Publications

antiviral defense mechanisms in honey bees.	honey bees are significant pollinators of agricultural crops and other important plant species. high annual losses of honey bee colonies in north america and in some parts of europe have profound ecological and economic implications. colony losses have been attributed to multiple factors including rna viruses, thus understanding bee antiviral defense mechanisms may result in the development of strategies that mitigate colony losses. honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms include rna-interference ...	0	26273564
effect of honey bee venom on lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model for multiple sclerosis.	multiple sclerosis (ms) is a progressive and autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (cns). this disease is recognized through symptoms like inflammation, demyelination and the destruction of neurological actions. experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is a widely accepted animal model for ms. eae is created in animals by injecting the tissue of myelin basic protein (mbp), cns, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) along with the adjuvant. eae and ms are ...	0	24250492
decapitation improves detection of wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes by the polymerase chain reaction.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is often used to detect microorganisms, pathogens, or both, including the reproductive parasite wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), in mosquitoes. natural populations of culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes are infected with one or more strains of w. pipientis, and crosses between mosquitoes harboring different wolbachia strains provide one of the best-known examples of cytoplasmic incompatibililty (ci). when we used pcr to monitor wo ...	0	23025192
regulation of behaviorally associated gene networks in worker honey bee ovaries.	several lines of evidence support genetic links between ovary size and division of labor in worker honey bees. however, it is largely unknown how ovaries influence behavior. to address this question, we first performed transcriptional profiling on worker ovaries from two genotypes that differ in social behavior and ovary size. then, we contrasted the differentially expressed ovarian genes with six sets of available brain transcriptomes. finally, we probed behavior-related candidate gene networks ...	0	22162860
sweetness and light: illuminating the honey bee genome.		0	17069628
developing antibodies from cholinesterase derived from prokaryotic expression and testing their feasibility for detecting immunogen content in daphnia magna.	to yield cholinesterase (che) from prokaryotic expression, the che gene that belongs to daphnia magna was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using forward primer 5'-cccyggngcsat gatgtg-3' and reverse primer 5'-gyaagttrgcccaatatct-3'. to express the gene, one sequence of the amplified dna, which was able to encode a putative protein containing two conserved carboxylesterase domains, was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector pet-29a(+). the recombinant v ...	0	26834012
8. the development and evolution of division of labor and foraging specialization in a social insect (apis mellifera l.).	how does complex social behavior evolve? what are the developmental building blocks of division of labor and specialization, the hallmarks of insect societies? studies have revealed the developmental origins in the evolution of division of labor and specialization in foraging worker honeybees, the hallmarks of complex insect societies. selective breeding for a single social trait, the amount of surplus pollen stored in the nest (pollen hoarding) revealed a phenotypic architecture of correlated t ...	0	16860670
towards abolition of immunogenic structures in insect cells: characterization of a honey-bee (apis mellifera) multi-gene family reveals both an allergy-related core alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase and the first insect lewis-histo-blood-group-related antigen-synthesizing enzyme.	glycoproteins from honey-bee (apis mellifera), such as phospholipase a2 and hyaluronidase, are well-known major bee-venom allergens. they carry n-linked oligosaccharide structures with two types of alpha1,3-fucosylation: the modification by alpha1,3-fucose of the innermost core glcnac, which constitutes an epitope recognized by ige from some bee-venom-allergic patients, and an antennal lewis-like galnacbeta1,4(fucalpha1,3)glcnac moiety. we now report the cloning and expression of two cdnas encod ...	0	17029591
comparative analysis of nuclear trna genes of nasonia vitripennis and other arthropods, and relationships to codon usage bias.	using bioinformatics methods, we identified a total of 221 and 199 trna genes in the nuclear genomes of nasonia vitripennis and honey bee (apis mellifera), respectively. we performed comparative analyses of nasonia trna genes with honey bee and other selected insects to understand genomic distribution, sequence evolution and relationship of trna copy number with codon usage patterns. many trna genes are located physically close to each other in the form of small clusters in the nasonia genome. h ...	0	20167017
immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees apis mellifera.	social insects are able to mount both group-level and individual defences against pathogens. here we focus on individual defences, by presenting a genome-wide analysis of immunity in a social insect, the honey bee apis mellifera. we present honey bee models for each of four signalling pathways associated with immunity, identifying plausible orthologues for nearly all predicted pathway members. when compared to the sequenced drosophila and anopheles genomes, honey bees possess roughly one-third a ...	0	17069638
expression of insulin pathway genes during the period of caste determination in the honey bee, apis mellifera.	female honeybees have two castes, queens and workers. developmental fate is determined by larval diet. coding sequences made available through the honey bee genome sequencing consortium allow for a pathway-based approach to understanding caste determination. we examined the expression of several genes of the insulin signalling pathway, which is central to regulation of growth based on nutrition. we found one insulin-like peptide expressed at very high levels in queen but not worker larvae. also, ...	0	17069635
quantification of ortholog losses in insects and vertebrates.	the increasing number of sequenced insect and vertebrate genomes of variable divergence enables refined comparative analyses to quantify the major modes of animal genome evolution and allows tracing of gene genealogy (orthology) and pinpointing of gene extinctions (losses), which can reveal lineage-specific traits.	0	18021399
ageing in a eusocial insect: molecular and physiological characteristics of life span plasticity in the honey bee.	commonly held views assume that ageing, or senescence, represents an inevitable, passive, and random decline in function that is strongly linked to chronological age. in recent years, genetic intervention of life span regulating pathways, for example, in drosophila as well as case studies in non-classical animal models, have provided compelling evidence to challenge these views.rather than comprehensively revisiting studies on the established genetic model systems of ageing, we here focus on an ...	0	18728759
genome-wide comparison of genes involved in the biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling of juvenile hormone between silkworm and other insects.	juvenile hormone (jh) contributes to the regulation of larval molting and metamorphosis in insects. herein, we comprehensively identified 55 genes involved in jh biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling in the silkworm (bombyx mori) as well as 35 in drosophila melanogaster, 35 in anopheles gambiae, 36 in apis mellifera, 47 in tribolium castaneum, and 44 in danaus plexippus. comparative analysis showed that each gene involved in the early steps of the mevalonate (mva) pathway, in the neuropeptide r ...	0	25071411
a vitellogenin polyserine cleavage site: highly disordered conformation protected from proteolysis by phosphorylation.	vitellogenin (vg) is an egg-yolk precursor protein in most oviparous species. in honeybee (apis mellifera), the protein (amvg) also affects social behavior and life-span plasticity. despite its manifold functions, the amvg molecule remains poorly understood. the subject of our structure-oriented amvg study is its polyserine tract - a little-investigated repetitive protein segment mostly found in insects. we previously reported that amvg is tissue specifically cleaved in the vicinity of this trac ...	0	22573762
screening of uruguayan plants for deterrent activity against insects.	we evaluated the anti-insectan activity of extracts from different vegetative parts of ten plant species native to uruguay. the selected plants belong to five families: bignoniaceae: clytostoma callistegioides, dolichandra cynanchoides, macfadyena unguis-cati; sapindaceae: dodonaea viscosa, allophylus edulis, serjania meridionalis; lamiaceae: salvia procurrens, salvia guaranitica; solanaceae: lycium cestroides; and phytolaccaceae: phytolacca dioica. the extracts were evaluated in independent bio ...	0	20046902
cpg methylation in the hexamerin 110 gene in the european honeybee, apis mellifera.	the european honeybee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), has a full set of machinery for functional cpg methylation of its genome. a recent study demonstrated that dna methylation in the honeybee is involved in caste differentiation. in this study, the expression and methylation of the hexamerin 110 gene (hex110), which encodes a storage protein, was analyzed. high levels of the hex110 transcript were expressed in both worker and queen larvae. low levels of this transcript were also detec ...	0	21870982
evidence for deep regulatory similarities in early developmental programs across highly diverged insects.	many genes familiar from drosophila development, such as the so-called gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes, play important roles in the development of other insects and in many cases appear to be deployed in a similar fashion, despite the fact that drosophila-like "long germband" development is highly derived and confined to a subset of insect families. whether or not these similarities extend to the regulatory level is unknown. identification of regulatory regions beyond the well-studied ...	0	25173756
the power and promise of applying genomics to honey bee health.	new genomic tools and resources are now being used to both understand honey bee health and develop tools to better manage it. here, we describe the use of genomic approaches to identify and characterize bee parasites and pathogens, examine interactions among these parasites and pathogens, between them and their bee hosts, and to identify genetic markers for improved breeding of more resilient bee stocks. we also discuss several new genomic techniques that can be used to more efficiently study, m ...	0	26273565
genomic analysis in the sting-2 quantitative trait locus for defensive behavior in the honey bee, apis mellifera.	we have sequenced an 81-kb genomic region from the honey bee, apis mellifera, associated with a quantitative trait locus (qtl) sting-2 for aggressive behavior. this sequence represents the first extensive study of the honey-bee genome structure encompassing putative genes in a qtl for a behavioral trait. expression of 13 putative genes, as well as two transcripts that were present in a honey-bee est database, was confirmed through reverse transcription analysis of mrna from the honey-bee head. w ...	0	14656966
annotated expressed sequence tags and cdna microarrays for studies of brain and behavior in the honey bee.	to accelerate the molecular analysis of behavior in the honey bee (apis mellifera), we created expressed sequence tag (est) and cdna microarray resources for the bee brain. over 20,000 cdna clones were partially sequenced from a normalized (and subsequently subtracted) library generated from adult a. mellifera brains. these sequences were processed to identify 15,311 high-quality ests representing 8912 putative transcripts. putative transcripts were functionally annotated (using the gene ontolog ...	0	11932240
selenoproteinless animals: selenophosphate synthetase sps1 functions in a pathway unrelated to selenocysteine biosynthesis.	proteins containing the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (sec), have been described in all three domains of life, but the composition of selenoproteomes in organisms varies significantly. here, we report that aquatic arthropods possess many selenoproteins also detected in other animals and unicellular eukaryotes, and that most of these proteins were either lost or replaced with cysteine-containing homologs in insects. as a result of this selective selenoproteome reduction, fruit flies and mosquit ...	0	18156471
insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee apis mellifera.	here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the a. mellifera genome has high a+t and cpg contents, lacks major transposon families, evolves more slowly, and is more similar to vertebrates for circadian rhythm, rna interference and dna methylation genes, among others. furthermore, a. mellifera has fewer genes for innate immunity, detoxification ...	0	17073008
activity-dependent gene expression in honey bee mushroom bodies in response to orientation flight.	the natural history of adult worker honey bees (apis mellifera) provides an opportunity to study the molecular basis of learning in an ecological context. foragers must learn to navigate between the hive and floral locations that may be up to miles away. young pre-foragers prepare for this task by performing orientation flights near the hive, during which they begin to learn navigational cues such as the appearance of the hive, the position of landmarks, and the movement of the sun. despite well ...	0	23678099
computational and transcriptional evidence for micrornas in the honey bee genome.	non-coding micrornas (mirnas) are key regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. insect mirnas help regulate the levels of proteins involved with development, metabolism, and other life history traits. the recently sequenced honey bee genome provides an opportunity to detect novel mirnas in both this species and others, and to begin to infer the roles of mirnas in honey bee development.	0	17543122
eph receptor and ephrin signaling in developing and adult brain of the honeybee (apis mellifera).	roles for eph receptor tyrosine kinase and ephrin signaling in vertebrate brain development are well established. their involvement in the modulation of mammalian synaptic structure and physiology is also emerging. however, less is known of their effects on brain development and their function in adult invertebrate nervous systems. here, we report on the characterization of eph receptor and ephrin orthologs in the honeybee, apis mellifera (am), and their role in learning and memory. in situ hybr ...	0	17443785
the habitat disruption induces immune-suppression and oxidative stress in honey bees.	the honey bee is a major insect used for pollination of many commercial crops worldwide. although the use of honey bees for pollination can disrupt the habitat, the effects on their physiology have never been determined. recently, honey bee colonies have often collapsed when introduced in greenhouses for pollination in japan. thus, suppressing colony collapses and maintaining the number of worker bees in the colonies is essential for successful long-term pollination in greenhouses and recycling ...	0	22393496
early development of mushroom bodies in the brain of the honeybee apis mellifera as revealed by brdu incorporation and ablation experiments.	in the honeybee the mushroom bodies are prominent neuropil structures arranged as pairs in the dorsal protocerebrum of the brain. each mushroom body is composed of a medial and a lateral subunit. to understand their development, the proliferation pattern of mushroom body intrinsic cells, the kenyon cells, were examined during larval and pupal stages using the bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) technique and chemical ablation with hydroxyurea. by larval stage 1, approximately 40 neuroblasts are located in ...	0	10454374
molecular identification and expressive characterization of an olfactory co-receptor gene in the asian honeybee, apis cerana cerana.	olfaction recognition process is extraordinarily complex in insects, and the olfactory receptors play an important function in the process. in this paper, a highly conserved olfactory co-receptor gene, aceror2 (ortholog to the drosophila melanogaster or83b), cloned from the antennae of the asian honeybee, apis cerana cerana fabricius (hymenoptera: apidae), using reverse transcriptase pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends. the full-length sequence of the gene was 1763 bp long, and the cdna ope ...	0	24224665
deaths from bee-stings.		1869	20745502
the endocranium and maxillary suspensorium of the bee.		1880	17834327
larval stages and habits of the bee-fly hirmoneura.		1883	17836992
the color-preferences of the hive-bee.		1883	17838009
remarkable powers of memory in the humble-bee.		1886	17808914
bee-hives and bee-habits.		1886	17749432
changes in ganglion cells from birth to senile death. observations on man and honey-bee.		1894	16992203
the tea bee.		1913	18735940
inheritance in the honey bee.		1915	17814133
the relation of the malpighian tubules of the hind intestine in the honeybee larva.		1917	17816442
negative results from attempted queen bee mating in a double tent inclosure.		1919	17847491
severe toxaemia following bee stings.		1924	20315186
the bee-louse.		1925	17840703
anaphylaxis from pollen introduced by a bee sting.		1928	20317046
the visual acuity of the bee and its relation to illumination.		1929	16577162
the visual acuity of the honey bee.	1. bees respond by a characteristic reflex to a movement in their visual field. by confining the field to a series of parallel dark and luminous bars it is possible to determine the size of bar to which the bees respond under different conditions and in this way to measure the resolving power or visual acuity of the eye. the maximum visual acuity of the bee is lower than the lowest human visual acuity. under similar, maximal conditions the fineness of resolution of the human eye is about 100 tim ...	1929	19872494
preparation of bee slides.		1931	17811590
critical frequency of flicker as a function of intensity of illumination for the eye of the bee.	the bee's characteristic response to a movement of its visual field is used for the study of the relation between critical frequency of flicker and illumination. the critical flicker frequency varies with illumination in such a way that with increasing flicker frequency the intensity of illumination must be increased to produce a threshold response in the bee. the illuminations required to give a response in a bee at different flicker frequencies closely correspond to the intensities for thresho ...	1933	19872764
the variability of intensity discrimination by the honey bee in relation to visual acuity.	variation in the determined magnitudes of the difference in brightness between alternating members of a system of stripes requisite for the elicitation of a threshold response in bees shows that the intensity of excitation, as a function of width of stripe and of intensity of illumination, is determined by the intensity of illumination and by the frequency of occurrence of divisions between bright and less bright bars. the variation of deltai is limited by the intensity of excitation, so that th ...	1933	19872739
on the relation between measurements of intensity discrimination and of visual acuity in the honey bee.	1. bees respond by a characteristic reflex to a movement of their visual field. by confining the field to a series of parallel stripes of two alternating different brightnesses it is possible to determine for any width of stripe, at any brightness of one of the two sets of stripes, the brightness of the second at which the bee will first respond to a displacement of the field. thus the relations between visual acuity and intensity discrimination can be studied. 2. for each width of stripe and vi ...	1933	19872738
the visual intensity discrimination of the honey bee.	1. bees respond by a characteristic reflex to a movement in their visual field. by confining the field to a series of parallel stripes of different brightness it is possible to determine at any brightness of one of the two stripe systems the brightness of the second at which the bee will first respond to a displacement of the field. thus intensity discrimination can be determined. 2. the discriminating power of the bee's eye varies with illumination in much the same way that it does for the huma ...	1933	19872715
the visual acuity and intensity discrimination of drosophila.	drosophila possesses an inherited reflex response to a moving visual pattern which can be used to measure its capacity for intensity discrimination and its visual acuity at different illuminations. it is found that these two properties of vision run approximately parallel courses as functions of the prevailing intensity. visual acuity varies with the logarithm of the intensity in much the same sigmoid way as in man, the bee, and the fiddler crab. the resolving power is very poor at low illuminat ...	1934	19872798
the validity of talbot's law for the eye of the honey bee.	by presenting to bees two illuminated fields, equal in brightness, of which one is flickering and the other stationary we find that on account of the bee's positive phototropic response equal numbers of bees travel to both fields. we thus can assume that talbot's law is valid for the eye of the bee.	1935	19872895
the effect of light intensity, area, and flicker frequency on the visual reactions of the honey bee.	1. for the phototropic reaction of bees, the stimulating effects of two illuminated fields differing in intensity and area become equal when the product of area and intensity is the same for both fields. 2. the effect of two areas differing in size and flicker frequency is the same for the bee, when the product of area and flicker frequency is equal for both fields. 3. if two patterns of the same character but varying in size and coarseness are presented to bees for free choice, a 1:1 ratio of c ...	1935	19872894
a theory of visual intensity discrimination.	1. a theory of visual intensity discrimination is proposed in terms of the photochemical events which take place at the moment when a photosensory system already adapted to the intensity i is exposed to the just perceptibly higher intensity i+deltai. unlike previous formulations this theory predicts that the fraction deltai/i, after rapidly decreasing as i increases, does not increase again at high intensities, but reaches a constant value which is maintained even at the highest intensities. 2. ...	1935	19872886
the dark adaptation of the eye of the honey bee.	bees which are held in a fixed position so that only head movements can be made, respond to a moving stripe system in their visual field by a characteristic motion of the antennae. this reflex can be used to measure the bee's state of photic adaptation. a curve describing the course of dark adaptation is obtained, which shows that the sensitivity of the light adapted bee's eye increases rapidly during the first few minutes in darkness, then more slowly until it reaches a maximum level after 25 t ...	1935	19872922
the visual acuity of the fiddler-crab, uca pugnax.	the visual acuity of the fiddler-crab can be measured at various illuminations by means of its response to a moving visual pattern. the method, although similar to that used by hecht and wolf for the bee and hecht and wald for drosophila, must be modified to give consistent results. an explanation of the response to a visual pattern is given in terms of the structure of the eye. visual acuity of the crab varies with log i as in man, the bee, and drosophila. hecht and wolf's explanation of the va ...	1935	19872929
on the variability of critical illumination for flicker fusion and intensity discrimination.	from the data of experiments with bees in which threshold response is employed as a means of recognizing visual discrimination between stripes of equal width alternately illuminated by intensities i(1) and i(2), it is shown that the detectable increment of intensity deltai, where deltai = i(2) - i(1), is directly proportional to sigma(i2) (i(1) being fixed). from tests of visual acuity, where i(1) = 0 and the width of the stripes is varied, sigma(i2) = ki(2) + const.; here i(2) = deltai, and del ...	1936	19872945
the flicker response contour for the crayfish. i.	the f - log i curve for threshold response to visual flicker has been determined for the crayfish cambarus bartoni. as predicted on the basis of the higher curvature of the optic surface, the flicker response contour is more asymmetrical than for bee and dragonfly nymph under comparable conditions of temperature and light time fraction of flash cycle. the mechanical origin of this asymmetry is thus confirmed, and is further supported by the similar forms of the f - log i curves in bee, dragonfly ...	1939	19873135
the flicker response contour for the isopod asellus.	the flicker response contour for the isopod asellus is a simple probability integral (f - log i) over the whole determinable range (f = 1 to 51). this contrasts with the "distorted" asymmetrical curves obtained with apis, anax, and other arthropods with large convex eyes. the explanation of the distortion as due to mechanical conditions affecting photoreception is therefore confirmed, as the structure of the asellus eye does not make such a factor likely to be expected for this case. the asellus ...	1939	19873114
the action of bee venom, cobra venom and lysolecithin on the adrenal medulla.		1940	16995225
death of horse due to bee-stinging.		1941	17647806
bee-stings in kenya colony.		1942	20784405
an antibiotic from a bee pathogen.		1945	17843175
[parthenogenetic females among certain races of the honey bee].		1945	21008258
an antibiotic from a bee pathogen.		1945	21004949
fatal anaphylactic shock due to a bee sting in the finger.		1945	20292076
asthma and urticaria following a bee sting.		1946	20278573
the mechanism of sex control in the honey bee.		1946	20996716
infrared absorption in field studies of olfaction in bees.		1947	20340843
the language of the honey bee.		1947	20267579
effect of carbon dioxide on initial oviposition of artificially inseminated and virgin queen bees.		1947	20264497
sulfathiazole for american foul brood disease of honey-bees: second report.		1947	20264496
nosema losses in package bees as related to queen supersedure and honey yields.		1947	20264495
the cytology of the honey bee, apis mellifica l.		1948	18869690
control of trigeminal neuralgia pain (bee venom).		1948	18907499
the histology of the lesions caused by the sting of the hive-bee (apis mellifica).		1949	15405640
the bee-cell pessary.		1949	18141361
the effects of ddt, benzene hexachloride and parathion on the honeybee.		1949	15392800
orientation and methods of communication of the honey bee and its sensitivity to the polarization of the light.		1949	18153286
antihistamine therapy of bee stings.		1949	18144777
multiple bee stings with hemoglobinuria and recovery; report of a case.		1949	18123989
bee behaviour.		1949	18123074
[excretion of some dyes in the bee].		1950	14811554
the protein content of the honeybee.		1950	14789555
changes in the histology of the honey-bee ventriculus associated with the ingestion of certain insecticides.		1950	14780168
effect of bee venom on colchicine-induced tumours.		1950	14780150
[bee and hornet stings].		1950	14793892
[apitoxin, a preparation of bee venom].		1950	14777062
[morphologic study of the retrocerebral endocrine complex of the bee larva].		1950	14792874
[new research on the queen bee].		1950	14792873
[effect of antihistamine on bee sting].		1950	15437850
[the sun as a compass in the life of a bee].		1950	15421336
[study of the respiratory movements of the bee by means of optic registration].		1950	15433561
[senotainia tricuspis meid., larval parasite of the adult bee (apis mellifica)].		1950	14783907
[the direction-indicating bee dance at the feeding place in proximity of the beehive].		1950	15421311
[pollen feeding and nosematosis in the honey bee (apis mellifica)].		1950	24538328
[determination of the effect of bee venom and the venom of lachesis jararacu upon the central nervous system].		1950	14777520
[inhibition of dehydrogenase by bee venom].		1950	14777496
bacillus pulvifaciens (n. sp.), an organism associated with powdery scale of honeybee larvae.		1950	15421942
the influence of antibiotics and sulfa drugs on bacillus larvae, cause of american foulbrood of the honeybee, in vitro and in vivo.		1950	15436420