Publications

antigenic and some kinetic properties of three p-diphenol oxidase isoenzymes of trametes versicolor.		1969	4975244
chemical structure of antitumor polysaccharide, coriolan, produced by coriolus versicolor.		1974	4430020
[antineoplastic activities of basidiomycetes; antineoplastic activities of polysaccharides produced by coriolus versicolor fries].		1974	4477091
[ultrastructure of the fungal nucleus. iii. genesis of the nucleus-associated organelle (nao equals "kce")].	the nucleus-associated organelle (nao) is a structure, significant for division and motion of the fungal nucleus. in the basidiomycete polystictus (equals trametes) versicolor it is composed during somatic interphase of two globular entities (ge) and the connecting middle plate (mp). its genesis is followed electron optically by analysing serial sections of preselected stages. genesis is strictly determined by time and space. it starts with synthesis of the new mp a few minutes upon karyokinesis ...	1975	1189470
blastoid transformation of human lymphocytes cultured with protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, ps-k, in vitro.	the protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, ps-k, isolated from a mushroom, coriolus versicolor, was found to stimulate human lymphocytes and induce them into blastogenesis in vitro. this stimulatory effect seemed to be nonspecific since lymphocytes from cord blood of newborn babies were also stimulated by ps-k. the highest lymphocyte blastogenesis by ps-k was observed after 5 days in culture.	1976	1017585
[studies on antitumor activities of basidiomycetes-antitumor activity of polysaccharides and sex factors].	we have already reported antitumor activities of fungal and bacterial polysaccharides on mice. in the present experiment, the influence of the sex on antitumor effects on such material from grifola umbellata, coriolus versicolor fries or sargassum thumbergii and the immunity of mice against tumor were investigated. the growth velocities of sarcoma 180, ehrlich solid carcinoma, pulmonary tumor 7423 and mf-sarcoma bearing mice both without treatment and those treated with polysaccharides were mor ...	1976	986353
[structural studies on the anti-tumor active polysaccharides from coriolus versicolor (basidiomycetes). ii. structures of beta-d-glucan moieties of fractionated polysaccharides (author's transl)].		1976	945821
[structural studies on the anti-tumor active polysaccharides from coriolus versicolor (basidiomycetes). i. fractionation with barium hydroxide (author's transl)].		1976	945820
requirement for a growth substrate during lignin decomposition by two wood-rotting fungi.	decomposition of c-labeled lignin to co(2) by the lignin-decomposing fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium and coriolus versicolor required a growth substrate such as cellulose or glucose. growth with lignin as sole carbon addition to an otherwise complete medium was negligible.	1976	16345166
enhanced induction of immune resistance by concanavalin a-bound l1210 vaccine and an immunopotentiator prepared from coriolus versicolor.	combined administration of a vaccine consisting of a small number (2 x 10(6)) of l1210 murine leukemic cells treated with glutaraldehyde and concanavalin a and a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation of coriolus versicolor induced synergistic resistance to l1210 leukemia in balb/c x dba/2crf1 mice. this effect was dependent on the dose and timing of the administration of the protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, being most effective at the time of or 1 day after the second vaccination. in ...	1977	922733
p.m.r. studies on the antitumour polysaccharide isolated from coriolus versicolor.		1977	902267
[effect of atso from coriolus versicolor on immune response (author's transl)].		1977	558317
[action mechanism of respiratory inhibition by systemic fungicides of the carboxin group. action of oxathiin derevatives and analogs on nonphosphorylating submitochondrial particles from ox heart as well as trametes versicolor and trichoderma viride].		1977	201109
induction of laccase in basidiomycetes: apparent activity of the inducible and constitutive forms of the enzyme with phenolic substrates.	the purified preparations of the inducible and constitutive forms of laccase (ec 1.14.18.1) have been obtained from mycelia of trametes versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus and pholiota mutabilis. the activities of the inducible forms of laccase with ferulic acid and other phenolic hydrogen donors were found to be several-fold higher as compared with the constitutive forms.	1978	108885
induction of laccase in basidiomycetes: the laccase-coding messenger.	formation of the mrna specific for the inducible forms of laccase was evidenced in coriolus versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus and pholiota mutabilis. the half-life time of these mrnas in the fungi species studied were, respectively, 30, 37 and 24 min. molecular weight of the newly synthesized mrna in pleurotus ostreatus was about 4.5x10(5), consistently with the size of the inducible laccase protein. the polysome obtained from the ferulic acid-treated mycelium, synthesized in vitro a polypeptide w ...	1978	103348
effects of coriolan, an antitumor polysaccharide, produced by coriolus versicolor iwade.		1979	541908
induction by ferulic acid of multiple forms of peroxidase in the fungus trametes versicolor (basidiomycetes).	two forms of peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7) were induced in mycelium of trametes versicolor by ferulic acid, with an about 2,5-fold increase of their specific activity. both inducible forms of peroxidase were isolated and partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex c-50 and deae-sepharose cl 6b; some of their properties were also characterized.	1979	545955
the effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor on immunological parameters and experimental infections in mice.	the influence of psk, a protein bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor on various immunological parameters was studied, psk was found to enhance b cell activity as measured by the spleen plaque-forming cell assay in mice, and to stimulate mouse macrophages as determined by an enhancement of carbon clearance and an increase in the phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells by peritoneal mouse macrophages in vitro. the activation of mouse macrophages by psk appeared to correlate with t ...	1980	6966256
studies on antitumor polysaccharides, especially d-ii, from mycelium of coriolus versicolor.	a water-soluble polysaccharide, d-ii with marked antitumor activity was isolated from the cultured mycelium of coriolus versicolor by extraction with hot-water, fractional precipitation with ethanol and ion-exchange chromatography. d-ii strongly inhibited the growth of sarcoma-180 transplanted subcutaneously in mice by intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous or intra-muscular administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. the molecular weight was estimated to be 2,000,000 by gel-filtration or 6,500,000 ...	1980	7206362
a comparison of inductive influence of syryngic acid and wastes containing lignosulfonic acids on peroxidase activity and its synthesis in trametes versicolor cultures.		1981	6168174
peroxidase activity and forms in trametes versicolor cultures grown in the presence of industrial cellulose wastes.		1981	6168175
survival time of tumor-bearing rats as related to operative stress and immunopotentiators.	to investigate the mechanism of tumor growth enhancement induced by operative stress in rats, laparo-thoracotomy was performed on day 2 after tumor cell inoculation associated with administrations of various kinds of immunopotentiators. ok-432 (streptococcal preparation), ps-k (extract from mycelium of coriolus versicolor), lentinan (extract from lentinus edodus) and c. parvum were administered intravenously or intraperitoneally in the fractionated form prior to or after inoculation. in general, ...	1982	7109360
effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide ps-k on the complement system.	a protein-bound polysaccharide from mycelia of coriolus versicolor ps-k, clinically used as an immunomodulator, has been shown to restore the decreased cellular immune response and to exhibit host-mediated antitumor activity. in this experiment, ps-k was found to increase serum complement level in guinea pig and in human without malignancy, when hemolytic assay of complement was performed using sensitized sheep erythrocytes for the classical pathway activity and unsensitized rabbit erythrocytes ...	1983	6867480
combination therapy of radiation and immunomodulators in the treatment of mm46 tumor transplanted in c3h/he mice.	female c3h/he mice aged 10 weeks with transplanted mm46 tumor were used in an investigation of the timing of administration of immunomodulators, such as psk (a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from coriolus versicolor), ok-432 (streptococcal preparation), bestatin (inhibitor of aminopeptidase b) combined with two fractionated local irradiation with the total dose of 3,000 rad. the daily dose of 250 mg/kg of psk, 1.0 ke/mouse of ok-432, or 300 micrograms/mouse of bestatin were injected intra ...	1983	6828288
removal of color from kraft mill wastewaters with cultures of white-rot fungi and with immobilized mycelium of coriolus versicolor.	screening fifteen strains of white-rot fungi for their ability to decolorize combined bleached kraft effluent showed that coriolus versicolor in liquid culture removed over 60% of the color of the effluent within six days in the presence of sucrose. treatment of the same effluent with this fungus, immobilized in beads of calcium alginate gel, resulted in 80% decolorization after three days in the presence of sucrose. caustic extraction e(1) effluent was also decolorized by the immobilized fungus ...	1983	18551550
peroxidase-catalyzed color removal from bleach plant effluent.	effluent from the caustic extraction stage of a bleach plant is highly colored due to the presence of dissolved products from lignin chlorination and oxidation. color removal from the effluent by hydrogen peroxide at neutral ph was catalyzed by addition of horseradish peroxidase. the catalysis with peroxidase (20 mg/l) was observed over a wide range of peroxide concentrations (0.1mm-500mm), but the largest effect was between 1mm and 100mm. the ph optimum for catalysis was around 5.0, while the b ...	1984	18553342
comparative studies of extracellular fungal laccases.	various basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and deuteromycetes, grown in a sugar-rich liquid medium, were compared for laccase-producing ability and for the inducing effect of 2,5-xylidine on laccase production. clear stimulation of the extracellular enzyme formation by xylidine was obtained in the cultures of fomes annosus, pholiota mutabilis, pleurotus ostreatus, and trametes versicolor, whereas rhizoctonia praticola and botrytis cinerea were not affected by the xylidine, and in the case of podospora ...	1984	16346649
krestin (psk).	a polysaccharide preparation isolated from coriolus versicolor (fr.) quél. of basidiomycetes (psk) predominantly consists of glucan and approximately 25% tightly bound protein. psk was effective against various allogeneic and syngeneic animal tumors and has been given orally to cancer patients. various suppressed or enhanced immune responses of tumor-bearing animals were restored to normal levels by the administration of psk in the tumor models tested. the killer t cell activity was augmented in ...	1984	6238674
procedure for determination of participation of aminoacyl-trna in label distribution in studies on protein degradation in vivo.	the determination of radioactive amino acid incorporation into proteins is important in measurements of protein degradation. aminoacyl-trnas participating in label distribution may interfere during these measurements. to check this possibility, a separate procedure with ion-exchange paper de 81 allowing the percentage of radioactivity in aminoacyl-trna to be determined was developed. after application of microliter amounts of trametes versicolor mycelium extracts on de 81 paper circles, stepwise ...	1984	6569883
proteinase pattern in trametes versicolor in response to carbon and nitrogen starvation.	in stationary cultures of trametes versicolor seven proteinase bands were revealed by electrophoresis in mycelium and five in the medium. under conditions of nitrogen starvation the number of bands in mycelium was unchanged whereas one extracellular proteinase was missing. in the case of carbon starvation one new intracellular proteinase activity appeared and one extracellular activity disappeared. moreover, in all starved cultures distinct differences in the intensity of particular bands were o ...	1984	6099946
glucose-2-oxidase activity in mycelial cultures of basidiomycetes.	the activity of intracellular glucose-2-oxidase was tested in 40 species of 26 basidiomycete genera. the enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of d-glucose to the dicarbonyl sugar d-arabino-2-hexosulose was demonstrated in mycelial extracts of 9 species of aphyllophorales and 6 species of agaricales cultivated in liquid media. in the majority of species exhibiting this activity hexosulose was detected in the cultivation medium. the highest enzyme activity was detected in oudemansiella mucida, coriolop ...	1985	3996982
cloning of sequences induced and suppressed by administration of psk, antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide.	to elucidate the effects of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor, on gene expression in tumor cells, we prepared cdna clone libraries from psk-treated and untreated cells of a rat ascites hepatoma line, ah66, which was previously shown to be susceptible to the antitumor action of this compound. two psk-induced and one suppressed cdna clones were selected from these libraries by using a differential colony hybridization and rna blot hybridization. psk was thus shown to hav ...	1985	3977892
transformation of halogen-, alkyl-, and alkoxy-substituted anilines by a laccase of trametes versicolor.	the laccase of the fungus trametes versicolor was able to polymerize various halogen-, alkyl-, and alkoxy-substituted anilines, showing substrate specificity similar to that of horseradish peroxidase, whereas the laccase of rhizoctonia praticola was active only with p-methoxyaniline. the substrate specificities of the enzymes were determined by using gas chromatography to measure the decrease in substrate concentration during incubation. with p-chloroaniline as the substrate, the peroxidase and ...	1985	16346778
arylglycerol-gamma-formyl ester as an aromatic ring cleavage product of nonphenolic beta-o-4 lignin substructure model compounds degraded by coriolus versicolor.	4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-gamma-formyl ester (compound iv) was identified as a degradation product of both 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-beta-syringaldehyde ether (compound i) and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-beta-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl ether (compound ii) by a ligninolytic culture of coriolus versicolor. an isotopic experiment with a c-labeled compound (compound ii') indicated that the formyl group of compound iv was derived from the beta-phenoxyl group of beta-o-4 dimer as an aromat ...	1985	16346950
production of some enzymes in the autolysis of the white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor in fermenter.	the autolysis and production of some extracellular enzymes by coriolus versicolor was studied in submerged cultures. after 48 days of incubation the fungus lost 31% of its maximum dry weight. 1.3-beta-glucanase was excreted at the beginning of autolysis and proteases were present during the course of the experiment. on the other hand, laccase was produced in very small amount in the first days of incubation, reaching the maximum activity at the 8th-day of autolysis.	1986	3152104
[restoration of depressed immune responses by psk in c3h/he mice bearing the syngeneic x5563 tumor].	psk is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from cultured mycelium of coriolus versicolor. the effects of psk on immunologic responsiveness were investigated in c3h/he mice bearing syngeneic x5563 tumor. the results were as follows. elayed foot pad reaction and antibody-forming capacity to sheep erythrocytes were depressed in tumor bearing mice, and such depression was prevented by oral or intraperitoneal administration of psk. in vitro cytotoxic activity of splenic lymphocytes against the tu ...	1986	3789756
[competitive effect of psk against the immunosuppressive effect induced in the sera of mice bearing syngeneic tumors].	psk is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from cultured mycelium of coriolus versicolor. the appearance of an immunosuppressive effect in sera of tumor-bearing mice and its elimination by oral administration of psk were investigated using an in vitro assay of blastoid transformation of normal spleen cells in response to pha. (1) an inhibitory effect appeared in sera of x5563 plasmacytoma-bearing mice, while a facilitating effect was noted in sera of mh134 hepatoma- and mm 102 mammary tumor- ...	1986	3789757
[restoration of immunologic responsiveness by psk in tumor-bearing animals].	psk is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from cultured mycelium of the basidiomycete coriolus versicolor. effects of psk on the immunologic responsiveness in tumor-bearing animals were investigated using syngeneic or allogeneic tumors in mice (lewis lung carcinoma, b16 melanoma, meth a fibrosarcoma, adenocarcinoma 755, x5563 plasmacytoma, colon 26, mopc 31c myeloma, sarcoma 180 and ehrlich carcinoma), rats (bc47 bladder carcinoma, walker 256 sarcoma and ah7974 hepatoma), hamsters (ha-1t tu ...	1986	3789758
electron paramagnetic resonance studies of type 1 copper in type 2 depleted fungal laccase a.	the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra of type 1 copper(ii) in 63cu-enriched coriolus versicolor laccase a (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, ec 1.10.3.2) have been studied. the x-band epr spectrum in type 2 copper-depleted [63cu]laccase a exhibited well-resolved ligand superhyperfine structure in the g perpendicular region. this structure was assigned to an interaction with two nitrogens and two protons, an assignment which is consistent with a model in which the two nitrogens belon ...	1987	2825790
restoration of immune responsiveness by a biological response modifier, psk, in aged mice bearing syngeneic transplantable tumor.	psk (krestin) is a protein-bound polysaccharide isolated from cultured mycelia of coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes. psk is a biological response modifier which possesses unique characteristics. we investigated the effects of psk on the immune response of aged c57bl/6 mice bearing a syngeneic transplantable tumor adenocarcinoma 755. (a) in c57bl/6 mice, the delayed foot pad reaction against sheep erythrocytes and resistance to syngeneic tumor challenge reached a peak when the mice were at 30 ...	1987	3430562
effect of immunostimulants and antitumor agents on tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production.	ok-432, a lyophilized preparation of streptococcus pyogenes, showed a priming activity for tnf production in mice, associated with an increase of spleen weight. psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation from coriolus versicolor, did not show such activity. both ok-432 and psk potentiated the tnf production in mice primed with corynebacterium parvum (cp) and challenged with escherichia coli endotoxin (lps). cytotoxic antitumor agents of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), cyclophosphamide (cy) and bleom ...	1987	2448255
effect of psk on prohibited immunity of splenectomized mice.	the effect of psk (krestine, an anti-tumor drug prepared from coriolus versicolor) on splenectomized experimental animals was investigated. splenectomy was performed on both a tumor-free control group and a tumor-bearing group. the administration of psk on the splenectomized control group significantly increased the immune state of the host. in the case of the tumor-bearing group, administration of psk resulted in restoration of the immune function as observed in the control group. recovery of t ...	1987	3674771
solubilization of leonardite by an extracellular fraction from coriolus versicolor.	coriolus versicolor has previously been shown to degrade leonardite, an oxidized form of lignite. an extracellular fraction containing protein purified from a c. versicolor culture solubilized leonardite in vitro. expression of the activity did not require the presence of leonardite and appeared during idiophase. during ion-exchange and gel filtration column chromatography, leonardite-biosolubilizing activity eluted with syringaldazine oxidase activity and with protein, as measured by a(280) and ...	1987	16347501
combined submerged and solid substrate fermentation for the bioconversion of lignocellulose.	a novel two-stage bioreactor has been designed for a combined submerged (sf) and solid substrate fermentation (ssf) of wheat straw. the straw was pretreated with steam, and cellulases from the culture fluid of trichoderma reesei were adsorbed on it for increased bioconvertibility. ssf was conducted in the top part of the bioreactor by inoculating the straw with a 36-h mycelial culture of t. reesei, or coriolus versicolor. in the bottom part of the fermenter, endomycopsis fibuliger was grown in s ...	1987	18581310
cloning of trametes versicolor genes induced by nitrogen starvation.	we have screened a genomic library of trametes versicolor for genes whose expression is associated with nitrogen starvation, which has been shown to induce ligninolytic activity. using two different approaches based on differential expression, we isolated 29 clones. these were shown by restriction mapping and cross-hybridization to code for 11 distinct differentially expressed genes. northern analysis of the kinetics of expression of these genes revealed that at least four of them have kinetics ...	1988	16347665
aromatic ring cleavage of 4,6-di(tert-butyl)guaiacol, a phenolic lignin model compound, by laccase of coriolus versicolor.	it was found that 2,4-di(tert-butyl)-4-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-buten-4-ol ide (ii) was formed as an aromatic ring cleavage product of a phenolic lignin model compound, 4,6-di(tert-butyl)guaiacol (i), by laccase of coriolus versicolor. based on isotopic experiments with 18o2 and h2 18o, the mechanism of formation of ii from i is discussed.	1988	3410044
morphological and biochemical alterations of macrophages produced by a glycan, psk.	a glycan extracted from coriolus versicolor (psk, krestin) which has antitumor and immunomodulator properties produced marked morphological and biochemical changes when added to cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages. the cells were more spread and elongated than in control cultures, and these changes were accompanied by alterations in the rate of protein and dna synthesis. in psk-treated murine peritoneal macrophages the rate of protein synthesis increased above the level seen in control cult ...	1988	3204014
degradation mechanisms of phenolic beta-1 lignin substructure model compounds by laccase of coriolus versicolor.	phenolic beta-1 lignin substructure model compounds, 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)propa ne-1, 3-diol (i) and 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol (ii) were degraded by laccase of coriolus versicolor. substrate i was converted to 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-3- hydroxypropanone (iii), 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone (iv), syringaldehyde (v), 1-(3,5-dimethox ...	1988	3355177
effect of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor, on drug-metabolizing enzymes in sarcoma-180 bearing and normal mice.	the effects of psk and propionibacterium acnes (anaerobic corynebacterium) on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were studied using sarcoma-180 bearing and non-tumor bearing mice. psk had no influence on aminopyrine n-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities, cytochrome p-450 concentration in hepatic microsomes, and the reductase activity of cytochrome c in normal mice. the content of cytochrome p-450 was not significantly reduced in s-180 bearing mice. on the other hand, p. acnes administr ...	1988	3139576
[effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, on human hemopoietic progenitors].	using in vitro clonal culture assays, we investigated the effects of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide derived from the cultured mycelium of cm101, coriolus versicolor (fr.) quél in basidiomycetes, on human hemopoietic progenitors. psk alone did not stimulate colony formation by human bone marrow progenitors. although 1-100 micrograms/ml of psk had no effects on colony formation stimulated by erythropoietin and medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes, more than 1 mg/ml o ...	1989	2618537
trametes versicolor ligninase: isozyme sequence homology and substrate specificity.	the substrate specificity of three ligninase isozymes from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor has been investigated using stereochemically defined synthetic dimeric models for lignin. the isozymes have been found to attack non-phenolic beta-o-4 as well as beta-1 lignin model compounds. this finding confirms the classification of the isozymes from t. versicolor as ligninases. the amino-terminal residues of the three isozymes from t. versicolor have been determined using edman degradation. m ...	1989	2707445
relationship between fungal biomass production and the brightening of hardwood kraft pulp by coriolus versicolor.	the white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor increased the brightness of hardwood kraft pulp by two mechanisms depending on the concentration of available nitrogen. in low-nitrogen conditions, the brightening process was a chemical effect mediated by the fungus, associated with the removal of residual lignin in the pulp; kappa number was used as an indicator of lignin concentration. a five-day treatment in low-nitrogen conditions increased the brightness of hardwood kraft pulp from 36.2 to 54.5%, wi ...	1989	16347907
colloidal gold cytochemistry of endo-1,4-beta-glucanase, 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase, and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase: ultrastructure of sound and decayed birch wood.	colloidal gold coupled to endo-1,4-beta-glucanase ii (eg ii) and 1,4-beta-d-glucan cellobiohydrolase i (cbh i), isolated from trichoderma reesei (qm9414), and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from aureobasium pullulans (nrrly-2311-1) was used successfully to determine the ultrastructural localization of cellulose and xylan in sound birch wood. in addition, these enzyme-gold complexes demonstrated the distribution of cellulose and xylan after decay by three white rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium, phe ...	1989	16348009
detection of lignin peroxidase and xylanase by immunocytochemical labeling in wood decayed by basidiomycetes.	the white rot fungi used in this study caused two different forms of degradation. phanerochaete chrysosporium, strain bkm-f-1767, and phellinus pini caused a preferential removal of lignin from birch wood, whereas trametes (coriolus) versicolor caused a nonselective attack of all cell wall components. use of polyclonal antisera to h8 lignin peroxidase and monoclonal antisera to h2 lignin peroxidase followed by immunogold labeling with protein a-gold or protein g-gold, respectively, showed lignin ...	1989	16347939
isolation and identification of the coal-solubilizing agent produced by trametes versicolor.	low-ranked coals were dissolved by using cell extracts derived from liquid cultures of trametes versicolor. the coal-solubilizing agent (csa) was separated from the broth components by a multistep isolation procedure including reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, ethanol fractionation, and recrystallization. staircase voltammetry was used to show that two csa moieties can coordinate to aqueous copper(ii) ion. a molecular weight determination (using am ...	1990	16348335
chloromethane, methyl donor in veratryl alcohol biosynthesis in phanerochaete chrysosporium and other lignin-degrading fungi.	chloromethane, a gaseous natural product implicated in methylation processes in phellinus pomaceus, has been shown to act as methyl donor in veratryl alcohol biosynthesis in the lignin-degrading fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium, phlebia radiata, and coriolus versicolor, none of which released detectable amounts of ch(3)cl during growth. when p. chrysosporium was grown in a medium containing ch(3)cl, levels of ch(3) incorporation into the 3- and 4-o-methyl groups of veratryl alcohol were very hi ...	1990	16348350
effects of a protein-bound polysaccharide from a basidiomycetes against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in rats.	psk, extracted from mycelia of a strain of coriolus versicolor, was administered to groups of 20 male wistar rats before and during treatment with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3-mdab). after 24 weeks, the survival rates were significantly higher in the groups given psk before or with the 3-mdab than in groups not given psk or given psk after 12 weeks of 3-mdab treatment. blood alpha-fetoprotein levels, determined every four weeks, increased in all groups after 3-mdab treatment, but were ...	1990	1702689
immune enhancement of a polysaccharides peptides isolated from coriolus versicolor.	a protein-bound polysaccharides (psp) isolated from coriolus versicolor in shanghai, at the concentrations of 100-800 micrograms/ml promoted lymphocyte proliferation. psp 25 mg/kg ip into mice for 5 d antagonized the inhibition of il-2 production by cyclophosphamide from activated t lymphocytes and restored the suppressed t-cell-mediated delayed, type hypersensitivity response to normal. psp 10-1000 micrograms/ml induced interferon alpha and gamma production from human peripheral leukocytes 4 an ...	1990	1718146
stimulation of interferon-gamma-induced human myelogenous leukemic cell differentiation by high molecular weight psk subfraction.	psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from the mycelia of coriolus versicolor (fr.) quel, stimulated tumor necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity against mouse l-929 fibroblast. psk also stimulated interferon-gamma-induced differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic u-937 and thp-1 cells. the differentiated cells had higher proportions of cells that expressed nbt-reducing activity and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity. among four psk subfractions, the highest molecular weight frac ...	1990	2110432
characterization of lignin peroxidase-encoding genes from lignin-degrading basidiomycetes.	two closely linked lignin peroxidase (lpo)-encoding genes (lpo) from phanerochaete chrysosporium were isolated. nucleotide sequence studies indicated that the two genes are separated by 1.3 kb of flanking dna and transcribed in opposite directions. cloned p. chrysosporium lpo gene probes have been shown to hybridize to multiple sequences present in the dnas of the white-rot fungi, bjerkandera adusta, coriolus versicolor and fomes lignosus, but no hybridization was detected with dna from pleurotu ...	1990	2373364
nucleases in the autolysis of filamentous fungi.	rnase and dnase activities were studied in seven fungi of the subdivisions ascomycotina, zygomycotina and basidiomycotina during their autolysis, and extracellular and intracellular rnase and dnase were found. rnase specific activity reached higher levels than dnase specific activity in the culture liquid and mycelial extract, except in aspergillus nidulans. generally maximal rnase specific activities were observed at the onset of autolysis in the culture liquid. in the mycelial extract an incre ...	1990	2379813
competitive action of a biological response modifier, psk, on a humoral immunosuppressive factor produced in tumor-bearing hosts.	we investigated the effect of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from the basidiomycetes coriolus versicolor, on an immunosuppressive factor produced in tumor-bearing animals. oral administration of psk suppressed the growth of the tumor in c3h/he mice bearing x5563 plasmacytoma or mh134 hepatoma, but affected mice bearing mm102 mammary tumor little. psk prevented the reduction in splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis caused by phytohemagglutinin that occurs in mice bearing x5563 tumors or ...	1990	1966997
stereospecificity in enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of beta-o-4 lignin model compounds.	the degradation of the erythro and threo isomers of the non-phenolic lignin model compound 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol was examined. enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of the diastereomers was performed with trametes versicolor lignin peroxidase and cerium(iv) ammonium nitrate, respectively. mixtures of approximately equal amounts of the diastereomers were partially degraded and subsequently analyzed with tlc and 1h-nmr. analysis of reaction mixtures from enzy ...	1990	2265710
comparison of lignin peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase and laccase in the oxidation of methoxybenzenes.	lignin peroxidase oxidizes non-phenolic substrates by one electron to give aryl-cation-radical intermediates, which react further to give a variety of products. the present study investigated the possibility that other peroxidative and oxidative enzymes known to catalyse one-electron oxidations may also oxidize non-phenolics to cation-radical intermediates and that this ability is related to the redox potential of the substrate. lignin peroxidase from the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, hors ...	1990	2163614
cell surface changes of in situ macrophages induced by superimposed antigen.	mice received an injection of sheep erythrocytes (srbc) into the footpad " prepared" or "not prepared" with a 7-day-prior injection of a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor (psk; krestin), and the ultrastructure of in situ macrophages was studied at various intervals after the injection. a single srbc injection into the footpad induced linear cell arrangements of several macrophages. the macrophages showed no prominent morphological alterations after srbc digestion. when psk-st ...	1990	2213885
oxidation of non-phenolic substrates. an expanded role for laccase in lignin biodegradation.	in the presence of substrates such as remazol blue and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (abts), laccases coriolus (trametes) versicolor can also oxidize non-phenolic lignin model compounds. veratryl alcohol (i) and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol (iii) were oxidized by laccase and mediator to give the alpha-carbonyl derivatives. the beta-1 lignin model dimer, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxy-ethane-1,2-diol (ii) was cleaved by laccase in the presen ...	1990	2365094
stimulation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cell iodination by psk subfractions.	a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, extracted from the mycelium of coriolus versicolor (fr.) quel, stimulated the iodination (incorporation of radioactive iodine into an acid-insoluble fraction) of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (pmn), human promyelocytic leukemic hl-60 cells and human myeloblastic leukemic ml-1 cells. in contrast, psk did not significantly increase the iodination of other cultured cell lines (u-937, thp-1, l-929, t98g, balb 3t3). the psk stimulation of iodinati ...	1990	2369086
optimization of cultivation and nutrition conditions and substrate pretreatment for solid-substrate fermentation of wheat straw by coriolus versicolor.	bioconversion of wheat straw by solid-substrate fermentation (ssf) with coriolus versicolor was optimized by varying its physiological parameters. selective delignification (more lignin than holocellulose degradation) and increases in crude protein (cp) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivdmd) were taken as the criteria to select optimum levels of these parameters. the fungus behaved optimally under the following set of cultural and nutritional conditions: ph 5.5, moisture level 55% ...	1991	1841863
a protein-bound polysaccharide immunomodulator, psk, does not suppress the conversion from 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil to 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer.	effects of the immunomodulator psk on the metabolism of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) to 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) were examined in 10 patients with advanced gastric cancer and who had undergone curative resection. psk is a protein-bound preparation, extracted from coriolus versicolor and belongs to basidiomycetes. the 5-fu concentration in the plasma was 0.024 micrograms/ml at 15 min after the intravenous injection of 400 mg of tegafur and the area under the curve of 5-fu was 0.58 ...	1991	1802023
functional maturation of monocytes/macrophages induced by psk subfractions.	when mouse resident peritoneal macrophages were cultured with psk (krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from coriolus versicolor, they became enlarged and elongated and expressed higher nbt-reducing activity. psk stimulated the production of differentiation-inducing factor and cytotoxic factor by the mouse macrophage-like cell line j774.1, and iodination (incorporation of radioactive iodine into an acid-insoluble fraction) and interleukin-1-like factor production by human periphera ...	1991	1768050
induction of immunopotentiation activity by a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk (review).	a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, extracted from the mycelium of coriolus versicolor (fr.) quel, has been recognized for its host-mediated induction of antitumor and antimicrobial activities in mice. intravenous administration of psk, in association with ok-432 (picibanil), transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (cf) (possibly tumor necrosis factor, tnf) in normal mice. the ability to produce cf depended greatly on both dose and interval between administration of the ...	1991	2064356
cloning and characterization of a lignin peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor.	six putative lignin peroxidase (lip) genes were isolated from a lambda embl3 phage library of the white-rot fungus, trametes versicolor, using the phanerochaete chrysosporium lip cdna clg5 as the probe. sequence analysis of one of the genes, vlg1, showed that its coding region is interrupted by six small introns (49-64 bp) and that it encodes a mature lip protein (341 aa; mr: 36,714) that is preceded by a 25 aa signal sequence. this protein has a relatively high degree of aa homology to the n-te ...	1991	1883369
production and degradation of oxalic acid by brown rot fungi.	our results show that all of the brown rot fungi tested produce oxalic acid in liquid as well as in semisolid cultures. gloeophyllum trabeum, which accumulates the lowest amount of oxalic acid during decay of pine holocellulose, showed the highest polysaccharide-depolymerizing activity. semisolid cultures inoculated with this fungus rapidly converted c-labeled oxalic acid to co(2) during cellulose depolymerization. the other brown rot fungi also oxidized c-labeled oxalic acid, although less rapi ...	1991	16348522
affinity chromatography as a rapid and convenient method for purification of fungal laccases.	a rapid and convenient method for graduation, isolation, and purification of laccase from trametes versicolor and fomes fomentarius culture fluids was developed. for purification affinity chromatography on syringyl- and vanillyl-controlled porosity glass (cpg) columns was applied. the purified laccase of f. fomentarius was immobilized on porous glass. some properties of the immobilized enzyme in comparison to the free one are discussed.	1991	18600674
lignin peroxidase activity is not important in biological bleaching and delignification of unbleached kraft pulp by trametes versicolor.	the discovery in 1983 of fungal lignin peroxidases able to catalyze the oxidation of nonphenolic aromatic lignin model compounds and release some co(2) from lignin has been seen as a major advance in understanding how fungi degrade lignin. recently, the fungus trametes versicolor was shown to be capable of substantial decolorization and delignification of unbleached industrial kraft pulps over 2 to 5 days. the role, if any, of lignin peroxidase in this biobleaching was therefore examined. severa ...	1992	16348775
toxicity of pentachlorophenol to six species of white rot fungi as a function of chemical dose.	the growth of six species of white rot fungi was a function of pentachlorophenol (pcp) dose, expressed as mass of pcp per mass of mycelia, at pcp doses </=35 mug mg of mycelium, and not concentration. at higher doses, inonotus dryophilus, perenniporia medulla-panis, and ganoderma oregonense removed less pcp than three other species of white rot fungi. phanerochaete chrysosporium grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions was inactivated at pcp doses that under nitrogen-sufficient conditions resul ...	1992	16348831
fungal biodegradation of lignopolystyrene graft copolymers.	white rot basidiomycetes were able to biodegrade styrene (1-phenylethene) graft copolymers of lignin containing different proportions of lignin and polystyrene [poly(1-phenylethylene)]. the biodegradation tests were run on lignin-styrene copolymerization products which contained 10.3, 32.2, and 50.4% (wt/wt) lignin. the polymer samples were incubated with the white rot fungi pleurotus ostreatus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, and trametes versicolor and the brown rot fungus gloeophyllum trabeum. w ...	1992	1444360
changes in selected enzyme activities during growth of pure and mixed cultures of the white-rot decay fungus trametes versicolor and the potential biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum.	two filamentous fungi, the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor and the soil fungus and potential biocontrol organism trichoderma harzianum, have been grown in pure and mixed cultures on low-n (0.4 mm) and high-n (4 mm) defined synthetic media to determine the activities of selected wood-degrading enzymes such as cellobiase, cellulase, laccase, and peroxidases. growth characteristics and enzyme activities were examined for potential correlations. such correlations would allow the use of simple e ...	1992	1611557
enhancement of effector cell activities in mice bearing syngeneic plasmacytoma x5563 by a biological response modifier, psk.	we investigated the effect of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from coriolus versicolor of basidiomycetes, on antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice. psk prolonged significantly the life span of c3h/he mice bearing syngeneic plasmacytoma x5563 in a schedule- and dose-dependent manner. psk was most effective when administered at 100 mg/kg every other day ten times starting from the day after tumor inoculation. the administration of psk enhanced significantly the cytostatic activity ...	1992	1339233
effects of biological response modifiers with different modes of action used separately and together on immune responses in mice with syngeneic tumours.	the effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (psk) obtained from cultured mycelia of the basidiomycetes coriolus versicolor on activities involved in the host defence mechanism of c57bl/6 mice bearing adenocarcinoma 755 was compared with that of live bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). delayed footpad reaction, the activity of splenic natural killer cells and interferon production induced by concanavalin a in splenic cells of healthy mice were little affected by psk, but in mice bearing tumours psk p ...	1992	1280606
biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by new isolates of white rot fungi.	eight rapid poly r-478 dye-decolorizing isolates from the netherlands were screened in this study for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) supplied at 10 mg liter(-1). several well-known ligninolytic culture collection strains, phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767, trametes versicolor paprican 52, and bjerkandera adusta cbs 595.78 were tested in parallel. all of the strains significantly removed anthracene, and nine of the strains significantly removed benzo(a)pyrene be ...	1992	1637159
mimicking of superoxide dismutase activity by protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel, and oxidative stress relief for cancer patients.	the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps-k) has been found to express antioxidant activity as an "ion-radical scavenger" in diamine oxidation reactions. the mode of this expression was examined to determine whether the drug functioned as a simple radical scavenger or mimicked the action of superoxide dismutase (sod). the latter was confirmed in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic superoxide anion radical (o2-.) producing systems in vitro. the sod mimetic activity of ps-k was ...	1992	1627273
production of manganic chelates by laccase from the lignin-degrading fungus trametes (coriolus) versicolor.	many ligninolytic basidiomycete fungi have been shown to secrete a group of peroxidase isozymes whose sole function appears to be the peroxide-dependent oxidation of manganous [mn(ii)] to manganic [mn(iii)] ions. manganic chelates and these mn peroxidases have been implicated as central to the degradation of various natural and synthetic lignins and lignin-containing effluents by white rot (ligninolytic) fungi. another group of enzymes, the laccases, are commonly secreted by wood-rotting fungi, ...	1992	1622216
characterization of a lignin peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor.	a genomic library of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor has been constructed and a gene coding for a lignin peroxidase has been isolated and sequenced. the gene, which contains 6 introns, encodes a protein of 346 amino acid residues, preceded by a tentative 26-residue signal peptide. the deduced amino-terminal sequence agrees with the amino-terminal end of a lignin peroxidase isozyme previously isolated from carbon-limited cultures of t versicolor.	1992	1581393
the anti-tumor effect of a small polypeptide from coriolus versicolor (spcv).	a new small polypeptide was isolated from the crude extraction of polysaccharide peptide of coriolus versicolor (cov-1) by hplc and cief. it has a smaller molecular weight (10k) compared with that of psp (100k) and was named small peptide of coriolus versicolor, spcv. it was found that spcv possesses potent cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines of hl-60, ls174-t, smmu-7721, and scg-7901. the ic50 of spcv on hl-60 was 30 micrograms/ml. the inhibition rates of leukemia cells and scg-7901 were ...	1992	1471606
metabolism of pah by fungi and correlation with extracellular enzymatic activities.	the activity to metabolize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene by trametes versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus (white rot fungi), laetiporus sulphureus, daedaela quercina, flamulina velutipes (brown rot fungi), marasmiellus sp. (litter decaying fungus) and penicillium sp. m 1 (isolated from a pah contaminated soil sample) were compared. screening methods for the presence of exoenzymes (peroxidases, polyphenoloxidases, "radical genera ...	1993	8229670
effects of 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose on selected glucose-metabolizing enzymes.	it was verified, by n.m.r. and fast-atom-bombardment-m.s. studies, that the c-2 position of 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose, which was prepared by the reaction of immobilized glucose 2-oxidase from coriolus versicolor (with 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol), is hydrated to the acetal form in water. the effects of 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose on several glucose-metabolizing enzymes were compared with those of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol. glucose 1-oxidase from aspergillus niger was inhibited by 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose (ki 6.6 ...	1993	8297506
[effects of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on productivity and longevity in drosophila melanogaster].	coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (cvp), extracted from coriolus versicolor (l) fr, were composed of 67.53% beta-d-glucose, 12.49% d-mannose, 11.49% l-abequose, 8.21% d-galactose, and trace l-acofriose. on oregon k stock of drosophila melanogaster, 0.5%-5% of cvp increased the number of taking food. cvp 2%, 3%, and 5% increased the frequency of mating and 0.5%-3% increased the number of flies in first filial generation (f1). cvp (2% and 3% in mated test; 1% and 2% in unmated test) prolonged th ...	1993	8010074
postoperative psk and ok-432 immunochemotherapy for patients with gastric cancer.	we evaluated the effects of chemotherapy given postoperatively with and without immunomodulators on the survival of patients who had undergone resection for gastric cancer. we conducted a retrospective survey of data on 963 japanese patients treated at our department of surgery between 1965 and 1987. data related to the duration of postoperative survival were calculated for those who received chemotherapy, i.e. an individualized combination of various agents given with or without the immunomodul ...	1993	8261578
activation of peritoneal macrophages by polysaccharopeptide from the mushroom, coriolus versicolor.	polysaccharopeptide (psp) is a substance produced by an edible mushroom, coriolus versicolor which has been claimed to possess antitumor activity. however, neither tumoricidal activity nor cytotoxicity was observed when five tumor cell lines and mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in vitro in the presence of 2.5-10 micrograms/ml psp. an increase in the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, reactive oxygen intermediates (superoxide anions) and tumor necrosis factor was measured in ...	1993	8282538
stimulation by psk of interleukin-1 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	psk (krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from coriolus versicolor, stimulated the production of interleukin-1 (il-1) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells more efficiently than the production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf). more il-1 alpha was accumulated in the cells than in the medium fraction, whereas il-1 beta was distributed evenly into both fractions. psk stimulated the production of adherent mononuclear cells, in which significantly higher amounts of il-1 alpha/il-1 b ...	1993	8317896
psk as a chemopreventive agent.	psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation obtained from cultured mycelia of the cm-101 strain of coriolus versicolor belonging to basidiomycetes, is a biological response modifier capable of exhibiting diverse biological activities. this agent has been used clinically for the treatment of postoperative cancer patients in japan by oral use. in this paper, chemopreventive aspects of psk were reviewed. oral administration of psk reduced the incidence of tumor and/or prolonged the survival per ...	1993	8318880
isozymes of lignin peroxidase and manganese(ii) peroxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete trametes versicolor. i. isolation of enzyme forms and characterization of physical and catalytic properties.	the basidiomycete trametes versicolor is a white-rot fungus and a potent degrader of lignin. the development of extracellular enzyme activities in the fungal culture under physiological conditions of secondary metabolism was investigated. using the culture medium as starting material a large number of peroxidase forms were purified by the use of chromatographic techniques. sixteen forms of lignin peroxidase and five forms of manganese(ii) peroxidase were separated and the majority of these enzym ...	1993	8424685
isozymes of lignin peroxidase and manganese(ii) peroxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete trametes versicolor. ii. partial sequences, peptide maps, and amino acid and carbohydrate compositions.	the basidiomycete trametes versicolor, a white-rot fungus and potent degrader of lignin, produces multiple forms of extracellular peroxidases. nine of these forms, six lignin peroxidases and three manganese(ii) peroxidases, purified as described in the preceding paper, were characterized by amino-terminal sequencing, amino acid analyses, carbohydrate analyses, or peptide mapping. for two of the lignin peroxidase forms, tryptic peptides were isolated and sequenced to an extent corresponding to ab ...	1993	8424691
enzymatic dimerization of penicillin x.	penicillin x methyl ester was transformed into three types of dimer by laccase from coriolus versicolor. the dimers are considered to be formed by free-radical addition of phenoxy radicals produced by laccase. the enzyme reaction with the ester as substrate was more suitable for forming dimers than that with the sodium salt as substrate. penicillin x pivaloyloxymethyl ester was also transformed into a dimer, which had antibacterial activity in the presence of esterase.	1993	8436547
characterization and structural analysis of the laccase i gene from the newly isolated ligninolytic basidiomycete pm1 (cect 2971).	we have isolated and characterized the cdna and genomic dna coding for a phenoloxidase, laccase i, previously purified from culture supernatant of the newly isolated ligninolytic basidiomycete pm1 (cect 2971). a cdna library from basidiomycete pm1 was constructed, and laccase-encoding cdnas were identified by screening with antiserum raised against the purified enzyme. the lac1 gene coding for the laccase was identified in a partial genomic library by using the isolated cdna as a probe. nucleoti ...	1993	8285710
is an activator protein-2-like transcription factor involved in regulating gene expression during nitrogen limitation in fungi?	the upstream sequences of all published lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase genomic clones from phanerochaete chrysosporium were analyzed. this analysis revealed the presence of putative activator protein-2 (ap-2) recognition sequences in 11 of 15 lignin peroxidase genes. the lignin peroxidase clone glg6 and the manganese peroxidase gene (mnp-1) have two copies of putative ap-2 sequence in the upstream region. interestingly, the lignin peroxidase gene vlg4 of another white rot fungus, tra ...	1993	8357266
reversal of inhibition of reactive oxygen species on respiratory burst of macrophages by polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor.	using a luminol-dependent, chemiluminescence assay we found tert-butylhydroperoxide to be a strong inhibitor of the respiratory burst of mouse peritoneal macrophages. however, the inhibition of respiratory burst induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide could be prevented after the interperitoneal injection of polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor (psk). further investigation showed that glutathione peroxidase activity was markedly elevated in psk-treated macrophages. after incubation with tert-butyl ...	1993	8505152
manganese peroxidase, produced by trametes versicolor during pulp bleaching, demethylates and delignifies kraft pulp.	previous work has shown that trametes (coriolus) versicolor bleaches kraft pulp brownstock with the concomitant release of methanol. in this work, the fungus is shown to produce both laccase and manganese peroxidase (mnp) but not lignin peroxidase during pulp bleaching. mnp production was enhanced by the presence of pulp and/or mn(ii) ions. the maximum level of secreted mnp was coincident with the maximum rate of fungal bleaching. culture filtrates isolated from bleaching cultures produced mn(ii ...	1993	16348850
kraft pulp bleaching and delignification by dikaryons and monokaryons of trametes versicolor.	the ability of 10 dikaryotic and 20 monokaryotic strains of trametes (coriolus) versicolor to bleach and delignify hardwood and softwood kraft pulps was assessed. a dikaryon (52p) and two of its mating-compatible monokaryons (52j and 52d) derived via protoplasting were compared. all three regularly bleached hardwood kraft pulp more than 20 brightness points (international standards organization) in 5 days and softwood kraft pulp the same amount in 12 days. delignification (kappa number reduction ...	1993	16348851