Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| progress report on acute mortality of channel catfish fingerlings caused by a virus. | 1968 | 5752924 | |
| channel catfish virus: a new herpesvirus of ictalurid fish. | channel catfish virus was studied in ictalurid fish cell culture, the only system of fish, amphibian, avian, and mammalian cells found to be susceptible. channel catfish virus infection resulted in intranuclear inclusions and extensive syncytium formation. replication occurred from 10 to 33 c, but not higher. best growth was from 25 to 33 c, and the amount of virus released nearly equalled the amount which remained cell-associated. the virus was labile to lipid solvents, and indirect determinati ... | 1971 | 4108571 |
| the immune response of channel catfish. i. basic responsiveness to soluble and viral antigens. | 1971 | 4330403 | |
| tissue distribution of channel catfish virus. | 1971 | 5003208 | |
| the immune response of channel catfish. i. basic responsiveness to soluble and viral antigens. | 1971 | 4361131 | |
| tetrameric immune macroglobulins in three orders of bony fishes. | the immune igm-like macroglobulins were isolated from three species of bony fishes (ictalurus punctatus, lepisosteus osseus, and polyodon spathula) representing the three orders of the subclass actinopterygii. these macroglobulins were found to have sedimentation coefficients of 14 s and molecular weights of 600,000-630,000. the carbohydrate compositions were determined and found to be different from that of human macroglobulins. after reduction and alkylation, the heavy and light chains could b ... | 1971 | 5276279 |
| receptive field mechanism in the vertebrate retina. | in the catfish retina there are two types of ganglion cells: in one type (type a cell) a spot of light at the center of its receptive field gives rise to a sustained discharge whereas an annulus gives rise to a transient response, and in the other type (type b cell) the response pattern is reversed for a spot and an annulus. current injected into the horizontal cell induces spike discharges of the ganglion cell very similar to that elicited by a spot of light or by an annulus. in both types of r ... | 1971 | 5540311 |
| effects of dietary lipids on growth, food conversion, lipid and fatty acid composition of channel catfish. | 1972 | 5066666 | |
| fish viruses: buffers and methods for plaquing eight agents under normal atmosphere. | a universal procedure was sought for plaque assay of eight fish viruses (bluegill myxovirus, channel catfish virus, eel virus, egtved virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, lymphocystis virus, and the agent of spring viremia of carp (rhabdovirus carpio), in dish cultures of various fish cells. eagle minimal essential medium with sodium bicarbonate-co(2) buffer (earle's salt solution) was compared with minimal essential medium buffered principally wi ... | 1973 | 4349252 |
| neutralization of channel catfish virus by serum of channel catfish. | 1973 | 4361506 | |
| essentiality of vitamin c in feeds for intensively fed caged channel catfish. | 1973 | 4682446 | |
| edwardsiella tarda, a new pathogen of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | edwardsiella tarda, an enteric, gram-negative bacterium, causes gas-filled, malodorous lesions in muscle tissue of channel catfish. incidence and epizootiology of the disease are presented. | 1973 | 4687066 |
| characterization of a teleost immunoglobulin: the immune macroglobulin from the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | 1973 | 4747099 | |
| absence of ascorbic acid synthesis in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus and blue catfish, ictalurus frucatus. | 1973 | 4754775 | |
| retention of salmonella typhimurium by certain species of fish and shrimp. | marine fish (mugil cephalus, fundulus heteroclitus, trachinotus carolinus), lake shrimp (penaeus setiferus), and channel catfish (ictalurus lacustris punctatus) were exposed to salmonella typhimurium and cultured after 2 hours and at daily intervals for 30 days. salmonella typhimurium was recovered from all exposed animals after 2 hours and for 30 days in all animals except p setifurus. the organisms could not be recovered from those shrimp after the initial sampling period. apparent salmonellos ... | 1975 | 1100577 |
| control of epistylis on channel catfish in raceways. | an epistylis outbreak occurred on channel catfish in raceways during two growing seasons. bioassays of potential control chemicals were conducted. based on the bioassay results, salt (nac1) plus formalin and salt alone were the most effective treatment chemicals. | 1975 | 806710 |
| identification and properties of j chain isolated from catfish macroglobulin. | after the cleavage of disulfide bonds of macroglobulin isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), an electrophoretically fast-moving polypeptide, which resembled human j chain, was released. on a sephadex g-200 column equilibrated in 5 m guanidine, the elution position of the j chain overlapped with the descending part of the l chain peak. further purification was achieved by deae ion-exchange chromatography. the isolated polypeptide, which had a molecular weight of 14,800 +/- 500, as ... | 1975 | 809510 |
| the acute toxicity of msma to black bass (micropterus dolomieu), crayfish (procambarua sp.) and channel catfish (ictalurus lacustris). | 1975 | 1174748 | |
| variation in response of channel catfish to henneguya sp. infections (protozoa: myxosporidea). | infections in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus, rafinesque) induced by the sporozoan henneguya (protozoa: myxosporidea) result in seven known and diverse disease manifestations. most outstanding is an interlamellar branchial form responsible for significant losses among immature catfish, and a unique papillomatous form. the question of whether or not the species of henneguya involved in these cases is h. exilis remains to be resolved. | 1975 | 803577 |
| necrosis and bacterial infection in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) following hypoxia. | apparently sterile lesions developed in the skin and musculature of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) six days after fish were severely stressed by an oxygen depletion associated with a phytoplankton die-off in an 8.9 ha pond. lesions were characterized by hemorrhage and necrosis. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from either the lesions ot internal organs of all moribund fish necropsied the day after lesions were first found. as the water quality improved the health of the fish improved. wa ... | 1976 | 933317 |
| ultrastructure of interlamellar henneguya exilis in the channel catfish. | ultrastructural aspects of interlamellar henneguya exilis infections in channel catfish are reported. the plasmodium wall of this form differs from that of other species in that it is composed of two outer unit membranes which give rise to a zone of numerous pinocytic canals. single-membraned canals appeared to be a stable feature of the wall while double-membraned canals are interpreted as those actively carrying out pinocytosis. evidence suggests that host cellular cytoplasm as well as interst ... | 1976 | 1003287 |
| circular dichroism of rhodopsins and porphyropsins. | circular dichroism and absorption spectra were determined for digitonin extracts of three rhodopsins: cattle, grass frog, and pigeon; and three porphyropsins: channel catfish, bluegill sunfish, and redear sunfish. a comparison of these spectra shows the following: (1) porphyropsins, like rhodopsins, exhibit two positive cd peaks in the spectral region 320--700 nm: an alpha peak at about 520 nm and a small beta peak at about 355 nm. these peaks substantially diminish upon bleaching. (2) in the cd ... | 1976 | 1083248 |
| toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids to fish. | the toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids was determined with coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch), steelhead trout (salmo gairdneri), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (icatlurus punctatus), bluegill (lepomis macrochirus), and yellow perch (perca flavescens). the 96-hour lc50's in static tests at 12 degrees c ranged from 24.6 to 114 mug/l of natural pyrethrins and from 0.110 to 1,140 mug/l of pyrethroids. two pyrethroids, ru-11679 and sbp-1382 (r), were over 10 t ... | 1976 | 5059 |
| acute toxicity of selenium dioxide to freshwater fishes. | acute toxicity tests of selenium dioxide were conducted for 96 to 336 hr in intermittent-flow bioassay systems using six species of freshwater fish. the decreasing order of species sensitivity was: fathead minnow, flagfish, brook trout, channel catfish, goldfish, and bluegil. curves relating median lethal concentration to exposure time for each species exposed for more than 168 hr were sigmoid in shape and were characterized by a change in slope indicating a more rapid mortality rate after 96 to ... | 1976 | 5060 |
| anaerobic bacteria associated with epizootics in grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and redfish (sciaenops ocellata) along the texas gulf coast. | anaerobic bacteria tentatively identified as species of catenabacterium were recovered from brain, liver, kidney and blood of fish involved in a massive epizootic of grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and redfish (sciaenops ocellata). pathogenicity was demonstrated for grey mullet (m. cephalus) and sea catfish (arius felis) but not for channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) or white mice. diseased fish were disoriented, weak and swimming at the surface of the water. thioglycolate and salt bovine blood ... | 1976 | 16498893 |
| five new species of henneguya (protozoa: myxosporida) from ictalurid fishes. | four new species of henneguya (myxosporidan) are described from ictalurus punctatus rafinesque (channel catfish). they are as follows: henneguya postexilis sp. n. and henneguya longicauda sp. n. from the gills; henneguya adiposa sp. n. from the adipose fin; and henneguya diversis sp. n. from the liver, kidney, connective tissue of muscles and fins, and tumor-like external growths. henneguya pellis sp. n. is described from the dermis of ictalurus furcatus (lesueur) (blue catfish). the development ... | 1977 | 881651 |
| supplementation of a semipurified casein diet for catfish with free amino acids and gelatin. | semipurified diets with casein as the sole protein source were supplemented with gelatin, arginine, cystine, methionine or tryptophan, and fed to channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings. increasing the arginine level from 1.1% to 1.7% of diet by the isonitrogenous substitution of gelatin for casein resulted in a significant enhancement of growth. however, the addition of free arginine, cystine, tryptophan or methionine to casein had little effect on growth or food conversion. these dat ... | 1977 | 874559 |
| tissue alkaline phosphatase activity in selected freshwater teleosts. | 1. kinetic studies of tissue alkaline phosphatase activity were carried out on eight species of teleost fishes taken from the mississippi river. 2. liver alkaline phosphatase activity expressed in mumoles of p-nitrophenol released per minute per gram of protein were as follows: micropterus salmoides, 20.31; stizostedion vitreum, 19.22; pomoxis nigromaculatus, 18.76; lepisosteus platostomus, 16.26; esox lucius, 16.14; hiodon tergisus, 13.83; ictalurus punctatus, 10.87; aplodinotus grunniens, 7.94 ... | 1978 | 318337 |
| decreased antiviral effect of phosphonoacetic acid on the poikilothermic herpesvirus of channel catfish disease. | 1978 | 213781 | |
| comparison of acute response to polychlorinated biphenyl in liver of rat and channel catfish: a biochemical and morphological study. | the acute response of liver of channel catfish and rat to polychlorinated biphenyl was compared on a structural and functional basis. both the rat and the fish had elevated microsomal enzyme activities. however, in the rat the response was quantitatively greater in all respects. morphologically, rats responded with lipid accumulation and marked increases in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. fish liver showed lipid accumulation and increased profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum with alterations in ... | 1978 | 416227 |
| population biology and behavior of larval eustrongylides tubifex (nematoda: dioctophymatida) in poikilothermous hosts. | a total of 178 channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), 162 freshwater drum (aplodinotus grunniens), 60 smallmouth bass (micropterus dolomieui) and 2,488 yellow perch (perca flavescens) were examined for larval eustrongylides tubifex (nitzsch 1819) jägerskiold 1909 during 1973 and 1974. older, large fish exhibited higher prevalence, larger mean numbers of larvae in infected fish, larger mean numbers of larvae in all fish examined, and wider range of intensity of infection. infections were most ext ... | 1978 | 627946 |
| comparative study of ultrastructure of interlamellar and intralamellar types of henneguya exilis kudo from channel catfish. | the inter- and intralamellar types of henneguya exilis kudo (myxosporida) infections from channel catfish are similar in spore structure and sporogenesis, but differ in the structure of their plasmodium wall and surface coat and in their relationship with the host cells. the 2 clinical types differ also in the sites of development and growth patterns of plasmodia within a gill filament. interlamellar plasmodia are limited by 2 outer unit membranes which give rise to both single-and double-membra ... | 1978 | 660571 |
| comparison of selected diagnostic tests for detection of motile aeromonas septicemia in fish. | cultural isolation, slide agglutination (sa), tube agglutination (ta), microagglutination (ma), and fluorescent antibody (fa) techniqes were compared as methods for detecting motile aeromonas septicemia in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). tests were conducted on naturally infected fish from feral populations and commercial sources, as well as on fish which were experimentally infected with a virulent culture of aeromonas hydrophila. increased levels of specific serum agglutinins to a hydro ... | 1978 | 697147 |
| tryptophan and threonine requirements of fingerling channel catfish. | growth studies, utilizing a 24% crude protein diet containing an amino acid pattern similar to whole egg protein, indicate that the tryptophan requirement for fingerling channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is about 0.12% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 0.5% of the dietary protein. similar studies indicate that the threonine requirement for the same fish is about 0.53% of the diet (dry weight basis) or 2.21% of the dietary protein. the dietary requirement of threonine was confirmed by serum f ... | 1978 | 702201 |
| purification of channel catfish virus, a fish herpesvirus. | channel catfish virus was highly purified from host cells by precipitation with peg-6000 and isopycnic centrifugation in a metrizamide gradient. as calculated from reconstruction experiments, only 0.09 and 0.05% respectively of the host dna and the host proteins were recovered at the position of the viral band. the final recovery of infectivity was about 30%. electron microscopy showed mostly intact viral particles. | 1978 | 743643 |
| excretion of 131i by freshwater catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus). | 1979 | 489299 | |
| henneguya adiposa minchew (myxosporida) in the channel catfish: ultrastructure of the plasmodium wall and sporogenesis. | wall ultrastructure and sporogenesis were studied in plasmodia of henneguya adiposa minchew which infects the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). plasmodia were located among connective tissue bands of the adipose fin and were always separated from host fibrocytes by collagen fibers. the plasmodium wall consisted of a single unit membrane which was continuous with numerous pinocytic canals extending into the parasite's ectoplasm. the membrane was highly convoluted, producing an ir ... | 1979 | 114629 |
| physical map of the channel catfish virus genome: location of sites for restriction endonucleases ecori, hindiii, hpai, and xbai. | the overall arrangement of nucleotide sequences in the dna of channel catfish virus has been studied by cleavage with four restriction endonucleases. physical maps have been developed for the location of sites for ecori, hindiii, hpai, and xbai. the sum of the molecular weights of fragments generated by each restriction enzyme indicates a molecular weight of approximately 86 x 10(6) for the channel catfish virus genome. fragments corresponding to the molecular ends of channel catfish virus dna h ... | 1979 | 16789182 |
| effects of hexoses on insulin biosynthesis, content, and release in channel catfish islets. | 1979 | 352794 | |
| isolation and characterization of immunoreactive somatostatin from fish pancreatic islets. | using a radioimmunoassay with labeled synthetic tetradecapeptide somatostatin, a large amount of immunoreactive somatostatin was found in the principal pancreatic islet of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctata). the purpose of these experiments was to isolate and characterize the somatostatin-like material. extracts of islets were chromatographed on a bio-gel p-30 column, and over 90% of the immunoreactive somatostatin migrated with proteins at least twice the size of synthetic tetradecapeptid ... | 1980 | 6102573 |
| channel catfish virus: physicochemical properties of the viral genome and identification of viral polypeptides. | 1980 | 6247817 | |
| secretory igm, lysozyme and lymphocytes in the skin mucus of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | 1980 | 6768604 | |
| amino acid sequence of catfish pancreatic somatostatin i. | two peptides, pancreatic somatostatins i and ii, larger and more acidic than synthetic tetradecapeptide somatostatin, have been purified from pancreatic islets of channel catfish (ictalurus punctata). these peptides have reduced immunoreactivity in a radioimmunoassay for synthetic somatostatin, but full biological activity was measured as inhibition of growth hormone released from isolated rat anterior pituitary cells. pancreatic somatostatin i is composed of 22 amino acids. eight additional ami ... | 1980 | 7358665 |
| spatial organization of catfish retinal neurons. i. single- and random-bar stimulation. | 1. receptive-field profiles of catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retinal neurons were produced by a moving single bar or a moving random grating, which was swept across the cell's receptive field at a constant speed. 2. bipolar cells form either an on- or an off-center biphasic field and are approximately linear in time and space. 3. type-c or transient cells form predominantly monotonic receptive fields. we find two subclasses, one slow and the other fast transient cells. they can be identified fun ... | 1980 | 7373358 |
| fish cell lines: establishment of a line from ovaries of channel catfish. | a cell line was established from the ovaries of a healthy, juvenile channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. these cells, designated cco, have been passed 130 times during 3 years. the cells grow well in eagle's mem-10 at a temperature of 30 degrees c. species of origin of the cells was confirmed by a cytotoxic dye exclusion test. the cells were found to be free of bacterial and fungal contamination. a study of chromosome preparations indicated that the karyotype is still in a state of flux. the cc ... | 1980 | 7390534 |
| thidiazuron uptake, distribution and metabolism in bluegills and channel catfish. | bluegills (lepomis macrochirus) exposed to 0.1 ppm of thidiazuron-14c cotton defoliant for 28 days under continuous flow conditions accumulated relatively low levels of radiocarbon. the maximum detected was 5.4 ppm in fillet tissue after 1 day. during a 14 day depuration period, radioactivity declined to 1.0 ppm or less. fractionation of offal and fillet tissues from bluegills collected at 28 days indicated that most of the radioactive material was water soluble, although appreciable amounts of ... | 1980 | 7400538 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of herpes channel catfish virus dna. | the dna of channel catfish virus (ccv) was selectively extracted from infected cells with a 5% solution of sodium deoxycholate, deproteinized using sodium sarcosinate and pronase, and purified by phenol extraction followed by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in a cesium chloride solution. ccv dna displays a buoyant density of 1.715 g/cm3 in such a solution, as would be expected from a duplex dna containing 56.1% of guanine plus cytosine. as estimated from both its sedimentation coeffi ... | 1980 | 7407702 |
| channel catfish virus: comparative replication and sensitivity of cell lines from channel catfish ovary and the brown bullhead. | a cell line derived from channel catfish ovary tissue was compared with the brown bullhead (bb) cell line for their respective abilities to replicate and detect channel catfish virus (ccv). the channel catfish ovary cell line (cco) produced cytopathic effects (cpe) more rapidly and detected ccv at higher dilutions than did the bb cell line. production of ccv was more rapid in cco cells than in bb cells, but the peak titers of the two lines were not significantly different. the cco cell line was ... | 1980 | 7411751 |
| resistance of herpes channel catfish virus (hccv) to temperature, ph, salinity and ultraviolet irradiation. | the effect of temperature, ph, salinity and ultraviolet irradiation on the infectivity of herpes channel catfish virus (hccv) has been determined. it has been shown that the ph and the culture medium is an important factor in maintaining virus infectivity. the temperatures higher than 4 degrees c rapidly inactivate the virus while this one can be grown successfully after several months of storage at -75 degrees c and at -20 degrees c. in common with other herpesviruses, hccv is quickly inactivat ... | 1980 | 7465876 |
| agglutination and bactericidal responses of the channel catfish to salmonella paratyphi. | 1981 | 7016617 | |
| apparent and true availability of amino acids from common feed ingredients for channel catfish. | the apparent and true amino acid availability values for corn, wheat middlings, rice bran, rice mill feed, soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, meat and bone meal, and two different samples of menhaden fish meal were determined in adult channel catfish. although there was reasonable agreement between protein digestibility values and average amino acid availability values, individual amino acid availabilities were variable within and among the various feed ingredients tested. therefore, we ... | 1981 | 7194902 |
| telencephalic efferents in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus: projections to the olfactory bulb and optic tectum. | telencephalic projections to the olfactory bulb and optic tectum were examined with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) methods in catfish. olfactory bulb afferents arise from the mitral cell layer of the contralateral olfactory bulb and the ipsilateral telencephalon. the majority of labelled cells appear within the ventral and dorsal nuclei of area ventralis telencephali and two divisions of the central zone of area dorsalis telencephali. excepting one division of the dorsal central zone, all afferent ... | 1981 | 7326567 |
| organochlorine insecticide concentrations in fish of the des moines river, iowa, 1977-78. | organochlorine insecticides were measured in fish of the des moines river, iowa, in 1977 and 1978 to determine whether concentrations exceeded allowable levels and to compare differences among species. significant differences in mean concentrations of dieldrin, sigma ddt, and heptachlor epoxide in whole-body samples of seven species of fish, dorosoma cepedianum, carpiodes carpio, cyprinus carpio, ictalurus punctatus, pomoxis annularis, micropterus salmoides, stizostedion vitreum, could not be ad ... | 1981 | 7312555 |
| vascular corrosion replicas of chemo-baroreceptors in fish: the carotid labyrinth in ictaluridae and clariidae. | scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion replicas and light microscopy revealed a pair of highly vascularized tissues, the carotid labyrinths, in the dorsal head region of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, the black bullhead, i. melas, and the walking catfish, clarias batrachus. the labyrinth consists of a myriad of arterioles that arise from the common carotid artery immediately distal to the origin of the common carotid from the efferent branchial (epibranchial) artery of the ... | 1981 | 7273113 |
| retinofugal pathways in juvenile and adult channel catfish, ictalurus (ameiurus) punctatus: an hrp and autoradiographic study. | the retinal projections of the juvenile and adult channel catfish, ictalurus (ameiurus) punctatus, were studied by using horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and autoradiography. the contralateral optic tract sends fibers to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) and divides into lateral (lot) and medial optic tracts (mot). in the adult fish, the former is thicker than the latter, whereas in the juvenile form, the reverse is true. the mot curves laterally and divides into eight to 15 medial fascicles of the ... | 1982 | 7130469 |
| isolation and characterization of edwardsiella tarda from fall chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha). | a new bacterial pathogen of chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was isolated from fish in oregon's rogue river. the bacteria are biochemically and serologically related to strains of edwardsiella tarda. initially isolated from chinook salmon, the bacteria were also pathogenic for steelhead and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). the 50% lethal doses for chinook salmon, steelhead trout, and channel catfish injected intraperitoneally and maintained in ... | 1982 | 7103490 |
| alternate pathway of complement and bactericidal response of the channel catfish to salmonella paratyphi. | fresh channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) serum from unimmunized catfish exhibited 100% bactericidal activity against salmonella paratyphi. components responsible for bactericidal activity could be absorbed from the fresh catfish serum with s. paratyphi. the bactericidal system of the fresh catfish serum showed a need for magnesium rather than for calcium after edta treatment. the addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classic ... | 1982 | 6802686 |
| sublethal copper stress and susceptibility of channel catfish to experimental infections with ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | 1982 | 6809081 | |
| bactericidal serum response of the channel catfish against gram-negative bacteria. | 1982 | 6813155 | |
| biochemical studies of taste sensation: monoclonal antibody against l-alanine binding activity of catfish taste epithelium. | the l-alanine taste receptors of the channel catfish ictalurus punctatus provide a useful biochemical model for studying taste receptor mechanisms. mouse hybridomas that synthesize monoclonal antibodies have been produced. the antigen used to activate mouse spleen cells was the plasma membrane fraction obtained from the taste receptor-containing epithelium of the channel catfish. the spleen cells were fused with myeloma cells, sp2/0-ag14, to form hybridomas. to demonstrate inhibition of ligand b ... | 1982 | 6961436 |
| the structure of cloned dna complementary to catfish pancreatic somatostatin-14 messenger rna. | pancreatic poly(a) rna isolated from the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) was enriched for sequences corresponding to somatostatin mrna on isokinetic sucrose gradients. double-stranded cdna was synthesized and inserted into the pst i site pbr322 via the poly(dg) . poly(dc) tailing method. escherichia coli was transformed with this dna, and colonies containing somatostatin cdna sequences were identified by hybridization using a primer-extended somatostatin cdna. the somatostatin cdna was obt ... | 1982 | 6179939 |
| "endless" viral dna in cells infected with channel catfish virus. | the state of intracellular viral dna in cells infected with channel catfish virus has been studied by the hirt selective extraction procedure and by restriction endonuclease digestion. the sedimentation properties and restriction patterns of viral dna in the hirt supernatant fraction indicate that the majority, if not all, of the dna is in the form of linear unit-length (mr approximately equal to 85 x 10(6)) molecules. however, restriction digests of viral dna in the pellet fraction lacked two f ... | 1983 | 6302310 |
| corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate endocrine pancreas. | the light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) is described in the endocrine pancreas of several species representing the major classes of vertebrates: fishes (channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus), amphibians (african clawed toad, xenopus laevis), reptiles (chameleon, anolis carolinensis), birds (chicken, gallus domesticus), and several mammals (rat, mouse, cat, rhesus monkey, and man). the crf-containing cells are scattered over the entire islet t ... | 1983 | 6340106 |
| toxicity of selected priority pollutants to various aquatic organisms. | toxicity tests were conducted with selected compounds listed by the united states environmental protection agency (epa) as priority pollutants. acute toxicity information was determined for acenaphthene, arsenic trioxide, cadmium chloride, mercury(ii) chloride, silver nitrate, chlordane, endosulfan, and heptachlor. acute tests were conducted using one or more of the following species: fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), b ... | 1983 | 6617566 |
| in vitro antiviral effect of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine on the fish herpesvirus, oncorhynchus masou virus (omv). | the antiviral activity of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (acyclovir, acv) on the salmon herpesvirus, oncorhynchus masou virus (omv), was studied in vitro. acv showed high efficacy against the fish herpesvirus omv, herpesvirus salmonis and channel catfish virus (ccv). cytopathic effect (cpe) induced by 100 tcid50/ml of omv in rainbow trout gonad (rtg-2) cells was inhibited by 2.5 micrograms/ml of acv. acv was more effective than other compounds such as 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a), ... | 1983 | 6625561 |
| characterization of immunoglobulins from the brown bullhead (ictalurus nebulosus) produced against a naturally occurring bacterial pathogen, aeromonas hydrophila. | the primary immune response in the brown bullhead (ictalurus nebulosus) to intramuscularly injected, chloroform-killed aeromonas hydrophila reached an agglutination titer of 128 in 3 wk, and the response to the bacteria plus adjuvant reached a titer of 512 in 5 wk. anti-aeromonas hydrophila antibodies from brown bullheads were excluded from sephadex g-200 and had an immunoelectrophoretic migration pattern toward the cathode. cleavage of the macromolecule by 2-me reduction and iodoacetamide alkyl ... | 1983 | 6642044 |
| the ipsilateral retinotectal projection in normal and albino channel catfish. | the retinal projection to the ipsilateral optic tectum was examined first in normal channel catfish. after unilateral optic nerve section and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) application, a sparse retinal projection was seen in the ipsilateral optic tectum. when hrp was applied to the ipsilateral rostral tectum, labeled ganglion cells were observed in the ventrotemporal quadrant of the ipsilateral eye. electrophysiological mapping of the ipsilateral projection confirmed that cells in the temporal re ... | 1983 | 6856199 |
| regional difference in density of monoamine-accumulating cells of carp and catfish retinas. | by means of a histofluorescence technique, a comparative study was conducted on the regional density of dopaminergic (da) and indoleamine-accumulating (ia) cells in carp (cyprinus carpio) and catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retinas. in order to enhance detection of fluorescent cells, noradrenaline (na; 5.0 micrograms) or a mixture of na (2.5 micrograms) and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-dht; 2.5 micrograms) was intravitreally injected into the eyes 2-3 hr before enucleation. da and ia cells were co ... | 1983 | 6842627 |
| three distinct morphological classes of receptors in fish olfactory organs. | three morphologically distinct classes of receptor-neurons are proposed: (1) type i ciliar cells, (2) microvillar cells and (3) type ii ciliar cells. retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase by axons in the olfactory nerve to the olfactory organs of goldfish (carassius auratus) and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) provided evidence that these axon-bearing cells are present in the organs of both species. goldfish olfactory organs were also studied with scanning electron microscopy, dis ... | 1984 | 6199384 |
| nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish (ictalurus punctatus). i. optimum requirements for target cell lysis. | nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) obtained from the head (anterior) kidney of fish (ictalurus punctatus) lyse human transformed b-cell targets. lysis depended on direct cell-cell contact. fish size, age, environmental holding temperatures, and lytic reaction conditions such as osmolality and optimum effector:target cell ratios were optimized. experiments to characterize optimum kinetics demonstrated highly efficient killing after two hours incubation. this rapid cytolysis was further studied by ... | 1984 | 6734870 |
| influence of edwardsiella ictaluri septicemia on nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | 1984 | 6743856 | |
| effects of dopamine on photopic l-type s-potentials in the catfish retina. | photopic l-type responses were recorded from the soma and the axon terminal of horizontal cells of the catfish (ictalurus punctatus) retina in eye-cup preparations. the responses were produced by a spot of light with 100-micron diameter (intensity, 10 microw/cm2), which was flashed or steadily illuminated and swept along a 6-mm length over the retinal surface at a speed of 0.95 mm/sec. in some experiments, a traveling random bar stimulus was used instead of the sweeping spot. while recording the ... | 1984 | 6748110 |
| immunoglobulin light chain classes in a teleost fish. | analysis of predominant, approximately 700,000 dalton serum antibody (ab) of the channel catfish by sds-page revealed only one molecular mass species of heavy (h) chain (approximately 70,000 daltons), whereas a marked heterogeneity in the relative mobilities of the light (l) chains was evident. three molecular mass l chain variants of approximately 26,000, approximately 24,000, and approximately 22,000 daltons were observed. the relationships between the l chain variants were not clear until mou ... | 1984 | 6421929 |
| characteristics of a new reovirus from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | the characteristics of a reovirus (crv) recently isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were examined following purification of virions from infected cell cultures. virions had double capsids, the inner and outer with diameters of 55 nm and 75 nm respectively. complete virions had a density of 1.36 g/ml in cscl gradients and contained seven polypeptides of 132 000, 130 000, 110 000, 68 000, 56 000, 43 000 and 32 000 mol. wt. the nucleic acid labelled with [5-3h]uridine had a density ... | 1984 | 6470683 |
| immunoregulation of fish nonspecific cytotoxic cell activity by retinolacetate but not poly i:c. | nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) from fish (ictalurus punctatus) were treated with different concentrations of retinolacetate and poly i:c. both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. retinolacetate significantly increased ncc activity against chromium-51 labeled human b-cell lymphoma target cells (nc-37). preincubation (treatment prior to adding the labeled target cells) of ncc for 4 to 8 h in 10(-3) to 10(-12) m concentration of retinolacetate produced significant increases in ncc a ... | 1984 | 6499409 |
| effects of background and spatial pattern on incremental sensitivity of catfish horizontal cells. | incremental sensitivity of cones and horizontal cells was examined in the retina of the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). in horizontal cells, steady full-field background illumination made the spot-evoked dynamic response larger and faster. the "enhancement" of incremental sensitivity was maximal at background levels of 20-50 microw/cm2. similar changes in response were obtained by enlarging the diameter of the test spot (to 4 mm) without background illumination. in cones, no such enhancem ... | 1984 | 6523743 |
| pathology associated with a natural edwardsiella ictaluri infection in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque). | 1984 | 6530729 | |
| nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish (ictalurus punctatus). ii. parameters of target cell lysis and specificity. | fish nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) lyse various transformed human b-cells (nc-37, p3hr-1) and erythroblastoid cells (k562) as well as mouse yac-1 and p815 cells. highest ncc activity was found in the anterior (head) kidney, but spleen cells and peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) also demonstrated cytolytic abilities. lysis of chromium-51 labeled target cells occurred rapidly and optimum cytolysis developed at either 16 degrees c or 26 degrees c incubation temperatures. preincubation at temper ... | 1984 | 6203780 |
| microsystem for in vitro primary and secondary immunization of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) leukocytes with hapten-carrier conjugates. | methods are described for the in vitro generation and detection of antibody-secreting cells (pfc) from channel catfish. hapten-specific pfc can readily be enumerated by an indirect plaque assay employing rabbit antiserum to catfish ig and guinea pig complement. a modified mishell-dutton-type culture system was developed for effectively generating significant in vitro anti-hapten pfc responses with catfish leukocytes at 27 degrees c. the classical hapten-carrier effect and primary responses to bo ... | 1984 | 6206160 |
| elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid increase immune responses in channel catfish. | channel catfish fingerlings were fed purified diets containing 0 to 3000 mg/kg of ascorbic acid until external signs of scurvy were seen in the fish fed the ascorbic acid-deficient diet. at this time, resistance to bacterial infection, antibody production, complement activity and phagocytic activity were assessed for fish from the various dietary treatments. mortality rates of fish experimentally infected with edwardsiella ictaluri, the bacterium causing enteric septicemia in channel catfish, de ... | 1985 | 3965664 |
| growth of brown bullhead (bb) and other fish cell lines on microcarriers and the production of channel catfish virus (ccv). | the growth of brown bullhead (bb) fish cells and other poikilothermic cell lines on four commercially available brands of microcarrier beads was evaluated. three of the microcarriers carry a positive surface charge, while the fourth carries a negative surface charge. the four microcarriers vary in their capacity to support the growth of the bb cells and other poikilothermic cell lines tested. the polyacrylamide beads by bio-rad and the polystyrene beads by nunc were found to best support the gro ... | 1985 | 3980665 |
| chemiluminescence by peripheral blood phagocytes from channel catfish: function of opsonin and temperature. | the ability of the peripheral blood phagocytes from channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, to produce chemiluminescence (cl) following ingestion of the enteric pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri was evaluated under a variety of opsonic and temperature conditions. the cl response was influenced by the concentration of immune serum used to opsonize the bacteria as well as the presence of nonspecific, heat labile opsonins. peak light emissions were diminished and the time to peak response was increased ... | 1985 | 4018342 |
| covalent structure and affinity of channel catfish anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies. | serum antibody (ab) of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, is predominantly a tetrameric, approximately 700,000-dalton protein. this tetrameric ab dissociates into 8 distinctive subpopulations, each composed of equimolar heavy and light chains, when in the presence of denaturing solvents. the present studies utilizing purified anti-dnp abs obtained from catfish monitored for either short (1-2 months) or long (1-2 years) periods post-primary immunization with dinitrophenylated horse serum album ... | 1985 | 4047045 |
| mobilization and activation of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) in the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) infected with ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | channel catfish demonstrate a shift in the tissue distribution of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) when infected with the protozoan parasite, ichthyophthirius multifiliis. ncc, isolated from head kidney (hk) tissues (hemopoietic organ) or peripheral blood leukocytes, were assessed for cytotoxic activity against nc-37 (a transformed mammalian cell line). ncc activity from hk tissue of moribund i. multifiliis-infected fish was depressed compared to hk-ncc activity in uninfected or i. multifillis- ... | 1985 | 4064624 |
| nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish (ictalurus punctatus). v. metabolic requirements of lysis. | the mechanisms of lysis of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) from the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were studied by determining the effects of various inhibitors of cellular metabolism on cytolysis of nc-37 human lymphoma target cells. inhibition of ncc-mediated lysis by dinitrophenol (dnp) and sodium azide (nan3) indicated a requirement for cellular energy metabolism. cytochalasin b, an inhibitor of microfilaments, and monensin, an inhibitor of cellular secretion, both prevented lysis b ... | 1985 | 3926551 |
| [ambiphyra ameiuri--a dangerous parasite of ictalurus punctatus rafinesque]. | a description of the ectoparasitic ciliate of the channel catfish ictalurus punctatus, ambiphrya ameiuri, is given. various medicinal preparations were tested in order to control a. ameiuri. potassium permanganate in the dose of 10 g/m3 for 1 hour is most effective. | 1985 | 3937119 |
| antiprotozoan activity of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) from the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | nonspecific cytotoxic cells (ncc) obtained from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) kill tetrahymena pyriformis, an opportunistic parasite in fish. based upon this fact, a new mechanism for nonspecific cellular anti-parasitic immunity in fish is proposed. optimum in vitro conditions for ncc killing of deciliated t. pyriformis were first obtained. lysis of t. pyriformis by ncc occurred by 10 hr of cocultivation of effector and target cells. during this time period, 50 to 60% cytotoxicity occurr ... | 1985 | 2578055 |
| in vitro effect of acyclovir and other antiherpetic compounds on the replication of channel catfish virus. | the antiviral effect of acyclovir (acv; 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine) on the replication of channel catfish virus (ccv), a poikilothermic herpesvirus, in brown bullhead cells (bb) was studied in vitro. acyclovir at concentrations of 2 microm and 10 microm produced a 95 to 99% reduction in plaque numbers, respectively. at 10 microm acv did not affect the growth of uninfected bb cells which could even be subcultured for four passages in the presence of the inhibitor. to be effective acv had to ... | 1985 | 2932997 |
| optimization of conditions for production of channel catfish ovary cells and channel catfish virus dna. | medium supplements were examined for their effect on the growth of channel catfish ovary cells. it was found that the usual serum supplement of 10% fetal calf serum could be successfully replaced with a combination of 5% fetal calf serum and a mixture of insulin, transferrin, and selenous acid. it was also found that these cells could be grown in a more efficient manner on microcarrier beads. this type of culture produced 14 times the number of cells per milliliter of total medium used compared ... | 1985 | 16346776 |
| channel catfish virus: use of nucleic acids in studying viral relationships. | restriction digestion patterns were used to determine differences in the dna of various isolates of channel catfish virus (ccv). all viruses were different from each other and from the type strain of ccv. the differences in the digestion patterns were used to relate the viruses quantitatively as to sequence divergence between all pairs of viruses. a range of values from 104 nucleotide changes to 1,690 nucleotide changes/total dna of ccv was found for the various pairs. a cladistic analysis produ ... | 1986 | 3021032 |
| antimicrobials and fish: a review of drugs used to treat bacterial diseases of channel catfish and rainbow trout. | the principal bacterial diseases of cultured rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and the antibacterials used in their treatment are briefly reviewed. gram-negative bacteria predominate, and oxytetracycline is effective in treatment of infections induced by them. the only antibacterials now registered by the us food and drug administration are sulfamerazine for the treatment of furunculosis in trout, and oxytetracycline for the treatment of furunculosis in s ... | 1986 | 3334692 |
| preferential expression of catfish light chain immunoglobulin isotypes in anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies. | previous studies indicated that immunoglobulins of the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, contained two distinct isotypes of light chains. these different light chains, designated f and g, are reminiscent of kappa and lambda light chains of higher animals. this study was undertaken to establish whether or not there was preferential expression of one of the light chains in antibodies induced to the dinitrophenyl moiety during the course of the catfish humoral antibody response. the results ind ... | 1986 | 3091701 |
| henneguya exilis kudo associated with granulomatous branchitis of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque). | outbreaks of a chronic branchitis in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque) were observed on four fish farms throughout the state of california from november 1982 to april 1984. severe granulomatous inflammation of the gill filaments with necrosis of the cartilage of the gill ray and diffuse epithelial hyperplasia, resulting in extensive fusion of gill lamellae, was present on histologic examination of gill specimens from 35 out of 44 fish examined. numerous, small trophozoites morphol ... | 1986 | 3092431 |
| isolation and molecular weight determination of two immunoglobulin heavy chains in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), a teleost fish, were immunized over a 4 month period with 4 intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin (bsa) in freund's adjuvant. the catfish anti-bsa antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). by elution of catfish anti-bsa antibody from bsa-affinity columns with 3.0 m kscn and subsequent sds-page, two immunoglobulin heavy chains were demonstrated in the c ... | 1986 | 3095021 |
| abnormal folate metabolism in feed-related anemia of cultured channel catfish. | "no-blood disease" is a severe, feed-related anemia of channel catfish. pathological features in advanced cases include almost total absence of circulating red blood cells, hepatic fatty change, megaloblastic arrest of hematopoiesis, and intussusceptions of the small intestine. in view of similarities to folate deficiency in man studies were made regarding the intake and metabolism of folic acid. when a bacterial culture medium, containing inorganic salts and folic acid as the sole carbon source ... | 1986 | 3945624 |
| transition metal-binding proteins from three chesapeake bay fish species. | three species of chesapeake bay fish were collected, and endogenous levels of metal binding protein (mbp) were determined. in addition, the induction of metal-binding proteins by cadmium was studied. livers from freshly caught fish were extracted and chromatographed on sephadex g-75 to resolve mbp in the 5 to 20 kdalton range. all species studied exhibit measurable but varied levels of endogenous mbps in the molecular weight range investigated, mostly as a copper protein complex. upon induction ... | 1986 | 3709435 |
| heterogeneity and structure of brain tubulins from cold-adapted antarctic fishes. comparison to brain tubulins from a temperate fish and a mammal. | tubulins purified from brain tissue of antarctic fishes assemble in vitro to form microtubules at the low temperatures experienced by these extreme psychrophiles (williams, r. c., jr., correia, j. j., and devries, a. l. (1985) biochemistry 24, 2790-2798). we have initiated studies to determine the structural requirements for assembly of antarctic fish tubulins at low temperatures. as a first step we have compared the heterogeneity, structures, amino acid compositions, and net charge of brain tub ... | 1986 | 3733739 |
| responses to reversed nh3 and nh4+ gradients in a teleost (ictalurus punctatus), an elasmobranch (raja erinacea), and a crustacean (callinectes sapidus):evidence for nh4+/h+ exchange in the teleost and the elasmobranch. | ammonia excretion rates of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, little skate (raja erinacea), and blue crab (callinectes sapidus) were measured in experimental regimes which permitted simultaneous assessment of the partial pressure gradients for nonionized nh3 and the chemical concentration gradients of nh4+. under conditions of low external ammonia, the average ammonia excretion was +295 microm kg-1 h-1 for catfish, +149 microm kg-1 h-1 for blue crabs, and +59 microm kg-1 h1 for skates with pa ... | 1986 | 3746231 |
| influence of route of administration on the humoral response of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) to yersinia ruckeri. | channel catfish were inoculated intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or intraesophageally with yersinia ruckeri. three antigen doses were administered by each route of injection. four fish from each treatment were sacrificed at 5-day intervals for 40 days. serum from each individual was tested for antibody activity against y. ruckeri by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). high titers of anti-y. ruckeri antibody were elicited by all doses (10(5) to 10(9) cells/g of fish) regardless ... | 1986 | 3765339 |
| modulary effects of temperature on antibody response and specific resistance to challenge of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, immunized against edwardsiella ictaluri. | the effects of various temperature treatments on the level of the humoral antibody response in channel catfish immunized with formalin killed edwardsiella ictaluri was determined in laboratory controlled experiments. immunized fish that were held at 25 degrees c for 30 days and 12 degrees c for an additional 30 days had higher antibody titers, and were more protected upon challenge, than immunized fish held at 25 degrees c for 60 days. also immunized catfish held at 25 degrees c for 5 or 10 days ... | 1986 | 3765350 |