Publications

an ecological life history of aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud.		1959	13811731
psychrophilic and mesophilic fungi in fruit-filled pastries.	surveys of the mold flora of frozen blueberry and cherry pastries were undertaken. molds were enumerated by preparing pour plates of the blended product and incubating the plates at 0, 5, 10, and 20 c. in this manner, the total fungal content of the product could be ascertained from the 10 and 20 c plates, and the psychrophilic fungal population was represented by those fungi which grew at 0 and 5 c. the pastry portion, or crust, of the blueberry material was sampled separately from the filling ...	1962	14460237
psychrophilic and mesophilic fungi in frozen food products.	the mold flora of certain frozen pastries and chicken pies was investigated. molds were determined qualitatively or quantitatively, or both, by preparing pour plates of the blended product and incubating the plates at various temperatures. the mesophilic fungal flora developed on plates incubated at 10 and 20 c, whereas psychrophilic fungi were obtained on plates incubated at 0 and 5 c. about 2,000 cultures of fungi, representing about 100 different species, were isolated from various products. ...	1963	13927344
fungi associated with softening of bisulfite-brined cherries.	softening of sound, calcium bisulfite-brined cherries was induced fairly quickly by brining them with cherries rotted by aspergillus niger, cytospora leucostoma, and penicillium expansum, but not with cherries rotted by a variety of other microorganisms, including alternaria sp., aspergillus oryzae, aureobasidium pullulans, botrytis cinerea, cladosporium sp., mucor racemosus, rhizopus stolonifer, and sclerotinia fructicola. rapid softening was correlated with the presence of a bisulfite-stable p ...	1963	16349630
stimulation of rhizomorph development of armillaria mellea by aureobasidium pullulans in artificial culture.		1965	14323046
characteristics of yeasts isolated from pacific crab meat.	a total of 202 cultures of yeasts were isolated and characterized from king crab and dungeness crab meat. a yeastlike organism, resembling aureobasidium pullulans, and 15 different species distributed among the genera rhodotorula, cryptococcus, torulopsis, candida, and trichosporon were represented. nine of the species grew at 5 c or lower. although two of the species grew at 37 c, none of the isolates had the characteristics of pathogenic species. members of the cryptococcus and candida failed ...	1965	5866045
ethanol produced by aureobasidium pullulans and its effect on the growth of armillaria mellea.		1967	5625599
the stimulatory effect of aureobasidium pullulans on rhizomorph development of armillaria mellea in autoclaved soil.		1968	5689251
extracellular proteinases of yeasts and yeastlike fungi.	approximately 800 yeasts and other fungi, representing over 70 species, were tested for extracellular caseinolysis. isolates of a variety of genera, including aureobasidium, cephalosporium, endomycopsis, kluyveromyces, and numerous sporobolomycetes, demonstrated significant proteolytic activity. caseinolysis was not necessarily correlated with gelatin liquefaction or with albuminolysis. numerous fungi showed significant proteolysis at 5 c. the most active organisms were isolates of candida lipol ...	1968	5692110
the biological activity of polysaccharides isolated from rhodotorula glutinis and aureobasidium pullulans.		1969	5312374
[keloid blastomycosis caused by aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud in brittany].		1971	5101951
aureobasidium pullulans as a source of sucrase.		1971	5102518
[extracellar glycan produced by aureobasidium pullulans].		1972	5063436
structure and chemical composition of yeast chlamydospores of aureobasidium pullulans.		1973	4735305
flocculant and chemical properties of a polysaccharide from pullularia pullulans.	an extracellular polysaccharide, pp-floc, was synthesized from glucose by pullularia pullulans (or aureobasidium pullulans) in a pilot plant batch fermentor containing 175 liters of culture medium. at 58 h of fermentation, the concentration of pp-floc was 1.03 g/100 ml, giving a 25.8% conversion of initial glucose to polysaccharide. the flocculant activity of the culture medium increased during the fermentation process and reached its maximum at 50 h of culture age. less pp-floc (0.33 lb/ton of ...	1973	4349250
[the effect of several inorganic salts in the synthetic nutrient medium on the structure and properties of glucan formed by aureobasidium pullulans].		1974	4476075
lesions experimentally produced by fungi implicated in extrinsic allergic alveolitis.	the ability of aureobasidium pullulans, cladosporium herbarum and cryptostroma corticale to produce local lesions in the rabbit was examined. both c. corticale and a. pullulans can survive in vivo and produce the inflammatory response typical of mycetoma. c. herbarum failed to grow or survive in vivo.	1974	4531447
[biodegradation and humification. iv. microorganisms participating in the decomposition of aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud cells].		1974	4822049
synergistic color variants of aureobasidium pullulans.		1975	235088
semisolid fermentation of ryegrass straw.	candida utilis, aureobasidium pullulans, and trichoderma viride were grown on pretreated ryegrass straw. the pretreatment consisted of hydrolysis of straw with 0.5 n h(2)so(4) (water-substrate, 3:1) at 121 c, 100 c, and room temperature and adjustment of the hydrolysate to ph 4.5 to 5.0 with 5 n nh(4)oh. the 121 c pretreatment yielded a material containing 30% sugar and 2.3% n. the fermentation was carried on semisolid substrate (moisture level, 75%) in rotating jars for 2 to 3 days at room temp ...	1975	16350045
paint deterioration as a result of the growth of aureobasidium pullulans on wood.	growth of aureobasidium was noted on both painted and unpainted wood surfaces but not on painted glass slides, indicating that the source of carbon and energy for growth was not associated with paint components but was probably supplied by the wood. several aromatic compounds related to aromatic extractives of wood were shown to support growth of this fungus.	1976	16345176
growth of aureobasidium pullulans on straw hydrolysate.	growth characteristics and cell properties of aureobasidium (pullularia) pullulans were studied. the organism grew well on an acid hydrolysate of ryegrass straw over a wide range of ph and temperature. the optimum temperature and ph for the growth of the organism were 32 degrees c and 5.5, respectively. a cell yield of 1.5 g/liter of straw hydrolysate was obtained. the dried cell mass contained 42.6% crude protein, 0.4% crude fat, and 6.4% nucleic acids. the essential amino acid profile of the m ...	1976	12721
ethanol production during the growth cycle of aureobasidium pullulans.		1976	1035551
cutaneous infection of a porcupine (erethizon dorsatum) by aureobasidium pullulans.	aureobasidium pullulans was repeatedly isolated from a cutaneous infection of a porcupine (erethizon dorsatum). tissue sections revealed fungal filaments similar to those of a. pullulans. this is the first reported association of a. pullulans with a natural infection of either wild or domesticated animals.	1976	1265573
the fungal flora of loganberries in relation to storage and spoilage.	botrytis cinerea, cladosporium spp., penicillium spp., aureobasidium pullulans, mucor mucedo, phoma state of didymella applanata, cryptococcus laurentii var. laurentii, c. albidus var. albidus, candida sake and sporobolomyces roseus were consistently present on freshly harvested loganberries. botrytis cinerea was the main spoilage organism with mucor mucedo of minor importance. the importance of benomyl-resistant strains of b. cinerea is discussed.	1977	557301
fungal antigens as a source of sensitization and respiratory disease in scottish maltworkers.	mycological and serological studies were carried out as part of a survey of respiratory disease in scottish maltworkers. 70% of stained sputum smears from 574 workers showed the presence of higher plant cells and/or myclelia, and the spores of common environmental fungi. penicillium spp. (90%), rhizopus stolonifer (48%) and yeasts (53%) were the dominant fungi in 699 sputum cultures, and showed a similar proportional distribution in 327 samples of grain, malt, culms and dusts from fifty-six malt ...	1977	589785
molds on vegetables at the time of harvest.	the mean numbers of colony-forming units of molds present on vegetables at the time of harvest were in the range of 4.2 x 10(3) to 6.7 x 10(3)/g for all vegetables except cucurbits and asparagus. the numbers were not influenced by cultivars within species, duration of the growing season, distant separation of the growing fields, or elevation above ground. numbers increased with rainfall during either of 3 days before harvest and decreased when the mean daily temperature exceeded 24 degrees c. th ...	1978	646353
occupational hypersensitivity lung disease.	a case of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by an air conditioning unit is presented. aspergillus fumigatus and aureobasidium pullulans were cultured from this unit and antibodies to these organisms were found the patient's blood. the case shows that this disease may present in a very subtle form and may be diagnosed by a culture from the patient's environment and an easily performed blood precipitin test. the importance of searching for this type of lung disease and the need for ...	1978	569690
sugar level, fermentability, and acceptability of straw treated with different acids.	the sugar level, fermentability, and acceptability by voles of ryegrass straw treated with different acids were compared. sugar release was highest with hcl, but acceptability was best with h(3)po(4) treatment. candida utilis grew about equally well on all of the treated samples, except the one treated with 0.5 n hcl. that sample supported no growth, possibly because the level of chloride or degradation products of monomeric sugars was too high. fermentability and palatability of straw were high ...	1978	16345307
growth of aureobasidium pullulans on waste water hemicelluloses.	strain aureobasidium pullulans capable of utilizing hemicelluloses and xylan was cultivated on processed waste dialysis liquor from the production of viscose fibres, containing about 1.5% hemocelluloses. basic conditions of biomass production were tested on a laboratory scale. the dialysis waste liquor adjusted with mineral acids to ph 4--5 and supplemented with 0.05% yeast autolyzate and 0.2% ammonium sulphate affords protein yields of about 0.8 g/l, corresponding to 4.0--4.5 g dry biomass. bio ...	1979	43276
in situ x-ray energy dispersive microanalysis of polyphosphate bodies in aureobasidium pullulans.		1979	90734
aureobasidium pullulans metabolism of prostaglandins of the a-type.	aureobasidium pullulans, originally introduced as an inadvertent contaminant in solutions used for evaluating the stability of prostaglandins, proved to lead to the rapid disappearance of the cyclopentenone unit of pga2 (as monitored by circular dichroic spectroscopy). the cyclopentenone unit is converted, in various metabolites, to a 9-keto, 9 alpha or 9 beta-hydroxy group lacking the ring unsaturation. the major etoac-soluble 9-hydroxy metabolite (compound-i) was shown to be 9 alpha, 15 alpha- ...	1979	375316
[variability of aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud induced by n-nitrosomethylurea].	the effect of nitrosomethylurea (nmu) at concentrations of 0.2 to 1.0 on aureobasidium pullulans, strain 8, producing the polysaccharide glucan was studied. the doses of mutagen with the survival of the cells from 0.02 to 8.9% caused high morphological variability of the microorganism and favoured the production of the polysaccharide. the moderate action of the mutagen (0.5% of nmu for three hours) with the survival of the cells about 1.0% was found to be most optimal for the induction of varian ...	1980	7190213
morphological changes during the life cycle of aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud.	aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud was isolated from different natural materials plant blossoms in particular. elements of vegetative multiplication, structure of colonies and cultures in liquid media were analyzed in detail, leading to construction of the life cycle of this organism. morphological polymorphism was found to be combined with the production of melanin and the polysaccharide pullulan. morphological analysis served for a directed selection for studies of physiological properti ...	1980	7353807
biochemical similarities among strains of aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud.	seventy-seven properties of aureobasidium pullulans including utilization of various carbon sources, decomposition of the lignin-cellulose complex and the respective enzymes were checked in the present communication. according to these properties the group of 43 strains was separated in three parts, out of which two groups were found to belong to varieties a. pullulans var. pullulans and a. pullulans var. melanigenum. the third group formed a marginal part. the two varieties differed in numerous ...	1980	7353808
[mould allergy (author's transl)].	290 asthmatic patients with positive skin tests for mould allergens were analyzed retrospectively. the relationship between skin test and inhalative provocation test was investigated with regard to single allergens and polyvalent mould sensitivity. with 4 commercially available moulds the relationship between skin test, provocation test and rast was investigated too. alternaria alternata occupies a special position. tests with alternaria alternata, aureobasidium pullulans, penicillium notatum, f ...	1980	7395259
new method of producing protoplasts of aureobasidium pullulans.	a rapid and relatively inexpensive method for producing protoplasts of the black yeast aureobasidium pullulans is described. the procedure involves anaerobic incubation with the lytic preparation driselase.	1980	16345558
effects of heavy metal pollution on oak leaf microorganisms.	during the growing season, comparisons were made of the leaf surface microflora of (i) two groups of mature oak trees, one in the vicinity of a smelting complex contaminated by heavy metals and the other at a relatively uncontaminated site, and (ii) two groups of oak saplings at the uncontaminated site, one of which was sprayed with zinc, lead, and cadmium to simulate the heavy metal pollution from the smelter without the complicating effects of other pollutants. total viable counts of bacteria, ...	1980	16345669
influence of zinc, lead, and cadmium pollutants on the microflora of hawthorn leaves.	transect studies were conducted to determine the relative effects of zinc, lead, and cadmium pollution on microorganisms occurring on hawthorn leaves at varying distances from a smelting complex.sporobolomyces roseus was absent from the most heavily contaminated leaves but, although lead was inhibitory, other environmental factors were also important in determining its overall population level. conversely,aureobasidium pullulans and nonpigmented yeasts showed a significant partial positive corre ...	1980	24227130
inorganic sulfur oxidation by aureobasidium pullulans.	aureobasidium pullulans (de bary) arnaud isolated from the phylloplane of sycamore exposed to heavy atmospheric pollution oxidized s to s(2)o(3), s(4)o(6), and so(4) in vitro. the intermediates s(2)o(3) and s(4)o(6) were also oxidized to so(4). cell-free extracts of a. pullulans also oxidized reduced forms of s, the oxidation increasing linearly with increasing protein concentration, showing that the process is enzymatic. the possible role of fungi in s oxidation in soils is discussed.	1981	16345859
influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on the transition from yeast-like cells to chlamydospores in aureobasidium pullulans.	the transition from yeast-like cells to chlamydospores of aureobasidium pullulans can be induced by growing the microorganism on a glucose medium with a limiting nitrogen source and a low buffer capacity. when glucose is used as the carbon source, a concentration higher than 3% (w/v) is required to induce the transition. on the other hand, growth limiting concentrations of the n source (ammonium sulphate) are not required, and higher concentrations actually stimulate the appearance of chlamydosp ...	1981	7196201
effect of sugars on the morphogenesis of aureobasidium pullulans.		1981	7196866
influence of ph on the transition from yeast-like cells to chlamydospores in aureobasidium pullulans.	when a. pullulans is grown on a glucose medium with a limiting nitrogen source and low buffer capacity, the yeast-like cells that are originally present undergo a transition to chlamydospores. the initial ph must be around 6 for the transition to take place under optimal conditions. on the above-mentioned medium ph decreases to values below 2 in the first two days; if this decrease is prevented, either by buffering the medium or by repeatedly adjusting the ph to its original value no chlamydospo ...	1981	7198891
[allergic alveolitis as a result of mold on the bedroom wall].	a 23-year-old woman patient became seriously ill with the typical signs and symptoms of allergic alveolitis and with deep hypoxemia during exercise. a broad spectrum of positive precipitating antibodies was found in the serum, mainly against penicillium casei and aureobasidium pullulans. although she was intensively questioned on hobbies and on possible antigens at home and at work, it was only possible to trace an antigen source after a controlled antigen free period away from home in another e ...	1981	6791276
[dimorphism of fungi - review of the literature].	a recherche of 260 publications about dimorphism of fungi was elaborated. beginning with the term dimorphism of fungi a description was represented of the distribution in the classes of the fungi, the ontogenesis of both types of the growth, the habits of dimorphic species of fungi, the conditions of the cultivation for the induction and maintenance of the dimorphic growth, mutants of dimorphic species of fungi, the physiology and biochemistry of cellular and filamentous forms of growth of speci ...	1981	6815922
[occupation-related lung diseases in hard metal production and manufacturing. an allergic process?].	the clinical heterogeneity of hard metal disease lung with its two basic forms, i.e. hart metal pneumonitis and hard metal asthma, supports the view of different pathogenetic mechanisms. cobalt, which is generally considered the noxious agent in hard metal diseases, is cytotoxic on the one hand and allergenic on the other. four typical, extensively investigated cases are presented, i.e. hard metal pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, toxic-irritative hard metal asthma and allergic cobal ...	1982	7134942
simplified microassay for pullulan synthesis.	a simple radiometric microassay for extracellular polysaccharide elaboration by yeast-like cells of aureobasidium pullulans was developed, based upon a procedure originally described by catley (febs lett. 20:174-176, 1972). incorporation of [c]glucose into pullulan was linear with respect to time and cell dose. the ph and temperature optima for elaboration were 5.3 and 30 degrees c, respectively. polysaccharide elaboration declined linearly with culture age.	1982	16345955
pullulan elaboration by aureobasidium pullulans protoplasts.	protoplasts of aureobasidium pullulans are capable of producing pullulan. biosynthesis of the polymer pullulan required induction with kinetics similar to those of whole cells. the protoplasts also produced a heteropolysaccharide component containing mannose, glucose, and galactose. the relative proportions of the pullulan and heteropolysaccharide fractions were a function of glucose concentration, with the pullulan content of the total polysaccharide rising from 20% at 2.5 mm glucose to 45% at ...	1982	16346047
saprophytic fungi isolated from the hair of domestic and laboratory animals with suspected dermatophytosis.	hair samples from domestic and laboratory animals with suspected dermatophytosis were examined for the presence of saprophytic fungi. a nutritionally poor base medium, developed by the author, was used in the isolation and identification of the saprophytes. three hundred and ninety-four specimens were examined of which 246 were from dogs, 75 from cats, 30 from horses, 19 from cows, 12 from guinea pigs, 5 from rats, 2 from parakeets, 2 from chinchillas and one each from a goat, a mink and a lesse ...	1983	6669166
[comparative study of the pullulans synthesized by pollularia (aureobasidium) pullulans strains of different ploidies].	pullularia pullulans strains of different ploidy synthesize pullulans similar in their characteristics to those described in literature. these are glucans whose glucose residues are linked with alpha(1 leads to 4) and alpha(1 leads to 6) bonds in the proportion of 2.2:1. the pullulans differ from one another in their water solubility, molecular mass and in the ability to be cleaved by alpha-amylase and dextranase. the minor structural modifications of pullulan molecules in the polyploid strains ...	1983	6686646
the use of solid medium to study effects of cadmium, copper and zinc on yeasts and yeast-like fungi: applicability and limitations.	a defined solid medium has been used to examine the responses of aureobasidium pullulans, saccharomyces cerevisiae and sporobolomyces roseus to cadmium, copper and zinc. experiments where aliquot volumes of metal salt solutions were added to wells in the centre of agar plates revealed marked differences between these organisms. the yeast-like fungus a. pullulans was the least sensitive but s. cerevisiae was more sensitive to cadmium than zinc: the reverse was true for s. roseus. quantitative dat ...	1983	6343331
mycoflora of the human dermal surfaces.	the mycotic flora of the scalp and interdigital areas of the hand and foot of 1296 apparently healthy human inhabitants of three amazonian communities were surveyed by means of microscopic examination of epidermal scrapings and cultural isolation on mycosel agar. no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of fungal infection was detected in any of our study subjects. from 133 (10%) individuals, 143 fungi representing 13 genera and 39 species were recovered. yeasts constituted 85% of the fungi. seven ...	1984	6509388
the induction of mycelial development in aureobasidium pullulans (imi 45533) by yeast extract.	germ tube and subsequent mycelial development from yeast-like and swollen cells of aureobasidium pullulans (imi 45533) was induced by yeast extract in defined liquid medium. this morphogenetic transition was dependent on inoculum size; ph effects were not involved and once mycelial development was induced in the cells it continued even in the absence of yeast extract. the progeny of mycelium and future generations were unaffected by yeast extract. cessation of germination was not due to any obvi ...	1984	6541457
composition of regenerated cell walls of reverting aureobasidium pullulans protoplasts.	protoplasts of aureobasidium pullulans, formed by treating normal blastospores with polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, synthesized glycans when incubated in shallow culture. the polysaccharides formed a loose, thick coating on the cells. the glycans that were formed are similar to the glycans in normal cell walls; however, they lack the branching that is normally found. this result is consistent with the findings of others who have studied the cell wall composition of reverting yeast protoplast ...	1984	16346528
peat hydrolysate medium optimization for pullulan production.	peat hydrolysate, a diluted acid-autoclaved extract of peat, was used as a substrate for the production of the extracellular polysaccharide pullulan by three strains of aureobasidium pullulans, 140b, 142, and 2552. it was found that the addition of (nh(4))(2)so(4) and k(2)hpo(4) as sources of nitrogen and phosphate, respectively, is not necessary for the polysaccharide production. the economically optimized culture medium for large-scale production of pullulan contains peat hydrolysate, 0.05% na ...	1984	16346596
pressate from peat dewatering as a substrate for bacterial growth.	this study considered the possibility of using water expressed during the drying of fuel-grade peat as a substrate for microbial growth. highly humified peat pressed for 2.5 min at 1.96 mpa produced water with a chemical oxygen demand of 690 mg/liter. several biological compounds could be produced by using the organic matter in expressed peat water as a substrate. these included polymers such as chitosan, contained in the cell wall of rhizopus arrhizus, and two extracellular polysaccharides, xan ...	1985	16346834
synthesis of polysaccharide by yeast-like forms of aureobasidium pullulans.		1985	18553601
effect of ph on the batch fermentation of pullulan from sucrose medium.	two strains of the yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans 2552 and 140b have been used for the fermentative production of the polysaccharide pullulan from a sucrose synthetic medium. in the batch fermentation, either in erlenmeyers or in the fermentor, the ph of the culture medium was decreased rapidly from its initial ph value of 5.5 to the self-stabilized final value of 2.5 within 24 h. experiments on the effect of initial ph on the fermentation revealed that at very low initial ph values, ...	1985	18553657
association of anurans with pathogenic fungi.	in a study of 450 amazonian anurans, we isolated yeasts and yeast-like fungi from 54 animals (bufo granulosus, b. marinus, dendrophrynyscus sp., hyla geographica, h. lanciformes, ololygon rubra, adenomera hylaedactyla, eleutherodactylus fenestratus, leptodactylus fuscus, l. ocellatus, l. pentadactylus). the internal organs of these animals did not show any macroscopic anomaly nor histopathology. we recovered 105 fungal isolates from the anuran liver, lung, kidney, spleen, heart and gonad. the is ...	1985	4069190
frame fungi on insulated windows.	insulated windows (fixed triple glass window elements), became common in finland during and after the energy crisis. moisture tends to condense along the edges causing mold growth on the frames. nine houses with insulated glass windows and eight with other types of window were studied. fungus samples were taken from the window edges and from the inside air and cultivated on malt extract agar. in five of the houses with insulated windows there was visible mold growth on the window edges. the pred ...	1985	4091232
systemic infection with aureobasidium pullulans in a leukaemic patient.	aureobasidium pullulans, a conidial fungus widely distributed in the environment, was repeatedly isolated from the blood of a 28-year-old man with acute myeloid leukaemia. amphotericin b failed to eliminate the organism.	1986	3466961
opportunistic infection of the spleen caused by aureobasidium pullulans.	the mold aureobasidium pullulans was isolated on several nutrient media from a splenic abscess in a patient with disseminated lymphoma. examination of stained smears and paraffin sections revealed fungal structures characteristic of this organism. this is the first reported association of a. pullulans with an opportunistic visceral infection.	1986	3711270
ascorbic acid specific utilization by some yeasts.	one hundred and eighty strains of yeasts belonging to 17 genus and 53 species were screened for their ability to grow on ascorbic acid and iso-ascorbic acid as the sole carbon source. most of the tested strains (157) were unable to grow on either compound. strains of seven species of the genus cryptococcus, of two candida species, of filobasidiella neoformans, trichosporon cutaneum, lipomyces starkeyi, hansenula capsulata, and one strain of aureobasidium pullulans were able to grow on ascorbic a ...	1986	3779527
rheometry of fermentation liquids.	this article is concerned with the measurements of rheological properties of nonhomogeneous fermentation liquids. in order to determine the flow curves of such liquids, an impeller measuring system of own design was used, and the method of calibration of the system is presented. the experimental verification was carried out using samples of fermentation broth of aureobasidium pullulans and it has been shown that the applied measuring technique gives internally consistent results. the sensitivity ...	1986	18553864
color variants of aureobasidium pullulans overproduce xylanase with extremely high specific activity.	xylanase activity from naturally occurring color variants of aureobasidium pullulans was associated with extracellular monomeric proteins of 20 to 21 kilodaltons. xylanase represented nearly half the total extracellular protein, with a yield of up to 0.3 g of xylanase per liter. the specific activity of partially purified xylanase exceeded 2,000 iu/mg. xylanase from typically pigmented strains appeared similar to that from color variants with respect to molecular weight, ph and temperature optim ...	1986	16347200
[morphogenesis and enzymes of a wild strain and a mutant of aureobasidium pullulans].	a. pullulans was able to produce several morphological growth forms, including yeast forms (blastospores, swollen cells and chlamydospores) and filamentous forms (true hyphae and pseudomycelium). morphological types were dependent on the chemical composition of the media. in nutrient broth medium, culture contained 71% blastospores and 29% pseudomycelium; in yeast extract (ye) medium, 59% blastospores and 41% true mycelium were observed, but not pseudomycelium. mutagenic treatment by nitrosoguan ...	1987	3606877
[effect of the conditions for culturing aureobasidium pullulans d-by arnaud (1910) on the physicochemical characteristics of aubazidan].	physicochemical characteristics of several aubazidan lots were studied. it was shown that the polysaccharide drug consisted of three fractions. this means that aubazidan is a polydisperse polymer. the polysaccharide structure and properties such as solubility, velocity and optical parameters markedly depended on the cultivation conditions of the organism producing aubazidan. this could be due to different activity of the enzyme responsible for synthesis of the aubazidan molecule.	1987	3674834
[evolution of several enzyme activities of aureobasidium pullulans during the transition from yeast to mycelium induced by ethanol].	some key enzyme activities from the energy metabolism of a. pullulans have been studied during the ethanol-induced yeast-to-mycelium transition. both the mycelial and yeast-like forms showed greater glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity than phosphofructokinase. during the morphological transition, the most outstanding variations occurred in large cells (3 days), especially for citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase activities. however, similar variations were detected ...	1987	3268291
medical significance of the so-called black yeasts.	infections caused by the black yeasts (leveduras pretas) are reviewed with respect to their clinical manifestations, classification under the umbrella term, phaeohyphomycosis, and differentiation from chromoblastomycosis. data on the prevalence of black yeasts submitted to a national reference diagnostic center are provided. cases of phaeohyphomycosis caused by aureobasidium pullulans, exophiala jeanselmei, e. moniliae, e. spinifera, phaeoannelomyces werneckii, phaeosclera dematioides, sarcinomy ...	1987	3301395
[solid phase radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of antigen-specific igg-antibodies in the serum of patients with farmer's lung].	in this study we have investigated a number of technical aspects of a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (microtitre-plate ria) for the quantitative determination of antigen-specific igg antibodies in the sera of patients suffering from farmer's lung. microtitre-plates were coated with antigens of aspergillus fumigatus, micropolyspora faeni, aureobasidium pullulans, alternaria tenuis, thermoactinomyces vulgaris and hay. optimal antigen concentration and serum dilution were determined, the te ...	1987	3121779
black fungi: a survey of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from clinical specimens identified over a five year period in a reference laboratory.	five hundred and fifty six dematiaceous hyphomycetes, the great majority referred from other laboratories, were identified by us over a five year period. of these, thirty five were regarded as being of probable pathogenetic significance. these included seven isolates associated with chromoblastomycosis, and seven isolates thought to be causing phaeohyphomycosis. there were six strains of phaeoannellomyces werneckii and five strains of sporothrix schenckii. seven isolates, all strains of aureobas ...	1987	3431915
humidifier lung and humidifier fever.	the aim of our study was to evaluate clinical diagnoses in symptomatic persons exposed to aerosols from humidifiers or air conditioners. in addition, we tried to identify the causative antigens. results of clinical investigations, including inhalation challenge tests, demonstrated a typical hypersensitivity pneumonitis (humidifier lung) in 9 persons and isolated systemic symptoms without significant changes in lung function and chest x-rays (humidifier fever) in 3 persons. microbiological studie ...	1988	3130530
element localisation and distribution in the fungi aureobasidium pullulans and aspergillus niger, measured using the oxford scanning proton microprobe.	the distribution and relative concentrations of essential elements were determined in germ tubes of aureobasidium pullulans and hyphae of aspergillus niger using the oxford scanning proton microprobe. in both fungi, k, p and s were the major constituents, with ca, na and trace metals like cu, mn, fe and zn present at lower levels. in a. pullulans, elements were not distributed uniformly throughout the cells and, in general, the highest elemental concentrations occurred at the tip and in the olde ...	1988	3251683
outbreak of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in an industrial setting.	symptoms consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis developed in several workers in two multistory buildings in an industrial complex. a health questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the extent of the problem. eighty-seven percent of the population of 1050 employees completed the health questionnaire. serological testing identified 152 positive precipitin reactors to the fungus aureobasidium pullulans; 115 reactors were symptomatic. the clinical and laboratory features at the time of ...	1988	3346977
growth and macromolecular content of the dimorphic fungus aureobasidium pullulans and the effect of hydroxyurea and other inhibitors.	the growth kinetics and the macromolecular content of the yeast and ethanol-induced hyphal forms of aureobasidium pullulans were studied. during the morphological transition from yeasts to hyphae, both the protein and rna content decreased significantly, the mycelial form containing only 76% of the amount of protein in the yeasts, and 38% of the rna. the dna was the only component tested whose level increased during the transition. among several compounds inhibiting macromolecular synthesis, onl ...	1988	3389772
[induction of cellulases and xylanases in aureobasidium pullulans].	the specificity or induction of wood-degrading enzymes using series of mono, di or polysaccharides as carbon source for the yeasts geotrichum candidum and trychosporon penicillatum and the yeast-like organism aureobadidium pullulans were studied. the strain a. pullulans was the only one that when xylan or "steam exploded wood" were used as carbon source all the enzymes tested were found. this strain was unable to grow on carboxymethyl or avicel cellulose. d-xylose was the nutritional inducer of ...	1988	3268297
[house dust mold in istanbul. i. detection of mold flora in bed dust].	in our study, mycological analyses were carried out on 110 randomly chosen houses for bed dusts. 748 mould strains belonging to 117 genus and species were isolated and identified. air-borne pathogenic fungi, fungi that are causative agents of pulmonary allergy such as cladosporium spp., aspergillus glaucus group, alternaria, ulocladium, aureobasidium pullulans, aspergillus niger group were isolated.	1988	3273596
batch kinetics of microbial polysaccharide biosynthesis.	a modified form of logistic equation has been proposed to quantity the batch kinetics of microbial growth during the biosynthesis of extra- and intracellular polymers. based on the experimental data developed in this study, the proposed model appeared to provide adequate growth and fermentation kinetics of aureobasidium pullulans. the model was also applicable for representing the reported data on pullulan, xanthan, and poly-beta-hydroxybutyricacid. in comparison to the logistic and monod kineti ...	1988	18587764
humidifier lung and humidifier fever.	the aim of our study was to evaluate clinical diagnoses in symptomatic persons exposed to aerosols from humidifiers or air conditioners. in addition, we tried to identify the causative antigens. results of clinical investigations, including inhalation challenge tests, demonstrated a typical hypersensitivity pneumonitis (humidifier lung) in 9 persons and isolated systemic symptoms without significant changes in lung function and chest x-rays (humidifier fever) in 3 persons. microbiological studie ...	1988	27519372
the influence of ph on trace element uptake by an alga (scenedesmus pannonicus subsp. berlin) and fungus (aureobasidium pullulans).	experiments were carried oud in order to obtain information on the uptake characteristics of metals in the algal and fungus components of lichens. the uptake of (115)cd, (65)zn, (64)cu, (140)la, (187)w, (75)se, and (76)as in the alga scenedesmus pannonicus, subsp. berlin and the fungus aureobasidium pullulans was determined during 11 days of incubation at ph 5 and ph 7. the results indicate different acid-sensitivity of the alga and the fungus. the metal uptake in the alga was generally faster a ...	1988	24248629
the influence of pre-treatment, temperature and calcium ions on trace element uptake by an alga (scenedesmus pannonicus subsp. berlin) and fungus (aureobasidium pullulans).	experiments were carried out in order to obtain information on the uptake characteristics of metals in the algal and fungal components of lichens. the uptake of (115)cd, (65)zn, (64)cu, (140)la, (187)w and (76)as in the alga scenedesmus pannonicus, subsp. berlin and the fungus aureobasidium pullulans was determined at ph 7 and 5 respectively, in 4 h experiments varying with respect to temperature and ca(2+) solution concentrations. furthermore, the effects of pre-rinsing the cell suspensions on ...	1989	24243108
production of exopolysaccharide pullulan from inulin by a mixed culture of aureobasidium pullulans and kluyveromyces fragilis.		1989	18587852
biosynthesis of pullulan using immobilized aureobasidium pullulans cells.	immobilization of aureobasidium pullulans by adsorption on solid supports and entrapment in open pore polyurethane foam were attempted. by adsorption, the highest cell loading of 0.012-0.018 g dry wt/cm(2) support was obtained in ph 2.0 medium. under this acidic condition, the net surface charges (zeta potentials) of both the cells and supports were close to zero and no pullulan was synthesized. cationic coatings of cytodex and polyethylenimine were not efficient in enhancing the binding strengt ...	1989	18587918
polysaccharide production and morphology of aureobasidium pullulans in continuous culture.		1989	18588040
colonization of a submersed aquatic plant, eurasian water milfoil (myriophyllum spicatum), by fungi under controlled conditions.	a laboratory assay to assess colonization of a submersed aquatic plant, eurasian water milfoil (myriophyllum spicatum), by fungi was developed and used to evaluate the colonization potential of colletotrichum gloeosporioides, acremonium curvulum, cladosporium herbarum, aureobasidium pullulans, a paecilomyces sp., and an unidentified sterile, septate fungus. stem segments of plants were first immersed in suspensions of fungal propagules for 24 h and then washed to remove all but the tightly attac ...	1989	16348013
[various sensitivities of yeasts to lycorine].	lycorine, an amaryllidaceae alkaloid, is a powerful inhibitor of growth in higher plants and algae. thirty-one strains of yeasts, belonging to different genera and species, were screened to study the effect of lycorine on their growth. the strains were incubated at 25 degrees c in a 2% glucose medium with different concentrations of lycorine (10, 50 and 100 microm), and their growth after 72 hours was evaluated. most of the strains showed no sensitivity to lycorine. however, in schizosaccharomyc ...	1989	2611011
[role of fungi in house dust allergy in patients with bronchial asthma].	the aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of skin hyperreactivity to fungi in patients with bronchial asthma and demonstrating skin sensitivity to house dust. in 50 patients skin tests with 24 allergen solutions of fungi found most often in house dust. positive skin tests were found in 92% of the evaluated patients. reactions to fungi allergens were seen more often than to dermatophagoides pteronyssimus. most often skin reactivity toward the following fungal allergens were seen: cand ...	1989	2631051
the characteristics of aureobasidium pullulans fermentation process.	the fermentation kinetics, rheological property and oxygen mass transfer coefficient were studied for the fermentation process of aureobasidium pullulans. a mathematical kinetic model based on the logistic equation and luedeking-piret model has been established with the experimental results. the rheology of the fermentation broth behaves as pseudoplastic non-newtonian fluid. the oxygen mass transfer coefficient decreases during the fermentation process, an exponential equation has been postulate ...	1990	2132130
cross-reactivity among antigens of different air-borne fungi detected by elisa using five monoclonal antibodies against penicillium notatum.	cross-reactivity among antigens of 12 genera of air-borne fungi, 13 species of penicillium, and 5 species of aspergillus was studied by elisa using five monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against penicillium notatum. epitopes recognized by all the five moabs were susceptible to treatment of mild periodate oxidation and may therefore be associated with carbohydrates. furthermore, our results showed that there is cross-reactivity among antigens of penicillium, aspergillus, and eurotium species. by usin ...	1990	2178052
enhancement and stabilization of the production of glucoamylase by immobilized cells of aureobasidium pullulans in a fluidized-bed reactor.	glucoamylase production by aureobasidium pullulans a-124 was compared in free-living cells, cells immobilized in calcium alginate gel beads aerated on a rotary shaker (agitation rate 150 rpm), and immobilized cells aerated in an air bubble column reactor. fermentation conditions in the bioreactor were established for bead concentration, substrate (starch) concentration, calcium chloride addition to the fermentation medium, and rate of aeration. production of glucoamylase was optimized at approxi ...	1990	1366744
effect of simulated acid rain on quantity of epiphytic microfungi on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles.	the effects of simulated acid rain on the phyllosphere microflora of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were studied experimentally in northern finland during the summer of 1988. trees were irrigated with artificial acid rain of ph4 and ph3 (h(2)so(4) and hno(3), weight ratio of s:n=2.86:1). untreated trees and trees irrigated with spring water (ph6) were used as controls. two sampling heights (0.5m and 2m) were used. the needles were colonized exclusively by epiphytic fungi, mainly aureobasidium pullul ...	1990	15092206
production of amylases by yeasts.	yeasts (228) isolated for natural habitats were screened for their ability to produce amylases in semisolid medium of wheat bran. strains of aureobasidium pullulans, candida famata, and candida kefyr showed high enzymatic activity for a-amylase, glucoamylase, and debranching enzyme. key words: aureobasidium, candida, amylolytic yeasts, a-amylase, glucoamylase.	1990	22049934
the interaction of xylanases with commercial pulps.	when purified xylanases from trichoderma harzianum e58 or from a clone of bacillus circulans were incubated with various low-yield wood pulps, little of the original enzyme activity could be detected in the filtrate at the end of the reaction. partial bleaching of the pulps prior to enzymatic treatment generally resulted in an increased recovery of the xylanase activity. it appears that both nonspecific adsorption and soluble inhibitors may be responsible for the loss of much of the xylanase act ...	1991	18597365
effect of surface sterilization, fumigation and gamma irradiation on the microflora and germination of barley seeds.	sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and mercuric chloride (hgcl2) surface sterilization, methyl bromide and propylene oxide fumigation and gamma irradiation treatments were compared for their effectiveness in killing microorganisms on or within barley seeds. surface sterilization with 12.5, 25 or 50% (v/v) naocl for 5, 15 or 30 min, decreased fusarium spp., epicoccum purpurascens, and bacillus spp. but did not kill alternaria alternata. however, surface sterilization with 0.1 or 0.2% (w/v) hgcl2 for 3 m ...	1991	1863528
silver tolerance and accumulation in yeasts.	debaryomyces hansenii (ncyc 459 and strain 75-21), candida albicans (3153a), saccharomyces cerevisiae (x2180-1b), rhodotorula rubra (ncyc 797) and aureobasidium pullulans (imi 45533 and atcc 42371) were grown on solid medium supplemented with varying concentrations of agno3. although ag+ is highly toxic towards yeasts, growth on solid media was still possible at ag concentrations of 1-2 mm. further subculture on higher ag concentrations (up to 5 mm) resulted in elevated tolerance. the extent of ...	1991	1878280
aureobasidins, new antifungal antibiotics. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, and properties.	aureobasidins a to r were isolated from the fermentation broth of aureobasidium pullulans r106. aureobasidins are cyclic depsipeptide antibiotics with mw's ranging from 1.070 to 1,148. aureobasidins showed high in vitro antifungal activity against candida albicans.	1991	1938613
structure of aureobasidin a.	aureobasidin a, a new antifungal antibiotic, was isolated from the culture medium of aureobasidium pullulans r106. aureobasidin a was a cyclic depsipeptide consisting of eight alpha-amino acid units and one hydroxy acid unit. the structures of the units were found by acid hydrolysis of the antibiotic to be 2(r)-hydroxy-3(r)-methylpentanoic acid, beta-hydroxy-n-methyl-l-valine, n-methyl-l-valine, l-proline, allo-l-isoleucine, n-methyl-l-phenylalanine, l-leucine, and l-phenyl-alanine. the sequence ...	1991	1938614
genetic transformation of aureobasidium pullulans.	aureobasidium pullulans strain y117 was transformed to hygromycin resistance using plasmid pdh33, which contains the bacterial hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph) fused to promoter elements of the aspergillus niger glucoamylase gene (glaa). southern hybridizations of transformants revealed multiple, integrated copies of the vector. the glaa promoter was not induced by starch in a. pullulans as it is in a. niger; however, the transcriptional start points were the same in both species.	1991	1369347
characterization of a monoclonal antibody (p40) against the 68 kd major allergen of penicillium notatum.	a monoclonal antibody (moab p40) against the 68 kd major allergen of penicillium notatum (p. notatum) was obtained by immunizing the mouse with a crude extract of p. notatum. analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, p40 reacted with two different isoforms of the 68 kd component of p. notatum with pis of 5.4 and 5.5. in addition to p. notatum, p40 showed positive elisa activity to aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) but not to components of six other fungi including al ...	1992	1377093
increased prevalence of igg-induced sensitization and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (humidifier lung) in nonsmokers exposed to aerosols of a contaminated air conditioner.	specific igg antibodies against antigens of a contaminated air conditioner were estimated in serum of 134 workers of a printing company. altogether 64% of the workers investigated revealed significantly elevated levels (> 3 u/ml) of igg antibodies specific to these antigens as compared to a nonexposed control group. the occurrence of igg antibodies for microbial extracts were 25% for fusarium, 23% for penicillium notatum, 13% for alternaria tenuis, 12% for aureobasidium pullulans, 9% for sphaero ...	1992	1485005