Publications

comparison digestibility and protozoa population of khuzestan water buffalo and holstein cow.	the major aim of this study was to compare the morphology and activity of rumen protozoa of khuzestan water buffalo and holstein cow using in vitro digestibility and gas production parameters of steam treated sugarcane pith. rumen fluid obtained from two buffalo and cow steers fed the same diet, 30:70 concentrate: forage. to separate rumen protozoa, antibiotic solution and fungicides were added to rumen fluid. the results of present experiment indicated that the neutral detergent fiber (ndf; 7.8 ...	0	25610581
silencing of molt-regulating transcription factor gene, cihr3, affects growth and development of sugarcane stem borer, chilo infuscatellus.	rna interference (rnai) is a technology for conducting functional genomic studies and a potential tool for crop protection against insect pests. development of reliable methods for production and delivery of double-stranded rna (dsrna) is the major challenge for efficient pest control. in this study, chilo infuscatellus snellen (crambidae: lepidoptera) was fed with cihr3 dsrna expressed in bacteria or synthesized in vitro. the dsrna ingested by c. infuscatellus successfully triggered silencing o ...	0	23427912
exploiting est databases for the development and characterisation of 3425 gene-tagged cisp markers in biofuel crop sugarcane and their transferability in cereals and orphan tropical grasses.	sugarcane is an important cash crop, providing 70% of the global raw sugar as well as raw material for biofuel production. genetic analysis is hindered in sugarcane because of its large and complex polyploid genome and lack of sufficiently informative gene-tagged markers. modern genomics has produced large amount of ests, which can be exploited to develop molecular markers based on comparative analysis with est datasets of related crops and whole rice genome sequence, and accentuate their cross- ...	0	23379891
origin of noble sugar-canes (saccharum officinarum l.).		1948	18916834
puccinia kuehnii (krueg.) butler on sugarcane in india.		1950	15427344
the action of 2,4-d upon the azotobacter of some sugarcane soils.		1953	13066030
coliforms associated with sugarcane plants and juices.	a study of the coliforms found on sugarcane plants throughout the growing season indicated that members of the genus aerobacter comprise a part of the epiphytic microflora. when quantitative determinations were made of the coliforms by means of the most probable number technique, no completed tests were obtained on young sugarcane plants during the test period of february through may; however, paracolobactrum aerogenoides was isolated frequently. nine different imvic types of coliforms were iden ...	1964	14131368
purification and electron microscopy of sugarcane mosaic virus.		1966	5905297
gibberellins of sugarcane.	in our hands a phosphate buffered celite column has given an adequate separation of ga(1) and ga(3). these 2 gibberellins are normally very difficult to separate. young sugarcane growing under moisture stress contains at least 2 gibberellin-like substances. one is suspected to be ga(5). the other is unknown but has high activity in the barley endosperm assay and is neither ga(1) nor ga(3). four-month-old cane contains 2 major growth promoters. from their chromatographic, fluorimetric and biologi ...	1966	16656369
differentiation of aerobacter-klebsiella isolated from sugarcane.	three hundred and eighty-four isolates were obtained in the completed test portion of the most probable number determinations of coliforms in sugarcane sources. of these isolates, 88% were of the (- - + +) indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate (imvic) type and were identified as aerobacter aerogenes according to the protocol of the american public health association (1). employing 359 of these cultures, a comparative biochemical, serological, and pathogenicity study was carried out with k ...	1968	5726159
mortality staging of dominant lethals induced in the f1 generation of the sugarcane borer; diatraea saccharalis (f.).	comparative egg maturation was observed between fertile eggs laid by unirradiated females, by unirradiated females mated with irradiated males, by irradiated females mated with normal males, and by virgin unirradiated females. haploid eggs turn yellow and dry by the fifth day. eggs from irradiated parents develop more slowly than normal eggs. most embryos from parents irradiated as p generation adults at 16.8 kilorads for males and 12.0 kr for females die early in embryonic development. a descri ...	1968	17387934
absorption of copper, zinc, and manganese by sugarcane leaf tissue.	the absorption of cu(2+), zn(2+), and mn(2+) by leaf tissue of 4-month old sugarcane plants (saccharum officinarum l., var. h53-263) has been investigated. after the "apparent free space" fraction was desorbed, the absorption of cu(2+), mn(2+), and zn(2+) yielded a curve typical of many ion uptake processes when measured as a function of the external concentration. however, only 1 absorption mechanism was evident for each cation. the ph optimum for cu(2+) and zn(2+) uptake was 5.0 to 6.0, wherea ...	1969	16657055
quantitative genetics of sugarcane : ii. correlation analysis of continuous characters in relation to hybrid sugarcane breeding.	1. a study has been made of the genetic, clonal and environmental correlations existing among commercially important characters in a sugarcane breeding population of interspecific hybrid origin. 2. in general, there is a close correspondence between genetic correlation coefficients measuring the extent of association at the level of family means, and clonal correlations measuring genotypic relationships at the level of clone means. greater weight has therefore been given to the numerical estimat ...	1969	24435213
a survey of plants for leaf peroxisomes.	leaves of 10 plant species, 7 with photorespiration (spinach, sunflower, tobacco, pea, wheat, bean, and swiss chard) and 3 without photorespiration (corn, sugarcane, and pigweed), were surveyed for peroxisomes. the distribution pattern for glycolate oxidase, glyoxylate reductase, catalase, and part of the malate dehydrogenase indicated that these enzymes exist together in this organelle. the peroxisomes were isolated at the interface between layers of 1.8 to 2.3 m sucrose by isopycnic nonlinear ...	1969	5775848
[hydrocyanic acid poisoning in cattle caused by grazing on sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) and supplemental feeding of fruits of the algarrobo tree (prosopis juliflora)].		1969	4310389
catalase and peroxidase activity in sugarcane infected with sugarcane mosaic virus.		1970	5413808
phenolic content of sugarcane in relation to red rot disease.		1970	5483747
[influence of ph on the sugarcane mosaic virus].		1971	4261514
photosynthetic co(2) fixation products and activities of enzymes related to photosynthesis in bermudagrass and other plants.	after a 5-second exposure of illuminated bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon l. var. ;coastal') leaves to (14)co(2), 84% of the incorporated (14)c was recovered as aspartate and malate. after transfer from (14)co(2)-air to (12)co(2)-air under continuous illumination, total radioactivity decreased in aspartate, increased in 3-phosphoglyceric acid and alanine, and remained relatively constant in malate. carbon atom 1 of alanine was labeled predominantly, which was interpreted to indicate that alanine w ...	1971	16657595
leaf microbodies (peroxisomes) and catalase localization in plants differing in their photosynthetic carbon pathways.	the tropical grasses sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) and pangolagrass (digitaria decumbens) contained fewer leaf microbodies than temperate orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata). leaf microbodies were seen in both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of tropical grasses. the fibrous elements in the microbodies of tropical grasses differed from those of the temperate grass. catalase was predominantly localized in the microbodies of leaf cells (3,3'-diaminobenzidine method). the site of greatest ca ...	1971	24493219
[differences in the light-activation of nadp-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase between plants containing the calvin and those containing the c4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthetic carbon reduction].	1. preceding experiments had shown that irradiance of intact leaves or of isolated chloroplasts causes a reversible increase in the activity of nadp-gpd (ziegler and ziegler, 1965) as well as of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (latzko and gibbs, 1969). examination of several species which carry out the calvin type of photosynthetic co2 fixation (vicia faba, spinacia oleracea, nicotiana tabacum, avena sativa) now revealed that the dark level of nadp-gpd activity ranges between 300-400 μmol nadph/mg c ...	1971	24493083
sugar accumulation in sugarcane: carrier-mediated active transport of glucose.	the rate-limiting reaction for glucose uptake in storage tissue of sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., appears to be the movement of glucose across the boundary between the free space and the metabolic compartments. the mechanism for uptake of glucose across this boundary has been studied using 3-o-methyl glucose, an analogue of glucose which is not metabolized by sugar-cane tissue.this analogue is taken up by sugarcane storage tissue at a similar rate to glucose. its rate of uptake follows mic ...	1972	16658002
sugar transport in immature internodal tissue of sugarcane: i. mechanism and kinetics of accumulation.	transmembrane sugar transport into immature internodal parenchyma tissue of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) is a metabolically regulated process as evidenced by its sensitivity to ph, temperature, anaerobiosis, and metabolic inhibitors. all sugars studied-glucose, fructose, galactose, sorbose, glucose 6-phosphate, 3-o-methylglucose, and 2-deoxy-d-glucose-were apparently transported via the same carrier sites since they competed with each other for uptake. external concentrations of these su ...	1972	16657901
d-arabitol production by endomycopsis burtonii in sugarcane juice media.		1972	5070708
sugar transport in immature internodal tissue of sugarcane: ii. mechanism of sucrose transport.	the mechanism by which sucrose is transported into the inner spaces of immature internodal parenchyma tissue of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l. var. h 49-5) was studied in short term experiments (15 to 300 seconds). transport of sucrose, glucose, and fructose was each characterized by a v(max) of 1.3 mumoles/gram fresh weight.2 hours, and each of these three sugars mutually and competitively inhibited transport of the other two. when (14)c-glucose was supplied exogenously, (14)c-glucose 6-ph ...	1972	16658049
biochemical basis of the resistance of sugarcane to eyespot disease.	helminthosporoside is the host-specific toxin produced by helminthosporium sacchari, the organism causing eyespot disease on sugarcane. clones of sugarcane susceptible to the toxin posses a membrane protein that binds the toxin. membranes of resistant clones do not bind the toxin. in this study, a binding protein from a susceptible clone was compared with its counterpart from a resistant clone. the protein from the resistant clone did not bind the toxin unless it was first treated with mild dete ...	1973	16592091
the helminthosporoside-binding protein of sugarcane. its properties and relationship to susceptibility to the eye spot disease.		1973	4686928
activation of polyphenol oxidase of chloroplasts.	polyphenol oxidase of leaves is located mainly in chloroplasts isolated by differential or sucrose density gradient centrifugation. this activity is part of the lamellar structure that is not lost on repeated washing of the plastids. the oxidase activity was stable during prolonged storage of the particles at 4 c or -18 c. the km (dihydroxyphenylalanine) for spinach leaf polyphenol oxidase was 7 mm by a spectrophotometric assay and 2 mm by the manometric assay. polyphenol oxidase activity in the ...	1973	16658308
localization of the c4 and c 3 pathways of photosynthesis in the leaves of pennisetum purpureum and other c4 species. insignificance of phenol oxidase.	mesophyll protoplasts and bundle-sheath cells of pennisetum purpureum schum., a c4 plant with low phenol-oxidase activity, were enzymatically separated according to methods recently developed with sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.), maize (zea mays l.), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.). the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nadp-malic dehydrogenase of the c4 pathway were found to be localized in the mesophyll protoplasts while ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (rudp) carboxylase, phosphoribulokinase ...	1974	24442563
cellulose fermentation: effect of substrate pretreatment on microbial growth.	the effects of chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatments of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse on the microbial digestibility of cellulose have been investigated. treatment with 4% naoh for 15 min at 100 c increased the digestibility of cellulose from 29.4 to 73%. treatment with 5.2% nh(3) could increase digestibility to 57.0% treatments with sulfuric acid and crude cellulase preparation solubilized cellulose but did not increase the digestibility. grinding or high-pressure cooking of the subst ...	1974	4809907
biological ensiling of sugarcane tops. vi. influence of naturally occurring microbial growth-promoting substances in sugarcane tops, malt, and alfalfa.		1974	4609859
evidence for the presence of the toxin-binding protein on the plasma membrane of sugarcane cells.	helminthosporoside is a host-specific toxin produced by helminthosporium sacchari, both in culture and in infected sugarcane tissue. the susceptibility of any given clone of sugarcane to disease is invariably associated with the presence of a toxin-binding protein. this report presents evidence for the presence of the toxin-binding protein on the plasma membrane of the plant cell. this evidence includes, among others: (1) the protection of susceptible plant tissues by prior treatment with antise ...	1974	4208550
biological ensiling of sugarcane tops. vii. isolation and characteristics of lactic acid bacteria.		1974	4215715
transfer of toxin susceptibility to plant protoplasts via the hemlmintosporoside binding protein of sugarcane.		1975	1169066
deficiency of toxin-binding protein activity in mutants of sugarcane clone h54-775 as it relates to disease resistance.	three mutants selected from a population of sugarcane clone h54-775 that had been irradiated with 3 kr gamma-radiation all lacked toxin-binding protein activity. this activity previously had been shown to be essential for eye spot disease susceptibility and was demonstrated in the susceptible parent clone h54-775. in one mutant, the biochemical, immunochemical, and electrophoretic mobilities of the toxin-binding protein were all modified.	1975	1203055
heat-induced resistance of sugarcane to helminthosporium sacchari and helminthosporoside.	sugarcane clones susceptible to eye spot disease became resistant to the pathogen or helminthosporoside activity during warm summer months. exposure of plants to 30 to 35 c temperatures, hot water treatment of excised leaves from 30 to 50 c, preincubation of leaves in an n(2) atmosphere, or preincubation in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors also induced resistance. hot water-treated leaves reverted to a susceptible condition. five to 15 c temperatures, an n(2) atmosphere, or protein s ...	1975	16659315
serinol as an activator of toxin production in attenuated cultures of helminthosporium sacchari.	successive transfer in synthetic medium of spores and mycelial fragments from original toxin-producing cultures of helminthosporium sacchari results in attenuated cultures which do not produce the host-specific toxin helminthosporoside. when attenuated cultures are grown on material obtained from the water wash of sugarcane leaves susceptible to this fungus, the production of heminthosporoside resumes. compounds that activate toxin production in the fungus are present on the leaf surface and pre ...	1976	16592362
effects of citrus pulp in high urea rations for steers.	effects of pelleted and conventional citrus pulp as a replacement for corn, with soybean meal added to keep protein comparable, were tested in rations with 5% urea and 33.33% sugarcane bagasse for fistulated steers. thus, all rations were low in readily fermented carbohydrates other than those of corn or citrus pulp. evaluation criteria were concentrations of urea in blood and of ph, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid. citrus pulp for diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0, 19, 38, or 55%. rum ...	1976	6495
sucrose hydrolysis in relation to phloem translocation in beta vulgaris.	asymmetrically labeled sucrose, (14)c(fructosyl)sucrose, was used to determine whether sucrose undergoes extracellular hydrolysis during phloem translocation in the sugar beet, beta vulgaris. in addition, the metabolism of various sugars accumulated and translocated was determined in various regious of the plant. these processes were studied in detached regions as well as in the intact, translocating plant in the source leaf, along the translocation path, and in a rapidly growing sink leaf and s ...	1977	16660089
properties and subcellular distribution of two partially purified ornithine transcarbamoylases in cell suspensions of sugarcane.	the spatially separated forms of ornithine transcarbamoylase (ec 2.1.3.3) of different molecular weights coexist in sugarcane (saccharum sp.). the smaller form of the enzyme (mol wt 79,000) appears to be cytoplasmic, while a larger form (mol wt 224,000) sedimented with mitochondria. the km of the cytoplasmic enzyme for ornithine was 3.11 mm, while the enzyme in the mitochondrial fraction had a km of 0.50 mm for this substrate; both enzymes had similar affinity for carbamoyl phosphate (0.12 mm). ...	1977	16660023
selection studies in sugarcane (saccharum sp. hybrids) : iii. a method to determine sample size for the estimation of population variance.	an approximate method to determine sample size for the estimation of population variance, σ(2), is given. the estimate of σ(2) is denoted as s(2) . based on the assumption of a normal distribution for (s(2)/σ(2)-1), the sample size is approximately equal to 20,000 z(2) p,/k(2); where z is a standard normal deviate, p is the probability that δs(2) (≡ 100¦s(2) - σ(2)¦/σ(2)) is less than, or equal to, a critical value k, and k (measured as gds(2)) is the desired precision of s(2) .the expected valu ...	1977	24317535
a vigorous mutant sugarcane (saccharum sp.) clone co 527.	a vigorous fast growing mutant which ends vegetative growth sixty days earlier than the parent variety co 527 was isolated from gamma irradiated vegetative buds. the mutant initially segregated but stabilized in the vm4 generation. its growth rate was almost fifty per cent higher than co 527 beginning in the early stages of growth. it produced a significantly higher early shoot population which enabled it to yield a higher number of millable canes at maturity. economic characters like sucrose co ...	1978	24317906
characteristics of a galactose-adapted sugarcane cell line grown in suspension culture.	although d-galactose is normally toxic to sugarcane (saccharum sp.) cells, a cell line that grows on 100 mm galactose has been propagated. nonadapted cells in a medium containing galactose instead of sucrose accumulate udp-galactose; these cells also have much lower udp-galactose 4-epimerase (ec 5.1.3.2) activity than do adapted cells. this enzyme may determine whether or not galactose will cause toxicity symptoms to develop. the growth rate of galactose-adapted cells is similar to most cell lin ...	1978	16660333
serinol phosphate as an intermediate in serinol formation in sugarcane.	a novel compound, serinol phosphate, was identified in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) clone 51ng97. it was produced by an enzyme-mediated transamination of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with either alanine, glutamate, aspartate, or glutamine serving equally well as an amino donor. some detectable phosphatase activity was present in crude leaf enzyme preparation that hydrolyzed serinol phosphate. a proposal for a pathway of the biosynthesis of serinol in sugarcane was formulated.serinol can serve ...	1978	16660234
enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials by sclerotium rolfsii culture filtrate for sugar production.	the hydrolysis of purified celluloses (cotton, avicel, cellulose-123, solka floc sw40) and cellulosic wastes (rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, wood powders, paper factory effluents) by sclerotium rolfsii cpc 142 culture filtrate was studied. factors which effect saccharification such as ph, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, produce inhibition, adsorption, and inactivation of enzyme and particle size were studied. virtually no inhibition (less than 3%) of cellulose hydroly ...	1979	38898
the relationship between membrane atpase activity in sugarcane and heat-induced resistance to helminthosporoside.	1. heating of susceptible sugarcane leaves (4 h at 35 degrees c) renders them resistant, for 24 h, to the effects of helminthosporoside. membrane atpase activity is reduced by 50% as a result of the heat treatment. when the leaves again become susceptible (after 24 h), membrane. atpase activity is fully restored. 2. inhibitors of membrane atpase activity protect susceptible leaves from the effects of helminthosporoside (kf, edta, and octylguanidine). 3. helminthosporoside activates (30%) membran ...	1979	158388
bioassay of endrin for possible carcinogenicity (cas no. 72-20-8).	endrin is an organochlorine pesticide having a structural characteristic of the cyclodiene group, which includes aldrin (cas no. 309-00-2), dieldrin (cas no. 60-57-1), chlordane (cas no. 57-74-9), heptachlor (cas no. 76-44-8), and endosulfan (cas no. 115-29-7). it is the most acutely toxic compound in the cyclodiene group but is less persistent in the environment than ddt or dieldrin. as an insecticide, it is currently used for small grains, sugarcane, and cotton; as an avicide, for forest seed ...	1979	12844154
effects of cryoprotectants in combination on the survival of frozen sugarcane cells.	cryoprotection of suspension cultures of sugarcane cells (saccharum sp.) during freezing to various temperatures was tested using glucose, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethylene glycol at various concentrations, alone and in combinations. viability of the thawed cells was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction, cell growth, and microscopic examination. enhanced cryoprotection-as much as a doubling in viability value-was achieved by employing glucose and dimethylsulfoxide in mixtures, as co ...	1979	16660775
photosynthetic pathway and biomass energy production.	the current interest in locating new or alternative sources of energy has focused attention on solar energy capture by crops that can be subsequently utilized as a substitute for fossil fuels. the very high productivity of sugarepane and the fact that it accumulates sugars that are directly fermentable to alcohol may have caused seemingly less productive crops to be overlooked. we show here that recoverable alcohol from achievable commercial yields of pineapple can actually equal that of sugarca ...	1979	17729660
microbial activity in organic soils as affected by soil depth and crop.	the microbial activity of pahokee muck, a lithic medisaprist, and the effect of various environmental factors, such as position in the profile and type of plant cover, were examined. catabolic activity for [7-c]salicylic acid, [1,4-c]succinate, and [1,2-c]acetate remained reasonably constant in surface (0 to 10 cm) soil samples from a fallow (bare) field from late in the wet season (may to september) through january. late in january, the microbial activity toward all three compounds decreased ap ...	1979	16345393
a survey for isoenzymes of glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in c3-, c 4-and crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants, and green algae.	two isoenzymes each of glucosephosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.9), phosphoglucomutase (ec 2.7.5.1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.43) were separated by (nh4)2so4 gradient solubilization and deae-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography from green leaves of the c3-plants spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.), of the crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants crassula lycopodioides lam., b ...	1979	24317570
observations on pre-prophase bands of microtubules in uniseriate hairs, stomatal complexes of sugar cane, and cyperus root meristems.	three aspects of the location and properties of pre-prophase bands of microtubules inplant tissues were examined. (i) anatomical locations: pre-prophase bands were found preceding mitosis in the basal meristematic cell of uniseriate hairs in salvinia auriculata and in intercalary dividing cells in the uniseriate hairs of tradescantia stamens. previously they had only been found in 2- or 3-dimensional aggregates of cells. other new locations were tradescantia stamen filaments, and periclinal and ...	1980	7398662
inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in isolated spinach chloroplasts by two 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl derivatives.	buthidazole (3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone) and tebuthiuron (n-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-n,n'-dimethylurea) are two new promising herbicides for selective weed control in corn (zea mays l.) and sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.), respectively. the effects of these two compounds on various photochemical reactions of isolated spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts were studied at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, an ...	1980	16661181
effect of several environmental parameters on carbon metabolism in histosols.	high specific activity(14)c-labeled glucose, succinate, acetate, salicylate, and amino acids were used to examine carbon metabolism by the microbial community of pahokee muck (alithic medisaprist), a drained, cultivated soil of the florida everglades. variations in carbon oxidation were observed from the end of the wet season through the dry season in a fallow (bare) field. evolution of(14)co2 varied with the substrate added and time. calculation of(14)co2 evolution for each substrate as a propo ...	1980	24232520
combining ability and parental evaluation in five selected clones of sugarcane (saccharum sp. hybrids).	five hawaiian commercial sugarcane (saccharum sp. hybrids) clones were crossed in a full diallel. four morphological characters were studied in the progeny: number of millable stalks per plant, stalk diameter, stalk length, and sucrose content. a fifth character, plant volume, was calculated from stalk number, stalk diameter and stalk length. the five selected parental clones were treated as fixed variables in the analysis. general combining ability (gca) was significant for all five characters; ...	1980	24305911
further studies on the use of protein a in immune electron microscopy for detecting virus particles.	the immune electron microscopic technique which involves pre-coating electron microscope grids with protein a before coating them with the specific antiserum, has been found suitable for detecting isometric insect and plant viruses. with the three virus-antibody combinations tested, the optimum antiserum dilution for protein a plus antiserum treatment was found to be 1:100 or less, whereas in the case of grids treated with antiserum alone it ranged from 1:1000 to 1:2000 although the titre of the ...	1980	7014777
bioassay of fluometuron for possible carcinogenicity (cas no. 2164-17-2).	fluometuron is a phenylurea herbicide used in agriculture to control broad- leaved and grass weeds in cotton and sugarcane fields. the area of heaviest use is the mississippi delta. applications of low concentrations selectively kill weeds. a bioassay of the phenylurea herbicide fluometuron for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to f344 rats and b6c3f1 mice. groups of 50 rats of each sex were fed diets containing 125 or 250 ppm of fluometuron for 10 ...	1980	12778184
biology of azospirillum-sugarcane association: enhancement of nitrogenase activity.	azospirillum brasilense was reisolated from associations with callus tissue cultures of sugarcane and compared with stock cultures of the inoculated bacterium and related strains. although the reisolate had a growth rate similar to stock cultures, it exhibited a severalfold increase in maximum specific activity of nitrogenase. the reisolate and the parent culture had similar ultrastructure. the general ultrastructure of azospirillum is described. the bacterium was capsulated when grown on nitrog ...	1980	16345531
eyespot disease of sugarcane : induction of host-specific toxin and its interaction with leaf cells.	helminthosporium sacchari produces a toxin which is responsible for the symptoms of eyespot disease in saccharum officinarum. a rapid and highly repeatable bioassay based on increase in conductivity of tissue leachates showed that the interaction of toxin with sugarcane obeys michaelis-menten hyperbolic saturation kinetics. there was no evidence for positive or negative cooperation interaction. resistant and susceptible cultivars of sugar cane had distinctive conductivity characteristics. co-cul ...	1981	16661684
alpha-galactoside binding proteins from plant membranes: isolation, characterization, and relation to helminthosporoside binding proteins of sugarcane.	alpha-galactoside binding proteins were isolated from cellular membranes of mint and tobacco as well as two clones of sugarcane which differ in their sensitivity to helminthosporoside, a toxic galactoside. sodium trichloroacetate was used to disrupt membranes after which the proteins were purified using a melibiose-sepharose-6b affinity column. proteins from mint, tobacco, and susceptible sugarcane had equal electrophoretic mobilities, whereas resistant sugarcane protein migrated more slowly. pr ...	1981	16661831
coat protein of potyviruses. i. comparison of the four australian strains of sugarcane mosaic virus.	as an aid to a more rational classification of the potyvirus group, we have examined the molecular weight, amino acid composition, and tryptic peptide map of the coat protein of four australian sugarcane mosaic virus strains: johnson grass (jg), sugarcane (sc), queensland blue couch grass (bc), and sabi grass (sabi). the proteins migrated as a single band in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with molecular weights of 33,700 (sc), 34,200 (jg), 39,100 (bc), and 40,300 (sabi). the bc and sabi ...	1981	18635056
towards a system for the identification and classification of potyviruses. ii. virus particle length, symptomatology, and cytopathology of six distinct viruses.	the mean particle lengths of lettuce mosaic virus (lmv), bean common mosaic virus (bcmv), passionfruit woodiness virus (pwv), potato virus y (pvy), sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv), and one strain of bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv) were all shown to be close to 750 nm. however, the length of two other serologically closely related strains of bymv, variants of pea mosaic virus referred to as pmv and spmv, had significantly longer particles, about 792 and 842 nm. each of the distinct viruses had read ...	1981	18635068
detection and identification of fiji disease virus in infected sugarcane by immunodiffusion, immuno-osmophoretic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	radial double-immunodiffusion, immuno-osmophoretic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) methods have been compared for the detection of fiji disease virus (fdv) in infected sugarcane tissue extracts using an antiserum containing antibodies specific to fdv proteins and ds-rna. elisa was the most sensitive of these tests and detected only fdv-specific proteins byt not ds-rna. immuno-osmophoretic tests were less sensitive than elisa but detected both the protein and ds-rna antigens as dist ...	1981	6795221
purification and properties of alpha-galactosidase from immature stalks of saccharum officinarum (sugar cane).	the immature sugar cane stalks studied contained less than 7% sucrose, and showed the activities of enzymes such as invertase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase, and beta-galactosidase. the alpha-galactosidase was highly purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on a sephadex g-100 column, ionexchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, and cm-cellulose columns, and heat treatment (60 degrees c, 15 min) in the p ...	1981	6279579
effect of sugars and amino acids on membrane potential in two clones of sugarcane.	sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) leaf parenchyma cells bathed in 1x solution maintained an average membrane potential of -135 millivolts in the dark. no difference in membrane potential was found between clones 51 ng 97 and h50 7209. an electrogenic pump appears to contribute to membrane potential in these cells. sugars (25 millimolar) added externally caused the following membrane potential depolarizations (in millivolts) in clone 51 ng 97: glucose, 18 +/- 4; galactose, 24 +/- 7; 3-o-methyl ...	1981	16661617
purification and properties of thermostable beta-xylosidase from immature stalks of saccharum officinarum l. (sugar cane).	thermostable beta-xylosidase was purified from immature sugar cane stalks to an electrophoretically homogeneous form by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and p-cellulose columns, heat treatment (70 degrees c, 20 min) and gel filtration on a sephadex g-100 column. the purification was about 165-fold in specific activity with a high recovery of 43%. the apparent molecular weight of the enzyme, as determined by gel filtration, was 62,000. in sds-polyacryl ...	1982	6819293
leaf vasculature in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.).	the vascular system of the leaves of saccharum officinarum l. is composed in part of a system of longitudinal strands that in any given transverse section may be divided into three types of bundle according to size and structure: small, intermediate, and large. virtually all of the longitudinal strands intergrade, however, from one type bundle to another. for example, virutually all of the strands having large bundle anatomy appear distally in the blade as small bundles, which intergrade into in ...	1982	24272309
vacuoles from sugarcane suspension cultures : iii. protonmotive potential difference.	the electrochemical proton gradient across the tonoplast of isolated (saccharum sp.) vacuoles and vacuoles in situ was measured. the isolated vacuoles show no significant protonmotive potential difference, the ph gradient of 0.8 (inside acid) was balanced by a membrane potential of about -80 mv (inside negative). from ph and uncoupler insensitivity and k(+) sensitivity, it was concluded that the experimentally caused k(+) gradient created the electric potential.qualitatively different results we ...	1982	16662395
vacuoles from sugarcane suspension cultures : ii. characterization of sugar uptake.	vacuoles, isolated from sugarcane (saccharum sp.) cells, took up 3-o methylglucose and sucrose and the evidence suggests specific transport systems for these sugars. there was no evidence of sugar efflux from preloaded vacuoles. vacuoles in situ accumulated 3-o methylglucose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, as shown by incubation of protoplasts with labeled sugar and subsequent analysis of vacuolar and cytoplasmic radio-activity. during the initial minutes of incubation, the amount and concentra ...	1982	16662394
vacuoles from sugarcane suspension cultures : i. isolation and partial characterization.	vacuoles were isolated from suspension cultures of sugarcane (saccharum sp.) cells by centrifugation of protoplasts at high g force against a 12% (w/v) ficoll solution. distribution of marker enzymes and concanavalin a binding showed an 11% contamination of the vacuole preparation by cytoplasmic components, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, and 18% contamination by plasma membrane. acid phosphatase, carboxypeptidase, protease, peroxidase, and ribonuclease activities were enriched in isola ...	1982	16662393
effect of nutritional factors on cellulase enzyme and microbial protein production by aspergillus terreus and its evaluation.	the biomass yield, cellulolytic activity, and protein recovery using aspergillus terreus gn1 with alkali-treated sugarcane bagasse was studied using different levels (250-600 mg of n/l of broth) of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. e.g., cattle urine, urea, cornsteep liquor, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium iron sulfate, ammonium chloride, and sodium nitrate. among different levels of alkali-treated bagasse substrate concentrations (0.5-4.0% w/v) tested, 1.0% substrate yielded ...	1982	18546104
electro-blot radioimmunoassay of virus-infected plant sap - a powerful new technique for detecting plant viruses.	a new technique for detecting viruses in plant sap is described. it consists of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the infected plant sap, electrophoretic transfer of protein bands to activated paper by the electro-blot technique, the subsequent probing of the viral coat protein band by specific antiserum (prepared against intact virus), and detection of immune complex with 125 i-labelled protein a. the technique successfully detected tobacco mosaic virus at a sap dilu ...	1982	7061671
migration within the periphery: haitian labor in the dominican sugar and coffee industries.	"this article presents data on the employment of haitian labor in the sugar and coffee sectors in the dominican economy. the haitian cyclical pattern of migration is related to the enclave pattern of development as it has occurred in the dominican republic. the common features of both coffee and sugarcane production which stimulate the reliance on cheap foreign labor are discussed."	1982	12312174
an increased risk for lung cancer mortality associated with sugarcane farming.	in a study to determine putative occupation-related factors responsible for the excessive mortality due to lung cancer in southern louisiana, the next-of-kin were interviewed of 284 of 400 persons (71%) randomly sampled from a total of 815 persons who died of lung cancer during 1971 through 1977 and had lived in any of 10 parishes (counties) of southern louisiana. of the decedents, 108 (38%) had been employed for at least 6 months as sugarcane farm workers at some time during their lives. logist ...	1982	6951086
migration and disease problems: a study of pattern of migration in an endemic area of malaria in thailand.	the preliminary results of a study of rural-rural migration in an endemic area of malaria is reported. the study on socio-economic status of migrant workers was made during the post planting season of sugarcane plantation in tambon nong rhee kanchanaburi province. among 9,311 population in four villages of this tambon, 15.4% were migrants and 45.5% were from the northeast provinces of thailand. almost half of the migrant population came to the area for the first time and stayed for six months mo ...	1983	6612428
identification of metabolites of hexazinone by mass spectrometry.	the metabolites of hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1h,3h)-dione ] obtained in the rat and in plants were identified by mass spectrometry. rat urine metabolites were identified from direct probe spectra obtained on metabolites separated by thin-layer chromatography. sugarcane metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. the major metabolic routes were found to be hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl group ...	1983	6661503
enzymic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by autohydrolysis-steam explosion.	pretreatment of bagasse by autohydrolysis at 200 degrees c for 4 min and explosive defibration resulted in the solubilization of 90% of the hemicellulose (a heteroxylan) and in the production of a pulp that was highly susceptible to hydrolysis by cellulases from trichoderma reesei c-30 and qm 9414, and by a comercial preparation, meicelase. saccharification yields of 50% resulted after 24 h at 50 degrees c (ph 5.0) in enzymic digests containing 10% (w/v) bagasse pulps and 20 filter paper cellula ...	1983	18548636
a generalized kinetic model for the study of microbial growth.	the following general equation is proposed to represent the kinetics of microbial growth \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\phi (dr/dt) + \psi r + x = 0$$\end{document}, where phi and psi depend on several parameters of the fermenting system. the values of phi and psi were calculated based on results obtained in a batch lactic acid fermentation, a batch cultivation of yeast on diesel oil, and a continuous cultivation of yeast on sugarcane molasses.	1983	18548639
effect of pretreatment on the hydrolysis of cellulose by penicillium funiculosum cellulase and recovery of enzyme.	penicillium funiculosum produces a complete cellulase which brings about 97% hydrolysis of cotton and has high beta-glucosidase, xylanase, laminarinase, and lichenase activities. this article deals with the effect of different pretreatments on the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by p. funiculosum enzymes and the recovery of enzyme from the insoluble residues. enzymic saccharification of bagasse pretreated with hot 1n naoh followed by neutralization with hci and steam treated under pressure (7 kg ...	1983	18551487
biotransformation of cannabidiol to cannabielsoin by suspension cultures of cannabis sativa and saccharum officinarum.	suspension cultures of cannabis sativa l. and saccharum officinarum l. have been shown to biotransform cannabidiol to cannabielsoin under normal growth conditions. both cannabielsoin c-1 stereoisomers were produced. mass spectral and chromatographic evidence were used in this identification. this is the first reported biologically catalyzed synthesis of cannabielsoin as well as the first biotransformation of any cannabinoid by plant tissue culture systems. possible mechanisms and significance of ...	1983	17404934
plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane.	plants, regenerated from callus cultures of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) clone ij76-316, originated through somatic embryogenesis. callus cultures were established from primordial leaves and apical meristems on murashige and skoog medium (ms) supplemented with 3 mg 1(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 100 ml 1(-1) coconut water (msc3). nodular calli formed within 2 weeks of culture. calli were maintained on msc3 medium by transfer every 3 to 4 weeks. somatic embryogenesis occurred a ...	1983	24257849
in vitro propagation of a saccharum officinarum (l.) and sclerostachya fusca (roxb.) a. camus hybrid.	callus induction and plant differentiation were obtained in an intergeneric hybrid of saccharum officinarum and sclerostachya fusca. the sub clones showed morphological variation. chromosome numerical variation was not observed but structural aberrations were noticed in some sub clones. the study indicates the use of tissue culture technique for inducing intergeneric gene transfer in saccharum hybrids.	1984	24258543
selective toxins and analogs produced by helminthosporium sacchari: production, characterization, and biological activity.	helminthosporium sacchari toxin and several lower molecular weight, nontoxic analogs were isolated from culture filtrates. three isomers of the toxin (a, b, and c), each with four galactose units, were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. isomer c had the highest and isomer a had the lowest toxicity to h. sacchari-susceptible sugarcane; resistant clones were not affected. each toxin isomer was partially digested with a beta-galactofuranosidase and the resulting analogs (seven fro ...	1984	16663832
[isolation, culture and test of the toxicity of toxigenic fungi from mildewed sugarcane].		1984	6442604
acute and environmental toxicity studies with hexazinone.	the acute toxicity of hexazinone, a herbicide intended for general noncropland areas and selected crop uses (alfalfa and sugarcane), has been evaluated to establish proper handling guidelines and to measure its potential impact on the environment. the material is slightly to moderately toxic when given as a single oral dose; its ld50 in male rats is 1690 mg/kg, in male guinea pigs 860 mg/kg, and in male dogs greater than 3400 mg/kg although in the dog emesis prevented accurate quantitation. when ...	1984	6479506
detection of double-stranded rna by serologically specific electron microscopy.	details of a procedure for detecting double-stranded rna (dsrna) in virus and viroid infected tissue extracts using serologically specific electron microscopy are given. a method for staining dsrna, based on in situ formation of uranyl phosphate, that consistently permits the examination of dsrna by electron microscopy without shadowing with heavy metals, is described. the method provides for routine assays for dsrna in crude extracts without the variable results associated with shadowing proced ...	1984	6530480
preliminary characterization of an antibiotic produced by xanthomonas albilineans which inhibits dna synthesis in escherichia coli.	chlorosis-inducing isolates of xanthomonas albilineans, the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen, produced a mixture of antibacterial compounds in culture. the antibiotic mixture, which eluted as a single strongly retarded peak from sephadex lh-20 in methanol, was bactericidal to escherichia coli. inhibition of e. coli was not reversed by added nutrients, and affected cells were not lysed but many accumulated polyphosphate granules. the major antibacterial component, isolated in crystalline form after ...	1985	2410547
effect of glycans of saccharum officinarum on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of rats.	a polysaccharide fraction of saccharum officinarum was tested for its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal rats and those fed a high sugar diet. feeding with the high sugar diet induced an elevation of serum glucose and significant accumulation of lipid peroxides in the serum and liver. the accumulation of lipid peroxides was inhibited by combined feeding with the polysaccharide fraction. pathological examination showed that endothelial cell swelling in ascending aorta was foun ...	1985	4094470
migration, remittances and development: a study of caribbean cane cutters in florida.	the results of a 1981 survey of 302 caribbean sugarcane cutters who were temporary immigrants in florida are presented. the focus is on remittances to the islands of origin. the results provide "no evidence that seasonal stateside employment expands agricultural output, or enhances the productive capacity of small farmers in the caribbean."	1985	12280257
fed-batch cultivation of cellulomonas on sugarcane bagasse pith.	a high biomass concentration (19.9 g/l) was obtained with the fed-batch cultivation of cellulomonas on pretreated sugarcane bagasse pith. similar results in biomass concentration, yield, and substrated consumption were obtained with the discontinuous feed of bagasses as with discontinuous feed supplemented with a partial continuous addition of salts. two or more growth phases were detected, probably caused by the differential utilization of bagasse components. an acceptably low content of bagass ...	1985	18553644
hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by mycelial biomass of penicillium funiculosum.		1985	18553781
xiphidorus amazonensis n. sp. (nematoda: longidoridae) from the brazilian amazon basin.	xiphidorus amazonensis n. sp. was found in the rhizospheres of jatropha curcas, musa sp., anona muricata, cassia tora, panicum laxum, paspalum fasciculatum, aeschynomene sensitiva, saccharum officinarum, manihot esculenta, abelmoschus esculentus, tamarindus indica, mangifera indica, vigna unguiculata, zea mays, commelina sp., cyperus rotundus, fimbristylis miliacea, citrus sinensis, and eichhornia crassipes on the amazon river island of xiborena, approximately 40 km southeast of manaus, capital ...	1985	19294098
evaluation of cultivar-testing locations in sugarcane.	selection of test locations, representative of conditions and practices of an area can be a challenging process in a breeding program. data from two groups of sugarcane (trispecies hybrids of saccharum sp.) cultivar experiments in florida were analyzed to determine if relative cultivar response at any two of six current locations was sufficiently similar so that at least one location could be replaced by a location with a different environment. the parameter analyzed was metric tons per ha of su ...	1985	24247333
evidence for a uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucose-protectedp-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid-binding site in sugarcane vacuoles.	the uptake of uridine-5'-diphosphate (udp) glucose into vacuoles isolated fromsaccharum sp. cells was fully inhibited by pretreatment with 50 μmp-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (pcmbs) and was not affected by n-ethylmaleimide up to a concentration of 5 mm. the addition of 10 mm udp-glucose during the pretreatment partially protected the uptake mechanism from pcmbs inhibition, while the presence of adenosine-5'-diphosphate (adp) glucose or of various hexose-phosphates had no protective effect. ...	1986	24232430
a group translocator for sucrose assimilation in tonoplast vesicles of sugarcane cells.	existence of a group translocator for sucrose transfer into vacuoles of sugarcane (saccharum sp.) cells has been further confirmed by the use of tonoplast vesicles isolated from intact vacuoles. the group translocator depends on external udp-glucose (glc) and, via a series of enzymic reactions within the tonoplast, sucrose phosphate and sucrose are deposited inside the vesicles. fructose-6-phosphate was not required for udp-glc uptake, nor was it taken up. none of the other sugar phosphates test ...	1986	16664603
evidence for the involvement of a udp-glucose-dependent group translocator in sucrose uptake into vacuoles of storage roots of red beet.	vacuoles isolated from the storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) accumulate sucrose via two different mechanisms. one mechanism transports sucrose directly, and its rate is increased by the addition of mgatp. the other mechanism utilizes uridine diphosphate glucose (udp-glucose) to synthesize and simultaneously transport sucrose phosphate and sucrose into the vacuole. this group translocation mechanism has also been found in sugarcane vacuoles. as in sugarcane, the beet group translocator ...	1986	24240312
somatic hybridization in the gramineae: saccharum officinarum l. (sugarcane) and pennisetum americanum (l.) k. schum. (pearl millet).	somatic hybrid cell lines with embryogenic capacity were obtained by fusion of protoplasts isolated from an embryogenic cell line of sugarcane with inactivated protoplasts of an s-(2-aminoethyl)-l-cysteine (aet-cys)-resistant cell line of pearl millet. initial selection for putative hybrids was performed by plating protoplast-derived microcolonies onto medium containing 300 mug of aet-cys per ml. calli growing in the presence of aet-cys were screened with respect to their electrophoretic pattern ...	1986	16593739
differences in repeated dna sequences between callus and shoot tissue of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l).		1986	3770795
the use of biotin-conjugated antisera in immunoassays for plant viruses.	biotin-conjugated antisera to two strains of sugarcane mosaic virus and erysimum latent virus were used to detect the viruses in extracts of infected plants. two methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electroblot immunoassays, were used. the antisera were found to be sufficiently sensitive for detection of the viruses. virus strain specificities observed for the antisera agreed with those found using immunoelectron microscopy and electroblot immunoassay. the sensitivity of biotin conjug ...	1986	3722310
association of biogenic silica with disease.	certain plants contain structures consisting of biogenic silica. this form of silica has been implicated as a causative agent in the high esophageal cancer areas of southern africa, northeast iran, and northern china. a spicule shape of biogenic silica is known to act as a tumor promoter in the mouse skin model system. the observation that fine biogenic silica fibers are found in leaves of sugarcane may pose a hazard for cane workers; also, the discovery that bracken contains silica fibers could ...	1986	3016670