Publications

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the production of yeast-growth stimulants by the molds: i. aspergillus niger, trichoderma lignorum, and aspergillus clavatus. 193116559501
gliotoxin, a fungistatic metabolic product of trichoderma viride. 194521004533
the production of viridin by pigment-forming strains of trichoderma viride. 194620997959
transformation of progesterone to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by trichoderma viride pers. ex fries. 195613314645
[experiments on the isolation of a microorganism capable of litocholic acid degradation. iii. oxidation of steroids by trichoderma viride]. 195613354302
induction of cellulase in trichoderma viride as influenced by carbon sources and metals. 195713416182
microbial pentosanases. iii. some factors affecting the production of pentosanases by aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride. 195913629390
synthesis of lipids from [2-14c]acetate and [14c]glucose by trichoderma viride. 196114448446
sophorose as an inducer of cellulase in trichoderma viride.mandels, mary (quartermaster research and engineering center, natick, mass.), fredrick w. parrish, and elwyn t. reese. sophorose as an inducer of cellulase in trichoderma viride. j. bacteriol. 83:400-408. 1962.-the impurity in glucose responsible for cellulase induction in trichoderma viride qm 6a has been isolated and characterized as sophorose (2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose). it is present at 0.0058% in reagent grade glucose. sophorose is a very powerful inducer of cellulase for trichode ...196214469205
effect of duramycin on some isolates of trichoderma viride. 196314076756
multiplicity of the cellulolytic system of trichoderma viride ii. 196414202230
individual roles of cellulase components derived from trichoderma viride. 19655893218
morphogenesis in trichoderma: suppression of photoinduction by 5-fluorouracil.sporulation in the fungus trichoderma viride is inducible with a short light pulse. 5-fluorouracil applied prior to photoinduction and removed thereafter suppressed sporulation without greatly aflecting growth. this compound also halved the rate of incorporation of uracil-c(14) into rna but did not change the ratio of uridylic to cytidylic acid. the effect of 5-fluorouracil was counteracted by uracil but not by thymidine. this supports the hypothesis that 5-fluorouracil affects rna rather than d ...19665948551
malathion degradation by trichoderma viride and a pseudomonas species.malathion was found to be metabolized quickly by a soil fungus, trichoderma viride, and a bacterium, pseudomonas sp., which were originally found in soils from northern ohio that had been sprayed heavily with insecticides. results of a survey of the breakdown capabilities of 16 variants of t. viride revealed that certain colonies from this species had a very marked ability to breakdown malathion through the action of a carboxylesterase(s). the enzymes can be made soluble by preparing the acetone ...19665950619
u-21,963, a new antibiotic. i. discovery and biological activity.a new antibiotic, u-21,963, is produced by a new strain of trichoderma viride. antibiotic activity can be demonstrated against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and also against a wide variety of fungi. u-21,963 is not cross-resistant with other commonly used antibiotics. u-21,963 afforded no protection against klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, or staphylococcus aureus when it was injected subcutaneously into mice.19664959076
diphenamid metabolism in plants.diphenamid, a herbicide, is metabolized to n-methyl 2,2-diphenylacetamide and 2,2-diphenylacetamide by the common soil fungi trichoderma viride and aspergillus candidus within 48 hours. the two metabolites are more toxic than diphenamid to both tomato and barnyard-grass seedlings under sterile conditions. this finding indicates that the phytotoxic moiety is not diphenamid but one of its metabolites-probably the n-methyl derivative.196717738227
a polypeptide antibacterial agent isolated from trichoderma viride. 19674962017
[metabolism of aromatic compounds by trichoderma lignorum (tode) harz; preliminary study]. 19674964620
the role of nutrients and ph in reversing fungistasis of conidia of trichoderma viride. 19676068131
the cellulase of trichoderma viride. separation of the components involved in the solubilization of cotton.1. culture filtrates from trichoderma viride have been fractionated by gel filtration on sephadex g-75 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae- and se-sephadex. 2. the components essential for attack on cotton are a carboxymethylcellulase, a cellobiase and a third (c(1)) component which has no action on cm-cellulose, cellobiose or cotton. 3. these components, which together can completely convert cotton into water-soluble products, lose this ability when separated and regain it quantitat ...19676069203
effect of atrazine on growth response of sclerotium rolfsii and trichoderma viride. 19676070712
degradation of insecticides by a soil fungus, trichoderma viride. 19685659010
the glycosulphatase of trichoderma viride.the growth of the mould trichoderma viride on a defined medium containing either potassium d-glucose 6-o-sulphate or potassium d-galactose 6-o-sulphate as sole sources of both carbon and sulphur is marked by the production of an enzyme system capable of liberating inorganic so(4) (2-) ions from either of the sulphate esters. the enzyme is not produced when the organism is grown with glucose (or galactose) and potassium sulphate or with glucose and methionine as sole sources of carbon and sulphur ...19685691197
cellulase components from trichoderma viride. 19685723091
effect of atrazine on growth activity of sclerotium rolfsii and trichoderma viride in soil. 19685751554
morphogenesis in trichoderma: action spectrum of photoinduced sporulation.an action spectrum for photoinduced sporulation (conidia formation) in trichoderma viride is presented. the detectable quantum efficiency was between 350 and 550 nm with peaks near 380 and 440 nm with a minimum at about 400 nm. essentially no sporulation occurred at 254 nm or from 525 to 1100 nm. the half maximum response is reached with 6.6·10(-10) einstein/cm(2) at 447 nm.196824522876
peanut pod invasion by aspergillus flavus in the presence of meloidogyne hapla.'argentine', 'early runner' and 'florigiant' peanut cultivars were grown in methyl bromide treated soil in field microplots inoculated with: (i) aspergillus flavus or (ii) a. flavus + meloidogyne hapla. nematode infection produced heavy root galling and light pod galling equally on all cultivars. a. flavus, a. niger, cephalosporium spp., colletotrichum sp., curvularia spp., fusarium spp., penicillium spp. and trichoderma viride were isolated from shells and kernels. a significantly greater incid ...196919325693
effect of carbon and nitrogen nutrition on growth and sporulation of trichoderma viride pers. ex fries. 19695816012
[dissimilation of aromatic acids by trichoderma lignorum (tode) harz]. 19695373659
complementation in nonconidiating mutants of trichoderma.nonconidiating (con(-)) mutants were isolated from wild-type and color mutants of the fungus trichoderma viride pers. ex fries. heterokaryons were easily produced and maintained, and the complementation relationships among the con(-) mutants were established. most con(-) mutants could complement one or more of the other con(-) mutants. when marked con(-) mutants were mixed with marked con(+) testers, conidiating heterokaryons were formed. the conidia thus obtained produced only the parental type ...19695392535
[the pyrrole nucleus splitting activity of trichoderma lignorum]. 19695394091
utilization of methylthio-s-triazine for growth of soil fungi.aspergillus niger van tieghem, aspergillus tamarii kita, and aspergillus flavus link ex fries utilized the methylthio moiety of 2,4-bis(isopropylamino) -6-methyl-mercapto-s-triazine (prometryne) as a sulfur nutrient source. other soil fungal isolates not affected by prometryne concentrations to 1 mg/ml culture included: aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg) cohn, curvularia lunata (wakker) boedijn, trichoderma viride persoon ex fries, alternaria tenuis nees ex corda, penicillium funiculosum thom, and pae ...197016349873
effect of methyl phenyldiazenecarboxylate (azoester) on the germination of the fungus trichoderma viride. 19705460903
enhanced cellulase production by a mutant of trichoderma viride.a mutant strain that secretes twice as much cellulase as its parent was obtained by irradiating conidia of trichoderma viride qm 6a with a linear accelerator.19715099761
antifungal activity of substituted nitrobenzenes and anilines.series of 1,3-dihalogeno-5-nitrobenzenes, 3- and 3,5-halogenoanilines, and 2,6-dihalogeno-4-nitroanilines were tested for fungitoxicity against aspergillus niger, a. oryzae, trichoderma viride, myrothecium verrucaria, and trichophyton mentagrophytes in shaken culture by using sabouraud dextrose broth enriched with yeast extract as the test medium. 1,3-dichloro-5-nitrobenzene, 1,3-dibromo-5-nitrobenzene, 3-iodoaniline, 3,5-dichloroaniline, and 3,5-dibromoaniline were found to possess sufficient a ...19715165839
inductive formation of cellulase by sophorose in trichoderma viride. 19715166070
"de novo" synthesis of cellulase' induced by sophorose in trichoderma viride cells. 19714330540
circular dichroism of mitochondrial ribosomal rna from trichoderma viride. 197111945608
antifungal activity of 5-, 7-, and 5,7-substituted 2-methyl-8-quinolinols.2-methyl-8-quinolinol and sixteen 5-, 7-, and 5,7-substituted derivatives with fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, nitro, and amino substituents were tested for in vitro antifungal activity against five fungi, aspergillus niger, a. oryzae, trichoderma viride, myrothecium verrucaria, and trichophyton mentagrophytes. the 5,7-dichloro and 5,7-dibromo derivatives were the most fungitoxic of the compounds tested. with the exception of these two compounds and 5-iodo-2-methyl-8-quinolinol, the 2-methyl analog ...19724670476
catabolite repression of cellulase formation in trichoderma viride. 19724672572
new mycotoxin, trichotoxin a, from trichoderma viride isolated from southern leaf blight-infected corn.a new mycotoxin, trichotoxin a, was found in a solvent extract of the mycelium of trichoderma viride isolated from corn infected with southern leaf blight. trichotoxin a is a cyclic peptide with the following amino acid composition: (glun)(2), (glu)(1), (pro)(2), (gly)(1), (ala)(3), (leu)(3), (2-methyl alanine)(1).19725062092
effectiveness of a lytic enzyme preparation from trichoderma viride in releasing spheroplasts from fungi, particularly basidiomycetes. 19734543048
release of protoplasts from schizophyllum commune by combined action of purified -1,3-glucanase and chitinase derived from trichoderma viride. 19734737371
the mechanism of enzymatic cellulose degradation. purification of a cellulolytic enzyme from trichoderma viride active on highly ordered cellulose. 19734738092
antifungal properties of 2-alkenoic acids and 2-bromo alkanoic acids.the antifungal activity of homologous series of 2-alkenoic and 2-bromo alkanoic acids was determined against aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, myrothecium verrucaria, and trichophyton mentagrophytes and compared with data on analogous alkanoic and 2-fluoro alkanoic acids. the fungitoxicity of all of the series of compounds was determined by chain length, ph of the medium, and presence or absence of adsorbents such as serum albumin. the order of toxicity on a molecular basis, by using a scal ...19734791305
cellulase production by trichoderma viride on feedlot waste.feedlot waste contains essentially all the necessary nutrients for batch fermentation with the fungus trichoderma viride. the organism utilizes two-thirds of the carbohydrate in feedlot waste while elaborating cellulase in quantities comparable to commercial preparations. essentially odor-free, the fermented waste contains all of the original nitrogen but has 24% less organic matter.197416349991
the mechanism of enzymatic cellulose degradation. isolation and some properties of a beta-glucosidase from trichoderma viride. 19744854948
co-operative action by endo- and exo-beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanases from parasitic fungi in the degradation of cell-wall glucans of sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de bary.1. two fungi, coniothyrium minitans campbell and trichoderma viride pers. ex fr., were grown on autoclaved crushed sclerotia of the species sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which they parasitize. 2. in vitro the crude culture filtrates would lyse walls isolated from hyphal cells or the inner pseudoparenchymatous cells of the sclerotia, in which a branched beta-(1-->3)-beta-(1-->6)-glucan, sclerotan, is a major constituent. 3. chromatographic fractionation of the enzymes in each culture filtrate reveale ...19744476212
[biosynthesis of cellulolytic enzymes by trichoderma lignorum in relation to culture conditions]. 19744476897
semisolid fermentation of ryegrass straw.candida utilis, aureobasidium pullulans, and trichoderma viride were grown on pretreated ryegrass straw. the pretreatment consisted of hydrolysis of straw with 0.5 n h(2)so(4) (water-substrate, 3:1) at 121 c, 100 c, and room temperature and adjustment of the hydrolysate to ph 4.5 to 5.0 with 5 n nh(4)oh. the 121 c pretreatment yielded a material containing 30% sugar and 2.3% n. the fermentation was carried on semisolid substrate (moisture level, 75%) in rotating jars for 2 to 3 days at room temp ...197516350045
enzymatic studies on a cellulase system of trichoderma viride. iii. transglycosylation properties of two cellulase components of random type.two highly purified cellulases ec 3.2.1.4, ii-a, and ii-b, were obtained from the cellulase system of trichoderma viride. both cellulases split cellopentaose retaining the beta-configuration of the anomeric carbon atoms in the hydrolysis products at both ph 3.5 and 5.0. the km values of cellulases ii-a and ii-b for cellotetraose were different, but their vmax values were similar and those for cellooligosaccharides increased in parallel with chain length. both cellulases produced predominantly ce ...19756437
the effect of acid ph on the growth kinetics of trichoderma viride.batch cultures of trichoderma viride have been carried out in a 10 liter stirred fermenter a controlled ph values of 2.5, 2.7, 3.0, and 4.0 and without ph control at a temperature of 28 degrees c. cell and glucose concentrations and dissolved oxygen values are reported. the yield coefficient was found to be constant at 0.40 kg cells/kg glucose and the maximum specific growth rate was linearly correlated with the hydrogen ion concentration.197521713
purification and properties of an exo-cellulase component of novel type from trichoderma miride.an enzyme extract from cellulase-onozuka, a commercial product of trichoderma viride, was fractionated by amberlite cg-50 column chromatography into three cellulase ec 3.2.1.4 groups, peaks i to iii. a noval enzyme, which has both beta-glucosidase ec 3.2.1.21 and exo-carboxymethyl-cellulase (exo-cmcase) properties was obtained from peak iii by extensive purification throuh consecutive column chromatography. the enzyme was homogeneous on ultracentrifugation, sds-gel and cellulose acetate film ele ...19755409
enzymatic studies on a cellulase system of trichoderma viride. ii. purification and properties of two cellulases.two cellulase [ec 3.2.1.4] components derived from meicelase, a commercial crude cellulase preparation from trichoderma viride, were purified by consecutive column chromatography, and were designated as cellulase ii-a and cellulase ii-b. cellulases ii-a and ii-b were each homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the molecular weights of cellulases ii-a and ii-b were 30,000 and 43,000, respectively, on the basis of sephadex g-100 gel filtration. both enzymes contained 12-14% carbohydrat ...1975237002
inhibition of growth of aspergillus flavus and trichoderma viride by peanut embryos.growth of aspergillus flavus and trichoderma viride on agar media was inhibited around embryos of green peanut seeds but not around embryos of cured seeds, intact peanut seeds, or testae. both fungi were able to colonize intact seeds and testae. substances inhibitory to a. flavus and t. viride were extracted with acetone from cotyledons of freshly harvested peanut seeds. four compounds inhibitory to a. flavus were detected in crude acetone extracts. three of the compounds demonstrated properties ...1975239349
amino acid analogs. iii: new syntheses of monomethyl- and monophenylglutamic acids.glutamic acid analogs containing 3- and 4-methyl and 2-, 3-, and 4-phenyl substituents were prepared. the 3- and 4-methyl- and 3- and 4-phenylglutamic acids did not inhibit plasmodium berghei and were nontoxic to the host (mice) at 640 mg/kg. the five analogs in addition to 2-methlglutamic acid were inactive against lactobacillus casei at 1000 mug/ml in a defined medium: against escherichia coli, only 2-methylglutamic acid caused 27% inhibition at 10,000 mug/ml. all six analogs failed to inhibit ...1975811786
the isolation of protoplasts of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces by trichoderma viride and snail enzymes.the formation of protoplasts of the fission yeasts schizosaccharomyces pombe and schizosaccharomyces versatilis after the combined application of snail enzymes and trichoderma viride enzymes in an osmotic stabilizer (0.4m kcl, ph 5.5) was studied by light and electron microscopy. the effect of the enzymes used leads during 30 min to the formation of 100% protoplast population. using electron microscopy no original walls or wall remnants were detected in the suspension of protoplasts. protoplasts ...19751100491
cellulase and protein production from mixed cultures of trichoderma viride and a yeast.fermentations with mixed cultures of the cellulolytic fungus trichoderma viride and the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae or candida utilis were examined. the fermentations were carried out in an aerated 5 liter fermentor with naoh treated barley straw as the cellulose source (2-4%). yeast was inoculated 24-32 hr after the fungus and the growth of the two organisms was followed through the production of co2 and cell protein. in comparison with fermentations with t. viride alone, the production time ...19751101979
characterization of polyadenylate from the fungus trichoderma viride.polyribonucleotide segments, about 60 nucleotides long and consisting of about 95% adenylic acid residues, were isolated from whole cell ribonucleic acid of the deuteromyceteous fungus trichoderma viride. similar findings in two other groups of the true fungi raise the possibility that short polyadenylate sequences may be a feature of these relatively simple organisms.19751171092
[chemical study of "penicillium" and "trichoderma" pigments (author's transl)].the green pigments from the fungi of the genera trichoderma and penicillium were partially extracted with formic acid. after two acid and one alkaline hydrolysis, the pigments of trichoderma viride and trichoderma koningii were sufficiently purified to undertake the chemical studies. the elemental and functional analyses, the u. v. and visible spectra and the chromatographic observations showed that these pigments are polyphenolic in nature. gel filtration on sephadex g50 suggested, on the one h ...19751171649
protoplasts of trichoderma viride: formation and regeneration.high yields of protoplasts from the 18-hr old mycelium of trichoderma viride were obtained by using the lytic system, produced by streptomyces venezuelae ra and micromonospora chalcea grown on a synthetic medium containing laminarin and chitin, when 0.7 m mgso4 or (nh4)2so4 were used as osmotic stabilizers. regeneration of these protoplasts occurred through the production of an abortive tube and direct germination of the protoplasts. regeneration could also take place in the medium used to produ ...19751171669
[derepression of cellulase synthesis in trichoderma lignorum during limitation of consumption of readily available carbon sources].the synthesis of cx-cellulase was de-repressed in trichoderma lignorum growing on various easily metabolized carbon sources when their assimilation was limited. a reverse correlation has been established between the growth rate and the rate of the enzyme synthesis in the fungus.19751172175
the effect of volatile and gaseous metabolites of swelling seeds on germination of fungal spores.effects of volatile and gaseous metabolites of swelling seeds of pea, bean, wheat, corn cucumber, tomato, lentil, carrot, red papper and lettuce on germination of spores of five genera of fungi were found to depend rather on the fungal than on the plant genus. germination of spores of botrytis cinerea, mucor racemosus and trichoderma viride was most severely inhibited. spores of verticillium dahliae were less sensitive and germination of spores of fusarium oxysporum was inhibited only in two cas ...19751176038
kinetic studies on insoluble cellulose-cellulase system.enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble amorphous cellulose by trichoderma viride cellulase was investigated in a batch reactor at several substrate concentrations and three enzyme levels. the reactions were carried out at 50 degrees c and ph 4.8. enzyme was rapidly adsorbed onto solids on contact, then gradually returned to the liquid phase as the reaction proceeded. a kinetic model that considered the fast adsorption which was followed by the slow reaction, and subsequent product inhibition was deve ...19751182273
fungal cellulase and hemicellulase prediction of forage digestibility.an enzymatic procedure using trichoderma viride carbohydrases, a fungal hemicellulase, and pepsin was developed to provide a laboratory method for predicting forage digestibility. the amount of forage dry matter solubilized by enzymes and incubation buffer was less than that in vivo or by in vitro fermentation by rumen microorganisms. total forage dry matter solubilized by the enzymatic procedure was correlated (.92) with in vitro digestibility. simple correlation coefficients between in vivo tr ...19751184808
chemical and structural differences in mycelial and regeneration walls of trichoderma viride.when incubated in winge medium, protoplasts from trichoderma viride obtained by treatment with micromonospora chalcea or streptomyces venezuelae ra lytic systems first synthesized an aberrant wall, different from the normal one; it was aseptate, larger and irregular in size and length. they then regenerated a new wall, similar to the original one from which they were liberated. analysis showed that the wall polymers were mainly beta-(1-3) glucan, beta-(1-6) glucan and chitin in the normal walls, ...19751190957
effect on microorganisms of volatile compounds released from germinating seeds.volatile compounds evolved from germinating seeds of slash pine, bean, cabbage, corn, cucumber, and pea were evaluated for their ability to support growth of microorganisms in liquid mineral salts media lacking a carbon source. growth of eight bacteria was measured turbidimetrically and of six fungi as dry weight of mycelium. volatiles caused increased growth of pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus cereus, erwinia carotovora, agrobacterium tumefaciens, a. radiobacter, rhizobium japonicum, mucor muc ...19751201509
distributional patterns of mesophilous and thermophilous microfungi in two bahamian soils.this study focuses on the characteristics displayed by mesophilous and thermophilous microfungal populations occurring in two tropical monodominant plant communities, a cocos nucifera grove and a casuarina equisetifolia forest, that provide distinctly different edaphic conditions. the mesophilous population sampled at 25 degrees c by the dilution plate method and the thermophilous population that developed on soil plates incubated at 45 degrees c consisted of 1693 isolates representing 60 specie ...19751214847
fungal growth on c1 compounds: a study of the amino acid composition of a methanol-utilizing strain of trichoderma lignorum.the amino acid composition of the c1-utilizing fungus trichoderma lignorum, growing at the expense of methanol as the sole source of carbon, was determined. with the exception of an insufficient content of methionine, the essential amino acid composition of this novel protein source appears adequate in terms of the food and agricultural organization reference protein for both direct and indirect use in the human diet as a food or animal feed, respectively.19751237266
sugar production from agricultural woody wastes by saccharification with trichoderma viride cellulase.the saccharification of agricultural woody wastes was studied using a commercial enzyme preparation, cellulase onozuka, derived from trichoderma viride or the solid culture extracts of the fungus. with the intention of producing sugar at low cost, a simple procedure of enzymatic saccharification of rice straw, bagasse, and sawdust was studied. delignifying methods of these wastes were investigated using dilute sodium hydroxide solution and dilute peracetic acid. rice straw and bagasse were effec ...19751238127
fibrous material in feedlot waste fermented by trichoderma viride.trichoderma viride qm9123 fermented fiber isolated from feedlot waste at concentrations up to 16.7% solids. the fermented fiber solids decreased by 32%, and carbohydrate decreased by 60%. cellulotyic enzyme production was better with fiber substrates that had been alkali pretreated and had a lower hemicellulose-to-cellulose ratio.19751239235
[comparative study of a group of mutant strains of trichoderma viride, producer of cellulolytic enzymes].in the course of selection of trichoderma viride, the producer of cellulolytic enzymes, the group of mutant strains characterized by a higher level of productivity are isolate. it is shown that the isolated mutants possess a number of common but differing them from original strains characters. these include: the small size of colonies ("dwarfs"), a lower capacity to carry out some biochemical reactions, and increased development rate and a higher resistance to lethal effect of nitrosoguanidine a ...19751240816
non-ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic octadecapeptide alamethicin.the biosynthesis of the cyclic octadecapeptide, alamethicin, in a cell-free system of trichoderma viride has been investigated. it was shown that nucleic acid- and ribo-some-free extracts of trichoderma viride could catalyze alamethicin biosynthesis. puromycin, erythromycin and rnase did not inhibit this synthesis. the sephadex g 200 filtrate contains a fraction (kav=0.1) that catalyzes the biosynthesis of alamethicin and shows an atp-32ppi exchange with 6 of the 8 constituent amino acids of ala ...19751241650
structural and membrane modifying properties of suzukacillin, a peptide antibiotic related to alamethicin. part a. sequence and conformation.the primary structure and conformation of the polypeptide antibiotic suzukacillin a are investigated. suzukacillin a is isolated from the trichoderma viride strain 1037 and exhibits membrane modifying and lysing properties similar to those of alamethicin. a combined gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis of the trifluoroacetylated peptide methyl esters of partial hydrolysates revealed a tentative sequence of 23 residues including 10 2-methylalanines and one phenylalaninol, which shows m ...19761260057
structural and membrane modifying porperties of suzukacillin, a peptide antibiotic related to alamethicin. part b. pore formation in black lipid films.suzukacillin, a polypeptide consisting of presumably 23 amino acids and 1 phenylalaninol, is produced by a trichoderma viride strain no. 1037 and it can be isolated from the culture medium. it shows membrane-modifying properties similar to those of alamethicin. discrete condustance fluctuations indicate the formation of oligomer pores of varying diameter. on the basis of voltage jump relaxation experiments evidence is given that the dimer is the nucleation state from which pore formation starts ...19761260058
hyphal walls of isolated lichen fungi: autoradiographic localization of precursor incorporation and binding of fluorescein-conjugated lectins.the hyphal walls of three mycobionts, isolated from the lichens xanthoria parietina, tornabenia intricata and sarcogyne sp. were investigated by two techniques: microautoradiography of fungal colonies exposed to radioactive carbohydrate precursors: and binding, in vivo, of fluorescein conjugated lectins to hyphal walls of such colonies. n-[3h] acetylglucosamine was readily incorporated into tips, young hyphal walls and septa of the three mycobionts and the free-living fungus trichoderma viride, ...19761275648
[action of various beta(1-3)-d-glucanases on the wall of yeasts: taxonomic applications].purified beta-(1-3)-d-glucanases (from aspergillus nidulans, badidiomycetes sp. qm 806, trichoderma viride) are used to release protoplasts from various yeasts. two of them may prove taxonomic correlation. the enzyme of basidomycetes sp. releases protoplasts from ascomycetes, the enzyme of t. viride releases protoplasts from ascomycetes and heterobasidiomycetes; none of them acts on the basidiomycetes.1976826331
the mechanism of enzymatic cellulose degradation. purification and some properties of two different 1,4beta-glucan glucanohydrolases from trichoderma viride.1. a low-molecular-weight and a high-molecular-weight 1,4beta-glucan glucanohydrolase (cx enzyme) have been isolated from a commercial cellulase preparation derived from culture filtrates of the fungus trichoderma viride. 2. the purification method for the isolation of the low-molecular-weight enzyme is a three-step procedure including chromatography on bio-gel p-10, chromatography on a dipolar adsorbent (arginine-sepharose 6 b) and isoelectric focusing. 3. the starting material for the isolatio ...1976942917
some chemical and structural features of the conidial wall of trichoderma viride.cell wall of spores of trichoderma viride contains polymers similar to those of mycelial cell wall, such as beta-(1 leads to 3), beta-(1 leads to 6) glucans and protein, but chitin, always present in the mycelium, cannot be found in spores. melanin, which in other fungi appears associated with chitin, replaces this polymer in the spore wall of t. viride and is located in the outermost layer. attempts to characterize the pigment of the spore wall indicate that it is a non-indolic melanin-like pol ...1976944079
poly(a)-associated rna from the mitochondrial fraction of the fungus trichoderma.total rna was extracted from purified mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions of germinating conidia of trichoderma viride and bound to oligo(dt)-cellulose at 22 and 4 degrees c. under chromatographic conditions which retained very short poly(a) segments (i.e., 4 degrees c), up to 10% of short-term 32po4-lebeled rna from the mitochondrial fraction were selectively bound. the poly(a)-associated rnas from the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions showed the following characteristics. (a) on poly ...1976944128
effects of polyoxin d on germination, morphological development and biosynthesis of the cell wall of trichoderma viride.when polyoxin d is added to a spore suspension of trichoderma viride at a concentration from 50-100 mug/ml, it inhibits from 40-60% of germination. this percentage increases if dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) is added. mycelium growing in the presence of polyoxin d becomes irregular and loses its rigidity, showing several bulges along the hypha. under the electron microscope the features of the cell wall and cytoplasmic content are apparently normal. nevertheless, after incubation with different lytic ...1976945049
organic amendments and control of foot rot of piper betle caused by phytophthora parasitica var. piperina.experiments have been performed to control foot rot of piper betle by organic amendments and antagonists in soil. soil amended with corn straw gave best control. corn straw supplemented with nitrogen (nh4no3) gave still better control. the effect of different antagonists growing on corn-straw and til (sesamum indicum) oil cake amendments showed that trichoderma viride gave best control. aspergillus terreus failed to control the disease although it showed great antifungal activity under controlle ...1976952442
degradation of [14c]photodieldrin by trichoderma viride as affected by other insecticides.various soil fungi were tested for their capacity to degrade the insecticide [14c]photodieldrin. of nine species investigated, trichoderma viride was the only one which degraded the insecticide to an appreciable extent into water-soluble, non-insecticidal compounds within 4-5 weeks. these products amounted to 32-41% of the radiocarbon applied to the culture media. the degradation was a function of live mycelia, which metabolized the insecticide and excreted water-soluble compounds into the cultu ...1976987840
[biogenesis of cellulolytic enzymes by trichoderma ligorum on media with "inductor"].identical distribution of c2- and cx-cellulase activities of enzyme complexes produced by trichoderma lignorum on a medium with lactose, a soluble "inductor", and on a medium with cellulose was found by means of disc elestrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. the maximum rate of synthesis of cellulases on the medium with lactose was registered during the highest deceleration, and even complete cessation, of the fungal growth. during this phase, only one electrophoretically homogeneous cellulase comp ...1976988467
structural characterization of a glycoprotein cellulase, 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase c from trichoderma viride.a glycoprotein enzyme, 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohycrolase (ec 3.2.1.91) form c, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a procedure which permitted isolation of gram quantities from a commercial trichoderma viride culture filtrate preparation. purified cellobiohydrolase c has an e1%/280 nm = 14.2 and degrades both microcrystalline and phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose to cellobiose. the cellobiohydrolase c contains 26.4, 4.8, 2.4 and 3.4 mol of mannose, glucose, galactose and glucosamine ...19761032996
feasibility of sugar production from agricultural and urban cellulosic wastes with trichoderma viride cellulase. 19761033774
the ultrastructure of the fungus trichoderma viride and investigation of its growth on cellulose. 19761035213
[pulmonary mycoma cause by trichoderma viride]. 19761053244
[hyperparasitism of trichoderma viride (fungi hyphomycetes) on phytopathogenic and saprophytic fungi]. 19761071223
starch degradation by the mould trichoderma viride. ii. regulation of enzyme synthesis.the synthesis of amylolytic enzymes by the maltose not-utilizing trichoderma viride strain cbs 354.44 requires the presence of starch or dextrins. several readily utilizable carbon sources such as glucose and glutamic acid were shown to exert a strong catabolite repression which completely inhibited enzyme induction by starch or dextrins. enzyme synthesis occurs in the exponential and in the stationary growth phase. in the latter, the ratio between saccharifying and dextrinizing enzyme activity ...19761086639
beta-glucosidase of trichoderma: its biosynthesis and role in saccharification of cellulose.the extracellular beta-glucosidase of trichoderma viride generally is present in low levels when the organism is cultured on cellulose because it is inactivated under the acid conditions which develop in the medium while the other enzymes of the cellulase complex are more stable. with the appropriate ph control, inactivation of beta-glucosidase is prevented and the activity of this enzyme increases during growth. in the saccharification of crystalline cellulose, or of cellulose at low concentrat ...19765951
suppression of photo-induced sporulation in trichoderma viride by inhibitors.the mycelium of trichoderma viride grown in the dark under submerged conditions and transferred to membrane filters sporulated only after photoinduction. the optimum photoinduction of sporulation was reached when applying daylight for 3 min and near ultraviolet radiation (355 nm) for 10 to 30 sec. after the photoinduction probounced synthesis of dna, rna and protein was observed. the photoinduced sporulation was partially or fully inhibited in the presence of phenethyl alcohol, actinomycin d, 5- ...197661923
factors influencing the production of cellulases by sporotrichum thermophile.cellulase production and growth of a strain of sporotrichum thermophile were studied by using a mineral salts medium supplemented with yeast extract and insoluble cellulose. the effects of cultural conditions, such as ph, nitrogen source, substrate concentration, and temperature, were examined. maximum production of c1 and cx cellulases occurred at 45 c in 2 to 4 days, in the presence of 1% solka/floc as substrate, when nano3 or urea used as sources of nitrogen. under these conditions, celluloly ...19767194
partial proteolysis of some cellulase components from trichoderma viride and the substrate specificity of the modified products.an endo-cellulase component ec 3.2.1.4 or random type, f ii, was obtained from "cellulase onozuka," a commercial product from trichoderma viride, and was subjected to partial proteolysiats with a protease preparation of the same fungal origin. the resulting modified cellulase was fractioned by two steps of column chromatography, and the resulting patterns, together with the substrate specificity expressed in terms of the randomness of cmc hydrolysis and the immunological properties against anti- ...19768436
antifungal properties of alpha,omega-alkanedicarboxylic acids and their dimethyl esters.thirteen alpha, omega-alkanedicarboxylic acids (c2-c12, c14, and c16) and their dimethyl esters were tested against aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride, and myrothecium verrucaria in sabourauc dextrose agar at ph 4.0 and 5.6. toxicity to canadida albicans, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and mucor mucedo was determined in the same medium at ph 5.6 and 7.0 in the absence and presence of 10% beef serum. the dicarboxylic acids possessed very poor to no antifungal activity against all six fungi. the ...19769194
starch degradation by the mould trichoderma viride. i. the mechanism of starch degradation.the mechanism of starch degradation by the fungus trichoderma viride was studied in strain cbs 354.44, which utilizes glucose, starch and dextrins but is unable to assimilate maltose. it was shown that the amylolytic enzyme system is completely extracellular, equally well induced by starch, amylose or amylopectin and that it consists mainly of enzymes of the glucoamylase type which yield glucose as the main product of starch hydrolysis. small amounts of alpha-amylase are produced also. the enzym ...197610832
enzymatic studies on a cellulase system of trichoderma viride. iv. purification and properties of a less-random type cellulase.a cellulase ec 3.2.1.4 component was purified from a crude cellulase preparation of trichoderma viride (meicelase) by consecutive column chromatography procedures, and was designated as cellulase iii. the enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 45,000 by gel filtration. the optimum ph and temperature of the enzyme were ph 4.5-5.0 and 50 degrees, respectively. the enzyme was stable over the range of ph 4.5-7.5 ...197612153
semiquantitative plate assay for determination of cellulase production by trichoderma viride.a plate clearing assay was devised to screen for high-producing cellulase mutants of trichoderma viride. the method employs (i) the use of either rose bengal or oxgall to limit colony size and (ii) phosfon d (tributyl-2, 4-dichloroben-zylphosphonium chloride) to enhance cellulase detection, in combination with acid-swollen cellulose on agar plates. the method was used to isolate constitutive cellulase mutants of t. viride and should prove useful for isolating high-producing mutants from a range ...197716345184
fungal growth on c1 compounds: quantitative aspects of growth of a methanol-utilizing strain of trichoderma lignorum in batch culture.[this corrects the article on p. 758 in vol. 33.].197716345256
suppression of pratylenchus penetrans and tylenchorhynchus dubius by trichoderma viride. 197719305589
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