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new tricks for old dogs: countering antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis with host-directed therapeutics.despite the availability of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) drugs for over 50 years, tuberculosis (tb) remains at pandemic levels. new drugs are urgently needed for resistant strains, shortening duration of treatment, and targeting different stages of the disease, especially for treatment during human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. one solution to the conundrum that antibiotics kill the bacillus yet select for resistance is to target the host rather than the pathogen. here, we discuss rec ...025703571
induction and regulation of t-cell immunity by the novel tuberculosis vaccine m72/as01 in south african adults.tuberculosis (tb) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, thus there is an urgent need for novel tb vaccines.023306546
c-type lectins with a sweet spot for mycobacterium tuberculosis.the pattern of receptors sensing pathogens onto host cells is a key factor that can determine the outcome of the infection. this is particularly true when such receptors belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors involved in immunity. mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis interacts with a wide range of pattern-recognition receptors present on phagocytes and belonging to the toll-like, nod-like, scavenger and c-type lectin receptor families. a complex scenario ...024466434
immune response to immunodominant mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen esat-6 derived peptide is hla-haplotype dependent.the antigenic proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) have been defined. we used synthetic peptides of secreted antigens, early secreted antigenic target 6 (esat-6) and cultural filtrate protein-10 (cfp-10), of mtb and characterized the immune response in context of hla genes. humanized mice lacking endogenous class ii molecules but expressing various human dr and dq hla transgenes singly or as a haplotype were used to study the hla-mediated immune response to peptides. our observations sho ...025664343
infectious complications after liver transplantation.orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) is the standard of care for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. more than 6000 liver transplants are performed annually in the united states. high patient and graft survival rates have been achieved in great part due to the availability of potent immunosuppressive agents. systemic immunosuppression has rendered the liver recipient susceptible to de novo infections as well as reactivation of preexisting laten ...027134589
therapeutic effect of farnesylthiosalicylic acid on adjuvant-induced arthritis through suppressed release of inflammatory cytokines.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pronounced inflammation and leucocyte infiltration in affected joints. despite significant therapeutic advances, a new targeted approach is needed. our objective in this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the ras inhibitor farnesylthiosalicylic acid (fts) on adjuvant-induced arthritis (aia) in rats, an experimental model for ra. following aia induction in lewis rats by intradermal injection of heat-killed m ...024215151
collagen-induced arthritis: a model for murine autoimmune arthritis.collagen-induced arthritis (cia) is a common autoimmune animal model used to study rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the development of cia involves infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the joint, as well as t and b cell responses to type ii collagen. in murine cia, genetically susceptible mice (dba/1j) are immunized with a type ii bovine collagen emulsion in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), and receive a boost of type ii bovine collagen in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) 21 days after ...026539560
standardization of an experimental model suitable for studies on the effect of exercise on arthritis.to standardize an experimental model of chronic monoarthritis induced by complete freund's adjuvant appropriate for the analysis of the effect of walking on nociception and on joint edema.023579748
effect of honey bee venom on lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model for multiple sclerosis.multiple sclerosis (ms) is a progressive and autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (cns). this disease is recognized through symptoms like inflammation, demyelination and the destruction of neurological actions. experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is a widely accepted animal model for ms. eae is created in animals by injecting the tissue of myelin basic protein (mbp), cns, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) along with the adjuvant. eae and ms are ...024250492
tuberculosis-associated death among adult wild boars, spain, 2009-2014.we investigated adult eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) survival and death in 2 tuberculosis-endemic populations with different harvest pressure in spain. overall, tuberculosis accounted for 30% of total deaths. increased survival in protected areas has direct implications for wild boar management and tuberculosis control.027869587
some remarks on ehrlich and gibbes's methods for the detection of bacillus tuberculosis. 188220750357
a new stain for bacillus tuberculosis. 189819600816
the branched form of the bacillus tuberculosis in sputum. 189819866876
on the action of some essential oils and other volatile substances on the growth of the bacillus tuberculosis and in the treatment of phthisis. 189920758290
bio-chemical studies on the bacillus tuberculosis. 190119971409
a study of the variation in virulence of the bacillus tuberculosis in man: (abstract presentation.). 190119971411
observations on the morphology of bacillus tuberculosis from human and bovine sources. 190319971576
report of committee on bacillus tuberculosis in man and animals. 190319601142
studies on tuberculous serums and the bacteriolysis of bacillus tuberculosis. 190419971636
on the bio-chemistry of the bacillus tuberculosis: second communication. 190419971640
report of the committee on the bacillus tuberculosis in man and animals. 190519601162
the growth of the bacillus tuberculosis and other micro-organisms in varying percentages of oxygen. 190916742138
the function of the spleen in the experimental infection of albino mice with bacillus tuberculosis.infection of rats and mice with bacillus tuberculosis (bovine type) develops a splenic tumor as a typical lesion. removal of the spleen from mice (albino) greatly increases their resistance to the infection. this increased resistance cannot be explained at present. the infection in the splenectomized mice tends to remain localized as contrasted with an almost septicemic type of disease which is usual in the normal animal. the animals of each group that live more than thirty days are apt to prese ...191419867757
the function of the spleen in the experimental infection of albino mice with bacillus tuberculosis : second paper.the resistance to an infection with the tubercle bacillus which can be given to mice by the removal of the spleen is lost when fresh spleen, either of mouse or sheep, is added to the diet. the logical conclusion that splenic function in its relation to the specific infection is restored by feeding spleen cannot, however, be drawn; because, in the first place, the character of the disease in the splenectomized spleen-fed animals differs somewhat from that in intact animals; and, secondly, because ...191519867852
the function of the spleen in the experimental infection of albino mice with bacillus tuberculosis : third paper.experiments are reported which show that in all probability the increased resistance to tuberculous infection which is imparted to mice by the removal of the spleen is a consequence of the loss of a function of the organ. this function can be restored by the feeding of fresh spleen. for the present we attribute these changes to the removal and restoration, as the case may be, of a particular substance for which the designation tuberculosplenatin is suggested. this substance is assumed to be rela ...191519867922
the influence of certain organic substances on the growth of the tubercle bacillus.the power of a large number of aniline dyes to restrain the growth of bacillus tuberculosis and bacillus typhosus has been determined. many substances have been found with especial restraining power for the tubercle bacillus under the conditions of the test. this capacity to restrain growth in the case of the tubercle bacillus apparently bears no simple relation to true disinfectant action. opinion as to whether the active substances exert a truly specific activity against the tubercle bacillus ...191719868100
the bacillus tuberculosis: its morphological and pathological characteristics. 192020891803
the complement fixation reaction as applied to leprosy.by means of a method differing in important details from those of previous investigators it has been determined that the blood serum of cases of leprosy exhibits the ability to fix complement with a wide variety of antigens including to a greater or less extent those derived from any culture of the acid-fast group of bacteria available to us. this property of multiple fixation may sufficiently characterize the disease to be of diagnostic significance, although our experience is hardly sufficient ...192319868785
direct cultivation of the mycobacterium tuberculosis. 192518011589
allergic irritability : iii. the influence of chronic infections and of trypan blue on the formation of specific antibodies.1. the allergic irritability of the guinea pig (capacity of the animal to react to antigenic substances) is increased by infection with bacillus abortus and a streptococcus, by the dead tubercle bacillus, and by intensive treatment with trypan blue, respectively. the effect of these influences, while definite, is less pronounced than that previously found for infection with the tubercle bacillus. the production of anti-sheep hemolytic amboceptor was used as the test reaction in these cases. 2. t ...192619869120
susceptibility of the gopher (citellus tridecemlineatus) to mycobacterium tuberculosis. 193119969954
the pathological changes following experimental exposure of dogs to mycobacterium tuberculosis of avian origin. 193119969955
the induced development of non-acid-fast forms of bacillus tuberculosis and other myco-bacteria.six strains of mycobacteria,-three human strains, saranac h-37, t. s., and no. 90, a bovine strain, b-1, a smegma strain, no. 74, and a saranac strain of b. phlei,-have been made to grow as non-acid-fast organisms by the addition to the culture media of a filtered extract of the chromogenic h-37 strain of b. tuberculosis. the action of the extract produced acceleration of growth of the treated culture, followed by macroscopic and microscopic changes, and differentiation into non-acid-fast forms. ...193219870075
phenomenon of local skin reactivity to bacillus tuberculosis : i. skin-preparatory and reacting potencies of tuberculin, o.t., and bacillus tuberculosis culture filtrates.new toxic substances in certain tuberculin, o.t., and b. typhosus culture filtrates are described. these substances are capable of eliciting the hemorrhagic necrosis characteristic of the phenomenon of local skin reactivity provided heterologous bacterial filtrates of high potency are used either for the intradermal or the intravenous injection. the toxic substances apparently have no relationship to the tuberculin substances proper. the experiments with inactive preparations also demonstrate in ...193519870365
the types of mycobacterium tuberculosis prevailing in montreal : (an interim report). 193620320444
inhibitory action of colloidal sulphur in corper's agar on the growth of four strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis. 193618014482
effectiveness of hot hypochlorites of low alkalinity in destroying mycobacterium tuberculosis. 193616559929
glycerol and carbohydrate utilization by mycobacterium tuberculosis. 193616559976
the relation between the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the yield of tuberculin on synthetic media. 193716560014
infection of adult cattle with mycobacterium tuberculosis avium. 194120475596
the history of six old cultures of mycobacterium tuberculosis. 194120475608
the influence of sulfanilamide upon the yellow pigment formed by mycobacterium tuberculosis from p-aminobenzoic acid. 194416560821
a yellow pigment formed from p-aminobenzoic acid by mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis. 194416560840
inhibition of growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis by a mold. 194417817564
[not available]. 194520292247
[not available]. 194520292248
[not available]. 194520292252
[not available]. 194521013553
[not available]. 194520986318
tubercle bacilluria. 194521005401
activity of helvolic acid against mycobacterium tuberculosis. 194521006490
antibiotic substances active against m. tuberculosis. 194521007941
[not available]. 194521012665
inhibition of growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis by a mold product. 194517740753
an antibiotic substance active against mycobacterium tuberculosis. 194517799206
the tuberculostatic action of the sodium salts of certain synthetic alicyolic acids. 194621013262
determination of pathogenicity of tubercle bacilli by their intermediate metabolism. 194621008765
inhibition of growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis by a mold product; the effect on pathogenic human tubercle bacilli. 194621012224
[not available]. 194620989746
laboratory aids in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. 194620991069
vaccination with the vole bacillus (wells); protective value of percutaneous and intracutaneous vaccination; observations on multiple puncture vaccination on man. 194620995858
a study of the relationship of resistance, allergy, antibody and tissue reactivity in tuberculosis to the components of the tubercle bacillus. 194621000309
the effect of para-amino-salicylic acid in vitro and in vivo on virulent human type tubercle bacilli. 194621002634
detection of tubercle bacilli by the fluorescence technique. 194621003293
cultural examination for mycobacterium tuberculosis; results in a public health laboratory over a four-year period. 194621016352
effect of some fatty acids on the oxygen uptake of mycobact. tubercul.hum. in relation to their bactericidal action. 194621017939
susceptibility of the golden hamster (cricetus auratus) to mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis and bovis. 194621023168
the effects of (a) freeze-drying and (b) low temperature on the viability of mycobacterium tuberculosis. 194621023169
a nucleoprotein from avian tubercle bacilli. 194621026223
isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis from gastric contents neutralized after varying periods. 194621027326
the influence of streptomycin and promin on the proliferation of tubercle bacilli in the tissues of the albino rat. 194620983213
immunization with the vole bacillus; the protective value of the vole bacillus (wells) as compared with bcg against tuberculous infection. 194620984406
vole bacillus; susceptibility of south african wild rodents to the vole strain of acid-fast bacillus and to other acid-fast bacilli; preliminary report. 194620984407
virulence of tubercle bacilli; in vitro testing by the use of diphtheria antitoxin. 194620984413
[not available]. 194620986215
a comparison of various egg media for the routine isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis. 194621065048
inhibition of mycobacterium tuberculosis by garlic extract. 194621066575
[not available]. 194620278826
synthesis of b-complex vitamins by tubercle bacilli when grown on synthetic media. 194620286146
the relationship of acquired resistance, allergy, antibodies and tissue reactivities to the components of the tubercle bacillus. 194620286147
the effect of water soluble lipids on the growth and biological properties of tubercle bacilli. 194620274625
the relation between chemical structure of sulfones and their bacteriostatic activity. 194620274636
a comparison of the effect of p-amino phenyl sulfone compounds in vitro and in vivo on tubercle bacilli. 194620274637
the tubercle bacillus and fundamental chemotherapeutic and antibiotic action. 194620275719
on the nature of two carboxylic acids of high molecular weight obtained from the waxes of acid-fast bacteria. 194620276126
report of the committee on evaluation of laboratory procedures [american trudeau society]. 194620279516
growth inhibition of tubercle bacilli by fusariun, sp. 194620281110
the effect of penicillin on the tubercle bacillus. 194620283086
the effect of penicillin on the growth of human type m. tuberculosis. 194620283087
the use of mice in the examination of drugs for chemotherapeutic activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. 194620283100
evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis. 194620341443
[not available]. 194620296700
[not available]. 194620297325
[not available]. 194620294007
[bacilli-status of tuberculosis in very young children]. 194620290690
[not available]. 194620246654
[not available]. 194620249334
inhibition of growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis by a mold product--the effect on pathogenic human tubercle bacilli. 194617784178
streptomycin sensitivity of tubercle bacilli; studies on recently isolated tubercle bacilli and the development of resistance to streptomycin in vivo. 194720253121
streptomycin resistant strains of tubercle bacilli; production of streptomycin resistance in vitro. 194720253122
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