Publications

a new disease of douglas fir.		1929	17791953
external polarity potentials in the apex of the douglas fir before and after mechanical stimulation.		1931	16652726
electric correlation between living cells in cortex and wood in the douglas fir.		1931	16652738
control of the flux equilibrium of electrochemical processes and electric polarity in the douglas fir by temperature.		1932	16652771
comparison of the effects of temperature on the radial and longitudinal electric polarities in wood and cortex of the douglas fir.		1932	16652784
a bacterial gall disease of the douglas fir.		1933	17780518
carbohydrate changes within the needles of pinus ponderosa and pseudotsuga taxifolia.		1937	16653443
growth stimulation and phosphorus absorption of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal northern white pine and douglas fir seedlings in relation to fertilizer treatment.		1946	16654021
constituents of extractive from douglas-fir lignin residue.		1948	18102931
a flavonone from douglas-fir heartwood.		1948	18882535
[electron microscopic studies on the pit pairs of spruce, fir larch and douglas fir].		1953	13081590
activation of germination in douglas fir seed by hydrogen peroxide.		1959	16655273
the aseptic culture of isolated buds of pseudotsuga taxifolia.		1959	16655287
utilization of labeled glucose in developing douglas fir seed cones.		1963	16655831
fat utilization in germinating douglas fir seed.		1963	16655858
dendroctonus pseudotsugae: a hypothesis regarding its primary attractant.	the douglas-fir beetle is attracted to alpha-pinene but repelled by beta-pinene. attacks on standing trees are related to the content of alpha- or beta-pinene in the tree; this correlation suggests that volatile oils may be the stimuli initially attracting the insect to the douglas fir.	1965	17782298
scolytid beetles associated with douglas fir: response to terpenes.	douglas-fir oleoresin and the terpene hydrocarbons (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, litnonene, camphene, geraniol, and alpha-terpineol) attracted various bark and timber beetles associated with douiglas-fir forests during their flight. in responding to these volatile terpenes the bettles are directed to favorable breeding material.	1966	17741636
compositional changes of douglas fir seeds during germination.	changes in weight, water content, nucleic acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds in embryo and gametophyte of douglas fir seeds (pseudotsuga menziesii franco) were studied at 6 stages of germination. lipids, proteins, and reserve phosphorus compounds in the gametophyte were utilized for the synthesis of carbohydrates, structural components, and soluble compounds in the seedling.the general quantitative metabolic changes that occur during germination of do ...	1966	16656402
kinetics of the daily rate of photosynthesis at low temperatures for two conifers.	the daily course of photosynthesis at low temperatures in 2 coniferous species, pinus ponderosa laws., and pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco, were studied using controlled environment facilities. after having been grown at a 23 degrees day, and 19 degrees night for a year, seedlings were acclimatized for 4 months to either a 3 degrees , 7 degrees or 11 degrees day all under 1200 ft-c of light and followed by a 16-hour night at 3 degrees . measurement of photosynthesis at 1200 ft-c revealed 3 ...	1967	16656533
effect of various essential oils isolated from douglas fir needles upon sheep and deer rumen microbial activity.	the effects of essential oils isolated from douglas fir needles on sheep and deer rumen microbial activity were tested by use of an anaerobic manometric technique. rumen microorganisms were obtained from a sheep which had been fed mainly on alfalfa hay and dried range grass. one deer used in this study had access to douglas fir trees the year around, whereas the other deer had no access to douglas fir. all of the monoterpene hydrocarbons isolated from douglas fir needles-alpha-pinene, beta-pinen ...	1967	6049303
plant moisture stress: evaluation by pressure bomb.	the recently developed technique for determining the water stress of a plant by measuring the pressure necessary to force water back to the cut surface of a severed twig is adaptable to both field and laboratory experiments. we have designed and operated an efficient portable system weighing less than 18 kilograms. sampling variation within and among douglas fir trees varies from less than +/- i atmosphere under low stress conditions to +/- 10 atmospheres under high stress conditions. in the mea ...	1967	17847540
intracellular distribution of lipolytic activity in the female gametophyte of germinating douglas fir seeds.	acid (ph 5.2) and neutral (ph 7.1) lipase activity was studied in order to localize the sites of lipolysis in cellular fractions of catabolic organ of douglas fir seed. cellular particles were separated by differential centrifugation of the tissue homogenate and identified by electron microscopy. emulsified native neutral lipids were provided as a substrate to protein body, mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions, and endogenous lipids were used as a substrate for light and heavy fat bod ...	1968	17805801
comparison of rumen microbial inhibition resulting from various essential oils isolated from relatively unpalatable plant species.	essential oils were isolated from eight plant species which were relatively unpalatable to sheep and deer. the inhibitory potency of these essential oils upon sheep and deer rumen microorganisms was compared, in terms of total gas and volatile fatty acid (vfa) production, by use of an anaerobic manometric technique. inhibitory effects of oils from the eight plant species may be placed in four groups: (i) essential oils from vinegar weed (trichostema lanceoletum) and california bay (umbellularia ...	1968	5636470
planning a surveillance program for control of the douglas-fir tussock moth in oregon.		1968	5688484
influence of light intensity at different temperatures on rate of respiration of douglas-fir seedlings.	the rate of photorespiration of douglas-fir seedlings was measured under different light intensities by: (1) extrapolating the curve for co(2) uptake in relation to atmospheric co(2) content to zero co(2) content, and (2) measuring co(2) evolution of the plants into a co(2)-free airstream. different results, obtained from these techniques, were believed to be caused by a severe restriction of the photosynthetic activity when the latter was used. with the first method, co(2) evolution was lower t ...	1968	16656775
a nucleopolyhedrosis virus in populations of the douglas-fir tussock moth, hemerocampa pseudotsugata, in california.		1969	5777831
pesticides in water. endrin in water from treated douglas fir seed.		1969	5786558
[experiences with synthesis experiments, especially with pseudotsuga menziesii (mirbel) franco. i].		1969	4901548
differential incorporation of acetate and glucose in maturing douglas fir seeds.		1969	5367934
[experiences by synthesis-experiments with pseudotsuga menziesii (mirbel) franco. ii].		1971	5000036
poria weirii-inhibiting and other phenolic compounds in roots of red alder and douglas-fir.		1972	4680398
sound production in scolytidae:chemostimulus of sonic signal by the douglas-fir beetle.	stridulation by male dendroctonus pseudotsugae was recorded in response to the natural female attractant (frass) or to three synthetic components of the attractant (frontalin, 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, and trans-verbenol). this stridulation was acoustically distinct from stress sound and correlated with known attraction behavior. the response of female d. pseudotsugae to male stridulation-negation her attraction-was induced by playback of recorded attractant stridulation but not by that of st ...	1972	17813834
spring shoot growth in douglas-fir may be initiated by gibberellins exported from the roots.	trials conducted under controlled environments demonstrated that the delay of bud activity of douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings occasioned by low temperature of the soil could be eliminated by application of gibberellic acid. analyses of field-grown plants showed a parallel increase in bud activity, level of gibberellin-like compounds in xylem sap, and soil temperature during february and march.	1973	17772159
fluorescence microscopy of douglas fir foliage epiflora.		1973	4127815
the structure of plant cell walls: vi. a survey of the walls of suspension-cultured monocots.	the primary cell walls of six suspension-cultured monocots and of a single suspension-cultured gymnosperm have been investigated with the following results: (a) the compositions of all six monocot cell walls are remarkably similar, despite the fact that the cell cultures were derived from diverse tissues; (b) the cell walls of suspension-cultured monocots differ substantially from those of suspension-cultured dicots and from the suspension-cultured gymnosperm; (c) an arabinoxylan is a major comp ...	1974	16658824
nacobbodera chitwoodi, n. gen., n. sp., (nacobbidae:nematoda) on douglas fir in oregon.	nacobbodera chitwoodi, n. gen., n. sp., representing nacobboderinae n. subfam, in the nacobbidae, is described and illustrated from roots of douglas fir, pseudotsuga menziesii near florence oregon. this new species, having characters common to nacobbidae, heteroderidae, and meloidogynidae, appears to represent a connecting link between these three families of the heteroderoidea. especially, a distinct tail on swollen adult females, vermiform shape of juvenile females, and the shape and sclerotiz ...	1974	19319361
photosynthetic action spectra of trees: i. comparative photosynthetic action spectra of one deciduous and four coniferous tree species as related to photorespiration and pigment complements.	comparative isoenergetic action spectra of net photosynthesis for intact, current year foliage of five tree species were determined from 400 to 710 nm by co(2) exchange analysis. the blue (400 to 500 nm) peak of net photosynthetic activity for the green broadleaves of red alder (alnus rubra bong.) was reduced to a plateau for the green needle-leaves of douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco) and sitka spruce (picea sitchensis [bong.] carr.), a shoulder for the blue-green needles of co ...	1975	16659091
photosynthetic action spectra of trees: ii. the relationship of cuticle structure to the visible and ultraviolet spectral properties of needles from four coniferous species.	the relative reflectance spectra for control and treated (surface wiped) current-year foliage of douglas fir, and sitka, colorado, and blue spruce (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco, picea sitchensis [bong.] carr., picea pungens engelm., and picea pungens engelm. var. hoopsii, respectively) were obtained from 220 to 700 nm. the green color of the control foliage of both douglas fir and sitka spruce was unaffected by the treatment whereas the blue-green and blue-white foliage of control colora ...	1975	16659092
dynamics of photoassimilated carbon in douglas fir seedlings.	the relations between co(2) uptake, translocation, and carbon accumulation in several vegetative components of douglas fir seedlings (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco) have been quantified using (14)co(2). seedlings were exposed to a constant specific radioactivity of (14)co(2) and a repeating daily pattern of temperature and light for 4 consecutive days. results of (14)c analysis, which indicated a transitory pattern of photoassimilated carbon movement, were extrapolated to a "steady rate" ...	1975	16659324
survival of poria weirii on paired plots in alder and conifer stands.	cubes of douglas-fir wood decayed by poria weirii (murr.) murr. were buried for 12 months on paired plots in red alder and in confier soils on the cascade head experimental forest. survival of the fungus was not significantly different in the two soils, although ph was significantly lower and nitrate content significantly higher in alder soils. even though effects on fungus survival were nil, red alder, for other reasons, might still be used to reduce damage caused by p. weirii root not on areas ...	1975	241894
douglas-fir tussock moth: sex pheromone identification and synthesis.	the sex pheromone of the douglass-fir tussock moth orgyia pseudotsugata (mcdunnough) has been isolated and identified as (z)-6-heneicosen-11-one. this compound and its e isomer have been synthesized and are highly potent in laboratory bioassays and field trials.	1975	1114342
residues of trichlorfon and lauroyl trichlorfon in douglas-fir, willow, grass, aspen foliage, and in creek water after aerial application.		1976	1252643
a synthesis of (z)-6-heneicosen-11-one. the sex pheromone of the douglas fir tussock moth.		1976	988119
differential staining of tannin in sections of epoxy-embedded plant cells.	a staining procedure is described for the light microscopic localization of ergastic tannins in epoxy sections of plant cells embedded for study by transmission electron microscopy. callus and cell suspensions of pseudotsuga menziesii and pinus taeda fixed in glutaraldehyde:acrolein and then oso4, followed by epoxy embedding, were sectioned 0.5 mum thick, stained on a glass slide with ethanolic sudan black b at 60 c as described by bronner, and then mounted in karo syrup. tannin deposits stained ...	1976	60805
tussockosis: reactions to douglas fir tussock moth.	an unusually heavy infestation of the tussock moth resulted in a high incidence of symptoms affecting the skin and mucous membranes of those exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter of this insect. extensive epidemiological studies proved these manifestations to be both toxic and allergic. the authors have given this condition the name, tussockosis. clinical and immunoligical studies including in vitro procedures and direct patient testing confirmed the allergenicity, as well as the ...	1976	132879
indole-3-acetic acid in douglas fir: analysis by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.	we sought evidence for the occurrence and seasonal variation of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in shoots of douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco).collections obtained in december and june were extracted with methanol and diethyl ether. extracts were purified by solvent partitioning and with sephadex lh-20. qualitative and quantitative information was acquired by gas-liquid chromatography of methyl, trimethylsilyl, or both derivatives of plant extract components. analysis was performed w ...	1976	16659667
seasonal allocation of photoassimilated carbon in douglas fir seedlings.	the uptake of co(2) by douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco) seedlings and the allocation of photoassimilated carbon among five vegetative tissues were closely related to seedling phenology. in may, newly flushing needles required 5.2% day(-1) of photoassimilated carbon relative to needle tissue carbon. as these needles matured, this carbon requirement declined to 1.95% day(-1) in august, to 0.94% day(-1) in november, and to 0.76% day(-1) in january. other tissues of douglas fir see ...	1977	16660085
health hazards to timber and forestry workers from the douglas fir tussock moth.	a heavy infestation of the tussock moth caterpillar (orgyia pseudotsugata mcdonnough) in forested areas of oregon was associated with itching of the skin and eyes, nasal discharge, cough, and, at times, respiratory difficulty, personal interviews and inspection of forty-one occupationally exposed persons were supplemented by a questionnaire administered to 428 individuals, composing three groups at various degrees of risk and a control group. there was a cause and effect relationship between the ...	1977	143915
tree host range and world distribution of the extomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius.	the natural occurrence of pisolithus tinctorius has been confirmed in 33 countries of the world and in 38 states in the united states. this ectomycorrhizal fungus is found associated with various tree species in nurseries, urban areas, orchards, forests, and strip-mined spoils. experiments have proved that this fungal symbiont forms ectomycorrhizae with abies procera, betula pendula, carya illnoensis, 11 species of eucalyptus, 30 species of pinus, pseudotsuga menziesii var. meniziesii, 2 species ...	1977	856419
regeneration of douglas fir plantlets through tissue culture.	douglas fir plantlets were produced in tissue culture under defined conditions from cotyledon explants obtained from 2- to 4-week-old seedlings. tissue pieces were cultured on the surface of a fabric tissue support (100 percent polyester) saturated with liquid nutrient medium; this facilitated periodic changes of the medium to meet the requirements at successive developmental stages without transfer of cultured tissues. plant growth regulators were needed to stimulate adventitious bud formation. ...	1977	17770507
sensory irritation and incapacitation evoked by thermal decomposition products of polymers and comparisons with known sensory irritants.	a decrease in respiratory rate in mice during exposure to irritating airborne chemicals has been utilized as a response parameter to characterize the degree of upper respiratory tract irritation (sensory irritation) to the thermal decomposition products of various polymers. these included polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, flexible polyurethane foam, polytetrafluorethylene, a fiber glass reinforced polyester resin, and douglas fir. each of the materials was thermally decomposed in a low-mass verti ...	1978	206213
residues in douglas-fir needles and forest litter following and aerial application of acephate (orthene).		1978	641308
determination of indole-3-acetic acid in douglas fir using a deuterated analog and selected ion monitoring: comparison of microquantities in seedling and adult tree.	indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) content in shoot tips of douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco) trees and seedlings was determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a deuterated analog (d(2)-iaa) as an internal standard and the technique of selected ion monitoring. ratios of the peak heights of the deuterated analog internal standard to endogenous iaa revealed a slightly higher content of iaa in seedlings compared with the shoot tips collected in june. the relatively ...	1978	16660622
enrichment of cadmium-mediated antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) litter microcosm.	a set of douglas-fir needle litter microcosms was amended with cadmium, acid, a combination of both, or neither. after 2 weeks of incubation, bacterial colony counts were made of litter homogenates inoculated onto agar media containing an antibiotic (streptomycin, chloromycetin, ampicillin, or gentamicin), cadmium, both, or neither. in all microcosms bacterial abundance was similar but the quality was very dissimiliar. cadmium-treated microcosms had populations enriched for cadmium and gentamici ...	1979	39494
development of methodologies to assess the relative hazards from thermal decomposition products of polymeric materials.	the physiological stress imposed upon mice due to the irritating properties of thermal decomposition products of polymeric materials was evaluated. acute lethality and histopathological evaluation were included in the study. the rankings of the polymeric materials studied from most to least hazardous was concluded to be polytetrafluoroethylene greater than polyvinyl chloride greater than douglas fir and flexible polyurethane foam greater than fiber glass reinforced polyester greater than copper ...	1979	463752
direct marine-continental correlation: 150,000-year oxygen isotope--pollen record from the north pacific.	core y72 ii i (43 degrees 15'n, 126 degrees 22'w) contains sediment of oxygen isotope stages i through 6 (substages 5a through 5e are well developed) and abundant pollen from the nearby continent, enabling us for the first time to obtain a direct marine-continental correlation of events in the last interglacial sensu lato. from stage 6 to substage 5e the vegetational record resembles that during the waning of the last glacial. during substage 5e, after a rapid increase of alder, western hemlock ...	1979	17730526
effects of certain cadmium species on pure and litter populations of microorganisms.	cadmium inhibition of microorganisms was found to be bacterial and chemical species dependent. e. coli inhibition was a function of the cadmium-ion concentration irregardless of the presence of citrate, a chelator for cadmium that it could not metabolize. whereas with a pseudomonas sp. able to metabolize citrate, cadmium inhibition was a function of both the cadmium ion and the presence of citrate. with no citrate, inhibition of this organism occurred only at relatively high cadmium-ion concentr ...	1980	6776892
ethylene production by ectomycorrhizal fungi, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini, and by aseptically synthesized ectomycorrhizae and fusarium-infected douglas-fir roots.	the ectomycorrhizal fungi cenococcum geophilum, hebeloma crustuliniforme, and laccaria laccata produced ethylene in vitro in modified melin-norkrans liquid medium only if amended with 2.5-10mm methionine; pisolithus tinctorius failed to produce ethylene unless the cultures were renewed with fresh methionine-amended medium before ethylene assay. an additional 19 ectomycorrhizal fungi, plus five isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pini, all produced ethylene in renewed and (or) nonrenewed media. ...	1980	7214223
procyanidins (condensed tannins) in green cell suspension cultures of douglas fir compared with those in strawberry and avocado leaves by means of c(18)-reversed-phase chromatography.	the procyanidins (the most common type of proanthocyanidin or condensed tannin) from cell suspension cultures derived from cotyledons of douglas fir have been compared with those isolated from leaves of strawberry and avocado. seventy per cent methanol (v/v) extracts from 100 milligrams fresh weight samples were analyzed by a combination of c(18)-reversed-phase columns with high-performance liquid chromatography, and normal phase paper chromatography. (-)-epicatechin and its oligomers were gener ...	1980	16661581
some effects of douglas fir terpenes on certain microorganisms.	the douglas fir terpene alpha-pinene was shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and a yeast. other terpenes of the douglas fir, including limonene, camphene, and isobornyl acetate, were also inhibitory to bacillus thuringiensis. all terpenes were inhibitory at concentrations normally present in the fir needle diet of douglas fir tussock moth larvae. the presence of such terpenes in the diet of these insects was found to strongly influence the infectivity of b. thuringiensis spores ...	1980	16345609
action of douglas fir tussock moth larvae and their microflora on dietary terpenes.	a single type of bacterium, tentatively identified as a member of the genus bacillus, was isolated from 2 of 20 midguts of douglas fir tussock moth larvae being fed a diet of fir needles. no bacteria could be isolated from most midguts. although spherically shaped bodies were present in the food bolus, these bodies, if microorganisms, could not be distinguished from spherical bodies associated with the plant tissue. the douglas fir tussock moth dietary terpenes were altered during their passage ...	1980	16345660
microbiology of wetwood: importance of pectin degradation and clostridium species in living trees.	wetwood samples from standing trees of eastern cottonwood (populus deltoides), black poplar (populus nigra), and american elm (ulmus americana) contained high numbers of aerobic and anaerobic pectin-degrading bacteria (10 to 10 cells per g of wood). high activity of polygalacturonate lyase (</=0.5 u/ml) was also detected in the fetid liquid that spurted from wetwood zones in the lower trunk when the trees were bored. a prevalent pectin-degrading obligately anaerobic bacterium isolated from these ...	1981	16345848
proanthocyanidins and potential precursors in needles of douglas fir and in cell suspension cultures derived from seedling shoot tissues.	proanthocyanidins and their potential precursors have been analyzed by paper chromatography and c(18) reversed phase columns with high performance liquid chromatography. total proanthocyanidins on a dry weight basis in cell suspension cultures derived from seedlings of douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) were equal to or greater than those found in mature needles of randomly selected outdoor-grown trees. the major monomer and dimer were catechin and epicatechin-catechin, respectively. although o ...	1981	16662047
effects of carbon and nitrogen supplementation on lignin and cellulose decomposition by a streptomyces.	effects of nitrogen source and concentration and organic carbon cosubstrates on lignin and cellulose degradation by streptomyces badius strain 252 were examined using 14c-labeled substrates prepared from pseudotsuga menziesii twigs. as compared with white-rot fungi, which do not degrade lignin in the absence of a readily metabolizable carbon cosubstrate, degradation of a milled-wood lignin occurred in a minimal medium, although degradation by s. badius was greatly enhanced when organic nitrogen ...	1981	7296418
methylgloxal: enzyme distributions relative to its presence in douglas-fir needles and absence in douglas-fir needle callus.		1981	7020600
holocene vegetation in chaco canyon, new mexico.	well-preserved plant remains in packrat middens chronicle vegetation change in chaco canyon over the past 11,000 years. early holocene evidence of communities dominated by douglas fir, rocky mountain juniper, and limber pine in the san juan basin calls for revision of traditional constructs based on fossil pollen. middle and late holocene vegetation in the canyon was pinyon-juniper woodland up until anasazi occupation between 1000 and 800 years ago. instead of climate, anasazi fuel needs may exp ...	1981	17839658
f-actin in conifer roots.	the distribution of f-actin in the complex tissues of a higher plant organ has been visualized by fluorescence labeling the roots of the conifers chamaecyparis obtusa and pseudotsuga menziesii with f-actin-specific fluorescent dye-conjugated phallicidin. f-actin is present in the parenchymatous cells of the vascular tissue. some vascular parenchyma cells possess larger numbers of f-actin-containing structures (microfilament bundles) than are known to exist in any other higher plant cell. tissue ...	1982	16593185
associations between allozyme genotypes and quantitative traits in douglas-fir [pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco].	effects of maternal genotypes for eight enzyme loci on seven quantitative traits in 41 half-sib families were determined. heritability estimates for the quantitative traits were highly significant and ranged from 0.57 to 0.86. only six of 112 comparisons (56 comparisons for each of the genotypes and 56 for homozygous versus heterozygous contrasts) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). none of these significant comparisons could be associated with either a particular allele or a particular g ...	1982	17246076
use of pectinase to dissociate plant nuclei for squash preparations: effect of hydration procedures.	scale tissues taken from cones of pendent douglas-fir pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco were treated with pectinase to dissociate nuclei for feulgen staining. hydration of fixed tissues with water or a graded series of ethyl alcohol before pectinase treatment resulted in distention and faint staining of nuclei and inadequate disintegration of cell walls. these problems were overcome by adopting citrate buffer hydration. analysis of digitized scans of nuclei provided information about the dist ...	1982	6758207
incorporation of [c]phenylalanine into flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in cell suspension cultures of douglas fir.	l-[(14)c]phenylalanine, fed to cell suspension cultures of douglas fir, (pseudotsuga menziesii franco) was incorporated simultaneously, but at different rates, into (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and procyanidins of increasing molecular weight. asymmetric labeling of dimers and polymers was demonstrated, with more label appearing in the upper than in the lower or terminal unit. in addition, the total pool of free monomers was 10 to 30 times more highly labeled than was this lower, terminal unit ...	1982	16662344
enzymic and nonenzymic reduction of (+)-dihydroquercetin to its 3,4,-diol.	a nadph-dependent reductase activity, capable of converting (+)-dihydroquercetin (2,3-trans) to its 3,4-diol (a leucocyanidin), has been demonstrated in crude, soluble protein extracts derived from cell suspension cultures of douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziessi). neither nadh nor ascorbate substituted as the h-donor. quantitative analyses were based on the production of cyanidin, the formation of an adduct with vanillin, and on absorbance at 280 nanometers. nonenzymic reduction of (+)-dihydroquer ...	1982	16662559
bacterial activity associated with the decomposition of woody substrates in a stream sediment.	ground bark and heartwood from alnus rubra and pseudotsuga menziesii were added to a muddy sediment from a small oregon stream and incubated in situ. carbon dioxide and methane production rates were increased by all amendments, the biggest increase being shown with a. rubra wood. except for sediment amended with a. rubra wood, nitrogen fixation rates from all treatments (including the control) were approximately 0.1 nmol/g per h throughout the 6-month study period. contrary to expectations, neit ...	1983	16346200
microbial decomposition of wood in streams: distribution of microflora and factors affecting [c]lignocellulose mineralization.	the distribution and lignocellulolytic activity of the microbial community was determined on a large log of douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) in a pacific northwest stream. scanning electron microscopy, plate counts, and degradation of [c]lignocelluloses prepared from douglas fir and incubated with samples of wood taken from the surface and within the log revealed that most of the microbial colonization and lignocellulose-degrading activity occurred on the surface. labeled lignocellulose and s ...	1983	16346448
biotechnology of forest yield.	silvicultural and genetic manipulation of douglas fir and loblolly pine plantations have increased their productivity 70 and 300 percent, respectively, over natural forests on the same sites. yet these intensively managed plantations are achieving less than 50 percent of their potential productivity. future increases in yield will result from optimization of nutritional treatments, control of noncrop vegetation, and advances in tree breeding and tissue culture techniques.	1983	17814031
histopathology and host range studies of the redwood nematode rhizonema sequoiae.	second-stage larvae of rehizonma sequoiae cid del prado vera et al. tunnel through the cortex of the redwood sequoia sempervirens (d. don) endl. root to the vascular tissue where each developing female induces a single ovoid or occasionally spherical giant cell with a single ovoid to spherical nucleus containing one to four enlarged nucleoli. nematode tunnels are filled with a gel material and often contain second-stage larvae and males. there is tissue necrosis around females, and cortical tiss ...	1984	19295877
autumn stomatal closure in six conifer species of the central rocky mountains.	environmental and water relations parameters during fall were monitored for six conifer tree species common to the central rocky mountains growing naturally at the same location (pinus contorta, pinus ponderosa, pinus flexilus, pseudotsuga menziesii, abies lasiocarpa, picea engelmannii). subsequent to what appeared to be the beginning of seasonal stomatal closure, leaf conductance to water vapor declined sharply following the onset of freezing air temperatures at night. a coincident rapid declin ...	1984	28311019
douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii)-spruce budworm (choristoneura occidentalis) interactions: the effect of nutrition, chemical defenses, tissue phenology, and tree physical parameters on budworm success.	measurements of foliage quality, physiological, and phenological condition of sample trees were used as independent variables in multiple correlation analyses to determine their effect on female and male spruce budworm larval dry weights. female budworm from trees high in foliar concentrations of beta-pinene, myrcene and total nitrogen weighed less than those from trees lacking these characteristics. male budworm from trees high in foliar concentrations of alpha-pinene, myrcene, terpinolene, cit ...	1984	28310739
flavan-3-ol biosynthesis : the conversion of (+)-dihydroquercetin and flavan-3,4-cis-diol (leucocyanidin) to (+)-catechin by reductases extracted from cell suspension cultures of douglas fir.	extracts of cell suspension cultures from douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) needles catalyzed the production of (+)-catechin (2,3-trans flavan-3-o1) from the 2,3-trans-flavan,3,4-cis-diol (leucocyanidin) in a nadph-dependent reductase reaction at ph 7.4. catechin was also produced, along with the 3,4-cis-diol, in a double step reduction from (+)-dihydroquercetin. it was necessary to eliminate any thiol such as 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol from the extract or assay mixture because these ...	1984	16663794
a comparison of methods for determining compartmental analysis parameters.	the traditional method for determining compartmental analysis parameters relies on a visual selection of data points to be used for regression of data from each cellular compartment. this method is appropriate when the compartments are kinetically discrete and are easily discernible. however, where treatment effects on compartment parameters are being evaluated, a more objective method for determining initial parameters is desirable.three methods were examined for determining initial isotopic co ...	1984	16663970
mycorrhizal effects on potassium fluxes by northwest coniferous seedlings.	in ectomycorrhizae, the relative abilities of mycobiont and host plant to take up and store inorganic nutrients are not easily determined due to the intimate physical relationship of the two components forming the association. since compartmental analysis of solute elution can estimate cellular compartment pool sizes and unidirectional fluxes across membranes, we have used this method to study ectomycorrhizal coniferous roots. rubidium-86, used as a tracer for potassium, was loaded into and elut ...	1984	16663971
alterations in the antibacterial properties of rabbit pulmonary macrophages exposed to wood smoke.	we studied the local response of the bronchoalveolar cell population after acute exposure to smoke from pyrolysis of douglas fir wood. cell viability experiments and function of the pulmonary macrophages were assessed, including adherence to surfaces, bacterial phagocytosis, and the intracellular bactericidal process. the smoke-exposed group (n=23) when compared with control animals (n=15) produced a significantly greater total cell yield (p less than 0.01) on bronchoalveolar lavage. there was n ...	1984	6422813
evaluation of the pulmonary effects of wood smoke in guinea pigs by repeated co2 challenges.	male, english smooth haired guinea pigs were exposed to thermal decomposition products, i.e., smoke, generated by heating douglas fir in an open system. various amounts of douglas fir were placed in a furnace, at room temperature, and heated at a rate of 11 degrees c/min until completely decomposed. major decomposition occurred between 160 and 490 degrees c, and the animals were exposed during this time for a period of 30 min. immediately before exposure and at various times after exposure, each ...	1984	6431640
rabbit lung after acute smoke inhalation. cellular responses and scanning electron microscopy.	the cellular responses in the lungs of rabbits and the morphologic features of the tracheobronchial tree by scanning electron microscopy were examined 24 hours following acute inhalation of douglas fir wood smoke. thermal injury to the upper airway was excluded. injury to proximal tracheal lining cells was severe and consisted of loss of the epithelium. the changes of the epithelial barrier in the proximal major bronchi were less severe in nature. however, the alterations observed by scanning el ...	1984	6743013
inactivation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus subgroup a) by monochromatic uv radiation.	monochromatic radiation at wavelengths of 290, 300, 310, and 320 nm inactivated occluded nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the douglas-fir tussock moth, orgyia pseudotsugata (mcdunnough). data indicate that all of the wavelengths are capable of causing virus inactivation; much greater fluences are needed for virus inactivation as the wavelength increases.	1985	3888111
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins for genetic studies in douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii).	a method of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from douglas fir needles is described. extraction in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and 2-mercaptoethanol followed by heating at 100 degrees c produces reliable two-dimensional gels which are convenient for genetic studies. three genotypes from different geographical origins have been compared: among 225 loci expressed, 22 display regulatory variations and 7 show allelic variations. thus it is now possible to undertake the ...	1985	4015617
flavan-3-ol biosynthesis : the conversion of (+)-dihydromyricetin to its flavan-3,4-diol (leucodelphinidin) and to (+)-gallocatechin by reductases extracted from tissue cultures of ginkgo biloba and pseudotsuga menziesii.	extracts of callus or cell suspension cultures from petioles of ginkgo biloba catalyzed the production of (+)-gallocatechin (2,3-trans-3,5,7,3',4',5'-hexahydroxy-flavan) from (+)-dihydromyricetin (5'-hydroxy-dihydroquercetin) along with the expected 3,4-cis-diol intermediate, leucodelphinidin, in a nadph-dependent double-step reductase reaction at ph 7.4. the latter diol, isolated from the above incubation mixture, produced (+)-gallocatechin in a nadph-dependent reaction. extracts from tissue cu ...	1985	16664326
cellulase and other polymer-hydrolyzing activities of trichomitopsis termopsidis, a symbiotic protozoan from termites.	crude extracts of the anaerobic, cellulolytic protozoan trichomitopsis termopsidis possessed endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and cellobiase activities, as evidenced by hydrolytic action on carboxymethyl cellulose and cellobiose, respectively. cell extracts also hydrolyzed microcrystalline cellulose. hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose displayed optima at ph 5 and at 30 degrees c, and glucose was the sole product liberated. cellulolytic activities of t. termopsidis appeared to be entirely cell assoc ...	1985	16346755
impact of nitrogen and phosphorus on [c]lignocellulose decomposition by stream wood microflora.	nutritional and physical factors affecting the decomposition of [c]lignocellulose prepared from douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) were examined by incubating the labeled substrate with homogenized surface wood scrapings obtained from a douglas fir log in a pacific northwest stream. incubations were conducted in distilled water, in stream water collected from four different sources, or in a defined mineral salts solution with or without supplemental n (kno(3)). decomposition rates of [c]lignoce ...	1985	16346784
nitrogen dynamics in stream wood samples incubated with [c]lignocellulose and potassium [n]nitrate.	surface wood samples obtained from a douglas fir log (pseudotsuga menziesii) in a pacific northwest stream were incubated in vitro with [c]lignocellulose in a defined mineral salts medium supplemented with 10 mg of n liter of n-labeled no(3) (50 atom% n). evolution of co(2), distribution and isotopic dilution of n, filtrate n concentrations, and the rates of denitrification, n(2) fixation, and respiration were measured at 6, 12, and 18 days of incubation. the organic n content of the lignocellul ...	1985	16346785
comparative quantitation of abscisic acid in plant extracts by gas-liquid chromatography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the avidin-biotin system.	in this report we describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the quantitation of abscisic acid (aba) in plant extracts. a microtitration plate is coated with an aba-protein complex. the aba, standard or sample, is then added to each well with a limiting quantity of rabbit anti-aba antibodies. during the following incubation period, antibodies bind either to free or to bound aba on the plates. after washing, bound antibodies are indirectly labelled in two steps by the means of biot ...	1985	24241618
effects of ph on lignin and cellulose degradation by streptomyces viridosporus.	lignocellulose degradation by streptomyces viridosporus results in the oxidative depolymerization of lignin and the production of a water-soluble lignin polymer, acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (appl). the effects of the culture ph on lignin and cellulose metabolism and appl production by s. viridosporus are reported. dry, ground, hot-water-extracted corn (zea mays) lignocellulose was autoclaved in 1-liter reagent bottles (5 g per bottle) and inoculated with 50-ml volumes of s. viridosporus c ...	1986	16347124
comparison of proanthocyanidins and related compounds in leaves and leaf-derived cell cultures of ginkgo bioloba l., pseudotsuga menziesii franco, and ribes sanguineum pursh.	proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, and their flavanoid precursors in leaves and leaf-derived callus and cell suspension cultures have been isolated and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with c(18) columns, paper chromatography, and by chemical and spectrophotometric methods. cultures of ginkgo biloba and pseudotsuga menziesii (douglas-fir) produced much greater amounts of proanthocyanidins than leaves per milligram dry weight. in cultures, however, the prodelphinidin component rel ...	1986	16665147
douglas-fir and western larch: chemical and physical properties in relation to douglas-fir bark beetle attack.	frequency of douglas-fir bark beetle, dendroctonus pseudotsugae hopkins (coleoptera: scolytidae), attack on western larch (lark occidentalis nutt.) was negatively correlated with 3-carene content of the xylem oleoresin. concentrations of all oleoresin volatiles from stem cores of standing trees were higher in douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco) than in western larch with the single exception of 3-carene. successful brood production by the douglas-fir bark beetle in standing trees ...	1986	14975882
effects of pretreatment conditions on ammonium and nitrate uptake by douglas-fir seedlings.	effects of pretreatment solutions containing varying concentrations of calcium, potassium, ammonium and nitrate were evaluated by measuring fluxes of the same ions during a subsequent 4-hour uptake by douglas-fir seedlings. maximal rate of ammonium uptake (11 microeq g(-1) root dry weight h(-1)) was about 5 times faster than that of nitrate (2 microeq g(-1) root dry weight h(-1)). ammonium uptake was most rapid after pretreatment with low potassium levels and was unaffected by ammonium pretreatm ...	1986	14975890
evaluation of transpiration in a douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements.	transpiration of a douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco) stand was evaluated by sap flow measurements during a 4-month period. between-tree variation in sap flow depended on crown class. on a sunny day, total transpiration was 1.6, 8.0 and 22.0 liters day(-1) for suppressed, codominant and dominant trees, respectively. transpiration estimated by sap flow fell below potential evapotranspiration when available soil water decreased below 30% of its maximum value. sap flow measurements ...	1987	14975915
alteration of cell-wall water content and elasticity in douglas-fir during periods of water deficit.	three populations of seedlings of douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii [mirb.] franco) were subjected to recurrent drought cycles. pressure-volume curves were developed to derive the osmotic and pressure potentials as functions of the symplastic water over a wide range of relative water content. the drought cycles induced large reversible changes in the relative water content of the apoplasm and in the bulk modulus of elasticity. these responses have not been reported previously in any species of ...	1987	16665260
structure of plant cell walls : xix. isolation and characterization of wall polysaccharides from suspension-cultured douglas fir cells.	the partial purification and characterization of cell wall polysaccharides isolated from suspension-cultured douglas fir (pseudotsuga menziesii) cells are described. extraction of isolated cell walls with 1.0 m licl solubilized pectic polysaccharides with glycosyl-linkage compositions similar to those of rhamnogalacturonans i and ii, pectic polysaccharides isolated from walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells. treatment of licl-extracted douglas fir walls with an endo-alpha-1,4-polygalacturo ...	1987	16665304
biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid by the pine ectomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius.	previous work has indicated that anatomical and morphological changes (stunting and dichotomy) in roots of various conifers may be influenced by plant-growth-regulating substances secreted by mycorrhizae. indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) has been tentatively identified as a major auxin produced by some selected ectomycorrhizae. we report the isolation and detection of iaa as a secondary metabolite from pisolithus tinctorius by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), e ...	1987	16347506
responses of the western spruce budworm to varying levels of nitrogen and terpenes.	an agar diet study using western spruce budworm populations from idaho and new mexico was carried out to determine the effects of varying concentrations of nitrogen, beta-pinene, and bornyl acetate on larval growth and survival. increased availability of nitrogen resulted in increased larval growth rate and survival to the adult stage. larval growth rates from the idaho population were higher on the high-nitrogen diet than were growth rates from the new mexico population. the high level of beta- ...	1987	28312304
gas exchange and dry matter allocation responses to elevation of atmospheric co(2) concentration in seedlings of three tree species.	photosynthetic rates of 13-month-old pinus radiata d. don, nothofagus fusca (hook f.) ørst. and pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco seedlings grown and measured at elevated atmospheric concentrations of co(2) (~620 microl l(-1)) were 32 to 55% greater than those of seedlings grown and measured at ambient (~310 microl l(-1)) concentrations of co(2). seedlings grown in ambient and elevated concentrations of co(2) had similar rates of photosynthesis when measured at ~620 microl l(-1) co(2), but wh ...	1987	14975812