Publications

[treatment of hypertension with eucommia ulmoides].		1951	14809468
[chemical composition of eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaves].		1952	14906238
pharmacological action of eucommia ulmoides, oliv.		1957	13480752
letter: isolation and synthesis of pinoresinol diglucoside, a major antihypertensive principle of tu-chung(eucommia ulmoides, oliver).		1976	956566
a contribution to our knowledge of tu-chung--eucommia ulmoides.		1979	420159
[treatment of patients with hypertension with an extract of the leaves of eucommia ulmoides].		1983	6868493
regeneration of re-covered bark in eucommia ulmoides.	the girdled trunk of eucommia ulmoides, sometimes could not regenerate a new bark due to ringed surface necrosis. but, if an extension of 10cm of the bark on each end of the necrotic part was removed in time and re-covered with new bark taken from another tree, the re-covered bark and the newly girdled part could heal together one week after. opposite to the necrotic surface the loose part of the re-covered bark regenerated callus from the phloem ray cells. if the re-covered part was very close ...	1983	6867680
[chemical analysis of duzhong (eucommia ulmoides) bark and leaves].		1986	2948723
[a study of commonly used substitutes for chinese drug cortex eucommiae(duzhong)].	we have found that 48 species belonging to 10 families and 17 genera are being used as ethnic substitutes for cortex eucommiae (duzhong). a key to all the species has been made to identify them and to distinguish them from eucommia ulmoides.	1989	2635596
[experimental studies on the significance of processing eucommia ulmoides oliv].	the inhibitory action on isolated uterus of middle-pregnancy mice have been compared in eucommia ulmoides and its salt water processed product. it has been found that after processing the inhibitory action on the automatic contraction of isolated uterus, the antagonism on spasmodis contraction caused by acetylcholine are increased, but the antagonism on spasmodis contraction caused by pituitarium posterius and the pb content are decreased.	1989	2619889
[measurement of mefv in 66 cases of asthma in the convalescent stage and after treatment with chinese herbs].	this paper reported the measurement of maximal expiratory flow-volume curve (mefv) for 66 cases of asthmatics in the convalescent stage. among which the data of fev, pef, v75, v50, v25 in 35 cases (53.03% of the total) gave different abnormal as compared with healthy persons. it showed that in the convalescent stage, most of the asthmatics still possessed obstruction of airways and chiefly of small airways. 35 cases of asthmatics in the convalescent stage was given the chinese herbal decoction o ...	1989	2611953
[comparison of some trace element contents of eucommia ulmoides oliv. and its processed products].	a comparison of the contents of 7 trace elements (zn, mn, cu, fe, ca, p, pb) in eucommia ulmoides and its processed products has been made, and the significance of processing eucommia ulmoides is discussed in light of the experimental results.	1989	2597322
a study on the mutagenicity of 102 raw pharmaceuticals used in chinese traditional medicine.	the mutagenic potential of traditional chinese drugs was studied. after extraction with boiling water and frozen vacuum drying, preparations from 102 raw drugs were tested with the ames test, and the micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays in mice in vivo. astragalus mongholicus bunge (+s9), sophora japonica l. (+/- s9) and eucommia ulmoides oliv. (+/- s9) were found to significantly induce his+ revertants in salmonella typhimurium ta98 and/or ta100. besides these 3, 10 other extracts wer ...	1991	2027343
[identification of morphology and inorganic elements of eucommia ulmoides oliv. produced in sichuan by applying scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray analysis].	a research on the identification of morphology and inorganic elements of eucommia ulmoides produced in sichuan has been made by applying scanning electron microscope; energy dispersive x-ray analysis. qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of the inorganic elements in the observed areas have been obtained.	1992	1418547
improvement in raw meat texture of cultured eel by feeding of tochu leaf powder.	the muscle of eels fed tochu (eucommia ulmoides oliver) leaf powder was 1.8 times harder than the control. the component analysis showed no difference in moisture, lipid, or protein content between the muscles of the control and the tochu-fed eels. not only the extracted neutral fat but also the compound fat of the raw muscles of the tochu-fed eel and the control had the same tlc patterns and fatty acid composition by gas chromatographic analysis. there was a great difference between the tochu-f ...	1993	27314770
research note: effect of tu-chung leaf (eucommia ulmoides) on egg production performance, egg quality, and fat metabolism in laying hens at a late production stage.	the effects of tu-chung leaf (eucommia ulmoides) supplementation on egg production performance, egg quality, and fat metabolism were investigated in laying hens at a late production stage. white leghorn laying hens at 20 mo of age were provided ad libitum access to a practical diet with or without tu-chung leaf supplement for 3 mo. during the experimental period, egg production rate, egg weight, and feed intake were recorded every day. egg samples from the last 3 days were collected to measure h ...	1993	8265504
antimutagenicity of tochu tea (an aqueous extract of eucommia ulmoides leaves): 2. suppressing effect of tochu tea on the urine mutagenicity after ingestion of raw fish and cooked beef.	the effect of tochu tea, which is an aqueous extract of eucommia ulmoides leaves and a popular-beverage in japan, on the urine mutagenicity before and after ingestion of raw fish and cooked beef was studied using salmonella typhimurium yg1024. urines were collected from seven healthy, non-smoking japanese women before and after ingestion of raw fish and cooked beef. in experiment 1,3 were in a control group and 4 were in a tochu tea-drinking group (2000 ml per day). the mutagenicity of urine fro ...	1996	9008721
isolation and identification of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from tochu-cha (eucommia ulmoides).	alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity was found in aqueous methanol extracts of tochu-cha, dried leaves of eucommia ulmoides (eucommiaceae). five active principles against yeast enzyme were isolated and characterized. among them, quercetin (1, ki: 8.5 x 10(-6) m) was considered to contribute mostly to the activity of the tochu leaves. in regard to an animal alpha-glucosidase, rat intestinal sucrase activity was also inhibited by 1.	1997	9028049
the preventive effect of ginseng with du-zhong leaf on protein metabolism in aging.	stimulation of collagen synthesis prevents the aging process. we found such a synergistic effect by using the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliver, eucomiaceae (du-zhong leaf) and the roots of panax ginseng c. a. meyer (ginseng). the formula consists of amounts which exert no effect when used individually. we tested several formula ratios of ginseng and du-zhong leaf, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, and concluded that the last two formulas were effective. however, we did not observe a significant differenc ...	1997	9084879
anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of oligosaccharides from rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) extracts in vitro.	the active substances, acid polysaccharides, were extracted with 1% sodium hydroxide from the leaves of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis), du zhong cha (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) and japanese tea leaves (camellia sinensis var. sinensis). the alkaline extracts of rooibos tea and du-zhong tea leaves, but not japanese tea leaves suppressed the hiv-induced cytopathicity using hiv (htlv-iii) infected mt-4 cells, having extremely low cytotoxicity: its 50% effective concentration (ec50) was 12-67 microg ...	1997	9209319
antimutagenicity of tochu tea (an aqueous extract of eucommia ulmoides leaves): 1. the clastogen-suppressing effects of tochu tea in cho cells and mice.	the suppressing effect of crude extracts of tochu tea, an aqueous extract of eucommia ulmoides leaves and a popular beverage in japan, on the induction of chromosome aberrations in cho cells and mice was studied. when cho cells were treated with tochu tea crude extract after mmc treatment, the frequency of chromosome aberrations was reduced. out of 17 tochu tea components, 5 irridoids (geniposidic acid, geniposide, asperulosidic acid, deacetyl asperulosidic acid, and asperuloside) and 3 phenols ...	1997	9025787
[a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of pinoresinol diglucopyranoside in eucommia ulmoides oliv].	a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of (+)-pinoresinol-di-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside in the bark of eucommia ulmoides was established. the air-dried bark of e. ulmoides was ground into powder and extracted continuously with methanol. the extract was evaporated under reduced pressure, then suspended in water. this suspension being subjected to column chromatography was eluted successively with water, 30%, 50% and 90% aqueous solution of ethanol. the ...	1998	11326985
[sequence analysis of 25s rdna from chinese medicinal plant duzhong eucommia ulmoides oliv].	to provide new molecular data for the identification of the chinese medicinal plant duzhong (eucommia ulmoides).	1998	12242816
the promoting effects of geniposidic acid and aucubin in eucommia ulmoides oliver leaves on collagen synthesis.	we have reported that collagen synthesis was stimulated by the administration of a hot water extract from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliver, eucommiaceae (du-zhong leaves) in false aged model rats. in this paper, we set out to examine the compounds in du-zhong leaves that stimulated collagen synthesis in false aged model rats. in experiment 1, a methanol extract of du-zhong leaves also stimulated collagen synthesis in aged model rats. an acetone fraction was derived from the methanol extrac ...	1998	9881644
improvement in the turnover rate of the stratum corneum in false aged model rats by the administration of geniposidic acid in eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf.	we earlier reported that collagen synthesis in false aged model rats was stimulated by the administration of a methanol extract from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliver. when the methanol extract was fractionated to n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions by silica gel chromatography, we discovered that geniposidic acid and aucubin, contained in the acetone fraction, were the active ingredients. in the current study, we set out to examine if active compounds found in the eucom ...	1999	10408230
changes in lactate dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacetyl-coa dehydrogenase activities in rat skeletal muscle by the administration of eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf with spontaneous running-training.	we examined the effect of eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf on rat skeletal muscles together with spontaneous running-training in terms of the isozyme profile and specific activity of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh; ec 1.1.1.27) and 3-hydroxyacetyl-coa dehydrogenase (had; ec 1.1.1.35). on the twenty-ninth day of the experimental period, a mandatory endurance running exercise (treadmill, 7 degrees grade) was conducted. twenty-four hours later, the rats were sacrificed and the skeletal muscles and other o ...	1999	10513617
the promoting effect of eucommiol from eucommiae cortex on collagen synthesis.	the effect of a methanol extract of eucommiae cortex on collagen synthesis was investigated in false aged model rats. granuloma formation and collagen synthesis were significantly increased by the administration of the methanol extract of eucommiae cortex. the effective component of eucommiae cortex was then discussed by fractionating the methanol extract of eucommiae cortex. eucommiol, a main component in the water fraction of the methanol extract, was found to be an effective compound. in our ...	2000	10706411
granuloma maturation in the rat is advanced by the oral administration of eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf.	we have reported that collagen metabolism was improved by the administration of eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf. in this paper, we examine the granuloma maturation and deposition of collagen in the granuloma of rats due to the oral administration of this leaf. after 3 weeks of the oral administration, granuloma formation was induced by the formalin soaked filter paper-pellet method. a week later, the developing granuloma was dissected. granuloma formation was significantly increased due to ingesti ...	2000	10706412
antioxidant actions of du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) toward oxidative damage in biomolecules.	this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect of water extracts of du-zhong (wedz) on oxidative damage in biomolecules such as deoxyribose, dna, and 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dg) as induced by fenton reaction. the wedz used included leaves, raw cortex, and roasted cortex. all of the wedz inhibited the oxidation of deoxyribose induced by fe(3+)-edta/h2o2/ascorbic acid in a concentration dependent manner. at a concentration of 1.14 mg/ml, the inhibitory effect of the extracts of leaves, roast ...	2000	11210714
reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) and its active compounds.	the biologically active compounds and free radical-/ or reactive oxygen species (ros)-/ scavenging effect of water extract from du-zhong (wedz) were investigated. the wedz used included leaves, raw cortex, and roasted cortex. the hot water extract of du-zhong leaves showed marked activity as a ros scavenger, and the scavenging effect was concentration dependent. the extract of roasted cortex exhibited a modest scavenging effect on ros, while the extract of raw cortex had the weakest scavenging e ...	2000	10956129
[studies on flavonoids from leave of eucommia ulmoides oliv].	to separate the constituents from eucommia ulmoides.	2000	12512449
[effects of growth regulator, full exposure and mist spray on the cutting of eucommia ulmoides].	to study the effects of growth regulator on the cutting method of eucommia ulmoides seedlings.	2001	12901096
the occurrence of geometric polyprenol isomers in the rubber-producing plant, eucommia ulmoides oliver.	the chain length and geometric isomerism of polyprenols from eucommia ulmoides oliver were analyzed using supercritical fluid chromatography. after intensive effort to establish separation conditions for geometric isomers, a phenyl-bonded silica gel-packed column was found that cleanly separated poly-trans and -cis prenols. the presence of long-chain poly-trans prenols (>9 mers) was confirmed for the first time in plants. trans isomers were found in the leaf, seed coat, and root, but not in the ...	2001	11521971
constituents and pharmacological effects of eucommia and siberian ginseng.	the bark and leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliv (eucommiaceae) and "siberian ginseng" (ezoukogi in japanese) prepared from the root bark or stem bark of eleutherococcus senticosus maxim (acanthopanax senticosus harms) have been used as tonic and anti-stress drug. the extracts of eucommia showed anti-hypertensive, anti-complementary, anti-oxidative, and anti-gastric ulcer effects, and promoting collagen synthesis, accelating granuloma formation, and other pharmacological effects. the siberian ginse ...	2001	11749801
two novel antifungal peptides distinct with a five-disulfide motif from the bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv.	two antifungal peptides, named eafp1 and eafp2, have been purified from the bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv. each of the sequences consists of 41 residues with a n-terminal blockage by pyroglutamic acid determined by automated edman degradation in combination with the tandem mass spectroscopy and the c-terminal ladder sequencing analysis. the primary structurs all contain 10 cysteines, which are cross-linked to form five disulfide bridges with a pairing pattern (c1-c5, c2-c9, c3-c6, c4-c7, c8-c10 ...	2002	12067732
a new monoterpene from the bark of eucommia ulmoides.	a new monoterpene, eucommidiol (1), was isolated from the bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv. (eucommiaceae), together with a known compound 1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-7-hydroxymethyl-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic methyl ester. the structure of 1 was characterized as 6,6a-di(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2h-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence including 2dnmr studies.	2002	12118509
in-situ chemical analyses of trans-polyisoprene by histochemical staining and fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in a rubber-producing plant, eucommia ulmoides oliver.	the localization of polyisoprene in young stem tissues of eucommia ulmoides oliver was investigated by histochemical staining and fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) microspectroscopy. the fibrous structures were stained with oil red o. ft-ir microspectroscopic analysis proved that the fibrous structures were trans-polyisoprene. granular structures stained with the dye, and characteristic absorptions at 2,960 cm(-1) and 1,430 cm(-1) in ft-ir suggested that trans-polyisoprene accumulated in the vi ...	2002	12355153
crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of a novel antifungal protein with five disulfide bridges from eucommia ulmoides oliver.	two antifungal proteins, named eucommia antifungal peptides 1 and 2 (eafp1 and eafp2), have been purified from the bark of the tree e. ulmoides oliver and show a relatively broad spectrum of antifungal activity against several agriculturally important plant pathogens. one of these small proteins (eafp2) has been crystallized. the crystal belongs to space group p2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 19.01, b = 23.16, c = 30.69 a, beta = 98.54 degrees. 1.0 a resolution data were collected from an ea ...	2002	12351831
[studies on the phenylpropanoids from eucommia ulmoides].	to study the chemical constituents from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides.	2002	12774353
primary structural determination of n-terminally blocked peptides from the bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv by mass spectrometric analysis.	sequencing of n-terminally blocked proteins/peptides is a challenge since these molecules inhibit processing by edman degradation. by using high accuracy fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (fticr) tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms), the primary structures of two novel n-terminally blocked antifungal peptides (eafp1 and eafp2), purified from the bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv, have been determined. the res ...	2003	12717762
rapid and simultaneous analysis of some bioactive components in eucommia ulmoides by capillary electrophoresis.	a micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was established for the qualitative and quantitative determination of three groups of bioactive components, iridoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, in eucommia ulmoides. of the eleven bioactive components being studied, ten were successfully separated in 50 mm boric acid buffer at ph 9.5, with 50 mm sodium dodecylsulfate and 4% 1-butanol, at a voltage of 20 kv, temperature of 20 degrees c and injection under high pressure at 138 kpa for 5 s in ...	2003	12650263
time-course of programmed cell death during leaf senescence in eucommia ulmoides.	leaves of eucommia ulmoidesoliv. harvested between april to november were examined for programmed cell death (pcd) during growth and senescence. leaves developed in april, becoming fully expanded in late may, remaining unchanged until november when they started to dehisce. falling leaves retained a green color. our results showed that (1) mesophyll cells gradually reduced their nuclei from september to november, (2) positive tunel signals appeared on the nuclei from august, (3) ladder-like dna f ...	2003	12605294
relationship between endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid changes and bark recovery in eucommia ulmoides oliv. after girdling.	eucommia ulmoides (eucommiaceae), a traditional chinese medicinal plant, is often subjected to severe manual peeling of its bark. if the girdled trunk is well protected from desiccation, new bark forms within 1 month. it has been proposed that phytohormones play a key role in this process. research has been conducted to determine the distribution of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and abscisic acid (aba) during the bark recovery, using high-performance liquid-chromatography (hplc) and fluo ...	2003	12869522
eucommia (eucommiaceae), a potential biothermometer for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments.	the living trees of eucommia ulmoides, an endemic species in china, grow from 200 to 1700 m above sea level, within the geographic range from 102° e to 118° e and from 25° n to 35° n. spring temperatures in these regions vary from 12.3°c to 20.1°c. a physiological study (using germination tests) of e. ulmoides has been undertaken to test the role of spring temperature as a factor controlling the distribution of eucommia. results show that the spring temperature is a limiting factor for eucommia ...	2003	21659074
induction of apoptosis in hl-60 cells treated with medicinal herbs.	in order to develop a new apoptosis inducer, we screened 22 crude drugs for their apoptosis-inducing activity. it was found that glycyrrhiza uralensis, cynomorium songaricum, eucommia ulmoides, phellodendron amurense, cinnamomum cassia and paeonia lactiflora induced the death of hl-60 cells. to investigate the mechanism of apoptosis induced by these six crude drugs, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the activity of caspase-3 were measured. reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potentia ...	2003	14587878
study on the inhibitory effects of korean medicinal plants and their main compounds on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical.	a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical-generating system was used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of korean medicinal plants that have been used widely as folk medicines for several disorders, as well as compounds isolated from them. among the rosaceae, rosa rugosa and rosa davurica showed strong dpph radical-scavenging activity. the most effective medicinal plant from families other than rosaceae was cedrela sinensis, followed in order by nelumbo nucifera, eucommia ulmoides, zant ...	2003	13678241
[advances in the study of chemical constituents and pharmacology of eucommia ulmoides oliver].		2003	12964557
inhibitory effect of eucommia ulmoides oliv. on oxidative dna damage in lymphocytes induced by h2o2.	this study used the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) to investigate the effect of water extracts of roasted cortex and leaves from du-zhong on dna damage in lymphocytes induced by h(2)o(2). the results showed that the dna damage in human lymphocytes increased with an increase in the concentration of h(2)o(2) (0-200 micro;m), but that the water extracts from du-zhong (0-2 g l(-1)) only slightly affected dna damage. the inhibitory effect of leaf extract on dna damage in ...	2003	12616594
biotransformation of pinoresinol diglucoside to mammalian lignans by human intestinal microflora, and isolation of enterococcus faecalis strain pdg-1 responsible for the transformation of (+)-pinoresinol to (+)-lariciresinol.	by anaerobic incubation of pinoresinol diglucoside (1) from the bark of eucommia ulmoides with a fecal suspension of humans, eleven metabolites were formed, and their structures were identified as (+)-pinoresinol (2), (+)-lariciresinol (3), 3'-demethyl-(+)-lariciresinol (4), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (5), (-)-3-(3", 4"-dihydroxybenzyl)-2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl)butane-1, 4-diol (6), 2-(3', 4'-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-(3", 4"-dihydroxybenzyl)butane-1, 4-diol (7), 3-(3"-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(4'-hydroxy- ...	2003	12736449
tochu (eucommia ulmoides) leaf extract prevents ammonia and vitamin c deficiency induced gastric mucosal injury.	the ingestion of dietary antioxidants, including vitamin c (vc), is suggested to play an important role in the prevention of gastric cancer associated with helicobacter pylori (hp) infection. recently, water extracts of tochu (du-zhong, eucommia ulmoidea oliver) leaves (wetl) have been reported to have potent antioxidant and antimutagenic effects. the present study investigated the effect(s) of vc and wetl on gastric mucosal injury induced by ammonia and a vc deficient diet. guinea pigs fed the ...	2003	14561529
effects of eucommiae cortex on osteoblast-like cell proliferation and osteoclast inhibition.	methanol extract (meoh), n-hexane (hx), chloroform (chcl3), ethyl acetate (ea), butanol (buoh) and aqueous (h2o) fractions of eucommiae cortex including geniposidic acid (ga), geniposide (gp) and aucubin (au) were tested for their therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis. the contents of ga, gp and au in the cortex and leaf of eucommia ulmoides oliver were quantified by hplc. the effect of eucommiae cortex on the induction of growth hormone (gh) release was studied by using rat pituitary cells. the ...	2003	14661859
endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects of the aqueous extracts of the eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaf and bark: implications on their antihypertensive action.	the vascular effects of three extract preparations from the chinese medicinal herb, eucommia ulmoides oliv., which is historically an active ingredient commonly used in antihypertensive herbal prescriptions in china, were investigated with isometric contraction using isolated rat aortic and dog carotid rings. both aqueous extracts isolated from eucommia leaf (l) and bark (b) concentration dependently caused endothelium-dependent relaxation in vessels precontracted with 1 microm phenylephrine (pe ...	2003	15259789
endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation induced by eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark extract is mediated by no and edhf in small vessels.	the vasorelaxant effects of the aqueous extract prepared from the bark of the chinese medicinal herb, eucommia ulmoides oliv. (also referred to as tu-chung or du-zhong), which is a common active ingredient in traditional antihypertensive herbal prescriptions in china, have recently been characterized in rat aorta and dog carotid artery. the vasorelaxant effect of eucommia bark extract on these large elastic arteries was found to be entirely endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide (no)-mediated. s ...	2004	14673511
antiosteoporotic activity of the water extract of dioscorea spongiosa.	after 60 meoh and water extracts of natural crude drugs were screened for their ability to stimulate osteoblast proliferation, four meoh extracts (cynomorium songaricum, drynaria fortunei, lycium chinense, rehmannia glutinosa) and seven water extracts (cornus officinalis, dendrobium nobile, dioscorea spongiosa, drynaria fortunei, eucommia ulmoides, lycium chinensis, viscum coloratum) showed that potent activities were evaluated for inhibition of osteoclast formation. the results indicated that t ...	2004	15056872
flavonol glycosides from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides o. with glycation inhibitory activity.	eucommia ulmoides leaves have been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of diabetes in korea. the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the compounds which inhibited advanced glycation end-product formation, one of main molecular mechanisms implicated in diabetic complications. a new flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3-o-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), and known flavonols kaempferol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (astragalin) (2), quercetin 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranos ...	2004	15234757
[studies on chemical constituents from eucommia ulmoides oliv].	to study the chemical constituents from eucommia ulmoides oliv.	2004	15376388
crystal structure of a novel antifungal protein distinct with five disulfide bridges from eucommia ulmoides oliver at an atomic resolution.	eafp2 is a novel antifungal protein isolated from the bark of the tree eucommia ulmoides oliver. it consists of 41 residues and is characterized with a five-disulfide motif and the inhibitory effects on the growth of both cell wall chitin-containing and chitin-free fungi. the crystal structure of eafp2 at an atomic resolution of 0.84 a has been determined by using shake-and-bake direct methods with the program snb. the phases obtained were of sufficient quality to permit the initial model built ...	2004	15363789
solution structure of eucommia antifungal peptide: a novel structural model distinct with a five-disulfide motif.	the three-dimensional structure in aqueous solution of eucommia antifungal peptide 2 (eafp2) from eucommia ulmoides oliv was determined using (1)h nmr spectroscopy. eafp2 is a newly discovered 41-residue peptide distinct with a five-disulfide cross-linked motif. this peptide exhibits chitin-binding activity and inhibitory effects on the growth of cell wall chitin-containing fungi and chitin-free fungi. the structure was calculated by using torsion angle dynamic simulated annealing with a total o ...	2004	15147184
[study on technique of extraction and purifying chlorogenic acid in eucommia ulmoides oliver leaves].	ethanol was used as solvent to extract chlorogenic acid from leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliver leaves. the optimum conditions are obtained by response surface analytical method. optimized conditions for the extraction of chlorogenic acid were obtained: ethanol 51.7%, extraction temperature 55.8 degrees c, ratio of material to liquor 1:12.8, extraction time 2 h. the static adsorption tests are conducted among six kinds of macroporous resins to select nka-ii resin as a optimum resin to adsorb the ...	2004	15807249
[isolation and purification of three iridoids from eucommia ulmoides oliv. with stepwise gradient preparative liquid chromatography].		2004	15712886
opposite patterns in the annual distribution and time-course of endogenous abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in relation to the periodicity of cambial activity in eucommia ulmoides oliv.	the seasonal change of free abscisic acid (aba) and indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and their relationship with the cambial activity in eucommia ulmoides trees were investigated by aba and iaa immunolocalization using primary polyclonal and rhodamine-red fluorescing secondary antibodies, aba and iaa quantification using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), and systematic monitoring of vascular cell layers production. aba and iaa clearly displayed opposite annual distribution patterns. in th ...	2005	15710633
[isolation, purification and identification of geniposidic acid in eucommia ulmoides oliv. by silica column chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance].	the methods using silica column chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (rp-hplc/lc-esi-ms/nmr) for the isolation, purification and identification of geniposidic acid (gpa) in eucommia ulmoides oliv. were established. the crude extract of e. ulmoides was obtained after e. ulmoides was extracted with 70% ethanol and the extract was concentrated under reduced pressures. the ...	2005	16350801
separation of polyprenol and dolichol by monolithic silica capillary column chromatography.	we attempted an analysis of naturally occurring polyprenol and dolichol using a monolithic silica capillary column in hplc. first, the separation of the polyprenol mixture alone was performed using a 250 x 0.2 mm inner diameter (id) octadecylsilyl (ods)-monolithic silica capillary column. the resolution of the separation between octadecaprenol (prenol 18) and nonadecaprenol (prenol 19) exceeded by >or=2-fold the level recorded when using a conventional ods-silica particle-packed column (250 x 4. ...	2005	16061949
hypoglycemic effect of du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	the current study investigated whether du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) leaves could improve the hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic rats. male sprague-dawley rats were divided into a non-diabetic group (ndm), diabetic group (dm), diabetic group supplemented with powdered du-zhong leaves (dm-pdz) and diabetic group supplemented with a water extract of the powdered du-zhong leaves (dm-wdz). diabetes was induced by injecting stz (70 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). the powdered du-zhong lea ...	2005	15620430
du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) cortex water extract alters heme biosynthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system in lead-administered rats.	this study examined the ameliorative effect of a du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) cortex water extract (dzcw) on heme biosynthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in lead (pb)-administered rats. male rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, pb control group (pb), and dzcw-administered pb group (pb + dzcw). the pb (25 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally once a week for 4 weeks, while the dzcw was administered orally at a dosage of 0.139 g of dzcw/kg of ...	2005	15857215
[effect of eucommia ulmoides oliv on sod activity and alpha-actin expression in the penile tissues of diabetic rats].	to study the effect of aqueous abstract from eucommia ulmoides oliv on the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) and alpha-actin expression in the penile tissues of rats with diabetes mellitus (dm) in vitro.	2005	15921266
effect of eucommia ulmoides on systolic blood pressure in the spontaneous hypertensive rat.	experiments were conducted to establish the safety and efficacy of eucommia ulmoides (du-zhong) extract in the treatment of hypertension. pilot experiments using rats demonstrated that e. ulmoides extract was safe to the saturation limits of the compound. the maximum tolerated dose (mtd) was 1200 mg/kg when administered by gastric gavage at a concentration of 1200 mg/ml. also, rats given 200 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg or 1200 mg/kg doses of e. ulmoides extract daily for 28 days demonstrated no evidence of ...	2005	15974481
protective effects of aucubin isolated from eucommia ulmoides against uvb-induced oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts.	ultraviolet-b (uvb) irradiation has been demonstrated to produce reactive oxygen species (ros) in the cells and skin, which induces the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), causing skin photoaging. using the human skin fibroblast hs68 cell line in the present study, we investigated the photoprotective effects of aucubin from eucommia ulmoides. pretreatment with aucubin significantly inhibited the production of mmp-1 by 57% when compared to the uvb-irradiated cells. additionally, the se ...	2005	15997107
fabrication and evaluation of a new composite composed of tricalcium phosphate, gelatin, and chinese medicine as a bone substitute.	this study investigates the biological effects of traditional chinese medicines on the activities of bone cells using rat bone cells. then, a mixture of a ggt composite, that is, a novel biodegradable composite containing genipin crosslinked gelatin and tricalcium phosphate, and traditional chinese medicine (tcm) was prepared as a ggt-tcm composite. a cultured neonatal rat calvarias organ was used to measure the potential of ggt-tcm composite for use in promoting the regeneration of defective bo ...	2005	16025468
inhibitory effect of aucubin isolated from eucommia ulmoides against uvb-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human skin fibroblasts.	of 30 herbal plants tested, the methanol extracts of eucommia ulmoides (52%), evodia officinalis (45%), and pleuropterus multiflorus (41%) each showed a potent inhibitory effect on the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (mmp-1) production in ultraviolet b (uvb)-irradiated human fibroblasts. aucubin was isolated as the mmp-1 inhibitor from e. ulmoides, and significantly suppressed the production of mmp-1 by nearly 57% compared to the control. it also reduced mmp-1 mrna expression. these results suggest t ...	2005	16306708
antioxidant activity of various teas against free radicals and ldl oxidation.	tea is a widely consumed beverage throughout the world. we assessed the antioxidant activity of six teas, including the aqueous extracts of green tea and oolong tea (camellia sinensis), tochu (eucommia ulmoides), gymnema sylvestre, japanese mugwort (artemisia princeps), and barley (hordeum vulgare), against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radicals and ldl oxidation, and examined the association of ldl oxidizability with the plasma catechin levels in 10 healthy volunteers with a single dose ...	2005	16296404
hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action of du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliver) leaves water extract in c57bl/ksj-db/db mice.	the anti-diabetic efficacy of du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliver) leaves water extract (wdz) was investigated in type 2 diabetic animals. the wdz was given to c57bl/ksj-db/db mice as a dietary supplement based on 1% dried whole du-zhong leaves (0.187 g wdz/100 g standard diet) for 6 weeks. the wdz supplementation significantly lowered the blood glucose level and enhanced the glucose disposal in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. the plasma insulin and c-peptide levels were significantly ...	2006	16684593
du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) leaves inhibits ccl4-induced hepatic damage in rats.	the protective effects of water extract of du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) leaves (wedz) and its active compound (protocatechuic acid; pca) on liver damage were evaluated by carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. wistar rats were orally treated with wedz (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg bw) or pca (0.1 g/kg bw) with administration of ccl4 (0.5 ml/rat, 20% ccl4 in olive oil) for 28 consecutive days. it showed that ccl4-treated rats increased the relative organ weights of li ...	2006	16707202
[the effects of eucommia ulmoides oliv on catching action of diabetic rats and myelinated nerve fibers in penile tissues].	to explore the pharmacodynamic and pathological mechanism of eucommia ulmoides oliv in improving erectile function.	2006	16755883
molecular cloning of a hmg-coa reductase gene from eucommia ulmoides oliver.	the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase (hmgr) catalyzes the conversion of hmg-coa to mevalonate, which is the first committed step in the pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. a full-length cdna encoding hmgr (designated as euhmgr, genbank accession no. ay796343) was isolated from eucommia ulmoides by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna of euhmgr comprises 2281 bp with a 1770-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 590-amino-acid polypeptide with two trans ...	2006	16773464
[genetic diversity of eucommia ulmoides by rapd analysis].	to determine the genetic diversity of eucommia ulmoides.	2006	17165579
eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf extract increases endogenous antioxidant activity in type 2 diabetic mice.	eucommia ulmoides oliver (du-zhong) leaf extract was investigated for its antioxidant effects in type 2 diabetic animals, c57bl/ksj-db/db mice. du-zhong extract equivalent to 1% dried whole du-zhong leaf (0.187 g of extract/100 g of diet) was added to the experimental diets for 6 weeks. the du-zhong extract supplement significantly lowered blood glucose concentrations and elevated plasma paraoxonase activity compared with the control group. the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (sod ...	2006	17201632
[content comparison of pinoresinol diglucoside in original and reborn bark of eucommia ulmoides].	to evaluate the reborn barks quality, antihypertensive effective component of pinoresnol diglucoside (pdg) in three times reborn barks were determined.	2006	17076238
abp1 expression regulated by iaa and aba is associated with the cambium periodicity in eucommia ulmoides oliv.	a cdna clone of eucommia ulmoides oliv. encoding auxin binding protein 1 (abp1), one of the putative receptors of auxin, was isolated, and the seasonal expression of abp1 in relation to iaa and aba annual variation was investigated by different technical approaches including rt-pcr, real-time pcr, northern blotting, western blotting, and immunolocalization. in the cambial region, abp1 expression at both the protein and the mrna level was found to be high, low, and remarkably scarce in the active ...	2006	17030542
[guttapercha content of the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliv].		2006	13305607
[research on the quality changes in pre- and post-processed pieces of eucommia ulmoides].	to study the quality changes in pre- and post-processed pieces of eucommia ulmoides oliv.	2007	17727054
iridoids from the green leaves of eucommia ulmoides.	the bark of eucommia ulmoides is a well-known crude drug in oriental medicine, and its leaves have been consumed as a beverage. from the green leaves of this plant, three new iridoids (1-3) were isolated, together with 12 known compounds. compound 1 is the first iridoid possessing a saturated bond between c-3 and c-4 and having an ether linkage between c-3 and c-2 of the glucose unit. furthermore, 2 and 3 may be regarded as the first naturally occurring conjugates of an iridoid and an amino acid ...	2007	17691745
[determination of geniposidic acid and chlorogenic acid in male flowers and related products of eucommia ulmoides by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography].	a simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of geniposidic acid and chlorogenic acid in the male flowers and related products of eucommia ulmoides. two components were separated by a shim-pack vp-ods column (150 mm x4.6 mm, 5 [microm) with a mobile phase of methanol-water-acetic acid (24 :75: 1, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, column temperature of 30 93 and detection wavelength of 240 nm. under the chromatographic conditions mentio ...	2007	17580690
[research advances in pharmacology of aucubin and aucubigenin].	the advances in the research on pharmacological activities of aucubin have been summarized in the last ten years. aucubin is one of active components of chinese medicinal herbs such as eucommia ulmoides and has been shown wide pharmacological activities including hepatoproective, antitoxicanti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, antiosteoporosis and neurotrophic and should be further researched and utilized.	2007	18338591
novel phytoandrogens and lipidic augmenters from eucommia ulmoides.	plants containing compounds such as the isoflavonoids, with female hormone-like effects that bind to human estrogen receptors, are known. but none has been previously shown to have corresponding male hormone-like effects that interact with the human androgen receptor. here, we report that the tree bark (cortex) of the gutta-percha tree eucommia ulmoides possesses bimodal phytoandrogenic and hormone potentiating effects by lipidic components.	2007	17261169
antioxidant protection of edible oils.	the ability of different cooking oils to withstand oxidation was investigated in relation to their native antioxidant capacity [measured as the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (frap) value]. the antiperoxidation effect of the presence of the chinese herbs, du-zhong (cortex eucommia ulmoides) and ginseng (panax ginseng c.a. mayer) in corn oil was also investigated over 26 days' storage at 55 degrees c. results showed that sesame oil had the highest frap value (803 microm), followed by canola oi ...	2007	17285359
[dynamics of soil water under eucommia ulmodes plantation in hilly red soil region of southern china].	by using time domain reflectometry (tdr), a fixed-position monitoring research on the dynamics of soil water under eucommia ulmoides plantation was conducted in a hilly red soil region of southern china. the results showed that there was a significant difference in the soil water storage among different months, and the dynamics of soil water could be divided into the phases of reduction, increase, and more reduction. soil water varied significantly in its vertical distribution, and the variation ...	2007	18062293
[soil microelements under different vegetation restoration patterns in yellow soil slope region of mid-subtropics].	with the nüerzhai watershed in wuling mountain as a case, this paper studied the contents and availabilities of soil microelements and their relationships with soil organic matter and ph value in yellow soil slope region of mid-subtropics under seven typical vegetation restoration patterns, i. e., pinus massoniana natural forest (i), cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (ii), eucommia ulmoides plantation (iii), vernicia fordii plantation (iv), machilus pingii secondary forest (v), phyllostachys ed ...	2008	18593030
isolation and characterization of an anti-complementary protein-bound polysaccharide from the stem barks of eucommia ulmoides.	ewds-1, a homogeneous protein-bound polysaccharide, was isolated as an anti-complementary agent from the stem barks of eucommia ulmoides. ewds-1 was identified as a branched proteoglycan with average molecular weight about 2,000,000 da, composed of gal, glc and ara in the ratio of 2.1:1.0:0.9, along with trace of rha, xyl, man, as well as 3.95% of protein. the linkages of the residues of ewds-1 were deduced by methylation analysis and nmr technique. bioassay showed that ewds-1 inhibited compleme ...	2008	18602068
diversity and ecological distribution of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants.	a total of 973 isolates of endophytic fungi were recovered from 1,144 tissue fragments of the six medicinal plant species belonging to 4 families collected in the beijing botanical garden. of these isolates 778 sporulated and were identified into 21 taxa by morphological characteristics. among the taxa 11 belonged to coelomycetes, 6 to ascomycetes, and 4 to hyphomycetes. various numbers of endophytic fungi (5-8 taxa) were obtained from each plant. alternaria alternata was the dominant species in ...	2008	18677603
endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (edhf) mediates endothelium-dependent vasodilator effects of aqueous extracts from eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaves in rat mesenteric resistance arteries.	the vascular effects of an aqueous extract prepared from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliv. (ele), a medicinal herb commonly used in antihypertensive herbal prescriptions in china, were investigated in rat mesenteric resistance arteries. the mesenteric vascular bed was perfused with krebs solution and the perfusion pressure was measured with a pressure transducer. in preparations with an intact endothelium and precontracted with 7 microm methoxamine, perfusion of ele (107102 mg/ml for 15 min) ...	2008	18985092
[isolation and characterization of the anti-hiv active component from eucommia ulmoides].	to investigate the anti-hiv effects of eucommia ulmoides oliver, so as to provide experimental basis for searching a new efficacious drug for treatment of aids.	2008	18998566
du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliver) leaf extract mediates hypolipidemic action in hamsters fed a high-fat diet.	this study examined the effect of a du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliver) leaf extract (0.175 g/100 g diet) that was supplemented with a high-fat diet (10% coconut oil, 0.2% cholesterol, wt/wt) on hyperlipidemic hamsters. hamsters fed with du-zhong leaf extract for 10 weeks showed a smaller size of epididymal adipocytes compared to the control group. the supplementation of the du-zhong leaf extract significantly lowered the plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, ldl-cholesterol, non hdl ...	2008	18306452
[effects of calcium phosphate cement/eucommia ulmoides extracts compound on cell proliferation and adhesion of mc3t3e1 osteoblasts in vitro].	to observe the effects of calcium phosphate cement/eucommia ulmoides extracts compound (cpc/eue) on cell proliferation and adhesion of mc3t3e1 osteoblasts in vitro.	2008	18275124
a high-throughput and solvent-free method for measurement of natural polyisoprene content in leaves by fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy.	commercial development of natural polyisoprene from polyisoprene-producing plants requires detailed knowledge on how to select high-polyisoprene-content lines and establish agronomic cultivation methods for achieving maximum polyisoprene yield. this development can be facilitated by a high-throughput quantification method for natural polyisoprene. in this paper, we describe the fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (ft-nir) technique coupled with a partial least squares (pls) regression m ...	2008	19134547
effect of alkali and enzymatic pretreatments of eucommia ulmoides leaves and barks on the extraction of gutta percha.	this paper exploited a novel method of single solvent recycling plus enzymatic pretreatment. petroleum ether (60-90 degrees c) was an ideal solvent to extract eucommia gum at high temperature (approximately 80 degrees c) and to precipitate the gum (flocculent) as the temperature of the solution fell to below 40 degrees c. the gutta percha was almost completely precipitated from solution as the temperature cooled down to below 0 degree c. after filtration and recovery of the precipitated gum, the ...	2008	18759437
[study on isolation of chlorogenic acid from eucommia ulmoides leaves by ultrafiltration technique].	to isolate and purify chlorogenic acid from eucommia ulmoides leaves by ultrafiltration technique.	2008	18661834
comparison of the profiles of chlorogenic acids and their derivatives from three chinese traditional herbs by lc-msn.	to investigate the chlorogenic acids resources in eucommia ulmoides olive leaves, lonicera japonica thunb. leaves and houttuynla cordata thunb. leaves, methanolic extracts of these three materials have been analysed qualitatively for chlorogenic acids and their derivatives by structure-diagnostic lc-msn. three monocaffeoylquinic acids (3-cqa, 4-cqa, 5-cqa) were detected. 5-cqa dominated this subgroup in eucommia ulmoides olive and lonicera japonica thunb. leaves, but 3-cqa and 4-cqa dominated th ...	2008	18507347
quantification of trans-1,4-polyisoprene in eucommia ulmoides by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.	commercial development of trans-1,4-polyisoprene from eucommia ulmoides oliver (eu-rubber) requires specific knowledge on selection of high-rubber-content lines and establishment of agronomic cultivation methods for achieving maximum eu-rubber yield. the development can be facilitated by high-throughput and highly sensitive analytical techniques for eu-rubber extraction and quantification. in this paper, we described an efficient eu-rubber extraction method, and validated that the accuracy was e ...	2008	18499051
phloem transdifferentiation from immature xylem cells during bark regeneration after girdling in eucommia ulmoides oliv.	eucommia ulmoides oliv. (eucommiaceae), a traditional chinese medicinal plant, was used to study phloem cell differentiation during bark regeneration after girdling on a large scale. here it is shown that new sieve elements (ses) appeared in the regenerated tissues before the formation of wound cambium during bark regeneration after girdling, and they could originate from the transdifferentiation of immature/differentiating axial xylem cells left on the trunk. assays of water-cultured twigs reve ...	2008	18375933