Publications

ehrlichia canis infections in dogs on aruba (netherlands antilles).		1957	13428628
studies on ehrlichia canis (syn. rickettsia canis).		1959	13670021
the coyote, a potential host for babesia canis and ehrlichia sp.		1964	14215497
ehrlichia-like rickettsiosis in dogs in oklahoma and its relationship to neorickettsia helminthoeca.		1966	5913043
[on the localization of cowdria ruminantium in the bronchial epithelium].		1966	6011928
ehrlichia ovina infection.		1968	5761408
ehrlichia canis--the causative agent of a haemorrhagic disease of dogs?		1969	5356929
tropical canine pancytopaenia and ehrlichia canis infection.		1970	5442103
[preservation of a cowdria ruminantium strain by freezing].		1970	5534034
pathogenesis of heartwater. i. cowdria ruminantium in the lymph nodes of domestic ruminants.		1970	4115310
electron microscopy of cowdria (rickettsia) ruminantium (cowdry, 1926) in the endothelial cells of the vertebrate host.		1970	4115395
epizootiology of tropical canine pancytopenia.	tropical canine pancytopenia (tcp) is a newly recognized infectious disease of dogs in diverse tropical and subtropical areas. the disease is characterized by hemorrhage, pancytopenia, severe emaciation and persistent infection. dogs with tcp are often presented with epistaxis, which is the most dramatic sign of the disease; however, a large number of affected dogs develop severe pancytopenia and die without manifesting clinical signs of hemorrhage. the disease has been reported most frequently ...	1970	16512116
diagnosis of tropical canine pancytopaenia (ehrlichia canis infection) by immunofluorescence.		1971	4104331
tropical canine pancytopenia: in vitro cultivation of the causative agent--ehrlichia canis.		1971	4107760
a new strain of ehrlichia canis.		1971	5128792
studies on ehrlichia canis.		1971	5148310
the passage of cowdria ruminantium in mice.		1971	5161403
relation between carrier-state oxytetracycline administration and immunity in ehrlichia canis infections.		1972	5041029
ehrlichia canis and tropical canine pancytopaenia.		1972	5072572
serological diagnosis of tropical canine pancytopenia by indirect immunofluorescence.	an indirect fluorescent-antibody test for detection and titration of antibodies to ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of tropical canine pancytopenia, has been described. the organism propagated by an in vitro technique in canine blood monocytes served as an antigen in the test. the specificity of the test was revealed by absence of cross-reactivity between the antigen and sera from dogs infected with various common pathogens and specific sera against eight rickettsial species. the accuracy of ...	1972	4118045
structure of ehrlichia canis in blood monocytes of a dog.		1972	4641202
the effect of prolonged oral administration of oxytetracycline on the course of heartwater (cowdria ruminantium) infection in sheep.		1972	4671467
a comparative study of the pathogenicities of old and new world strains of ehrlichia canis.		1972	4671480
red and gray foxes--potential reservoir hosts for ehrlichia canis.		1973	4735125
ultrastructure of ehrlichia canis.	the ultrastructure of ehrlichia canis was examined in both pulmonary mononuclear cells and in monocytes cultured from an infected dog. the cytoplasmic inclusions, or morulae, of e. canis consisted of a membrane-lined vacuole-containing elementary bodies which varied in size and number. the elementary bodies were bound by two trilamellar membranes. the organism shared morphological properties of both the genus rickettsia and genus chlamydia.	1973	4735376
ehrlichia canis infection. (tropical canine pancytopaenia or canine rickettsiosis).		1973	4787762
pathology of canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia).		1973	4542936
canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia): survival of phosphorus-32-labeled blood platelets in normal and infected dogs.		1974	4813322
tropical canine pancytopenia: clinical, hematologic, and serologic response of dogs to ehrlichia canis infection, tetracycline therapy, and challenge inoculation.		1974	4140878
relationship of ehrlichia canis-infected mononuclear cells to blood vessels of lungs.	the lung tissue of six dogs with ehrlichiosis and two control dogs was examined with the electron microscope. mononuclear cells containing inclusions (morulae) of ehrlichia canis were adhered at one or more sites to the luminal surfaces of endothelial cells of arterioles or capillaries by way of interdigitations or areas of adherence, or an endothelial cell-bound mononuclear cell was chained to another parasitized or nonparasitized mononuclear cell in the lumen. the bifurcation of arterioles was ...	1974	4372174
multiplication of cowdria ruminantium in monolayer of tick cells.		1974	4527902
four cases of naturally-occurring canine ehrlichiosis.		1975	1041641
isolation in illinois of a foreign strain of ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia).	ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) was diagnosed in illinois in a 4 1/2-year-old mixed breed dog that had spent the previous 2 years in india. the dog had periodic epistaxis, anemia, leukopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. a titer of 1:160 for ehrlichia canis was detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). subinoculation of blood into a clinically normal dgo resulted in typical signs of canine ehrlichiosis, and e canis was identified in circulating mononu ...	1975	1112743
experimentally induced infection of dogs, cats, and nonhuman primates with ehrlichia equi, etiologic agent of equine ehrlichiosis.	dogs (german shepherd dogs and beagles), cates, rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), and baboons (papio anubis) were inoculated with whrlichia equi, the etiologic agent of equine ehrlichiosis. within 3 to 7 days after inoculation, morulae were observed in the eosinophils of cats, neurtrophils of macaques and baboons, and in both neutrophils and eosinophils of dogs. the severe disease produced in horses by this agent was not a feature of e equi infection in dogs, cats, macaques, and baboons. however ...	1975	1115421
platelet kinetics in canine ehrlichiosis: evidence for increased platelet destruction as the cause of thrombocytopenia.	a significant (p < 0.025) increase in the mean platelet diameter occurred in five ehrlichia canis-infected dogs when platelet numbers decreased to 100,000/mul or less. maximal incorporation of [(75)se]selenomethionine into platelets of six uninfected dogs was 0.080 +/- 0.019% (mean +/- standard error) and occurred 5 to 6 days after dosage, whereas maximal incorporation was 0.036 +/- 0.004% within 2 to 3 days after dosage in seven chronically infected dogs that had thrombocytopenia. analysis of t ...	1975	1140846
transmission of ehrlichia canis to dogs by ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus).	two strains of rhipicephalus sanguineus acquired ehrlichia canis by feeding as either larvae or nymphs on acutely infected dogs and, in subsequent instars, transmitted the agent to normal dogs. three strains of r sanguineus transmitted e canis as adults after their larval and nymphal stages fed on infected dogs. more than 400 adult female ticks were fed on infected dogs as larvae or nymphs or both, but none transmitted e canis transovarially.	1975	1147359
ehrlichia canis infection in a dog in virginia.		1975	1150498
preservation of cowdria ruminantium at low termperatures.	a nigerian isolate of cowdria ruminantium was rapidly frozen with or without 10 per cent dimethyl sulphoxide at -85 degrees c and -196 degrees c. all animals inoculated with the frozen stabilates died of heartwater fever.	1975	1215687
canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) in thailand.	an epizootic of canine ehrlichiosis has occurred in military working dogs in thailand. during the epizootic, 161 cases of ehrlichiosis were identified serologically in a population of 316 dogs, and 54 dogs exhibited clinical signs of disease. the epizootic is being controlled by elimination of ticks, by serologic identification and treatment of carriers with 30 mg/lb body weight/day of tetracycline for 14 days, and by continuous daily prophylactic administration of 3 mg/lb body weight/day of tet ...	1975	1226540
pathogenesis of bovine petechial fever. latent infections, immunity, and tissue distribution of cytocetes ondiri.		1975	1237502
kinetics of antibody response to ehrlichia canis assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody method.	the kinetics of antibody production response to experimentally induced infection of dogs with ehrlichia canis was determined by ion-exchange and molecularsieve chromatography and by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. the first ifa antibody at 7 days after inoculation resided in immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin a (iga) classes. at approximately 21 days after inoculation, the antibody was in igm, iga, and immunoglobulin g (igg) classes. thereafter, antibody concentrations continued ...	1975	49162
electron microscopy of cowdria ruminantium infected reticulo-endothelial cells of the mammalian host.	an electron microscopic study of structures suspected to represent a possible developmental cycle of cowdria ruminantium in reticulo-endothelial cells of mice and ruminants is reported. after infection dense bodies increase in size and undergo division to form fragmented dense bodies. these in turn apparently sub-divide and become organized to give rise to mature "organisms". in none of these structures do limiting membranes separate the parasitic inclusions from the host cell cytoplasm. present ...	1975	171605
laboratory diagnosis of viral and other infectious diseases.		1976	186928
development of ehrlichia canis, causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis, in the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus and its differentiation from a symbiotic rickettsia.	certain aspects of the development of ehrlichia canis, causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were studied. it was found that partial feeding of nymphs infected as larvae with e canis was a desirable, if not necessary, preliminary treatment for successful infection of dogs with ground-up ticks. it remains unclear whether feeding increased the number or altered the virulence of ehrlichiae within tick tissues. ehrlichia canis organis ...	1976	944000
attempted artificaial infection or impala, blue wildebeest, buffalo, kudu, giraffe and warthog with heartwater.	intravenous injection of cowdria ruminantium infected blood produced no sings of disease in four impala, aepyceros melampus; three blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus; a buffalo, syncerus caffer; a kudu, tragelaphus strepsiceros; a giraffe. giraffa camelopardalis and a warthog, phacochoerus aethiopicus. a control sheep injected with the same blood reacted severely and showed typical lesions of heartwater at autopsy.	1976	994140
identification of ehrlichia canis in east africa.	ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis or tropical canine pancytopaenia (tcp) has been identified in kenya. transmission studies to two dogs resulted in signs of ehrlichiosis including marked thrombocytopaenia, pyrexia, reduction in the packed cell volume and the presence of e canis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	1976	997191
separation and recombination of babesia divergens and ehrlichia phagocytophila from a field case of redwater from eire.	a blood sample received from a field case of redwater in eire caused simultaneous infections of babesia divergens and ehrlichia phagocytophila when inoculated into a splenectomised calf. each disease agent was isolated in a separate splenectomised calf by suppressive drug treatment of the other agent, and blood stabilates were made. the disease agents were inoculated synchronously or asychronously into groups of calves, whose reactions were observed. infection with b divergens had no effect on t ...	1976	1006962
preliminary observations on the use of the capillary flocculation test for the diagnosis of heartwater (cowdria ruminantium infection).	a capillary flocculation test was developed to diagnose heartwater disease of ruminants. antigen was prepared from the brains of cattle and goats highly infected with cowdria ruminantium. sera were obtained from experimentally infected ruminants which either recovered naturally or with the aid of oxytetracycline treatment. antibodies were first detected one to two weeks after clinical recovery or after treatment, and persisted for periods varying between one and four weeks. control sera collecte ...	1976	1030824
ultrastructural observations on ehrlichia equi organisms in equine granulocytes.	the ultrastructure of the etiological agent of equine ehrlichiosis, ehrlichia equi, was studied in equine peripheral leukocytes. the organisms occurred within membrane-lined cytoplasmic vacuoles of neutrophils and eosinophils. ovoid, round, and rod-shaped profiles were observed. from 1 to 33 organisms were present in a thin-section profile of a cytoplasmic vacuole. many cells contained multiple organism-containing vacuoles. the organisms had a cell wall and plasma membrane, and internally they c ...	1976	1248873
studies on theileriidae (sporozoa) in tanzania. i. tick transmission of haematoxenus veliferus.	haematoxenus veliferus was experimentally transmitted in cattle on two occasions by the tick amblyomma variegatum; transmission was transstadial, from nymph to adult. theileria mutans and cowdria ruminatium were transmitted at the same time. h. veliferus infected at least 15% of red cells in a splenectomized steer and 10% in a normal steer. one experiment on transstadial transmission from larva to nymph was unsuccessful.	1976	1258136
tick-borne diseases of domestic animals in northern nigeria. ii. research summary, 1966 to 1976.	during the first 10 years of its existence, the department of parasitology and entomology of the faculty of veterinary medicine, ahmadu bello university in zaria, nigeria, confirmed or described for the first time the occurrence of 25 different tick-borne parasites of domestic animals in the northern part of the country. most of these organisms occur as inapparent infections but may serve as complicating factors in any adverse host condition. the transmission of babesia bigemina by boophilus dec ...	1977	339447
the haematology of experimentally-induced b divergens and e phagocytophila infections in splenectomised calves.	an examination was made of the haematology of spenectomised calves experimentally infected with babesia divergens and ehrlichia phagocytophila, inoculated separately or simultaneously. animals infected with both pathogens had less marked changes in their haematology than those inoculated with either pathogen separately. this appeared to result from the early elimination of the more pathogenic babesia as ehrlichia spread through the granulocytes. the apparent suppression of babesia by ehrlichia w ...	1977	576085
the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus and the dog as experimental hosts of ehrlichia canis.	adult rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks efficiently transmitted ehrlichia canis to susceptible dogs for 155 days after detachment as engorged nymphs from a dog in the acute phase of ehrlichiosis. adult ticks that had similarly engorged on a dog in the chronic phase of ehrlichiosis failed to transmit e canis to susceptible dogs. infected but unfed adult ticks may be of greater importance than the chronically infected carrier dog as a natural reservoir of e canis.	1977	596693
tick borne fever in association with mucosal disease and cobalt deficiency in calves.	tick borne fever is considered to have played a major role in a complex disease syndrome involving mucosal disease and cobalt deficiency in a group of young calves reared on an upland farm in south west scotland. anaemia, illthrift, coat colour changes and scour were the main clinical signs.	1977	888311
prophylactic use of tetracycline for tropical canine pancytopenia.		1977	888316
autologous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against monocytes in canine ehrlichiosis.	the 51cr-release technique for detecting cytotoxicity had been adapted to immunologic studies of canine ehrlichiosis. lymphocytes from dogs infected with ehrlichia canis, cause of canine ehrlichiosis, were shown to be cytotoxic for autologous monocytes. the effect was dependent on the concentraton of lymphocytes, being optimal at 100:1 lymphocyte:monocyte ratio. neither immune serum and complement, nor anti-canine globulin had any observable effect on cytotoxicity. the monocytotoxicity bore a te ...	1977	931138
canine peritoneal macrophages: cultivation and infection with ehrlichia canis.	canine peritoneal macrophages were obtained by repeated peritoneal lavage of dogs at 14 day intervals. intraperitoneal administration of sterile mineral oil increased the leukocyte yield approximately 20-fold and the macrophage recovery approximately 35-fold. cell recovery was maximum 7 to 21 days after administration of oil and declined slightly by 35 days. restimulation with a 2nd injection of oil promptly revitalized cell recovery. peritoneal macrophage cultures were well established by 6 day ...	1977	931165
acute canine ehrlichiosis: platelet survival and factor 3 assay.	ten dogs experimentally inoculated with ehrlichia canis were thrombocytopenic 14 days after inoculation. circulating platelet concentrations had declined rapidly by postinoculation day 10, but remained at or slightly below the 14-day concentration during the remainder of the 42-day experimental period. the percentage of circulating megathrombocytes also increased to 8.7 times preinoculation concentrations indicating the existence of accelerated thrombocytopoiesis. the release of platelet factor ...	1977	931166
clinico-pathological study of heartwater in goats.	the clinico-pathological features of heartwater were studied in goats experimentally infected with a nigerian isolate of cowdria ruminantium. significant drop in haemoglobin values and marked leukopaenia caused by lymphopaenia and neutropaenia and a fall in total serum protein were observed during the course of the disease. a significant increase in the alpha-globulins and an apparent fall in the gamma-globulins also occurred. marked depletion of lymphocytes in the follicles of spleen and lymph ...	1978	77071
retrospective study of an ehrlichia canis epizootic around phoenix, arizona.	antibodies to ehrlichia canis were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 40 of 339 dogs (12%) examined from around phoenix, az, during 1975. the prevalence was higher in purebred and crossbred german shepherd dogs (21%), as compared with 8% in the remaining breeds. the difference in antibody prevalence between sexes was not significant. dogs 12 weeks to 13 years old were seropositive. the causative agent was isolated by inoculation of whole blood from a seropositive dog into a sus ...	1978	624663
heartwater in nigeria. ii. the isolation of cowdria ruminantium from live and dead animals and the importance of routes of inoculation.	a study was carried out to determine which materials from animals dying or dead of heartwater could initiate the disease in susceptible goats, using the intravenous and subcutaneous routes. c. ruminantium was consistently isolated by intravenous injection of the whole blood or of lung macrophages and by subcutaneous injection of brain homogenate. in animals dead of heartwater, it appeared that isolation of the organism was achieved only when extensive post-mortem autolysis had not supervened. ex ...	1978	625798
cyclic thrombocytopenia induced by a rickettsia-like agent in dogs.	hematologic manifestations and the ultrastructure of a platelet-specific microorganism isolated from a dog in florida were studied. the agent was readily transmitted experimentally to adult dogs by intravenous inoculation with infected blood. parasitemias and concomitant thrombocytopenias were cyclic in that both recurred within relatively constant periods of one to two weeks following experimental infections. hemorrhage was not a manifestation of the disease even though thrombocytopenias were s ...	1978	627738
effect of canine immune serum on the growth of ehrlichia canis within nonimmune canine macrophages.	the effect of canine immune serum (cis) on the growth of ehrlichia canis was studied in macrophage cultures derived from peripheral blood monocytes of normal dogs. ehrlichiae treated with canine normal serum and then introduced into normal macrophage cultures maintained in canine normal serum multiplied within the macrophages and destroyed them. immune serum, collected from e canis carrier dogs, suppressed ehrlichial growth in normal macrophages. an inverse relationship existed between the amoun ...	1978	629451
effect of canine immune macrophages and canine immune serum on the growth of ehrlichia canis.	the effect of canine immune macrophages and canine immune serum (cis) on the growth of ehrlichia canis was studied in vitro. treatment of e canis organisms with cis before they were inoculated into immune macrophage cultures, coupled with pre- and postinoculation maintenance of cultures in cis, suppressed macrophage infection rates to 1% or less. immune macrophages collected from e canis-carrier dogs and maintained in canine normal serum were more resistant to the intracellular growth of e canis ...	1978	629452
prophylactic and therapeutic use of tetracycline during an epizootic of ehrlichiosis among military dogs.	an epizootic of canine ehrlichiosis at the military working dog center, pakchong, thailand, was arrested by prophylactic and therapeutic use of tetracycline and by control of ticks. oral treatment with tetracycline (66 mg/kg of body weight daily for 14 days) effected remission of signs of disease in 60 of 62 clinically affected dogs and resulted in disappearance of serum antibody in 119 (60%) of 198 seropositive dogs treated during the 2-year study period. transmission of ehrlichia canis was int ...	1978	640933
isolation of a virulent strain of ehrlichia phagocytophila from the blood of cattle in the isle of man.	a blood sample from a cow in the isle of man caused a severe ehrlichia phagocytophila infection when inoculated into a splenectomised calf. the parasite was passaged successively into a further splenectomised calf and then into two intact animals. one of the splenectomised calves and one of the intact animals died of the infection which was characterised by causing a sustained febrile response apparently correlated with a marked invasion of monocytes by the rickettsiae.	1978	676008
the persistence of cowdria ruminantium in the blood of recovered animals.		1978	705896
some clinical and clinico-pathological findings in canine ehrlichiosis.		1978	728638
immune response of ponies to experimental infection with ehrlichia equi.	four ponies experimentally infected with ehrlichia equi developed substantial cell-mediated immune responses, as measured by the leukocyte migration-inhibition test. serum anti-e equi antibodies up to 1:1,280 were demonstrated by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. cell-mediated immune responses returned to a base-line value by day 200 after primary inoculation, but serum antibody titers persisted for at least 300 days after inoculation. two additional susceptible ponies, which were inoculat ...	1978	343663
platelet migration inhibtion as an indicator of immunologically mediated target cell injury in canine ehrlichiosis.	a platelet migration inhibition test was devised to determine the presence of antiplatelet activity in serum collected from experimentally produced and natural cases of canine ehrlichiosis. the maximum platelet migration inhibition effect was observed during the acute phase of the disease and before the appearance of specific humoral antibody, measured by the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. platelet migration inhibition may be one of the earliest events leading to pancytopenia. in most cases ...	1978	352929
ehrlichiosis in wolves, dogs, and wolf-dog crosses.	canine ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in wolves, dogs, and wolf-dog crosses at a small zoo in northcentral florida. five of 9 adult canids and all 8 pups confined to a common kennel died as a result of the infection. the epizootic was associated with a massive rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation. hematologic and pathologic findings in an adult wolf-dog cross that died were characteristic of canine ehrlichiosis. that animal and four other canids were seropositive for ehrlichia canis. no deaths occur ...	1979	521367
the detection of rickettsia-like microorganisms within the ovaries of female ixodes ricinus ticks.	an ultrastructural study of tick-borne fever (tbf)-infected ixodes ricinus ticks revealed the presence of rickettsia-like microorganisms within the ooplasm and the mitochondria of developing oocytes. these microorganisms are similar in appearance to the tbf agent and it is possible that although transovarial transmission of the tbf agent apparently does not occur, the rickettsiae are at least able to establish themselves in the ovaries of infected ticks.	1979	539071
the use of doxycycline in the treatment of canine ehrlichiosis.	the use of doxycycline in the treatment of twenty dogs with canine ehrlichiosis is described. the drug was found to be effective even in cases which did not respond to treatment with oxytetracycline.	1979	553959
the transmission of canine ehrlichiosis to the wild dog lycaon pictus (temminck) and black-backed jackal canis mesomelas schreber.	canine ehrlichiosis was successfully transmitted from the domestic dog to three wild dogs lycaon pictus and three black-backed jackals canis mesomelas. wild dogs showed symptoms of anorexia and depression as well as anaemia, leucopaenia and mild thrombocytopaenia. black-backed jackals were asymptomatic. morulae of ehrlichicia canis were found in peripheral blood smears from all experimental animals. the disease was also successfully transmitted from black-backed jackal to the domestic dog.	1979	553960
field experience with heartwater (cowdria ruminantium) in cattle.	observations are reported on 2743 animals immunised against heartwater since 1958. the methods of immunisation and control of reactions are discussed. this procedure is not without risk and 0,83% of the animals died in spite of treatment. bos indicus breeds appear to have a greater resistance to heartwater and are relatively easy to immunise. of the box taurus breeds the south devon, the jersey and the charolais seem to be particularly susceptible. older animals and pregnant cows are considered ...	1979	553971
investigations on the natural and acquired resistance of cattle to artificial infection with cowdria ruminantium.	sixty cattle, artificially immunized against c. ruminantium, were challenged 3, 6, 12 and 24 months later. levels of conglutinin were determined in pre-immunization serum samples. there appeared to be a relationship between the pre-infection levels of conglutinin and the susceptibility of the animals to heartwater: at the time of immunization 31 out of 60 cattle (51,6%) with levels in the low-titre range (1:100-1:160) showed a typical febrile response, whereas 29 (48,4%) with conglutinin levels ...	1979	553974
canine ehrlichiosis: the role of the spleen in protection against the disease.		1979	261003
positive ehrlichia canis serology in kawasaki disease.		1980	6103489
somatic cell hybrids of canine peritoneal macrophages and sv40-transformed human cells: derivation, characterization, and infection with ehrlichia canis.	somatic cell hybrids were obtained by fusion of canine peritoneal macrophages and sv40-transformed human skin fibroblasts. a cell line (wrh-2) was established from a single isolated hybrid clone. the wrh-2 cell line has been serially passaged 60 times and has a population doubling time of approximately 24 hours. karyotypic analysis showed the modal number of chromosomes to be 80, with a selective segregation of canine chromosomes. expression of incorporated canine dna was substantiated by cellul ...	1980	6245605
ehrlichiosis in an irish setter in mississippi: a case report.		1980	6900432
cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of german shepherd dogs and beagles to experimental infection with ehrlichia canis.	the cell-mediated and the humoral immune responses of 12 german shepherd dogs and 5 beagles inoculated with ehrlichia canis were evaluated. results indicated that specific and nonspecific immunosuppression due to e canis occurred in the german shepherd dogs. canine leukocyte migration-inhibition factor was successfully isolated and shown to be physically and functionally similar to human and guinea pig migration inhibition factor. of the german shepherd dogs, 58% developed positive cell-mediated ...	1980	6989300
a comparison of the efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate and tetracycline hydrochloride in the treatment of canine ehrlichiosis.	a comparison of the efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate solution and tetracycline hydrochloride in the treatment of naturally occurring ehrlichiosis of dogs presented at the university of nairobi small animal clinic was carried out. five to 7 mg per kg imidocarb dipropionate given intramuscularly twice at an interval of 14 days was as effective as 14 daily, oral doses of 66 mg per kg tetracycline hydrochloride in alleviating the clinical signs of disease. imidocarb eliminated the infection in 81 ...	1980	7210420
cowdria ruminantium (rickettsiales) in primary goat kidney cell cultures.	fresh or cryopreserved kidney tissue from goats suffering from heart water (cowdria ruminantium infection) was infective when inoculated intravenously into susceptible goats. primary kidney cell cultures were established from 14 goats reacting to c ruminantium infection; they were tested for infectivity by intravenous injection into susceptible goats after periods varying from five to 31 days. three cultures, five, 12 and 13 days old, induced heartwater in recipients. the other 11 cultures, vary ...	1980	7255901
a simple technique for the collection of brain samples for the diagnosis of heartwater.	a simple technique for the collection of brain samples for the post-mortem diagnosis of heartwater (cowdria ruminantium infection) is described. a sharp spoon (curette) or teaspoon and a knife are the only instruments required. after the head has been removed from the body a sample of cerebellar cortex is collected with the spoon through the foramen occipitale, thus obviating the need for opening the skull itself. this diagnostic technique appears to be as reliable as the convenient technique of ...	1980	7368317
serial propagation of ehrlichia canis in primary canine peripheral blood monocyte cultures.	cultures of primary canine monocytes were prepared from blood to which dextran (3%) had been added to enhance sedimentation of the erythrocytes. homogeneous populations of monocytes were observed by 5 days after seeding, and some cultures were maintained as long as 30 days. the monocyte cultures were used successfully for the serial passage of ehrlichia canis. after the 3rd passage, small intracytoplasmic inclusions of e canis were detected by 60 hrs after inoculation and greater than 90% of the ...	1980	7379552
the effects of tick-borne fever (ehrlichia phagocytophilia) on the growth rate of fattening cattle.		1980	7407538
canine ehrlichiosis.		1980	7440320
serum complement and blood platelet adhesiveness in acute canine ehrlichiosis.	three dogs inoculated with ehrlichia canis served as infected controls (group i), 3 dogs treated with cobra venom factor (cvf) after inoculation with e canis were the principals (group ii), 3 noninfected dogs were the noninfected controls (group iii), and 1 noninfected dog given cvf was the noninfected, decomplemented control (group iv). thrombocytopenia occurred in all e. canis-inoculated dogs (groups i and ii) within 3 weeks after they were inoculated. however, the severity of the thrombocytop ...	1980	7447122
[cowdriosis (heartwater) by cowdria ruminantium in ruminants of french indies (guadeloupe) and mascarene islands (la reunion and mauritius)].		1980	7455277
free-living jackals (canis mesomelas)-potential reservoir hosts for ehrlichia canis in kenya.	using a modified cell culture test, ehrlichia canis was found in eight of 15 free-living jackals (canis mesomelas) and 14 of 31 dogs owned by pastoral communities in the same areas of kenya. two cross-bred puppies inoculated with blood from infected jackals developed mild, transient clinical disease, and e. canis was recovered from the puppies. tick species found on the jackals were similar to those found on the infected dogs. ehrlichia canis was not found in eight spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocu ...	1980	7463598
acute experimental canine ehrlichiosis. i. sequential reaction of the hemic and lymphoreticular systems.	dogs with acute ehrlichia canis infection showed the established clinical features of acute ehrlichiosis and had thrombocytopenia, anemia, increased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity, and decreased total serum protein and albumin concentrations during the first weeks after infection, and increasing gamma globulin concentrations after the third week. gross lesions in hemic and lymphoreticular tissues were transient lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and increased red long-bone marrow. lym ...	1981	7467072
acute experimental canine ehrlichiosis. ii. sequential reaction of the hemic and lymphoreticular system of selectively immunosuppressed dogs.	the lymphoreticular response of dogs to ehrlichia canis infection was studied after immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide or antilymphocyte serum. immunosuppression did not increase mortality, nor did it prevent or significantly modify the clinical manifestations of acute ehrlichiosis. the clinical, hematologic and serum biochemical characteristics of acute ehrlichiosis appeared seven or more days later in immunosuppressed than in immunologically intact infected dogs. immunosuppressive ...	1981	7257081
some effects of 60co irradiation on cowdria ruminantium in its tick host amblyomma hebraeum koch (acarina: ixodidae).	an attempt was made to attenuate cowdria ruminantium by irradiation of the nymphal stage of its tick host, amblyomma hebraeum. the irradiated nymphs were homogenized and serial dilutions of the resultant suspension were injected intravenously into heartwater-susceptible sheep. no attenuation could be demonstrated but the results indicate that progressively more micro-organisms will be destroyed the higher the irradiation dosage applied, and that dosages between 20 and 30 kilorad apparently prove ...	1981	7279384
heartwater: cross-immunity studies with strains of cowdria ruminantium isolated in west and south africa.		1981	7292612
attempted treatment of canine ehrlichiosis with imidocarb dipropionate.	six clinical and 10 experimentally-induced cases of canine ehrlichiosis were treated with imidocarb dipropionate. the treatment did not result in clinical cure and failed to sterilize the infection. the infection was successfully transmitted from treated dogs to splenectomized and non-splenectomized dogs.	1981	7310786
oxytetracycline plasma levels in dogs after intramuscular administration of two formulations.	plasma levels of oxytetracycline in dogs were compared in a cross-over study. a long-acting formulation and a polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation were injected intramuscularly. symptoms of histamine release were recorded after the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation. higher peak plasma concentrations but shorter maintenance of therapeutic concentrations were recorded in the case of the polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation than with the long-acting formulation.	1981	7310789
attempted transmission of canine ehrlichiosis to the vervet monkey (cercopithecus pygerythrus).	blood from a domestic dog infected with ehrlichia canis was injected into 3 adult vervet monkeys cercopithecus pygerythrus. the monkeys did not develop any clinical or haematological signs of disease, nor did they seem to be able to harbour the parasite. furthermore, neither morulae of e. canis nor haematological evidence of ehrlichiosis were seen after these monkeys had been splenectomized. the splenectomized monkeys did, however, develop a severe parasitaemia of their red cells with entopolypo ...	1981	7312306
experiences with the use of imizol in treating canine blood parasites in nigeria.		1981	7339205
[a new rickettsiale (ehrlichiae) in leukocytes of the blood of gambia rats (cricetomys gambianus) in senegal : cytoecetes kamtchoulii n. sp].	among 20 hemograms (peripheric blood smears) carried out upon some adults male and female giant rats, (cricetomys gambianus) captured in the dakar region, two (10 p. 100) are infected by one rickettsiale of the ehrlichiae tribe and of the cytoecetes genus tyzzer, 1938. polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes and monocytes, more or less 1/25, and monocytes, more or less 1/40, of the systemic circulation are infected by "elementary bodies" (diameter : 0.1 to 0.3 mu) included in the cell protoplasm ...	1981	7346908
evidence of a serologic relationship between ehrlichia canis and rickettsia sennetsu.	a serologic relationship between rickettsia sennetsu, the etiologic agent of human sennetsu rickettsiosis in western japan, and ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine ehrlichiosis, has been demonstrated. using the indirect fluorescent antibody test, convalescent sera from patients with sennetsu fever reacted with ehrlichia canis antigen. in the direct fluorescent antibody test, immunoglobulins from four patients with sennetsu rickettsiosis stained e. canis morulae in canine monocytes. this finding ...	1981	7034563