Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis. | babesiosis is a disease with a world-wide distribution affecting many species of mammals principally cattle and man. the major impact occurs in the cattle industry where bovine babesiosis has had a huge economic effect due to loss of meat and beef production of infected animals and death. nowadays to those costs there must be added the high cost of tick control, disease detection, prevention and treatment. in almost a century and a quarter since the first report of the disease, the truth is: the ... | 0 | 22360483 |
| cultivation of parasites. | parasite cultivation techniques constitute a substantial segment of present-day study of parasites, especially of protozoa. success in establishing in vitro and in vivo culture of parasites not only allows their physiology, behavior and metabolism to be studied dynamically, but also allows the nature of the antigenic molecules in the excretory and secretory products to be vigorously pursued and analyzed. the complex life-cycles of various parasites having different stages and host species requir ... | 0 | 25250227 |
| [experimental transmission of babesia bovis, b. bigemina, b. equi, b. caballi and b. trautmani to suckling mice]. | 1962 | 14027025 | |
| the prevalence of babesia bovis (babesia argentina) in the brains of slaughter cattle in northern nigeria. | 1967 | 5629275 | |
| [babesia bovis: transmission by ixodes ricinus (ixodoidea) on the rhone plain]. | 1972 | 4507024 | |
| the transmission of babesia bovis using frozen infective material obtained from boophilus microplus larvae. | 1974 | 4449642 | |
| cerebral babesiosis in a new-born calf. | a case of intra-uterine transmission of babesia bovis is reported. the calf was born normally but showed signs of intravascular haemolysis and nervous involvement 24 h after birth. it died shortly afterwards from cerebral babesiosis. the dam was not clinically affected. | 1976 | 1018892 |
| the fine structure of merozoites of babesia bovis in the gut epithelium of boophilus microplus. | electron microscopic studies on merozoites of babesia bovis in epithelial cells of the gut of boophilus microplus revealed that the pellicle apparently consists of 3 membranes, and an osmiophilic layer intimately associated with microtubules. micropores in the pellicle were often associated with micronemes. an unidentified tubular structure extended from the anterior polar ring to the nuclear region where it appeared to be associated with the nuclear envelope. a golgi complex, typical protozoan ... | 1976 | 940662 |
| light and electron microscopic observations on the development of small merozoites of babesia bovis in boophilus microplus larvae. | the development of small pyriform merozoites of b. bovis in the granule-secreting cells of the salivary glands of b. microplus larvae, studied with a light microscope, showed a close resemblance to that of b. argentina described by riek (1966) in the same tick vector. dvelopment took place through a process of schizogony and resulted in the formation of many merozoites. a study of the ultrastructure of developing merozoites in the schizont revealed the following: a poorly defined outer membrane; ... | 1976 | 1012651 |
| stimulation of the development of infective babesia bovis (= b. argentina) in unfed boophilus microplus larvae. | 1976 | 1016162 | |
| kinin, kininogen and kininase levels during acute babesia bovis (= b. argentina) infection of cattle. | 1. kinin levels began rising on day 3 after infection of cattle with babesia bovis (= b. argentina) and attained a maximum value of 98% above preinfection levels by day 7. 2. kininogen levels began falling on day 3 and reached minimum levels of 83% below preinfection levels on day 8. 3. changes in both kinin and kininogen levels on day 3 coincided with the detection of low levels of parasites, and with a fall in packed cell volume. 4. plasma kininase levels rose significantly 6 to 9 days after i ... | 1977 | 202358 |
| failure of vaccine strains of babesia bovis to regain infectivity for ticks during long-standing infections in cattle. | two strains of babesia bovis that were known to have lost infectivity for the normal tick vector, boophilus microplus, due to repeated blood passaging in cattle, were studied to determine whether the strains would regain infectivity for ticks during longstanding infections. parasitaemias were monitored in 4 chronically infected calves that were regularly infested with ticks. two strains of ticks known to be susceptible to infection with unmodified strains of b. bovis were used. adult female tick ... | 1977 | 588177 |
| hypotension in acute babesia bovis (=b. argentina ) infections of splenectomized calves. | 1977 | 591652 | |
| babesia bovis (argentina): observations of coagulation parameters, fibrinogen catabolism and fibrinolysis in intact and splenectomized cattle. | the results of this paper indicate that cattle infected with b. bovis (argentina) have a markedly altered and activated coagulation system. a degree of thrombin activation occurs due partly to release of thromboplastin-like substances from lysed erythrocytes but due primarily to activation of kallikrein by babesial proteases. this produces a hyperfibrinogenaemia, particularly in intact cattle, with soluble fibrin complexes constituting up to one-third of the total fibrinogen concentration. high ... | 1977 | 602370 |
| the protamine sulphate test as a screening test for intravascular coagulation in experimental babesia bovis infections. | the protamine sulphate test (pst) was studied as a screening test for intravascular coagulation in experimental babesia bovis infections. the test became positive in 39 of 42 splenectomised calves and two of six intact cattle tested during acute infections. haematological studies during the course of infection in two splenectomised and six intact cattle indicated that a positive pst was reliable evidence for intravascular coagulation. of four splenectomised and one intact cattle that were positi ... | 1977 | 905640 |
| the selection of larvae of boophilus microplus infected with babesia bovis (syn b argentina). | observations on the dynamics of the transovarial transmission of babesia bovis by boophilus microplus showed that, at 28 degrees c and 90--95 per cent relative humidity, a low proportion of the eggs laid during the first five days' incubation of the engorged female ticks were infected with the babesia. however, the eggs laid on the sixth and seventh days of incubation were heavily infected. this was the basis of a method for selecting larval cultures of b microplus which contained up to five tim ... | 1977 | 905646 |
| babesia bovis (argentina): components of the cryofibrinogen complex and their contribution to pathophysiology of infection in splenectomized calves. | a cryofibrinogen complex, found in the plasma of cattle acutely infected with babesia bovis (argentina), was characterized. the fibrinogen-like proteins of the complex were isolated and the structure of their polypeptide chains analysed. in general, the chain structure was similar to that of soluble non-crosslinked fibrin (fibrinogen) although chains indicating some degree of fibrin crosslinking were often detected. only rarely did the chain structure suggest that fibrinolysis occurred. it was c ... | 1978 | 369166 |
| immunosuppression by babesia bovis against its tick vector, boophilus microplus. | 1978 | 643072 | |
| bovine babesiosis: severity and reproducibility of babesia bovis infections induced by boophilus microplus under laboratory conditions. | a total of 61 intact holstein-friesian calves were exposed to babesia bovis (= b argentina) by the injection of infected blood or the application of infected boophilus microplus larvae. tick-induced infections were uniformly severe, even when induced by relatively small numbers of infected ticks. in contrast, calves infected with carrier blood experienced mild, subclinical reactions despite detectable parasitaemia. the greater severity of tick-induced reactions appeared to be due to the large nu ... | 1978 | 674841 |
| the effect of age on resistance of cattle to babesia bovis. | susceptible hereford cattle of different ages were inoculated with 2 x 10(8) babesia bovis organisms. experiment i consisted of cows aged 6 to 7 years, steers aged 17 to 18 months and calves aged 5 to 6 months, while experiment 2 consisted of cows aged 6.5 to 7.5 years, steers aged 23 to 24 months and yearlings aged 11 to 12 months. daily measurements of temperature, parasitaemia and packed cell volume were made in order to determine susceptibility of the different ages. twenty-four of the 36 an ... | 1978 | 687298 |
| the presence of babesia bovis (b. argentina) in paraguay. | 1978 | 705899 | |
| immunogenicity and pathogenicity of three south african strains of babesia bovis in bos indicus cattle. | a strain of babesia bovis, which has been routinely used in the locally produced babesiosis vaccine for two decades and maintained by needle passage, was of low virulence and therefore safe, but it induced poor protection to challenge with two field isolates. animals infected with this attenuated strain and subsequently challenged heterologously with a field strain were solidly immune when challenged later with a 2nd field strain. the two field strains, though more virulent, conferred a high deg ... | 1978 | 714391 |
| growth of babesia bovis in bovine erythrocyte cultures. | babesia bovis was cultured in a suspension of bovine erythrocytes incubated at 37 degrees c in medium 199 with 50% bovine serum. the cells in culture were kept in suspension by slow stirring in spinner flasks and the medium was replaced at 24-hour intervals. persistent multiplication of the parasite in a short series of subcultures suggests the feasibility of this approach for continuous culture. | 1978 | 717633 |
| differences in the life cycles between a vaccine strain and an unmodified strain of babesia bovis (babes, 1889) in the tick boophilus microplus (canestrini). | developmental forms of 2 strains of babesia bovis (babes) were studied in the tick vector boophilus microplus (canestrini). one strain (designated t) was shown to be infective for the tick, and the other (nt) to have lost infectivity for the tick, because of repeated blood passaging in cattle. parasites of the 2 strains in gut contents of adult female ticks were similar during the first 16 h post-repletion (pr), but thereafter their structure differed. from 16-64 h pr, the majority of t strain p ... | 1978 | 739414 |
| the extraction of infective babesia bovis and babesia bigemina from tick eggs and b. bigemina from unfed larval ticks. | 1978 | 743062 | |
| babesia bovis (= argentina): changes in erythrophylic and associated proteins during acute infection of splenectomized and intact calves. | saline eluates were prepared from sucrose-washed erythrocytes of cattle infected with b. bovis (= argentina). fibrinogen, plasminogen and igg2 were constituent proteins of the eluates and all three proteins increased in concentration during infection. the significance of the protein changes and their contribution to coagulation and fibrinolysis during infection are discussed. | 1978 | 654424 |
| babesia bovis (argentina): analysis of fibrinogen-like proteins during infection. | fibrinogen and fibrinogen-like proteins (flp) were isolated from plasma and serum of cattle acutely infected with babesia bovis. the sizes and chain structures of these proteins were examined and clotting assays performed. the results indicated that the blood was in a hypercoagulable state due mainly to enhanced production of hydrogen bonded fibrin and offset partly by slight inhibition of chain cross-linking. the latter appeared due to a factor xiii inhibitor. reduction of a alpha chains of pla ... | 1979 | 543211 |
| babesia rodhaini, babesia bovis, and babesia bigemina: analysis and sorting of red cells from infected mouse or calf blood by flow fluorimetry using 33258 hoechst. | 1979 | 92419 | |
| bovine babesiosis: vaccination against tick-borne challenge exposure with culture-derived babesia bovis immunogens. | 1979 | 230765 | |
| a note on the transmission of babesia bovis (syn b argentina) by the one-host tick, boophilus microplus. | boophilus microplus infected with babesia bovis were transferred artificially from one splenectomised calf to another during each moult in the parasitic life cycle of the tick. eggs from the engorged female ticks recovered at the end of the cycle were incubated and the resulting larvae used to infest more splenectomised calves. babesia bovis was transmitted only by the original larvae used at the commencement of the experiment and it was concluded that the protozoan parasite did not persist in a ... | 1979 | 262611 |
| some aspects of the epidemiology and control of bovine babesiosis in australia. | a short account of the epidemiology and control of babesiosis in australia is presented. epidemiological topics discussed include differences in the transmission of babesia bovis and b. bigemina by the cattle tick, boophilus microplus and the relative prevalence, disease incidence and pathogenicity of b. bovis and b. bigemina. circumstances under which babesiosis occurs in australia are described. in the section on control, only vaccination is discussed. changes in the preparation of babesial va ... | 1979 | 399977 |
| immunity in cattle to babesia bovis after single infections with parasites of various origin. | sixty calves, 3 to 6 months old, were vaccinated once against babesia bovis in groups of 10, by the following methods: (a) tick infestation; (b) inoculation of virulent parasites obtained from the tick-infested animals immediately after infection; (c) inoculation of the parasites used in (b) attenuated by passage through splenectomised calves; (d) inoculation of commercially-available, living, attenuated vaccine; (e) inoculation of virulent parasites obtained from the tick-infested animals in (a ... | 1979 | 435202 |
| an electron microscopic study of intra-erythrocytic stages of babesia bovis in the brain capillaries of infected splenectomized calves. | splenectomized vaccine donor calves undergoing primary reactions to babesia bovis infections may develop cerebral babesiosis which leads to death if not treated in time. a brain biopsy was performed on an artificially-infected animal showing nervous symptoms and the tissue was immediately processed for electron microscopic examination. virtually every erythrocyte in the brain capillaries sectioned was infected with b. bovis. intra-erythrocytic merozoites, trophozoites and dividing trophozoites w ... | 1979 | 460822 |
| the invasion and growth of babesia bovis in tick tissue culture. | erythrocytic forms of babesia bovis inoculated into cell cultures of the tick boophilus microplus invaded the tick cells and showed multiplication for up to 48 h after inoculation. | 1979 | 467577 |
| the immune response of cattle to babesia bovis (syn. b. argentina). studies on the nature and specificity of protection. | 1979 | 489236 | |
| reduction in virulence of babesia bovis due to rapid passage in splenectomized cattle. | 1979 | 489240 | |
| acute babesia bovis infections: renal involvement in the hypotensive syndrome. | splenectomised calves in metabolism cages were infected with babesia bovis. during the infection, urine samples were collected and analysed for electrolytes, proteins, kinin, and urinary kallikrein. during the later stages of the infection there were significant reductions in urinary volume, water intake, urinary kinin, kallikrein, and electrolytes. proteinuria was detected from 3--8 days postinfection of which 15--20% was haemoglobin and most of the remainder was albumin (70--75%). fibrin degra ... | 1979 | 494708 |
| bovine babesiosis: partial purification and characterization of blood culture-derived babesia bovis. | 1979 | 541171 | |
| preliminary observations on the combined use of imidocarb and babesia blood vaccine in cattle. | imidocarb was used by three different methods to control reactions in cattle induced by a babesia blood vaccine produced in south africa. simultaneous administration of 0,15 mg/kg imidocarb and babesia bovis vaccine gave satisfactory control. when the vaccine was given seven days prior to the imidocarb treatment a dose between 0,15 mg/kg and 0,6 mg/kg imidocarb was required for effective control. a combined b. bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine given at 21 and again 61 days after a 3 mg/kg imido ... | 1979 | 553972 |
| epidemiology and control of bovine babesiosis in south africa. | babesiosis is the cause of serious economic losses in south africa and involves most areas with an annual rainfall of more than 400 mm. both babesia bigemina and babesia bovis are present and both are considered to be important. the vectors, distribution and factors influencing enzootic stability of both species are discussed. except in some areas only marginally suitable for ticks, and where tick control alone may be adequate, control by immunisation is recommended. short term prevention can be ... | 1979 | 576018 |
| the irradiation of babesia bovis. 1. the difference in pathogenicity between irradiated and non-irradiated populations. | babesia bovis parasites attenuated by 35 krads gamma irradiation and parasites not exposed to irradiation, were injected into intact 2-year-old hereford steers. all five animals receiving non-irradiated blood died but the five animals which received irradiated blood were only mildly affected. highly significant differences were observed in changes to plasma fibrinogen, serum fibrinogen-like proteins, packed cell volume, partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, blood kinins, and plasma kini ... | 1980 | 6158195 |
| a comparison of direct fluorescent antibody and giemsa staining for the post-mortem diagnosis of anaplasmosis. | direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) and giemsa staining of anaplasma marginale were compared in smears collected serially at post-mortem (pm) from 11 experimentally infected calves. once smears had been prepared and air-dried they could be held for at least 5 days before staining with either technique with no noticeable change in staining quality. dfa staining was more sensitive in detecting anaplasms in smears than giemsa staining. anaplasma spp could be differentiated from babesia bovis and b. b ... | 1980 | 7002139 |
| bovine babesiosis: pathogenicity and heterologous species immunity of tick-borne babesia bovis and b bigemina infections. | a total of 22 nonsplenectomized hereford, holstein-friesian, and cross-bred 18-month-old cattle were used to assess the degree of protection conferred by previous infection with babesia bovis or b bigemina against infection and disease from tick-borne challenge exposure with the heterologous species. prior infection with b bigemina or b bovis did not significantly (p less than 0.05) reduce the susceptibility of cattle to tick-borne infection and disease caused by the heterologous species. carrie ... | 1980 | 7212429 |
| optimization of the suspension culture method for in vitro cultivation of babesia bovis. | an evaluation of some system variables for the suspension-culture method of in vitro babesia bovis cultivation has identified some variables as critical and suggested optimum values for others. growth of babesia was not affected by siliconizing the culture vessels or including hepes buffer in the culture medium. the culture ph, however, markedly influenced the growth rate. when supplemented with a large amount of serum, even hanks's balanced salt solution was an adequate medium to support growth ... | 1980 | 7212439 |
| babesia bovis: continuous cultivation in a microaerophilous stationary phase culture. | the protozoan parasite babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, has been continuously cultivated in a settled layer of bovine erythrocytes. lowered oxygen tension within the layer of host erythrocytes results in a darkening of infected cultures and provides a rapid means of evaluating parasite growth. deprivation of carbon dioxide causes the merozoites to accumulate in the medium rather than involving new erythrocytes. when separated from the culture, these extraerythrocytic parasi ... | 1980 | 7355284 |
| prevalence of antibodies to babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in dairy cattle in bolivia. | 1980 | 7368318 | |
| bovine babesiosis in northern mexico. | the occurrence of boophilus microplus infections accompanied by bovine babesiosis was confirmed for 2 locations in northern mexico. the confirmation at one location was made by transferring whole blood to a splenectomised calf which subsequently developed an acute babesia bovis infection. examination of thin blood smears from a suspect animal at the second location revealed b. bovis-infected erthrocytes. a serological survey of other herd members at both locations showed antibody activity agains ... | 1980 | 7434473 |
| continuous in vitro cultivation of babesia bovis. | babesia bovis was isolated from an experimentally infected calf (no. 1) and was maintained in vitro for 32 days by subculturing 14 times, using a total dilution of 192,000. a splenectomized calf was inoculated with subculture babesia (isolate b). the agent (isolate c) was isolated and maintained in vitro for 17 days prior to inoculation of a third splenectomized calf. babesia organisms (isolate d) were isolated and retained in vitro for 270 days. after 85 days in vitro, organisms from this third ... | 1980 | 7436112 |
| babesia bovis (argentina): analysis of paracoagulation proteins in acutely infected cattle. | the proteins in plasma and serum from cattle infected with babesia bovis that react with protamine sulphate and ethanol have been characterized. their sizes and chain structures suggest they are intermediates in the conversion of fibrinogen to cross-linked fibrin. in addition, comparison with reference proteins and in vitro systems strongly indicate the proteins are, in the main, the products of thrombin activation in vivo and not those of fibrinolysis. | 1980 | 7436877 |
| short term cultivation of babesia species. | a method based on the candle jar technique was used for the cultivation of babesia bovis, b bigemina and b rodhaini in vitro. all three parasites multiplied within their host red blood cells and were well maintained for up to 96 h in culture. regular changes of medium and subculture at 24 h were essential for optimal parasite survival. a 40 per cent suspension of red blood cells was found to give better results than the 10 to 12 per cent suggested by jensen and trager for the cultivation of plas ... | 1980 | 7455338 |
| serum carboxypeptidase b levels during acute and mild babesia bovis and acute babesia bigemina infections of cattle. | serum carboxypeptidase b (scpb) levels were measured in splenectomised calves and in non-splenectomised cattle infected with three virulent and one avirulent strains of babesia bovis, and in splenectomised calves infected with virulent babesia bigemina parasites. scpb levels commenced falling three days post-infection in animals infected with virulent b. bovis strains and fell significanttly terminally. in animals infected with the avirulent b. bovis strain, the scpb levels were not significantl ... | 1980 | 7456644 |
| babesia bovis (argentina): studies on the composition and location of antigen associated with infected erythrocytes. | 1980 | 6768683 | |
| regression of mouse sarcoma m(52)b treated with bovine fascia lata extract from animals previously inoculated with babesia bovis and b. bigemina. | mice with induced tumours of mouse sarcoma m(52)b were treated by injections of extract of bovine fascia lata from two animals which had been inoculated with a mixture of babesia bovis and b. bigemina--in one case 6 weeks previously and in the second case 8 weeks previously. as a control a further series of mice was injected with an extract of bovine fascia lata taken from a splenectomized animals reared in the laboratory to ensure that it had not come into contact with ticks and was free of bab ... | 1980 | 7404219 |
| comparison of the surface proteins and glycoproteins on erythrocytes of calves before and during infection with babesia bovis. | 1980 | 7400998 | |
| changes in the haemolytic activity of serum complement during acute babesia bovis infection in cattle. | the haemolytic activity of serum complement was measured in cattle during acute babesia bovis infection. the level fell significantly on day 5 post infection (p.i.) and was not detectable by day 10 p.i. after clinical recovery between days 15 and 20 p.i. haemolytic activity was again detected in serum and gradually returned to the pre-infection level. the components of both classical and alternative pathways were involved in complement depletion and factors such as protease secretion by the para ... | 1980 | 7395306 |
| acute babesia bovis infections: plasma creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine levels and associated muscle damage. | two groups of five two-year-old hereford steers were infected with two virulent strains of b. bovis. the plasma concentrations of creatine kinase (ck), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and creatinine rose early in infection and showed highly significant increases terminally. extensive skeletal muscle degeneration was observed terminally as was degeneration of myocardium, although this was much less extensive. terminal clinical signs included posterior muscle wasting, weakness, and recumbency. it was ... | 1981 | 7194548 |
| babesia bovis (argentina): studies of plasma lipids and lipoproteins during acute infections in cattle. | preliminary studies have demonstrated changes to the lipid metabolism of cattle acutely infected with babesia bovis. total lipid, total cholesterol, and phospholipids decreased significantly during infection. associated with this was a decrease in concentration of serum lipoproteins and a loss of their electrophoretic heterogeneity. these changes are discussed in relation to the pathophysiological changes during infection. | 1981 | 7314809 |
| virulent and avirulent strains of babesia bovis: the relationship between parasite protease content and pathophysiological effect on the strain. | a virulent strain of babesia bovis ("l" strain) was rendered avirulent by irradiation with 35 krads with a gamma source. another virulent strain of b. bovis ("c" strain) was made avirulent by rapid blood passage through 12 splenectomised calves. both the parent virulent and their respective avirulent strains were injected into susceptible cattle. a nonfatal disease was observed in those intact cattle that had received avirulent parasites; however, a fatal disease was produced in those animals th ... | 1981 | 7019417 |
| the use of pathophysiological reactions to assess the efficacy of the immune response to babesia bovis in cattle. | a group of five splenectomised calves was immunised with a soluble extract prepared from erythrocytes infected with babesia bovis and then challenged by the intravenous inoculation of virulent b. bovis along with appropriate control animals. all controls died but four of the five immunised animals survived. all survivors showed significantly lower activation of the coagulation and kinin systems and did not develop the hypotensive shock syndrome characteristic of acute b. bovis infection. it was ... | 1981 | 6172907 |
| bovine babesiosis: the immunization of cattle with fractions of erythrocytes infected with babesia bovis (syn b. argentina). | soluble antigen which protected susceptible cattle against challenge with babesia bovis was extracted from b. bovis-infected erythrocytes by sonic disintegration and separation of the soluble from the insoluble matter by ultracentrifugation. the material was then fractionated by the precipitation of fibrinogen-like proteins. the precipitate contained the babesial antigens that were located on the stroma of the infected erythrocytes. antigen originally located on the parasite remained in solution ... | 1981 | 7344266 |
| bovine babesiosis: protection of cattle with culture-derived soluble babesia bovis antigen. | adult hereford (bos taurus) cattle were protected from severe reactions and death caused by the tick-borne protozoan hemoparasite babesia bovis, 3 months after vaccination with a cell culture--derived immunogen. the immunogen consisted of filtered, freeze-dried supernatant fluid collected from long-term cultures of babesia bovis in vitro. it was reconstituted with saponin adjuvant and injected twice subcutaneously at 2-week intervals. serum collected from vaccinated cattle caused thickening of t ... | 1981 | 7209532 |
| transmission of babesia bovis, using undifferentiated embryonic cells from boophilus microplus tick eggs. | 1981 | 7196719 | |
| isolation and partial characterization of culture-derived soluble babesia bovis antigens. | immunochemical analyses of soluble antigens derived from microaerophilous stationary phase cultures of babesia bovis demonstrated that at least three parasite antigens were released in vitro. these antigens have molecular weights within the range of 37,000 to 40,000, fast electrophoretic mobility in the albumin and alpha 1 regions, and are proteinaceous in nature as determined by the sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes trypsin and papain. purification of these antigens should allow complete chara ... | 1981 | 7216450 |
| reduction in pathogenicity of babesia bovis for its tick vector, boophilus microplus, after rapid blood passage in splenectomized calves. | two strains of babesia bovis that had been serially blood passaged in splenectomized calves 27 to 33 times, a procedure known to have reduced their virulence for normal cattle, were shown to have low pathogenicity for replete, female boophilus microplus. in comparison with a strain of b. bovis unmodified by repeated blood passage, the two modified strains infected higher proportions of ticks and produced comparable numbers of morphologically similar parasites in their haemolymph, but killed sign ... | 1981 | 7222925 |
| detection of babesia bovis infections in boophilus geigyi with egg crushings, larval smears, and haemolymph puncture. | investigations regarding the detection of babesia bovis infections in boophilus geigyi revealed that: (a) by the egg crushing method, babesia bovis infection in ticks is detected from the 5th day onward and up to the 22nd or 24th day before disappearing. (b) by means of haemolymph puncture, infection could only be noticed from the 5th or 6th day up to the 14th day. (c) babesia bovis infection can be easily detected from days 1-4 in the larvae of 'infected' ticks. 'uninfected' ticks which show ne ... | 1981 | 7268748 |
| serological comparison of strains of babesia bovis occurring in australia and mozambique. | an antigen prepared in australia and antisera collected from cattle having had field infections of babesiosis were taken to mozambique for a serological comparison of strains of babesia bovis from the 2 countries. the reactivity of antisera collected in mozambique against the australian antigen was similar to that of the imported antisera. this suggested a close serological relationship between b. bovis of the 2 countries. the practical implication of this finding is that australian vaccine shou ... | 1981 | 6165118 |
| initial characterization of cryoprecipitates in cattle recovering from acute babesia bovis (argentina) infection. | the plasma of cattle recovering from severe babesia bovis infection contained cold precipitable protein which consisted of immune complexes formed in antibody excess. the major immunoglobulin in the complexes was igm although igg1 and igg2 were also present at lower concentrations. in addition, fibrinogen, alpha 2 macroglobulin and c3 component of complement were detected. as the complexes were produced after parasiteamia fell below the detectable level and the inflammatory response to b. bovis ... | 1981 | 7325885 |
| changes in conglutinin, immunoconglutinin, complement c3 and fibronectin concentrations in cattle acutely infected with babesia bovis. | further pathophysiological studies of the hypotensive shock syndrome associated with acute babesia bovis infection in cattle have demonstrated changes in the plasma concentrations of conglutinin, complement c3, fibronectin and immunoconglutinin. decreases in the first three components are presumably due to their contribution towards intravascular sludging of infected erythrocytes within the microvascular system during the acute phase of infection. in contrast, the increase in fibronectin and imm ... | 1981 | 7325886 |
| antibody kinetics in response to vaccination against babesia bovis. | the kinetics of specific indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test titers and total serum immunoglobulin (ig) g and igm values were determined in cattle vaccinated with culture-derived soluble babesia organisms. nineteen days after challenge exposure (postinoculation day 67), vaccinated cattle had a strong anamnestic response and mean ifa titers reached 1:48,710. serum igg and igm concentrations were increased after vaccination and after challenge exposure. a nonspecific suppression of total igg ... | 1981 | 7337297 |
| the transmission of babesia bovis in herds of european and zebu x european cattle infested with the tick, boophilus microplus. | transmission of babesia bovis by the tick boophilus microplus was studied in 4 breeding herds of european and zebu x european cattle under different levels of tick infestation. the observations consisted of weekly counts of female ticks on the cattle, monthly serological tests for antibodies to b. bovis, examination of tick larvae from the pasture to determine b. bovis infection rates and comparison of the suitability of paddocks for tick reproduction. the rate of transmission (inoculation rate) ... | 1981 | 7337597 |
| antibody formation to babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in calves in bolivia. | 1981 | 7344191 | |
| serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in guyana. | the serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in guyana was determined utilising the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) and the complement fixation (cf) tests. babesia bigemina ifa and cf antibody activity was detected in 80% and 40% respectively of the sera from native cattle while ifa and cf antibody activity to babesia bovis was observed in 61% and 16% of the sera. the prevalence of antibody was compared between calves less than 6 months of age and mature cattle. there was little differenc ... | 1981 | 7020193 |
| efficacy of a nonviable culture-derived babesia bovis vaccine. | tissue culture-derived soluble babesia bovis antigens were combined with a saponin adjuvant and used to vaccinate 3 adult cows and 8 yearling heifers. each animal was vaccinated twice at a 3-week interval between vaccinations. two adult cattle were premunized with an attenuated b bovis. all vaccinated cattle and premunized cattle along with 3 nonvaccinated adult cattle and 8 nonvaccinated yearling heifers were challenge exposed 4 weeks after the 2nd vaccine dose by im inoculation of an estimated ... | 1982 | 7046534 |
| development of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for antibody to antigens of babesia bovis infected bovine erythrocytes. | 1982 | 7076382 | |
| preparation and laboratory testing of a frozen vaccine containing babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma centrale. | procedures used to prepare and test frozen vaccine against bovine tick fever are described. blood from splenectomised calves infected separately with babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma centrale was diluted in the ratio of 3:1 with 8 m dimethyl sulphoxide in phosphate buffered saline and cooled at rates between 5 degrees c and 110 degrees c per minute to -196 degrees c. after varying periods of storage up to 369 days, blood was thawed by immersing containers in a 40 degrees c water bat ... | 1982 | 7079601 |
| the bovine immune response to tick-derived babesia bovis infection: serological studies of isolated immunoglobulins. | a cryopreserved stabilate was prepared from babesia bovis-infected boophilus microplus ticks. the stabilate was used to infect a group of mature bos taurus-bos indicus cows. the survivors of the initial infection were rechallenged with the homologous stabilate 65 days later. all cows reacted parasitologically after primary challenge, and most responded serologically. with the exception of two cows, those not responding serologically died of acute babesiosis. the two that survived the primary cha ... | 1982 | 6761951 |
| babesia, theileria and anaplasma spp. infecting sable antelope, hippotragus niger (harris, 1838), in southern africa. | some observations are recorded on blood parasites of sable antelopes. blood smears of 124 of these antelopes from south africa and zimbabwe were examined and 7 were found to be positive for a babesia sp., identified as babesia irvinesmithi martinaglia 1936. a total of 70 of the smears were positive for theilerial piroplasms, while 1 smear had macroschizonts (with cytomeres) and microschizonts of a theileria (= cytauxzoon) sp. one blood smear was positive for an anaplasma sp. attempts to isolate ... | 1982 | 6817250 |
| clinical and serological evidence of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in st. lucia. | one hundred fifty-nine holstein calves were imported into st. lucia from the u.s.a. an outbreak of babesiosis occurred 17 days post-arrival, and an outbreak of anaplasmosis occurred 5 months after importation. sera obtained 3, 6, and 12 months post-importation revealed a high prevalence of ifa titres to babesia bovis and b. bigemina 3 months after arrival and an increase in titres to anaplasma marginale 6 months after arrival. sera obtained from native cattle from several places on the island in ... | 1982 | 6753317 |
| anaplasmosis and babesiosis in el salvador. | a serological survey was carried out in the central american state of el salvador to determine the distribution and prevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. the results suggest that the parasites are widely distributed throughout the country and prevalence rates of 78.5% for a. marginale, 70.5% for b. bigemina and 73.5% for b. bovis were obtained. tick counts suggest that boophilus microplus is the main blood parasite vector. epidemiological studies showed that init ... | 1982 | 7101466 |
| some effects of time, temperature and feeding on infection rates with babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in boophilus microplus larvae. | 1982 | 7118375 | |
| virulence and heterologous strain immunity of south african and australian babesia bovis strains with reduced pathogenicity. | a south african babesia bovis strain showed loss of virulence after 10 rapid passages in splenectomized calves. the virulence was comparable with that of an attenuated australian vaccine strain. vaccination of cross-bred bos indicus cattle with the local strain resulted in a solid immunity to heterologous challenge. the degree of protection afforded by the australian vaccine strain was adequate for controlling challenge with a virulent south african strain, but somewhat less than the degree conf ... | 1982 | 7177589 |
| the irradiation of babesia bovis. ii. the immunogenicity of irradiated blood parasites for intact cattle and splenectomised calves. | intraerythrocytic forms of b. bovis were exposed to 350 grays (gy) gamma irradiation and were then injected intravenously into intact two and three year old hereford steers. one of 15 steers died on initial infection and subsequently six steers were given a virulent heterologous challenge three weeks after recovery; all six animals were highly immune. the remaining eight animals were kept under quarantine conditions for 10 months and were then challenged with a different virulent heterologous st ... | 1982 | 7179723 |
| serological studies of babesiosis and anaplasmosis of cattle. | bos indicus-crossbred calves exposed to natural babesia bovis infection in wet and dry tropical environments in northern queensland were tested for antibodies using the indirect haemagglutination (iha) test. there was evidence of maternal antibodies suggesting endemicity of b. bovis in the 2 environments. within one year 35.3 to 94.6% of the calves had acquired b. bovis infection. the highest titres and most rapid conversion rates were observed just after the wet season when the tick population ... | 1982 | 7181776 |
| description of lesions in cattle in a natural outbreak of babesia bovis infection in brazil. | this paper describes the pathologic features of a natural infection by babesia bovis (b. argentina) in brazil. microscopic examination of cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, liver, kidney, heart and spleen of five fatal cases revealed variable degrees of congestion, particularly in the brain, liver and kidney. the packing of erythrocytes, the majority of which were parasitized, was most marked in the capillaries of brain, kidney and less in liver. lymphocytic glomerulonephritis was observed. variabl ... | 1982 | 6892174 |
| a microplate enzyme immunoassay for detecting and measuring antibodies to babesia bovis in cattle serum. | a microplate enzyme immunoassay (eia) is described for measuring igg antibody to babesia bovis in cattle serum. b. bovis antibody status (whether positive or negative) and the amount of b. bovis antibody (eia score), were measured by comparison with reference serums. the eia was shown to be specific for b. bovis, and eia score correlated well with eia titre. comparison of eia with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) showed more than 95% agreement between the methods and disagreement in ... | 1982 | 6762198 |
| cryopreservation of babesia bovis for in vitro cultivation. | the most efficient procedure for cryopreserving viable babesia bovis organisms for in vitro cultivation consists of freezing extracellular parasites in a solution of 10% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) using a cooling rate of 20 degrees c/min. although cultures can be established from thawed infected erythrocytes, the plating efficiency is relatively low. freezing extracellular parasites resulted in plating efficiency up to 25%, when thawed and placed in culture. glycerin or dimethyl sulphoxide ... | 1982 | 7099713 |
| use of cerebellar brain smears in the diagnosis of babesiosis (babesia bovis) in cattle. | cerebral and cerebellar smears were made from 4 animals acutely reacting to babesia bovis and 94 animals free from clinical babesiosis. the brain smears were stained by the giemsa method and examined for the presence of b. bovis parasites. in animals showing clinical babesiosis capillaries congested with parasitised erythrocytes were abundant in cerebral and cerebellar smears. results obtained from both types of brain smears in animals free from clinical babesiosis agreed closely (83% conformity ... | 1982 | 6760504 |
| variable and common antigens of babesia bovis parasites differing in strain and virulence. | virulent and avirulent k strain (kv and ka) and virulent l strain (lv) babesia bovis parasites were biosynthetically labeled with 35s-methionine. labeled proteins, extracted in detergent from infected cultures, were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. protein antigens common to these forms of babesia and those specific for strain and correlating with the degree of virulence were identified by immunoprecipitation with antisera. dominant labeled protein antigens were found to differ b ... | 1982 | 7108225 |
| age resistance in bovine babesiosis: role of blood factors in resistance to babesia bovis. | in vitro cultivation of babesia bovis in erythrocyte cultures demonstrated that blood from young animals contains a factor(s) responsible for their resistance to severe babesiosis. this factor is independent of antibody, is present in the serum of all young animals tested, and is dialyzable. the presence of this factor results in inhibition of parasite multiplication and the eventual death of the parasite while inside the erythrocyte. | 1982 | 7129632 |
| acute babesia bovis infections: metabolic and blood gas changes during infection. | 1982 | 6800561 | |
| the effect of tick control on the epidemiology of bovine babesiosis. | the effect of tick control on the infection rates of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are reported for 6 geographical regions in south africa. under conditions of poor tick control the situation for b. bovis was one of apparent enzootic instability in the 2 regions where its presence was recorded. under similar conditions the situation for b. bigemina was generally stable. with good tick control b. bovis infection rates were reduced to very low levels, with minimal losses being recorded. in th ... | 1983 | 6877790 |
| development of a babesia rodhaini mouse assay for quality control of the serum component of a bovine babesiosis vaccine. | the rodent babesia, babesia rodhaini, survived equally well in basal medium containing either 10 per cent rat serum or 10 per cent bovine serum. as a result, a b rodhaini mouse assay is now performed routinely to determine the suitability of batches of bovine serum for use in a commercial babesia bovis vaccine issued in australia. heat inactivation of bovine serum at 56 degrees c for two hours did not affect the survival of either b bovis or b rodhaini. | 1983 | 6665317 |
| babesial antigens in a saline eluate of sucrose washed bovine erythrocytes infected with babesia bovis. | a saline eluate from sucrose washed bovine erythrocytes infected with babesia bovis contains at least 4 babesial antigens. the antigens are located not only in the parasite but also in the internal matrix of the infected erythrocyte. | 1983 | 6360707 |
| the enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | all six enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis leading to the formation of ump have been demonstrated in whole homogenates from two bovine babesia species, b. bovis and b. bigemina. the specific activities of the respective enzymes were of the same order of magnitude as observed for the related parasite, plasmodium berghei. the results indicate that both these parasites have the potential of obtaining their pyrimidine requirements by de novo synthesis. subcellular fractionation established t ... | 1983 | 6309129 |
| cloning of babesia bovis by in vitro cultivation. | a procedure for cloning babesia bovis was developed. the procedure was used to establish and cultivate homogeneous populations of parasites and to isolate b. bovis from carrier animals. three different clone lines of b. bovis based on in vitro growth rates were established. | 1983 | 6618662 |
| babesia bovis: isolation of a protective antigen by using monoclonal antibodies. | three distinct monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas have been produced against a partly purified protective fraction of babesia bovis. all three stain the parasite or infected erythrocytes or both in precise and different manners when fluorescent-antibody techniques are used. the relevant antigens for each monoclonal antibody were isolated by immunoadsorption, their native molecular weights being 1.3 x 10(6), 180 x 10(3), and 44 x 10(3). each antigen reacted in serological assays with homolo ... | 1983 | 6345394 |
| cell culture-derived babesia bovis vaccine: sequential challenge exposure of protective immunity during a 6-month postvaccination period. | cell culture-derived soluble babesia bovis vaccine admixed with a saponin adjuvant was administered in 2 doses, 3 weeks between doses, to 18 yearling heifers. an additional 9 heifers served as nonvaccinated controls. comparable groups of these animals were challenge exposed at 131 and 178 days after vaccination, using 1 x 10(8) b bovis organisms contained in freshly collected blood from a splenectomized calf with ascending parasitemia. challenge exposure led to no deaths of vaccinated animals, w ... | 1983 | 6354014 |
| the lysate from bovine erythrocytes infected with babesia bovis. analysis of antigens and a report on their immunogenicity when polymerized with glutaraldehyde. | a group of babesia bovis antigens obtained by a lengthy biochemical procedure involving disruption of infected erythrocytes has previously been shown to be highly protective. this study shows that these antigens can be found in a simple lysate of infected erythrocytes. the antigens have been characterized by gel filtration and nitrocellulose transfer and consist of a wide spectrum of molecular sizes. some of the antigens exist in complex form and are easily dissociated. the lysate was polymerize ... | 1983 | 6414195 |
| [existence of tropical babesiasis caused by babesia bovis in guadeloupe (french antilles)]. | 1983 | 6672884 | |
| hypocholesterolemia and hypocortisolemia in acute and terminal babesia bovis infections. | sera from babesia bovis-infected cross-bred cows and purebred steers were evaluated throughout the course of acute babesia bovis infection for cholesterol and cortisol concentrations. cholesterol and cortisol values of surviving cattle became markedly reduced (less than 50% of normal values) during the acute phase of the disease, days 10-15 postinoculation, and returned to essentially normal values by the end of the 35 day experimental period. the combined control group values were approximately ... | 1983 | 6683035 |