled m-cresol, 1-naphthol and o-chlorophenol were investigated in 12 species of freshwater fish (bitterling, rhodeus sericeus amarus; bream, abramis brama; crucian carp, carassius carassius; goldfish, carassius auratus; gudgeon, gobio gobio; guppy, poecilia reticulata; minnow, phoximus phoximus; perch, perca fluviatilis; roach, rutilus rutilus; rudd, scardinius erythropthalmus; three-spined stickleback, gasterosteus aculeatus; tench, tinca tinca) w ...	1983	6880238
ultrastructural studies on the heart of bony-fish larvae.	the ultrastructure of the heart in 2 and 6 d old larvae of melanogrammus aeglefinus and 1, 7, 14, and 21 d old larvae of poecilia reticulata, is described. additional studies were done on prenatal specimens of p. reticulata. in the atrium of m. aeglefinus the endocardium is separated from the muscle wall by a wide, electron lucent space, which probably contains cardiac jelly (davis 1924). the myocardium is an 1 cell-thick layer in the atrium, whereas it consists of 2 to 4 cells in the ventricle. ...	1984	6468890
the population dynamics of gyrodactylus bullatarudis (monogenea) within laboratory populations of the fish host poecilia reticulata.	experiments were undertaken to investigate the factors which influence the transmission dynamics of gyrodactylus bullatarudis within populations of laboratory guppies. the parasites possess a number of biological attributes which are almost unique amongst helminth parasites of vertebrates. these include the ability to reproduce viviparously and directly on the surface of the host, the ability to survive death of the host (for a short period of time) and the ability to transfer between hosts (des ...	1984	6472882
use of aquarium fish, danio rerio and poecilia reticulata, as test species for evaluation of nitrosamine carcinogenicity.	the carcinogenic effects of various doses of dimethylnitrosamine (dmna), diethylnitrosamine (dena), and nitrosomorpholine (nm), as well as the results of varying temperature and length of exposure to these carcinogens, were studied in short-term (20-21 wk) experiments in aquarium fish (820 danio rerio and 944 poecilia reticulata). all nitroso compounds induced liver tumors (hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas, cholangiomas, and cholangiocarcinomas) and esophageal papillomas. exposure to nm al ...	1984	6462200
ultrastructural and ultrahistochemical studies of post-mortem changes and effects of hypoxia in the bony fish heart.	the ultrastructural and ultrahistochemical properties of post-mortem changed and hypoxic heart tissue of gadus virens, gadus morhua, and poecilia reticulata are described. when incubated for 0.5 h at 20 degrees c the cardiac tissue is rich in vacuoles and endocardial blebs. after 1 h of incubation, the myocardial mitochondria contain some amorphous, flocculent densities (50-100 nm), which seem to increase in number and size with advancing incubation time. furthermore, the mitochondria in heart p ...	1985	3999184
relative susceptibility of common vector mosquito larvae and larvivorous fish, gambusia affinis and poecilia reticulata to three new insecticides.		1985	2872250
studies on potential biological control agents of immature mosquitoes in sewage wastewater in southern california.	three biological control agents, a copepod, mesocyclops leuckarti pilosa, and two fish, cyprinodon macularius and poecilia reticulata, were evaluated for their survival in secondary sewage effluent (sse) and predation potential on mosquito larvae. results showed that the survival of m. l. pilosa was not significantly affected in sse or sse diluted (50%) with water. in predation tests, the copepod consumed from 50 to 90% of the 1st-instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus in 24 to 72 hr and p. ret ...	1986	3507507
[the use of the aquarium fishes danio rerio and poecilia reticulata as highly sensitive species for testing the carcinogenicity of chemical compounds].	aquarium fishes danio rerio and poecilia reticulata are recommended as test-objects for testing carcinogenic chemical agents. 30 compounds were tested for their action on these objects. the analysis of the incidence of induced tumors, period of their appearance and iball index shows high sensitivity of the aquarium fishes to the carcinogenic action. data are presented on the dynamics of experimental carcinogenesis, morphology of induced tumours, as well as on modifications of carcinogenesis (the ...	1987	3691391
temporal changes in aggregation: a laboratory study.	changes in the variance to mean ratio and the parameter k of the negative binomial distribution were used to study temporal changes in the degree of aggregation of the monogenean parasite, gyrodactylus turnbulli in free-running laboratory populations of the guppy, poecilia reticulata. the parasite undergoes recurrent epidemic cycles in the host population under conditions of regular immigration of uninfected guppies. during the early phase of the epidemic, heterogeneity among fish together with ...	1987	3614993
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems in test fish. i. comparative studies of liver microsomal monooxygenases.	all monooxygenase activities assayed in guppy (poecilia reticulata) and red killifish (oryzias latipes) were 7-10 times higher than those measured in trout (salmo gairdneri), carp (cyprinus carpio), and golden orfe (leuciscus idus). cytochrome p-450 was 3 times higher in the former fish than in all the other species. zebra fish (brachydanio rerio) 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus) ethylmorphine n-demethylase (emnd) were not greatly different from those of the forme ...	1987	3830019
mosquito control in wastewater: a controlled and quantitative comparison of pupfish (cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae), mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) and guppies (poecilia reticulata) in sago pondweed marshes.	we compared the abilities of pupfish, mosquitofish and guppies to control mosquitoes in wastewater marshes. all species of fish reduced mosquito emergence. when fish population densities were similar, fish reduced emergence to similar levels. as experiments progressed, guppies developed greater population densities and provided better mosquito control than mosquitofish, which developed greater densities and better control than pupfish. fish also reduced numbers of zooplankton, and guppies increa ...	1990	1973447
[preliminary study on the biological control of dengue vectors by fish in liouchyou prefecture, pingtung county, taiwan].	an investigation made in may 1989 with questionnaires to 2,480 families in liouchyou prefecture, pingtung county, showed that there were about 6,533 water containers in the whole village, of which 49.83% were used to store water for drinking, and the remaining 50.17% were used for washing clothes and watering plants. 32.42% of the residents volunteered to rear fish in the family water containers to control the mosquito population. during the period from april to october 1989, there was a total a ...	1990	2402027
[the introduction of the larvivorous fish poecilia reticulata (peters, 1895) (cyprinodontiformes: poeciliidae), a bioregulator of culicids in oxidation ponds and contaminated drainage ditches on the isla de la juventud].	the larvivorous fish poecilla reticulata, internationally known as mosquito larva bioregulators, was introduced in 2 oxidation ponds and 2 ditches containing polluted waters (sewage) without the presence of other fish species, in isle of youth, cuba, in order to control the larva populations of the culex quinquefasciatus mosquito say, 1823 in these its main breeding sites. after 2.5 months, such reservoirs were free of mosquito larvae. the fish settled within one year, reaching enough density to ...	1991	1801089
demonstration of calcium in dermal melanocytes of xenopus laevis and poecilia reticulata with electron energy-loss spectroscopy and electron spectroscopic imaging.	the subcellular distribution of calcium in dermal melanocytes of xenopus laevis and poecilia reticulata has been analysed. using two cytochemical methods, phosphate precipitation and a combined oxalate-pyroantimonate technique, electron energy-loss spectroscopy and electron spectroscopic imaging have been applied for elemental analysis. both precipitation techniques revealed a high calcium content in the melanosomes of both species. calcium was also located in the vicinity of collagen fibrils an ...	1991	1870109
[impact of the use of larvivorous fish poecilia reticulata on the transmission of malaria in fir of comoros].	field tests were conducted in the grande comore island, federal islamic republic of comoros, in order to evaluate the potential of the larvivorous fish poecilia reticulata for the control of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.s. due to the high permeability of soil, anopheles breeding sites in all island occurs only in the man-made water reservoirs. the study was carried out from november 1987 to november 1988 within a framework of a malaria and filariasis control programme, supported by who ...	1991	1952700
[the use of the shell of the cashew nut, anacardium occidentale, as an alternative molluscacide].	bioassays using hexanolic extracts of cashew nut shells, of anacardium occidentale, collected in ceará in 1972 (sample 1) and 1987 (sample 2) were undertaken with adult snails and egg masses of biomphalaria glabrata, b. tenagophila and b. straminea both in the laboratory and in the field. non extracted shells, 18.5 g, sample 1, were also tested with adult snails and egg masses of the three species. the toxicity of extract was tested with fish (poecilia reticulata) and tadpoles. the lethal concen ...	1992	1342111
infections of gyrodactylus bullatarudis and gyrodactylus turnbulli on guppies (poecilia reticulata) in trinidad.	gyrodactylus bullatarudis turnbull, 1956, and gyrodactylus turnbulli harris, 1986, are recorded from guppies (poecilia reticulata) from the northern mountains of trinidad. mixed infections of the 2 species were found at 9 localities. gyrodactylus turnbulli had a predominantly posterior distribution on the fishes, whereas g. bullatarudis was more anteriorly distributed. this is the first record of these species from guppies collected from within their original range.	1992	1403438
biological control of culicidae with the copepod mesocyclops aspericornis and larvivorous fish (poeciliidae) in a village of french polynesia.	the copepod mesocyclops aspericornis daday and the larvivorous fishes gambusia affinis (b. & g.) and poecilia reticulata r. & b., were released into mosquito breeding sites in tuherahera village, tikehau atoll, french polynesia, to control larvae of aedes aegypti (l.), ae.polynesiensis marks, culex annulirostris skuse and cx quinquefasciatus say. treatments were completed within a week, in january 1990. fish quickly eliminated mosquito larvae from the open breeding sites (ponds, wells). the impa ...	1992	1600235
detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in tissues of three small fish species.	an immunohistochemical assay for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) identifies cells in all active phases of the cell cycle. in this study, pcna methodology, which was developed primarily for mammalian tissues, was adapted to three small fish species, medaka (oryzias latipes), guppy (poecilia reticulata), and western mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) that are used in carcinogenesis bioassays and environmental sentinel studies. our study showed that pcna can be identified in routinely proces ...	1994	7703303
comparative toxicity of certain mosquitocidal compounds to larvivorous fish, poecilia reticulata.	toxicity of certain mosquitocidal compounds (both larvicides and adulticides) to the larvivorous fish poecilia reticulata was determined in the laboratory. among the various chemical insecticides tested, the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin was most toxic to fish (lc50 = 0.016 ppm), while the organophosphorus insecticide abate was least toxic (lc50 = 34 ppm). the bioinsecticides spherix (bacillus sphaericus) and bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis h-14) showed highest safety for the fish (lc5 ...	1994	7713258
observations on the development of syncuaria squamata (nematoda: acuariidae), a parasite of cormorants, in the intermediate and paratenic hosts.	the development of the nematode syncuaria squamata (linstow, 1883), a gizzard parasite of cormorants, was experimentally studied in the ostracod notodromas monacha. after the eggs of this nematode have been swallowed by the ostracod, the toothed first-stage larvae of the parasite are released and penetrate through the intestinal wall into the haemocoel of the crustacean. before attaining the infective third stage, the larvae moult twice in the body of the intermediate host (9-11 and 13-15 days a ...	1994	7883250
western blotting of formaldehyde-fixed neuropeptides as small as 400 daltons on gelatin-coated nitrocellulose paper.	a method is described for western blotting of peptides as small as 400 daltons (da). peptides were separated by tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and electroblotted to gelatin-coated ph79 nitrocellulose paper (0.1 micron). the electroblotted peptides were fixed to the nitrocellulose paper for 5-10 min in 4% paraformaldehyde solution. using anti-rabbit fmrf-amide (phe-met-arg-phe-nh2) as primary antibody, positive immunoreactivity was detected with an amplified alkaline phosphatase a ...	1994	7915887
an aquatic toxicological evaluation of fenthion in the context of finch control in south africa.	queletox, containing fenthion as active ingredient, is the avicide formulation used in south africa to control red-billed finches (quelea quelea). control measures involve night spraying of roosting areas with a light aircraft. since roosting areas often include reedbeds along riversides and on islands, proper control is difficult without exposing the aquatic environment to some risk of contamination. this study tested the acute effects of fenthion, in association with the queletox formulation, ...	1995	8521783
properties of iridoviruses from ornamental fish.	an iridovirus from 2 species of freshwater tropical imported fish was examined for its antigenic and biochemical properties and virulence for 3 species of food fish. the virus was found in both guppy (poecilia reticulata) and doctor fish (labroides dimidatus). the virus replicated in numerous fish cell lines including bf-2, cco and epc. virus titers reached 10(8) tcid50/ml in each cell line. the virions had similar size and morphology to those previously reported to cause systemic infections amo ...	1995	8581016
enzymological differences of ache and diazinon hepatic metabolism: correlation of in vitro data with the selective toxicity of diazinon to fish species.	the in vitro hepatic metabolism of diazinon, as well as the sensitivity of the brain acetylcholine esterase, to diazoxon inhibitory action have been studied in order to explain the different toxicity of diazinon to oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), poecilia reticulata (guppy), brachydanio rerio (zebra fish) and cyprinus carpio (carp). in spite of a very sensitive acetylcholine esterase the carp is very resistant to diazinon toxicity because of its very low rate of bioactivation and relatively ...	1995	7481748
biological control of mosquito larvae by guppy fish.	predation potentiality of a biological control agent, the guppy fish, poecilia reticulata (= lebistes reticulatus), was studied over the mosquito larvae under laboratory conditions. the third instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus mosquito were used as prey. the average consumption rate was 41.0 per day per fish. the female fish was more active (54.9) than male ones (27.0). the feeding activity was found to be higher at higher water temperature. the study suggests that this fish could be used, ...	1995	8815867
comparison of bioconcentration factors of tetrachlorobenzyltoluenes in the guppy (poecilia reticulata) and zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha).	preliminary bioconcentration factors (bcfs) were determined of six tetrachlorobenzyltoluenes (tcbts) in guppies (poecilia reticulata). bcfs and rate constants were derived by an iterative integration method. with this method bcfs and rate constants can be derived from experimental data of a bioconcentration test, even if the concentration in the water is not constant and steady state has not been reached. log bcf values of tcbts in guppies ranged from 1.67 to 2.68 l.kg-1 on a wet weight basis. t ...	1996	8920593
host response to initial and challenge infections, following treatment, of gyrodactylus bullatarudis and g. turnbulli (monogenea) on the guppy (poecilia reticulata).	the host response of poecilia reticulata peters against two species of gyrodactylus (g. bullatarudis turnbull, 1956 and g. turnbulli harris, 1986) was investigated by comparing the dynamics of infrapopulations arising from initial infections, challenge infections begun 1 day after formalin treatment of 3-day-old initial infections and challenge control infections. the primary host response of p. reticulata to gyrodactylus was shown to be non-(gyrodactylus)-species-specific. observations of diffe ...	1996	8801557
opsin sequences of the rod visual pigments in two species of poeciliid fish	the rod opsin sequences from gambusia affinis holbrooki and poecilia reticulata were cloned and sequenced. the opsin sequences were found to be 96·8% identical, reflecting the similarity of the rod visual pigment absorbances in these two poeciliid fish.	1997	9236103
redescription of camallanus cotti fujita, 1927 (nematoda: camallanidae) from hawai'i.	the freshwater fish parasite camallanus cotti fujita, 1927 (nematoda: camallanidae) is redescribed from the guppy poecilia reticulata (poeciliidae). we confirm previous reports of its occurrence in other introduced poeciliids in hawai'i, in 4 species of native hawaiian gobioid stream fishes, and in an elasmobranch, an aquarium-reared stingray potamotrygon sp. (dasyatididae) from hawai'i. because the source localities of introduced freshwater fish parasites may be far removed geographically from ...	1997	9406795
female choice for spot asymmetry in the trinidadian guppy.	the effect of spot asymmetry on female mate choice was investigated in the trinidadian guppy, poecilia reticulata. spot asymmetry arises because whole pattern elements are missing from one side or are located in a different position on either side. pairs of males were selected that differed in melanic spot asymmetry. in other respects the pair of males were matched for body size, display rate and other aspects of colour pattern. two experiments were carried out, one in which asymmetry was caused ...	1997	9794776
life-cycle of bothriocephalus claviceps, a specific parasite of eels.	the life-cycle of the tapeworm bothriocephalus claviceps (goeze, 1782) (cestoda: pseudophyllidea), a specific parasite of eels (anguilla spp.), was studied under experimental conditions. it was demonstrated that the parasite completed its development within 4 months at the temperature range of 22-24 degrees c. embryonic development was finished in 2 days at this temperature, when coracidia spontaneously hatched. the rate of their development was controlled by water temperature, with delayed form ...	1997	9271472
genomic structure and sequence of the pufferfish (fugu rubripes) growth hormone-encoding gene: a comparative analysis of teleost growth hormone genes.	a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for amplifying a fragment of the gene (gh) encoding teleost growth hormone has been developed. using this technique, a fragment of the pufferfish, fugu rubripes and arothron maculatus, dwarf gourami, colisa lalia; guppy, poecilia reticulata; and goldfish, carassius auratus gh genes were cloned. the fugu rubripes (fugu) gene fragment was used to isolate the gh gene from a fugu genomic library. the complete nucleotide sequence of a 8.5-kb saci gen ...	1997	9099882
partitioning the effects of temperature and kinematic viscosity on the c-start performance of adult fishes	temperature has been shown to have a significant effect on swimming performance in teleost fish. this thermal dependence has usually been attributed to correlated changes in muscle contractile physiology. however, the physical properties of all materials, including both water and living tissues, are profoundly affected by changes in temperature. in particular, both the kinematic viscosity of water and the flexible body dynamics of the fish (independent of muscle contractile activity) are substan ...	1998	9622576
concurrent invaders--four exotic species of monogenea now established on exotic freshwater fishes in australia.	four species of exotic monogeneans are reported from five species of exotic freshwater fish in australia: gytrodactylus bullatarudis from poecilia reticulata and xiphophorus helleri in queensland; gyrodactylus macracanthus from misgurnus anguillicaudatus in the australian capital territory; dactylogyrus extensus from cyprinus carpio in the australian capital territory; and dactylogyrus anchoratus from carassius auratus in the australian capital territory. this is the first published record of de ...	1998	9846613
experimental studies on the life-cycle of sebekia wedli (pentastomida: sebekidae).	four young nile crocodiles (crocodylus niloticus) were infected with infective pentastome larvae obtained from naturally infected mozambique bream, oreochromis mossambicus, and red-breasted bream, tilapia rendalli swierstrai in the kruger national park. at day 95 post infection one of the crocodiles died and three female and four male s. wedli were recovered from its lungs. one pair was found in copula but the uteri of the females were not yet developed. males and females were of about equal siz ...	1998	10192834
optomotor test for wavelength sensitivity in guppyfish (poecilia reticulata).	wavelength sensitivity was measured in the guppyfish by means of optomotor responses to a special apparent-motion display. a set of red and green bars appeared to humans to move to the left if red was darker than green, but to the right if red was lighter than green. at equiluminance there was no apparent motion. by noting the direction in which the fish swam to follow the stripes we were able to record equiluminance points for red, green and blue. store-bought guppies (poecilia reticulata) were ...	1998	9474374
longer-term population dynamics of gyrodactylus bullatarudis and g. turnbulli (monogenea) on adult guppies (poecilia reticulata) in 50-i experimental arenas.	two suprapopulations of monogeneans, one each of gyrodactylus bullatarudis and g. turnbulli, on two groups of ten experimentally infected adult guppies (poecilia reticulata) were maintained separately in 50.1 aquaria and monitored over 210 days. the g. bullatarudis population had a pattern of initial growth, then a subsequent decline to extinction after 40 days. g. turnbulli, after initial population growth and decline, maintained low-intensity infections (0.33-3.3 parasites/host) on six hosts o ...	1998	9766905
parasitized female guppies do not prefer showy males.	in many species male sexual characteristics are known to be affected negatively by parasites, which render their hosts unattractive to females, but how parasites affect the mating decisions of their female hosts has received little attention. the monogenean parasite gyrodactylus turnbulli reduces the sexual display and colour intensity of male guppies, poecilia reticulata, which makes them less attractive to females. here, i examine how these parasites affect the mate choice behaviour of their f ...	1999	10328800
whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss.	scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis. the results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. the triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithe ...	1999	10073310
slipped-strand mispairing at noncontiguous repeats in poecilia reticulata: a model for minisatellite birth.	the standard slipped-strand mispairing (ssm) model for the formation of variable number tandem repeats (vntrs) proposes that a few tandem repeats, produced by chance mutations, provide the "raw material" for vntr expansion. however, this model is unlikely to explain the formation of vntrs with long motifs (e.g., minisatellites), because the likelihood of a tandem repeat forming by chance decreases rapidly as the length of the repeat motif increases. phylogenetic reconstruction of the birth of a ...	2000	10880490
toxicity of euphorbia milii latex and niclosamide to snails and nontarget aquatic species.	the toxicity of euphorbia milii molluscicidal latex and niclosamide (ncl) to target snails (biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila) and nontarget aquatic organisms is evaluated. planorbidae snails were killed by very low concentrations of lyophilized latex (48-h lc(50), mg/l: b. glabrata, 0.12; b. tenagophila, 0.09; helisoma duryi, 0.10). latex was less toxic (48-h lc(50) or ec(50), mg/l) to oligochaeta (tubifex tubifex, 0.31), planktonic crustacea (daphnia similis, 0.38; c. dubia, 1 ...	2000	10903832
nonlinkage of major histocompatibility complex class i and class ii loci in bony fishes.	in tetrapods, the functional (classical) class i and class ii b loci of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are tightly linked in a single chromosomal region. in an earlier study, we demonstrated that in the zebrafish, danio rerio, order cypriniformes, the two classes are present on different chromosomes. here, we show that the situation is similar in the stickleback, gasterosteus aculeatus, order gasterosteiformes, the common guppy, poecilia reticulata, order cyprinodontiformes, and the ...	2000	10663573
the evolution of senescence in natural populations of guppies (poecilia reticulata): a comparative approach.	model organisms like drosophila melanogaster or caenorhabditis elegans have revealed genes that influence senescence and the evolvability of senescence. we are interested instead in evaluating why and how senescence evolves in natural populations. to do so, we are taking the ecological geneticist's perspective of comparing natural populations that differ in factors that are predicted to influence the evolution of senescence and are evaluating whether senescence has evolved in the predicted fashi ...	2001	11295514
evaluating the use of ram and suction during prey capture by cichlid fishes.	we characterized prey-capture strategies in seven species of cichlid fishes representing diverse trophic habits and anticipated feeding abilities. the species examined were petenia splendida, cichla ocellaris, cichlasoma minckleyi, astronotus ocellatus, crenicichla geayi, heros severus (formerly cichlasoma severum) and cyprichromis leptosoma. three individuals per species were filmed with video at 500 hz as they captured live adult artemia sp. and poecilia reticulata. for each feeding sequence, ...	2001	11551992
meiotic chromosomes and stages of sex chromosome evolution in fish: zebrafish, platyfish and guppy.	we describe sc complements and results from comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of the zebrafish danio rerio, the platyfish xiphophorus maculatus and the guppy poecilia reticulata. the three fish species represent basic steps of sex chromosome differentiation: (1) the zebrafish with an all-autosome karyotype; (2) the platyfish with genetically defined sex chromosomes but no differentiation between x and y visible in the sc or with cgh in meiotic and mitotic ...	2001	11778689
laboratory evaluation of two native fishes from tropical north queensland as biological control agents of subterranean aedes aegypti.	the ability of 2 freshwater fishes, eastern rainbow fish melanotaenia splendida splendida and fly-specked hardyhead craterocephalus stercusmuscarum stercusmuscarum, native to north queensland to prey on immature aedes aegypti was evaluated under laboratory conditions. the predation efficiency of the 2 species was compared to the exotic guppy, poecilia reticulata, which is commonly used as a biological control agent of mosquito larvae. of the 3 fish species tested, m. s. splendida was shown to be ...	2001	11480819
toxicity-based criteria for the evaluation of textile wastewater treatment efficiency.	brazilian textile mills import wastewater treatment technologies, performances of which are generally evaluated only on a physicochemical basis. thus, a battery of bioassays was used to evaluate the performance of an ozonation system to treat textile effluents. comparative toxicological profiles for bacteria (vibrio fischeri), algae (scenedesmus subspicatus), daphnia (daphnia magna), fish (poecilia reticulata), and plants (soybean--glycine max, rice--oryza sativa, and wheat--triticum aestivum), ...	2001	11345461
antiandrogenic pesticides disrupt sexual characteristics in the adult male guppy poecilia reticulata.	environmental contaminants have been identified as endocrine disruptors through their antiandrogenic activity. thus, as androgen receptor antagonists, the fungicide vinclozolin and the principal ddt metabolite p,p'-dde have been demonstrated to induce demasculinization in rats. whether this is also the case in fish remains to be demonstrated. for a period of 30 days, groups of adult male guppies were exposed to vinclozolin, p,p'-dde, or the therapeutic antiandrogen flutamide (used as positive co ...	2001	11675272
diet seasonality and food overlap among fishes of the upper orituco stream, northern venezuela.	the diets of four diurnal fish species (creagrutus bolivari, knodus deuterodonoides, knodus sp. and poecilia reticulata) were examined during a year in the orituco stream at northern venezuela. the fishes were sampled monthly from february 1991 to march 1992 (except october 1991 and february 1992) in the stream main channel with a beach seine and a cast net. diet is reported as frequency of occurrence and numeric proportion because variation in prey sizes was small. non-parametric statistical te ...	2001	11795147
rapid evolution of escape ability in trinidadian guppies (poecilia reticulata).	predators are widely assumed to create selection that shapes the evolution of prey escape abilities. however, this assumption is difficult to test directly due to the challenge of recording both predation and its evolutionary consequences in the wild. we examined these events by studying natural and experimental populations of trinidadian guppies, poecilia reticulata, which occur in distinct high-predation and low-predation environments within streams. importantly, in the last two decades severa ...	2002	12038535
behavior favoring transmission in the viviparous monogenean gyrodactylus turnbulli.	transmission by gyrodactylus turnbulli occurs most frequently when its hosts (poecilia reticulata) come into close contact. this study is the first description of a specific migratory behavior that facilitates transmission of a gyrodactylid from dead hosts. recently-dead guppies typically float at the water's surface; g. turnbulli moves off these fish into the water film, hanging motionless with the haptor held by surface tension. because guppies are surface feeders, detached parasites in the wa ...	2002	12053961
post-embryonic development of camallanus cotti (nematoda: camallanidae), with emphasis on growth of some taxonomically important somatic characters.	in this paper, the quantitative post-embryonic development of the asian freshwater fish nematode camallanus cotti fujita, 1927, is described. larval and adult morphometrics were obtained by following the parasite's life cycle experimentally using copepods macrocyclops albidus (jurine) as intermediate host and guppies poecilia reticulata (peters), southern platyfish xiphophorus maculatus (günther) and paradise fish macropodus opercularis (l.) as definitive host. additionally, adult worms were obt ...	2002	12418817
parasitic infections in live freshwater tropical fishes imported to korea.	we examined 15 species of ornamental tropical fishes originating from southeast asia to determine the cause of losses among 8 fish farms in korea. a total of 351 individuals belonging to 5 different families (1 species of characidae, 6 of cichlidae, 3 of cyprinidae, 1 of heleostomatidae, and 4 of poecilidae) were collected for the purpose of detecting metazoan and protozoan parasites. parasites were fixed and stained using routine methods, and identified. we found 3 ciliates, 2 monogeneans, 1 ne ...	2002	12542094
control of the aedes vectors of the dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti: the french polynesian experience.	in most of the 130 islands of french polynesia, the stenotopic mosquitoes aedes aegypti (the main local vector for the viruses causing dengue) and aedes polynesiensis (the main local vector of wuchereria bancrofti) share many breeding sites in water containers such as discarded cans, coconut shells, buckets and water-storage pots and drums. in addition to selective application of insecticides, non-polluting methods of controlling these mosquitoes have been evaluated during the last decade in two ...	2002	12625924
bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish.	to date, most researchers have used dietborne metal concentrations rather than daily doses to define metal exposure and this has resulted in contradictory data within and between fish species. it has also resulted in the impression that high concentrations of dietborne cu and zn (e.g. > 900 mg kg(-1) dry diet) are relatively non-toxic to fish. we re-analyzed existing data using rations and dietborne metal concentrations and used daily dose, species and life stage to define the toxicity of dietbo ...	2002	12161165
parasitic infections in freshwater ornamental fish in sri lanka.	a total of 1520 ornamental fish of 13 species from 26 export farms in sri lanka were collected between october 1999 and march 2000 and examined for parasites. fish species examined were guppy poecilia reticulata, goldfish carassius auratus, platy xiphophorus maculatus, molly poecilia sphenops, angel pterophyllum scalare, swordtail xiphophorus helleri, tetras hyphessobrycon species, barbs capeota and puntius spp., gourami colisa sp., carp cyprinus carpio, fighters betta spelendens and others (bra ...	2003	12747641
sex-biased movement in the guppy (poecilia reticulata).	the movement strategies of birds and mammals are often closely linked to their mating system, but few studies have examined the relationship between mating systems and movement in fishes. we examined the movement patterns of the guppy ( poecilia reticulata) in the arima river of trinidad and predicted that sexual asymmetry in reproductive investment would result in male-biased movement. since male guppies maximize their reproductive success by mating with as many different females as possible, t ...	2003	12856201
host specificity and population structure of two exotic helminths, camallanus cotti (nematoda) and bothriocephalus acheilognathi (cestoda), parasitizing exotic fishes in waianu stream, o'ahu, hawai'i.	introduction of exotic fishes into hawai'ian streams has resulted in the simultaneous introduction of exotic parasites. camallanus corti (nematoda) and bothricephalus acheilognathi (cestoda) are the most prevalent and abundant fish helminths in hawai'ian streams. the population structure and host specificity of c. cotti and b. acheilognathi in exotic poeciliids were examined during may and june 1995 in waianu stream, o'ahu, hawai'i. prevalence and mean abundance of c. cotti were significantly di ...	2003	12880255
multiple mating and sequential mate choice in guppies: females trade up.	the trade-up hypothesis outlines a behavioural strategy that females could use to maximize the genetic benefits to their offspring. the hypothesis proposes that females should be more willing to accept a mate when the new male encountered is a superior genetic source to previous mates. we provide a direct test of the trade-up hypothesis using guppies (poecilia reticulata), and evaluate both behavioural and paternity data. virgin female guppies were presented sequentially with two males of varyin ...	2003	12908984
cloning and tissue expression of 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase and xanthine dehydrogenase from poecilia reticulata.	guppy is a popular ornamental fish owing to its diverse body and fin coloration. more than 40 established color varieties have been selectively bred. the complementary dnas for 2 enzymes that are involved in the de novo synthesis of pteridines and purines, which are important for the production of color pigments, were cloned from the caudal fin. two cdna isoforms for 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase (ptps), with an open reading frame of 130 and 147 amino acids, respectively, were cloned from ...	2003	12925912
morphological and enzymatic correlates of aerobic and burst performance in different populations of trinidadian guppies poecilia reticulata.	we examined the mechanistic basis for two whole-animal performance traits, aerobic capacity and burst speed, in six laboratory-reared trinidadian guppy populations from different native drainages with contrasting levels of predation. using within- and between-population variation, we tested whether variation in organs and organ systems (heart, gill and swimming motor mass) and the activities of several enzymes that support locomotion (citrate synthetase, lactate dehydrogenase and myofibrillar at ...	2003	12966062
inbreeding depression and genetic load of sexually selected traits: how the guppy lost its spots.	to date, few studies have investigated the effects of inbreeding on sexually selected traits, although inbreeding depression on such traits can play an important role in the evolution and ecology of wild populations. sexually selected traits such as ornamentation and courtship behaviour may not be primary fitness characters, but selection and dominance coefficients of their mutations will resemble those of traits under natural selection. strong directional selection, for instance, through female ...	2003	14635866
marginal differentiation between the sexual and general carotenoid pigmentation of guppies (poecilia reticulata) and a possible visual explanation.	we present the first detailed analysis of carotenoid pigmentation of the integument of guppies (poecilia reticulata peters), quantifying variation in carotenoid content and composition of wild guppies from three drainages on trinidad (1) between the sexual and general pigmentation of males, (2) between the sexes, and (3) geographically in relation to carotenoid availability. we report that the carotenoid pigments in the integument of guppies are predominantly esters of tunaxanthin. the peak wave ...	2003	14988793
use of the japanese medaka (oryzias latipes) and guppy (poecilia reticulata) in carcinogenesis testing under national toxicology program protocols.	a need exists for whole animal toxicity, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis models that are alternative to the traditional rodent test models and that are economical, sensitive, and scientifically acceptable. among small fish models, the japanese medaka (oryzias latipes) is preeminent for investigating effects of carcinogenic and/or toxic waterborne hazards to humans. the guppy (poecilia reticulata), although less widely used, is valuable as a comparison species. both species are easy to maintain a ...	2003	12597435
shared and unique features of evolutionary diversification.	a fundamental question in evolutionary biology asks whether organisms experiencing similar selective pressures will evolve similar solutions or whether historical contingencies dominate the evolutionary process and yield disparate evolutionary outcomes. it is perhaps most likely that both shared selective forces as well as unique histories play key roles in the course of evolution. consequently, when multiple species face a common environmental gradient, their patterns of divergence might exhibi ...	2004	15478089
sex-specific effects of carotenoid intake on the immunological response to allografts in guppies (poecilia reticulata).	rarely are the evolutionary origins of mate preferences known, but, recently, the preference of female guppies (poecilia reticulata) for males with carotenoid-based sexual coloration has been linked to a sensory bias that may have originally evolved for detecting carotenoid-rich fruits. if carotenoids enhance the immune systems of these fishes, as has been suggested for other species, this could explain the origin of the attraction to orange fruits as well as the maintenance of the female prefer ...	2004	15002770
predation intensity does not cause microevolutionary change in maximum speed or aerobic capacity in trinidadian guppies (poecilia reticulata peters).	we measured maximal oxygen consumption (vo(2max)) and burst speed in populations of trinidadian guppies (poecilia reticulata) from contrasting high- and low-predation habitats but reared in "common garden" conditions. we tested two hypothesis: first, that predation, which causes rapid life-history evolution in guppies, also impacts locomotor physiology, and second, that trade-offs would occur between burst and aerobic performance. vo(2max) was higher than predicted from allometry, and resting vo ...	2004	15057715
development of a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic assay for fish aquareovirus based on rt-pcr.	a rapid, sensitive and highly specific detection method for aquareovirus based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed. based on multiple sequence alignment of the cloned sequences of a local isolates, the threadfin reovirus (tfv) and guppy reovirus (gpv) with grass carp reovirus (gcrv), a pair of degenerate primers was selected carefully and synthesized. using this primer combination, only one specific product, approximately 450 bp in length was obtained when r ...	2004	15081606
cryptic female preference for colorful males in guppies.	cryptic female choice (cfc) refers to female-mediated processes occurring during or after copulation that result in biased sperm use in favor of preferred or compatible males. despite recent empirical support for this hypothesis, evidence that cfc contributes towards the evolution of male body ornaments, in the same way that precopulatory female choice does, is currently lacking. here, we tested the possibility that cfc selects for increased male attractiveness in the guppy poecilia reticulata, ...	2004	15119451
multiple mating and reproductive skew in trinidadian guppies.	male offspring production in promiscuously mating species is typically more skewed than female offspring production. it is therefore advantageous for males to seek as many mating partners as possible. however, given the documented benefits of polyandry we expect females, as well as males, to mate multiply. we tested these ideas using trinidadian guppies, poecilia reticulata. fishes were collected from the wild, housed in groups of 10 males and 10 females and allowed to reproduce freely over a pe ...	2004	15293853
sexual isolation and extreme morphological divergence in the cumana guppy: a possible case of incipient speciation.	theory predicts that sexual selection can promote the evolution of reproductive isolation and speciation. those cases in which sexual selection has led to speciation should be characterized by significant differentiation in male display traits and correlated female preferences in the absence of post-zygotic isolation, accompanied by little genetic or other morphological differentiation. previous evidence indicates that a cluster of populations of the guppy (poecilia reticulata peters) from cuman ...	2004	15525409
uncoupling the links between male mating tactics and female attractiveness.	because not all females are equally attractive, and because mating reduces the chances of getting further copulations, males should prefer better-quality mates. in this paper, we use the trinidadian guppy (poecilia reticulata) to explore the effects of two non-correlated measures of female quality--size and reproductive status--on male mating decisions. all male guppies employ two alternative mating tactics. we found that large females, particularly those from a high predation site, were the tar ...	2004	15801594
social networks in the guppy (poecilia reticulata).	social network theory is used to elicit details of the social structure of a population of free-ranging guppies, poecilia reticulata. they were found to have a complex and highly structured social network, which exhibited characteristics consistent with the 'small world' phenomenon. stable partner associations between individuals were observed, a finding that fulfils the basic prerequisite for the evolution of reciprocal altruism. the findings are discussed in relation to the ecology and evoluti ...	2004	15801620
molecular and biological characterization of a cryptosporidium molnari-like isolate from a guppy (poecilia reticulata).	histological, morphological, genetic, and phylogenetic analyses of a cryptosporidium molnari-like isolate from a guppy (poecilia reticulata) identified stages consistent with those of c. molnari and revealed that c. molnari is genetically very distinct from all other species of cryptosporidium. this study represents the first genetic characterization of c. molnari.	2004	15184187
laboratory evaluation of methanolic extract of atlantia monophylla (family: rutaceae) against immature stages of mosquitoes and non-target organisms.	methanolic extracts of the leaves of atlantia monophylla (rutaceae) were evaluated for mosquitocidal activity against immature stages of three mosquito species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti in the laboratory. larvae of cx. quinquefasciatus and pupae of an. stephensi were found more susceptible, with lc50 values of 0.14 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l, respectively. insect growth regulating activity of this extract was more pronounced against ae. aegypti, with ei50 value 0.00 ...	2004	15057359
bacterial pathogens isolated from guppies (poecilia reticulata) used to control aedes aegypti in trinidad.		2004	1287947
environmental and physiological conditions affecting tetrahymena sp. infection in guppies, poecilia reticulata peters.	parasitic infections caused by tetrahymena sp. constitute a serious problem in guppies, poecilia reticulata. tetrahymena was isolated from skin lesions of naturally infected guppies in a commercial aquaculture farm, cultured in vitro and used in subsequent experimental infections. in addition to guppies, angelfish, pterophyllum scalare, platyfish, xiphophorus maculates, and neontetra, paracheirodon innesi, were susceptible, whereas tilapia (oreochromis niloticus xo. aureus) was resistant. the ci ...	2005	16266327
[content of the digestive tract of 4 authoctonous species of fishes and their implications as boiregulators of mosquito larvae in venezuela].	the content of the digestive tract of 4 authoctonous species of fishes that presented characteristics of larvivorous fishes was analyzed. it was found that 28% of the caught specimens of aequidens pulcher presented in their gastrointestinal content residues of larvae and pupae of mosquitoes combined with other food, and that 26 5 has only larvae and pupae. in aequidens coeruleopunctatus, 6 % of their content was larvae and pupae with other food, whereas 10% had only larvae and pupae. 56% of the ...	2005	17969273
detection of mycobacteria in aquarium fish in slovenia by culture and molecular methods.	thirty-five aquarium fish were investigated for the presence of mycobacteria by culture and molecular methods. the following species were examined: goldfish carassius auratus auratus, guppy poecilia reticulata, 4 three-spot gourami trichogaster trichopterus, dwarf gourami colisa lalia, siamese fighting fish betta splendens, freshwater angelfish pterophyllum scalare, african cichlid fish cichlidae spp., cichlid fish microgeophagus altispinosus, cichlid fish pseudotropheus lombardoi, blue streak h ...	2005	15900685
carotenoid availability affects the development of a colour-based mate preference and the sensory bias to which it is genetically linked.	regardless of their origins, mate preferences should, in theory, be shaped by their benefits in a mating context. here we show that the female preference for carotenoid colouration in guppies (poecilia reticulata) exhibits a phenotypically plastic response to carotenoid availability, confirming a key prediction of sexual selection theory. earlier work indicated that this mate preference is genetically linked to, and may be derived from, a sensory bias that occurs in both sexes: attraction to ora ...	2005	16191629
invasion success and genetic diversity of introduced populations of guppies poecilia reticulata in australia.	high genetic diversity is thought to characterize successful invasive species, as the potential to adapt to new environments is enhanced and inbreeding is reduced. in the last century, guppies, poecilia reticulata, repeatedly invaded streams in australia and elsewhere. quantitative genetic studies of one australian guppy population have demonstrated high additive genetic variation for autosomal and y-linked morphological traits. the combination of colonization success, high heritability of morph ...	2005	16202088
protective role of spirulina feed in a freshwater fish (poecilia reticulata peters) exposed to an azo dye-methyl red.	acute toxicity of an azo dye-methyl red (5-40 ppm) was examined under starving conditions, on two groups of poecilia reticulata--a freshwater fish, fed on different diets prior to their exposure to dye. besides natural feed, fish of group-1 also received spirulina feed for one month (feed population), whereas those of group-2 received only natural feed (non-feed population). the mortality data revealed non-feed population to be more tolerant to feed stress during acute toxicity study, whereas fe ...	2005	16359129
ntp carcinogenesis studies of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol, nitromethane, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (cas nos. 3296-90-0, 75-52-5, and 96-18-4) in guppies (poecilia reticulata) and medaka (oryzias latipes) (waterborne studies).	the ntp chose to initiate studies in fish as an exploration of alternate or additional models for examining chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity. the use of small fish species in carcinogenicity testing offered potential advantages as a bioassay test system, including significant savings in cost and time over rodent studies. large numbers of small fish could be easily maintained in a limited area. the two species chosen for study were guppy (poecilia reticulata) and medaka (oryzias latipes), bo ...	2005	16362062
larvivorous fish in wells target the malaria vector sibling species of the anopheles culicifacies complex in villages in karnataka, india.	malaria was a major problem in a sericulture area of karnataka, south india, where anopheles culicifacies s.l. and a. fluviatilis s.l. were considered to be the main vectors. sibling species complexes of these two species were analysed in three ecologically different villages. among a. culicifacies, only sibling species a and b were found. in puram, a village with 22 wells, species a predominated; species b predominated in a village with four wells and a stream, and in a village with a stream an ...	2005	15607336
countergradient variation in the sexual coloration of guppies (poecilia reticulata): drosopterin synthesis balances carotenoid availability.	trinidad guppies (poecilia reticulata) are distributed along an environmental gradient in carotenoid availability that limits the carotenoid content of the orange spots of males. the amount of synthetic red pteridines (drosopterins) in the orange spots covaries with the carotenoid content, such that the ratio of the two types of pigments is roughly conserved across streams. carotenoids and drosopterins have different spectral properties and thus the ratio of the two types of pigments affects the ...	2005	15792237
no evidence for learned mating discrimination in male drosophila pseudoobscura.	since females often pay a higher cost for heterospecific matings, mate discrimination and species recognition are driven primarily by female choice. in contrast, frequent indiscriminate matings are hypothesized to maximize male fitness. however, recent studies show that previously indiscriminate males (e.g., drosophila melanogaster and poecilia reticulata) can learn to avoid heterospecific courtship. this ability of males to discriminate against heterospecific courtship may be advantageous in po ...	2006	16824212
the evolution of senescence and post-reproductive lifespan in guppies (poecilia reticulata).	the study of post-reproductive lifespan has been of interest primarily with regard to the extended post-menopausal lifespan seen in humans. this unusual feature of human demography has been hypothesized to have evolved because of the "grandmother" effect, or the contributions that post-reproductive females make to the fitness of their children and grandchildren. while some correlative analyses of human populations support this hypothesis, few formal, experimental studies have addressed the evolu ...	2006	16363919
the relative influence of natural selection and geography on gene flow in guppies.	two general processes may influence gene flow among populations. one involves divergent selection, wherein the maladaptation of immigrants and hybrids impedes gene flow between ecological environments (i.e. ecological speciation). the other involves geographic features that limit dispersal. we determined the relative influence of these two processes in natural populations of trinidadian guppies (poecilia reticulata). if selection is important, gene flow should be reduced between different select ...	2006	16367829
larvivorous potential of fish species found in river bed pools below the major dams in sri lanka.	malaria in sri lanka is closely associated with the river systems in the country. construction of major dams across rivers has resulted in year-round pooling and anopheline mosquito breeding in river beds below the dams. this study was carried out to determine the larvivorous activity of fish found in river bed pools below the dams to identify the potential fish species for anopheline larval control in these areas. fish species in five river beds below the dams, namely, laxapana, kotmale, nilamb ...	2006	16506451
in situ and laboratory bioassays using poecilia reticulata peters, 1859 in the biomonitoring of an acidic lake at camaçari, ba, brazil.	the suitability and viability of acute in situ bioassays were investigated in the biomonitoring program of an acidic lake contaminated with sulphur residues. responses of organisms observed in laboratory and in situ bioassays were also assessed to determine whether or not they were similar and comparable, regarding accuracy and precision. newborn poecilia reticulata were employed as test organisms and exposed to the same water samples under in situ and laboratory conditions. mortality/immobility ...	2006	16546236