Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| folate biofortification in hydroponically cultivated spinach by the addition of phenylalanine. | folate is an important vitamin mainly ingested from vegetables, and folate deficiency causes various health problems. recently, several studies demonstrated folate biofortification in plants or food crops by metabolic engineering through genetic modifications. however, the production and sales of genetically modified foods are under strict regulation. here, we developed a new approach to achieve folate biofortification in spinach (spinacia oleracea) without genetic modification. we hydroponicall ... | 0 | 28548831 |
| influence of groundwater and wastewater irrigation on lead accumulation in soil and vegetables: implications for health risk assessment and phytoremediation. | the current study evaluated the effect of groundwater and wastewater irrigation on lead (pb) accumulation in soil and vegetables, and its associated health implications. a pot experiment was conducted in which spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus) and cauliflower (brassica oleracea) were irrigated with groundwater and wastewaters containing varying concentrations of pb. lead contents were measured in wastewaters, soils and root and shoot of vegetables. we also measured health ri ... | 0 | 28463566 |
| appetite suppressing effect of spinacia oleracea in rats: involvement of the short term satiety signal cholecystokinin. | spinacia oleracea (spinach) is a green leafy vegetable rich in antioxidant phyto-constituents such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins. fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids are known to prevent weight gain by inducing satiety. the present study evaluates the appetite suppressing effect of a flavonoid rich extract of the spinach leaf (soe) in rats. hptlc of soe was performed for detecting flavonoids. rats were administered soe (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p. o) and fluoxetine (6 ... | 0 | 28238891 |
| functional properties of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) phytochemicals and bioactives. | overwhelming evidence indicates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables are protective against common chronic diseases, such as cancer, obesity and cardiovascular disease. leafy green vegetables, in particular, are recognized as having substantial health-promoting activities that are attributed to the functional properties of their nutrients and non-essential chemical compounds. spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is widely regarded as a functional food due to its diverse nutritional composition, wh ... | 0 | 27353735 |
| biochar enhances the cadmium tolerance in spinach (spinacia oleracea) through modification of cd uptake and physiological and biochemical attributes. | cadmium (cd) has no known role in plant biology and is toxic to plants and animals. the cd mainly accumulated in agricultural soils through anthropogenic activities, such as sewage water irrigation and phosphorus fertilization. biochar (bc) has been proposed as an amendment to reduce metal toxicity in plants. the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of bc (cotton stick at a rate of 0, 3, and 5 %) on cd uptake and the photosynthetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of spinach ... | 0 | 27502564 |
| assessment of different washing treatments to mitigate imidacloprid and acetamaprid residues in spinach. | agricultural crops treated with pesticides retain toxic residues that can cause various health disorders upon consumption. the present research project was designed to assess pesticide residues in contaminated spinach (spinacia oleracea). the efficiency of chemical solutions (acetic acid, citric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride and sodium carbonate) of different concentrations (% w/v) along with tap water for the dissolution of pesticide residues in spinach was studied. after various dip ... | 0 | 26678536 |
| assessment of fertilizer potential of the struvite produced from the treatment of methanogenic landfill leachate using low-cost reagents. | leachates generated in methanogenic landfills contain high strength of ammonium nitrogen which removal is hard to be accomplished by means of conventional techniques. the chemical precipitation of struvite, which is a mineral that could be reused as a slow-release fertilizer, is an effective process in the removal and recovery of nh4 amount of high-concentrated wastewaters. in this paper, a struvite precipitation process using unconventional reagents is proposed for a sustainable recovery of nit ... | 0 | 26604197 |
| ammonium reduces oxalate accumulation in different spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) genotypes by inhibiting root uptake of nitrate. | excessive accumulation of oxalate negatively affects nutritional value of many vegetables, such as spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). mixed solution of ammonium and nitrate could effectively reduce oxalate accumulation, while the mechanism involved remains unknown. high (heizhenzhu) and low (weilv) oxalate-accumulated spinach genotypes were used in this study to investigate the association of oxalate accumulation and root uptake of nitrogen. exposure of increasing nitrate or mixed-nitrogen (nitrate ... | 0 | 25976827 |
| the proteins of green leaves. v. a cytoplasmic nucleoprotein from spinach and tobacco leaves. | 1953 | 13129275 | |
| lecithinase systems in sugar beet, spinach, cabbage, and carrot. | 1954 | 13190466 | |
| [yellow spotting of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.); research on central german viral strains]. | 1955 | 14388677 | |
| the nucleic acid content of chloroplasts isolated from spinach and tobacco leaves. | 1957 | 13471039 | |
| purification and properties of a c-1 diphosphatase from spinacia oleracea. | 1959 | 13650635 | |
| [determination of histamine, n-dimethylhistamine, n-acetylhistamine and acetylcholine in spinacia oleracea]. | 1959 | 13628473 | |
| purification and properties of a stereospecific dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase from spinacia oleracea. | 1960 | 13797459 | |
| [action of an acetone powder of spinach leaves on hepatic steatosis and on body weight development in the rat]. | 1960 | 13825972 | |
| correlation of structure with function in spinacea oleracea chloroplasts. | 1961 | 13732832 | |
| cytogenetic analysis of sex determination in spinacia oleracea. | 1962 | 17248129 | |
| epr in chromatophores from rhodospirillum rubrum and in quantasomes from spinach chloroplasts. | 1962 | 16590952 | |
| purification and properties of a dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase from spinacia oleracea. | 1963 | 13933868 | |
| sex chromosome translocations in spinacia oleracea. | 1963 | 17248152 | |
| chemical composition and the substructure of lamellae isolated from spinacea oleracea chloroplasts. | 1963 | 13941467 | |
| quinone and pigment composition of chloroplasts and quantasome aggregates from spinacia oleracea. | 1964 | 14114526 | |
| light-dependent conversions of endogenous alpha-tocopherylquinone and plastoquinone-d in spinacia oleracea chloroplasts. | 1964 | 16655875 | |
| [nitrate content of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) in relation to methemoglobinemia in infants]. | 1965 | 5826819 | |
| [on lecithin, colaminecephalin and diglyceridephosphoric acid glycerol ester (phosphatidylglycerol) from green leaves of spinacia oleracea]. | 1965 | 5885527 | |
| the isolation and partial characterization of fraction i protein from spinach-beet chloroplasts. | 1965 | 5867783 | |
| the biosynthesis of starch in spinach chloroplasts. | 1965 | 14275162 | |
| reduction of trimethylene dipyridyl with illuminated chloroplasts. | chloroplasts photochemically reduce 1,1'-trimethylene-2,2'-dipyridylium dibromide and concurrently form adenosine triphosphate. reduced trimethylene dipyridyl in darkness will reduce spinach ferredoxin, clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and other viologen-type dyes. | 1965 | 17737790 |
| [about the reason of enrichment of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) with nitrate and nitrite in relation to methemogloginemia in rats]. | 1965 | 5843815 | |
| choline kinase and phosphorylcholine phosphatase in plants. | choline kinase was present in barley and wheat roots and leaves of barley, wheat, tobacco, spinach and squash plants. the kinase was purified 25-fold from spinach leaves. the enzyme had a broad ph optimum between 7.5 and 10.0. mg(++) was required for activity and in the presence of mg(++) the enzyme was relatively stable. maximum enzyme activity was obtained when the mg(++): atp ratio was 1:1. the k(m) was 1 x 10(-4)m. the kinase from leaves was similar to that from rapeseed or from yeast, excep ... | 1966 | 5908634 |
| effect of cycocel derivatives and gibberellin on choline kinase and choline metabolism. | cycocel stimulated the activity of partial purified choline kinase from spinach or squash leaves, but it inhibited the activity of yeast choline kinase. the activity of different cycocel analogs on plant growth corresponded to their stimulatory effect on the isolated choline kinase. cycocel had no effect upon the activity of a plant phosphatase which hydrolyzed phosphorylcholine nor upon adenosine triphosphatase from wheat roots or leaves. gibberellin a(3) inhibited choline kinase activity and r ... | 1966 | 5908635 |
| comment on a recent model of the iron complex in spinach ferredoxin. | 1966 | 5970521 | |
| enzymatic synthesis of cystathionine by extracts of spinach, requiring o-acetylhomoserine or o-succinylhomoserine. | 1966 | 5339715 | |
| the purification and properties of nitrite reductase from higher plants, and its dependence on ferredoxin. | 1. nadph-dependent nitrite reductase from the leaves of higher plants was purified at least 70-fold and separated into two enzyme fractions. the first enzyme, a diaphorase with ferredoxin-nadp-reductase activity, is required only to transfer electrons from nadph to a suitable electron acceptor, which then donates electrons to nitrite reductase proper. 2. purified nitrite reductase accepted electrons from ferredoxin (the natural donor) or from reduced dyes. ferredoxin was reduced by illuminated c ... | 1966 | 4381617 |
| photoinhibition of chloroplast reactions. i. kinetics and action spectra. | a study was made of photoinhibition of spinach chloroplast reactions. the kinetics and spectral characteristics of the photoinhibition over a range between 230 and 700 mmu have been examined. the decline of activity due to preillumination was independent of wavelength, and dependent upon the number of quanta applied, not upon the rate of application. the effectiveness spectra of photoinhibition indicate that active ultraviolet light is absorbed by a pigment which is not a normal light absorber f ... | 1966 | 16656345 |
| effect of salts and electron transport on the conformation of isolated chloroplasts. i. light-scattering and volume changes. | whole chloroplasts isolated from the leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) exhibit 2 types of conformational change during electron transport. amine-uncoupled chloroplasts swell and atebrin-uncoupled chloroplasts shrink. chloroplasts uncoupled by carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazones and by treatment with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid do not change their volumes or light-scattering properties during electron transport. phosphorylating chloroplasts shrink only slightly.the rate and extent of the ... | 1966 | 16656285 |
| chloroplast integrity and atp-dependent co(2) fixation in spinacia oleracea. | washed whole chloroplasts of spinacia oleracea isolated and assayed in a tris (hydroxymethyl aminomethane)-hcl buffered sucrose solution exhibited low dark co(2) fixing activity, whereas washed whole chloroplasts isolated in the same buffer but assayed in that buffer without sucrose exhibited much greater dark co(2) fixing activity. the lowered activity could be attributed to the impermeability of the chloroplast membrane to ribose-5-phosphate or adenosine triphosphate. the preservation of the i ... | 1967 | 16656658 |
| [studies on the backward-reactions in the xanthophyll-cycle of chlorella, spinacia and taxus]. | the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to the di-epoxide violaxanthin via the mono-epoxide antheraxanthin (called the backward-reaction), is examined with several plant objects and under various conditions.in chlorella and in the needles of taxus baccata a backward-conversion can be observed immediately after the termination of strong illumination. the reaction can be accelerated somewhat by exposure of the plant material to pure o2 or dim light.one cannot observe such an epoxidation in leaf disks of spi ... | 1967 | 24549422 |
| studies on l-threonine dehydratase from spinach (spinacia oleracea). | 1967 | 4233789 | |
| aldolase activity in chloroplasts of spinacia oleracea. | 1967 | 5589216 | |
| [hill reaction and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts in relation to water content : ii. removal of water by cacl2]. | 1. isolated chloroplasts from leaves of spinach and beets were dehydrated by drying for 3 hours in vacuo over cacl2 at +2°c in the absence and in the presence of different substances. after rehydration ferricyanide reduction, cyclic photophosphorylation with psm as cofactor, noncyclic photophosphorylation and the level of free sh groups were investigated. furthermore, the quantity of water bound under the conditions of the test by the chloroplast lamellae and by the different substances was dete ... | 1967 | 24554402 |
| some physiological responses to d,l abscisin (dormin). | the responses to synthetic d,l abscisin have been studied in a variety of tests. when fed in aqueous solution continuously to leaves of seedlings growing under long day conditions, d,l abscisin caused the cessation of extension growth and the formation of typical resting-buds in betula pubescens, acer pseudoplatanus and ribes nigrum. abscisin also inhibited the growth of non-dormant buds of potato when applied to the whole tubers, but was much less effective when applied to isolated tuber plugs. ... | 1967 | 24554370 |
| [hill reaction and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts in relation to water content : i. removal of water by means of concentrated solutions]. | 1. water was removed by means of concentrated solutions from chloroplasts which were isolated from leaves of spinach and beets. during and after the dehydration hill reaction and cyclic photophosphorylation with pms as a cofactor were investigated. as osmotic amterial glucose, sucrose, lutrol and nacl were used. 2. no depression of ferricyanide reduction was obtained in 3 m sugar solution and in 2.5 m lutrol solution. these concentrations correspond to a loss of water amounting to 90% of the tot ... | 1967 | 24554371 |
| [rhizosphere products of helianthus annuus and spinacia oleracea]. | 1967 | 5584637 | |
| spectroscopic studies on spinach ferredoxin and adrenodoxin. | 1967 | 4292055 | |
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in phyletically diverse organisms. | electrophoretically distinct forms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (tdh) have been detected in turtle, perch, trout, spinach, and yeast. multiple forms were not detected in rat, rabbit, chicken, frog, honey bee, euglena, or escherichia coli. the combination of two different subunits into tetramers is a probable explanation for the five-membered sets usually detected in extracts exhibiting tdh multiplicity. | 1967 | 5341534 |
| a factor from spinach leaves interacting with chlorophylls. | 1967 | 6048856 | |
| thermodynamics of light emission and free-energy storage in photosynthesis. | a planck law relationship between absorption and emission spectra is used to compute the fluorescence spectra of some photosynthetic systems from their absorption spectra. calculated luminescence spectra of purple bacteria agree well but not perfectly with published experimental spectra. application of the planck law relation to published activation spectra for systems i and ii of spinach chloroplasts permits independent calculation of the luminescence spectra of the two systems; if the luminesc ... | 1967 | 6048879 |
| absorption of phytol from dietary chlorophyll in the rat. | the fate of ingested chlorophyll-particularly of the phytol portion of the molecule-was studied. uniformly (14)c-labeled pheophytin a (the mg-free derivative of chlorophyll a) was prepared from an extract of tobacco leaves grown in (14)co(2), and was administered by stomach tube to rats in which the thoracic duct had been cannulated. only about 2% of the administered radioactivity was absorbed in 24 hr, largely into the thoracic duct lymph. moreover, only a fraction of this lymph radioactivity w ... | 1967 | 6057491 |
| ferrochelatase of spinach chloroplasts. | spinach chloroplasts catalyse the incorporation of fe(2+) into protoporphyrin, mesoporphyrin and deuteroporphyrin to form the corresponding haems. this ferrochelatase activity was detected by pyridine haemochrome formation with acetone-dried powders of chloroplasts, or from the formation of [(59)fe]haems by intact chloroplasts. decreasing the mitochondrial contamination of the chloroplasts by density-gradient centrifugation did not cause any loss of activity: spinach ferrochelatase appears to be ... | 1968 | 5642615 |
| buoyant density of tobacco and spinach chloroplast dna. | 1968 | 5649909 | |
| spinach ferredoxin. ii. typtic, chymotryptic, and thermolytic peptides, and complete amino acid sequence. | 1968 | 5651327 | |
| an improved preparative method for spinach catalase and evaluation of some of its properties. | 1968 | 5657866 | |
| release of free fatty acids and loss of hill activity by aging spinach chloroplasts. | the free fatty acid content of spinach chloroplasts, isolated at ph 5.8 to 8.0, has been found to vary between 3.1 and 5.5% of the total chloroplast fatty acids. when chloroplasts were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours, the free fatty acids increased by 42% and the hill activity decreased by 70%. after 2 hours of incubation at 37 degrees , the free fatty acids increased about 3-fold and the hill activity decreased to almost 0. the addition of crystalline bovine serum albumin largely prev ... | 1968 | 5661491 |
| studies on ferrochelatase. the enzymic formation of haem in proplastids, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria. | 1. ferrochelatase was demonstrated in the chloroplasts and proplastids isolated from the primary leaves of beans (a dicotyledon) and oats (a monocotyledon). it was also detected in chloroplasts from etiolated bean seedlings made green by illumination before being harvested. the specific activities of the three types of bean organelles are similar, as are the specific activities of the oat proplastids and chloroplasts. 2. chloroplasts from young spinach leaves also contain ferrochelatase; these c ... | 1968 | 4298995 |
| d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases of higher plants. | the d-glyceraldehyde 3-p dehydrogenases of spinach leaf, pea seed, and pea shoot were purified. the nadp and nad-linked enzymes of either spinach leaves and pea shoots could not be separated. changes in the ratio of nadp- to nad-linked activity of the spinach leaf and pea shoot enzymes were observed during both purification and storage of crude extracts. the spinach leaf, pea shoot, and pea seed enzymes differ electrophoretically from each other and from the rabbit muscle enzyme. the pea seed an ... | 1968 | 4387009 |
| the stoicheiometry of electron transfer by bacterial and plant ferredoxins. | 1. the number of electrons carried by ferredoxins from spinach, the blue-green alga anacystis nidulans, the anaerobic bacterium clostridium welchii and the photosynthetic bacterium chromatium was determined. 2. ferredoxins were reduced by illuminated chloroplasts, and the stoicheiometry of the reoxidation in the dark of the ferredoxins by nadp and benzyl viologen was measured. 3. spinach and a. nidulans ferredoxins were found to be one-electron carriers, and cl. welchii and chromatium ferredoxin ... | 1968 | 4387387 |
| fat metabolism in higher plants. xxxv. partial primary structure of spinach acyl carrier protein. | 1968 | 4877955 | |
| absorption of chlorophyll phytol in normal man and in patients with refsum's disease. | this study was made to determine the extent of absorption of chlorophyll phytol from the intestine of man, and the importance of chlorophyll as a source of the phytanic acid that accumulates in refsum's disease. uniformly (14)c-labeled pheophytin a (the mg-free derivative of chlorophyll a) was fed to normal human subjects and to patients with refsum's disease. feces were collected and analyzed. in all subjects, 90-95% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the feces, still largely in ... | 1968 | 4177872 |
| role of aldolase in photosynthesis. ii demonstration of aldolase types in photosynthetic organisms. | spinach leaves and photoautotrophically grown euglena and chlorella possess fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolases inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate but insensitive to k(+) or ethylenediamine tetraacetate (type i). dark grown euglena and chlorella have aldolases inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and ethylenediamine tetraacetate but stimulated by k(+) (type ii). the red alga, chondrus, and the golden-brown alga, ochromonas, appear to possess both types. bean, pea, and spinach seeds and the leav ... | 1968 | 16656841 |
| acetate binding of spinach chloroplasts as a facet of fatty acid synthesis. | a particulate fraction of spinach chloroplasts is the major site of binding when either acetate or acetyl-coa is used as substrate. the acetate is linked covalently, and the binding is inhibited by reagents which react with sulfhydryl groups. the amount of acetate bound is lowered by both citrate and oxaloacetate; however, the binding is not reversed by oxaloacetate. reversal of binding is also not brought about by the addition of unlabeled acetyl-coa. if cofactors for fatty acid synthesis and c ... | 1968 | 5662385 |
| biogenesis of oxalate in plant tissues. | red beet root discs aerated in potassium phosphate for 2 to 3 days and young spinach leaves actively produce oxalate. a series of labeled compounds was supplied to each of these tissues to determine the extent of conversion to oxalate. similar results were obtained with the 2 tissues except that in the leaf tissue glyoxylate and glycolate were outstandingly good precursors. carbon from glucose, acetate, and particularly from some acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle was recovered in oxalate. ex ... | 1968 | 16656975 |
| oxygen evolution and the permeability of the outer envelope of isolated whole chloroplasts. | a rapid oxygraph method of studying the permeability of the envelope of isolated chloroplasts was used. the outer envelope of aqueously isolated whole spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts in buffer is readily permeable to 3-phosphoglyceric acid, which induces an immediate light dependent oxygen evolution. this light dependent oxygen evolution was completely eliminated by swelling these plastids in an osmotically dilute solution. exogenous adenosine diphosphate, but not inorganic phosphate ... | 1968 | 16656943 |
| [the role of phosphorylase in starch metabolism in plastids]. | two phosphorylases could be detected on gel-electropherograms of leaf-extracts of spinacia oleracea and of immature cotyledons of vicia faba. these two phosphorylases could be separated by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation. both the slower migrating phosphorylases from spinach and from beans, but not the fast one from beans, could be adsorbed on amyloplasts. this process takes place only when the amyloplasts are suspended in a salt medium. the slow phosphorylases can also be adsorbed on ch ... | 1968 | 24522870 |
| the effect of excess moisture on the germination of spinacia oleracea l. | the reversible inhibition of the germination of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) seeds in conditions which are even slightly wetter than optimal has been traced to the production, in a wet environment, of a layer of mucilage around and within the fruit coat which surrounds the true seed. such wet seeds may however germinate readily when the temperature is lowered, or the oxygen pressure of the environment is raised, or the intact seeds are placed for a short time in hydrogen peroxide before being ... | 1968 | 24519211 |
| inhibition of photosynthesis by oxygen in isolated spinach chloroplasts. | the inhibition of photosynthetic co(2) fixation by o(2), commonly referred to as the warburg effect, was examined in isolated intact spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. the major characteristics of this effect in isolated chloroplasts are rapid reversibility when o(2) is replaced by n(2), an increased inhibition by o(2) at low concentrations of co(2) and a decreased effect of o(2) with increased concentrations of co(2).both the dpn- and tpn-linked glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases ... | 1969 | 16657176 |
| the hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid by an enzyme from leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.). | 1. an enzyme from the leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.) that catalyses the hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid to caffeic acid in the presence of ascorbate has been purified about 1000-fold on a protein basis. 2. it is activated by high concentrations of ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride. 3. the preparation shows both hydroxylase and catechol oxidase activities, in a constant ratio throughout the purification procedure; they are similarly activated by salts. 4. ascorbate acts as a reduc ... | 1969 | 4389984 |
| a combined procedure for preparation of plastocyanin, ferredoxin and cf1. | homogeneous preparations of ferredoxin, plastocyanin, and chloroplast coupling factor (cf1) have been isolated from spinach by a combined procedure in which supernatants from preparation of chloroplasts are used for isolation of ferredoxin and the chloroplasts serve as the source of plastocyanin. the proteins were purified by deae-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration, after precipitation with acetone in the case of ferredoxin or release from membranes in the case of plastocyanin. the prot ... | 1969 | 1187556 |
| enzyme activities of the carbon reduction cycle in some photosynthetic organisms. | profile analyses of the enzymes comprising the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle have been performed in extracts of dark grown and greening euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. chlorella pyrenoidosa grown photoautotrophically, in the light with glucose or in the dark with glucose, tolypothrix tenuis, chromatium and leaves of spinach. amounts of activity are compared with the level of photosynthetic co(2) fixation. only in chromatium were all enzyme activities sufficient to support the in vivo r ... | 1969 | 16657059 |
| photosynthetic light reactions in chemically fixed anacystis nidulans, chlorella pyrenoidosa, and porphyridium cruentum. | the photochemical activities of various species of unicellular algae (anacystis nidulans, chlorella pyrenoidosa, and porphyridium cruentum) were studied following chemical fixation. fixation with formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde yielded cells which retained their ability to perform photosystem i and photosystem ii reactions. the photochemical efficiencies of some fixed algae are as great as those of unfixed spinach chloroplasts. fixed algae containing accessory pigments appear to be useful models ... | 1969 | 16657097 |
| on the molecular identity of esr signal ii observed in photosynthetic systems: the effect of heptane extraction and reconstitution with plastoquinone and deuterated plastoquinone. | speculation as to the identity of signal ii, the light-induced, broad, slow decaying electron spin resonance signal with hyperfine structure observed in photosynthetic materials, has tended to center on the semiquinone of plastoquinone. experiments reported here were designed to give direct evidence bearing on that speculation. heptane extraction of lipids from lyophilized spinach and tobacco chloroplast fragments reduced the amplitude of signal ii and increased the ratio of signal i:signal ii. ... | 1969 | 16657222 |
| photophosphorylation during chloroplast development in red kidney bean. i. characterization of the mature system and the effect of bsa and sulfhydryl reagents. | optimal conditions were determined for photophosphorylation and reduction in mature chloroplasts from phaseolus vulgaris var. red kidney. bovine serum albumin (bsa) at 1 mg/ml and various sulfhydryl reagents (0.1-0.5 mm) greatly enhanced cyclic and noncyclic phosphorylation, but had little effect on photoreduction. bsa and reduced glutathione also stimulated cyclic phosphorylation in spinach chloroplasts. bsa was needed in the reaction from the start to provide high rates of phosphorylation. bsa ... | 1969 | 16657234 |
| partially purified photosynthetic reaction centers from plant tissues. | the prior removal of carotenoids from photosynthetic membranes of plants by means of organic extraction allows triton x-100 to remove and solubilize small particles that are greatly enriched in reaction center chl, p700. four plant species have been examined: spinach, bush bean (phaseolus vulgaris), the blue-green alga anabaena variabilis, and euglena. the particles obtained are generally similar and have a ratio of one p700 to approximately 30 chlorophylls (in spinach the ratio is 1 to 28). exp ... | 1969 | 16591778 |
| a survey of plants for leaf peroxisomes. | leaves of 10 plant species, 7 with photorespiration (spinach, sunflower, tobacco, pea, wheat, bean, and swiss chard) and 3 without photorespiration (corn, sugarcane, and pigweed), were surveyed for peroxisomes. the distribution pattern for glycolate oxidase, glyoxylate reductase, catalase, and part of the malate dehydrogenase indicated that these enzymes exist together in this organelle. the peroxisomes were isolated at the interface between layers of 1.8 to 2.3 m sucrose by isopycnic nonlinear ... | 1969 | 5775848 |
| measurement of the fluorescence lifetime of chlorophyll a in vivo. | new measurements have been made of fluorescence lifetime (tau) of chlorophyll a in the algae chlorella pyrenoidosa, porphyridium cruentum, anacystis nidulans, and in spinach chloroplast. tau-values of 0.6 and 0.7 nsec were obtained with green plants. anacystis and porphyridium gave a tau of 0.5 nsec. the previously described two stage decay of fluorescence in vivo in these organisms could not be confirmed. this observation could have been caused by a second wave of light emission from the exciti ... | 1969 | 5778187 |
| the magnetic susceptibility of oxidized and reduced ferredoxins from spinach and parsley and the high potential protein from chromatium. | 1969 | 5783833 | |
| uptake of isolated chloroplasts by mammalian cells. | mouse fibroblasts (l cells) in suspension culture incorporated isolated chloroplasts of spinach and african violets and isolated mitochondria of chicken liver. the organelles resided in the cell cytoplasm and were not contained in vacuoles or digestion vesicles. green cells divided like normal cells. green chloroplasts were followed for five cell generations or 5 days, at which time hybrid cells were greatly outnumbered by nongreen progeny cells. the ingested chloroplasts retained their structur ... | 1969 | 5801593 |
| adp-d-glucose:alpha-1,4-glucan alpha-4-glucosyltransferase of spinach leaves. enzymatic synthesis of amylopectin-type polysaccharide in a two-enzyme system. | 1969 | 5821017 | |
| methyl viologen-linked sulfite reductase from spinach leaves. | 1969 | 5824566 | |
| the electron transport system in nitrogen fixation by azotobacter. i. azotoflavin as an electron carrier. | a flavoprotein, named azotoflavin, was isolated from an extract of azotobacter vinelandii cells, which linked the reducing power generated by illuminated spinach chloroplasts to the azotobacter nitrogen-fixing enzyme complex. the photoreduction of the yellow azotoflavin by chloroplasts produced a stable, free-radical semiquinone, blue in color, with properties similar to those described by other investigators for an azotobacter flavoprotein of unknown biological function. | 1969 | 5264138 |
| structure and function of chloroplast proteins. ix. further comparative studies on chlorella and spinach leaf ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase. | 1969 | 5391472 | |
| studies on spinach aldolase. | 1969 | 5293629 | |
| photosensitization of specific histidine residues of rabbit muscle and spinach leaf aldolases by pyridoxal phosphate. | 1970 | 5466118 | |
| purification and some properties of a non-haem iron protein from the bacteroids of soya-bean (glycine max merr) nodules. | a non-haem iron protein was isolated from an extract of soya-bean nodule bacteroids by a procedure including protamine sulphate and heat precipitation followed by chromatography on deae-cellulose. the purified protein contains non-haem iron and acid-labile sulphur and exhibits a spectrum with a rather broad absorption shoulder in the region 380-440nm and a more prominent peak at 280nm. from sedimentation-velocity measurements an apparent s(20,w) value of 1.3s was calculated. the protein function ... | 1970 | 5529239 |
| [effect of antibodies against ferredoxin-nadp-reductase from spinach on photosynthetic reactions in a cell-free system of anacystis nidulans]. | 1970 | 4393161 | |
| purification and properties of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-requiring glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from spinach leaves. | 1970 | 4396069 | |
| purification and separation of alpha- and beta-galactosidases from spinach leaves. | 1970 | 4315053 | |
| renaturation of spinach leaf glyoxylic acid reductase. | 1970 | 4321767 | |
| some effects of triton x-100 on pea etioplasts. | when pea etioplast preparations were treated with triton x-100, the membranes disappeared, the pigments were solubilized, and the organelles appeared to disintegrate. low speed centrifugation (2000g) of the preparations following treatment with triton x-100 resulted in a pellet which contained considerable quantities of plastid material. this included rna polymerase and dna polymerase activity, much of the dna, about 30% of the rna, and 50% of the protein of the washed plastid. the amount of rna ... | 1970 | 16657482 |
| the action of o-dihydric phenols in the hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid by a phenolase from leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.). | 1. under defined conditions, the hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid catalysed by a phenolase from leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.) was observed to develop its maximum rate only after a lag period. 2. by decreasing the reaction rate with lower enzyme concentrations or by increasing it with higher concentrations of reductants, the length of the lag period was inversely related to the maximum rate subsequently developed. 3. low concentrations of caffeic acid or other o-dihydric phenols aboli ... | 1970 | 4991965 |
| effects of some phenoloxidase inhibitors on chloroplasts and carboxylating enzymes of sugar cane and spinach. | a number of additives have been tested for their effects on o-diphenol: o2 oxidoreductase activity of cane leaves. the most inhibitory compounds were thioglycollate, β-mercaptoethanol, polyethylene glycol and bovine serum albumin. sulphydryl (sh) compounds did not affect rates of photosynthetic co2 assimilation when used at concentrations below 10(-2) m. however, in the presence of mn(++) ions they contributed to an o2 consumption which masked photosynthetic o2 evolution. addition of sh compound ... | 1970 | 24496906 |
| the biosynthesis of steryl glucosides in plants. | mitochondrial preparations from pea root (pisum sativum l. var. alaska) cauliflower inflorescence (brassica cauliflora gars.) and avocado inner mesocarp (persea americana mill. var. fuerte), and chloroplast preparations from spinach leaf (spinacia oleracea l. var. bloomsdale) incorporate glucose into steryl glucoside and acylated steryl glucoside when either uridine diphosphate-glucose or uridine diphosphate-galactose is supplied as precursor. in the case of pea root mitochondria, galactosyl dig ... | 1970 | 5423466 |
| [regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in spinach chloroplasts by light]. | 1. the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glucose-6-phosphate: nadph oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.1.49) in the homogenate of illuminated leaves of spinacea oleracea l. (30 min with 30000 lux) is about 30% lower than in the dark controls. 2. illumination of isolated chloroplasts (10000 lux) causes a fast inhibition of the enzyme activity which reaches about 45% after 20 min. 3. the activity of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho d-gluconate: nadp(+) oxidoreductase, ec 1.1. ... | 1970 | 24496814 |
| involvement of photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle intermediates in co(2) fixation and o(2) evolution by isolated chloroplasts. | the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle intermediates can be divided into three classes according to their effects on the rate of photosynthetic co(2) evolution by whole spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts and on their ability to affect reversal of certain inhibitors (nigericin, arsenate, arsenite, iodoacetate, antimycin a) of photosynthesis: class i (maximal): fructose 1, 6-diphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, ribose-5-phosphate; class 2 (slight): glucose ... | 1971 | 16657865 |
| inhibition of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation in isolated spinach chloroplasts exposed to reduced osmotic potentials. | reduced osmotic potentials inhibited the rate of co(2) fixation by isolated intact spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. this inhibition was observed immediately after transfer of chloroplasts from a solution containing 0.33 m sorbitol to higher sorbitol concentrations, and the depressed rate remained constant. the inhibited co(2) fixation could not be attributed to a decreased rate of photosynthetic electron transport, since nadp reduction was unaffected by subjecting the chloroplasts to lo ... | 1971 | 16657842 |
| malate dehydrogenases of leaf tissue from spinacia oleracea: properties of three isoenzymes. | 1971 | 5114926 | |
| reversible cyanide inhibition of spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) nitrate reductase and non-exchangeability in vitro of protein bound molybdenum and tungsten. | 1971 | 11946072 | |
| 3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase in plants: iii. activity associated with starch particles. | a particulate form of 3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase represents about 20% of this activity in spinach (spinacia oleracea var. longstanding bloomsdale) leaves. by differential and isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation, all the particulate activity was found in starch grains that pelleted through 2.5 m sucrose. this particulate phosphatase was extremely stable, had a ph optimum of 5.8, and an apparent michaelis constant (3-phosphoglycerate) of 9 x 10(-4)m. no cation requirement for act ... | 1971 | 16657823 |
| effect of antimycin a on photosynthesis of intact spinach chloroplasts. | low concentrations (0.5-10 mum) of antimycin a were shown to increase the rate of co(2) fixation, o(2) evolution and inorganic phosphate esterification in intact spinach (spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. the increase was highest when the light intensity was saturating. stimulation was independent of the bicarbonate concentration and was accompanied by an enhancement in the synthesis of glycerate 3-phosphate with a decrease in dihydroxyacetone phosphate. the antibiotic decreased the michaelis con ... | 1971 | 16657816 |