Publications

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control of pseudomonas syringae with streptomycin. 195313099311
metabolism of d-galacturonic acid by pseudomonas syringae. 196214455905
interference with tobacco mosaic virus local lesion formation in tobacco by injection heat-killed cells of pseudomonas syringae. 19665954295
cytochromes of pseudomonas syringae. 19676066054
[value of the antigenic profiles common between pseudomonas phaseolicola (burk) dowson and pseudomonas syringae van hall for the ytping of the last species]. 19684971306
survival, transmission, and taxonomy of pseudomonas syringae van hall, the causal organism of bacterial brown spot of bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). 19685646844
the influence of syringomycin on ribonucleic acid synthesis.syringomycin, a wide-spectrum antibiotic produced by strains of pseudomonas syringae which cause bacterial canker of peach, was able to bind to salmon sperm and calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid but not to calf thymus histone; it also inhibited ribonucleic acid polymerase activity. these abilities to bind to deoxyribonucleic acid and to inhibit ribonucleic acid polymerase were inactivated when the phytotoxic and antibiotic properties of syringomycin were inactivated.19695817186
purification and properties of uronate dehydrogenase from pseudomonas syringae. 19704392089
bacteriocins of the phytopathogens pseudomonas syringae, p. glycinea, and p. phaseolicola. 19724556096
[pseudomonas syringae van hall isolated from apple seeds]. 19734779956
ice nucleation induced by pseudomonas syringae.broth cultures of suspensions of pseudomonas syringae isolated from decaying alder leaves (alnus tenuifolia) were found to freeze at very warm (-1.8 to -3.8 c) temperatures. the initiation of freezing appears associated with the intact cell and not with extracellular material. chemical treatments and physical destruction of the cell destroy activity. bacteria must be in concentrations of approximately 10(6)/ml before freezing at warm temperatures occurs.19744371331
purification and characterization of syringacin 4-a, a bacteriocin from pseudomonas syringae 4-a.syringacin 4-a, a bacteriocin produced by pseudomonas syrinagae 4-a, was obtained by induction with ultraviolet irradiation or mitomycin c. approximately 1,000-fold purification of the bacteriocin was achieved by manganous chloride precipitation, differential centrifugation, and chromatography on hydroxyapatite columns. the purified syngacin was homogeneous on hydroxyapatite columns and sucrose density gradients; it also sedimented as a single entity in the analytical ultracentrifuge. the buoyan ...197415828174
[studies of differentiation of pseudomonas morsprunorum wormald and pseudomonas syringae van hall by means of physiological and biochemical methods]. 19751106054
uronic acid dehydrogenase from pseudomonas syringae. purification and properties.1. uronic acid dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity. after a 338-fold purification a yield of 16% was achieved with a specific activity of 81 mumol nadh formed min-1 mg protein-1. 2. the purity of the enzyme was controlled by disc electrophoresis, sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. 3. a molecular weight of 60 000 was determined by gel chromatography and by ultracentrifugation. 4. the native enzyme is composed of two subunits, their molecular weight being 30 000 a ...19762471
a new enzymatic method for the determination of free and conjugated glucuronic acid.a new method is reported for the quantitative determination of glucuronic and galacturonic acid, which is based on spectrophotometric measurement of nadh. the nad-linked oxidation of the uronic acids to the corresponding dicarboxylic acids is measured in the presence of uronic acid dehydrogenase. this enzyme was isolated from pseudomonas syringae. the test is highly specific for glucuronic and galacturonic acid and permits the exact determination of free and conjugated glucuronic acid. this enzy ...1976182902
the effects on temperature on growth in vitro of pseudomonas syringae and and xanthomonas pruni. 1977885818
[cell membrane carbohydrates of pseudomonas syringae]. 1977916910
influence of nemaguard and lovell rootstocks and macroposthonia xenoplax on bacterial canker of peach.'fay elberta' peach trees grown on either 'lovell' or 'nemaguard' rootstocks in sandy soil in a lathhouse were highly susceptible to bacterial canker if inoculated with the nematode macroposthonia xenoplax and the bacterium pseudomonas syringae. if either one of these organisms were omitted, serious bacterial canker did not develop. cankers appeared later and remained small when nematodes were omined. very few cankers appeared on trees not inoculated with the bacterium. peach trees on both roots ...197719305599
distribution of ice nucleation-active bacteria on plants in nature.a replica plating method for rapid quantitation of ice nucleation-active (ina) bacteria was developed. leaf washings of plant samples from california, colorado, florida, louisiana, and wisconsin were tested for the presence of ina bacteria. of the 95 plant species sampled, 74 were found to harbor ina bacteria. only the conifers were, as a group, unlikely to harbor ina bacteria. all of the ina bacteria isolated resembled either pseudomonas syringae or erwinia herbicola. sufficient numbers of ina ...1978736541
phaseolotoxin transport in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium via the oligopeptide permease.phaseolotoxin [(n delta-phosphosulfamyl)ornithylalanylhomoarginine], a phytotoxic tripeptide produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola that inhibits ornithine carbamoyltransferase, is transported into escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium via the oligopeptide transport system (opp). mutants defective in oligopeptide permease (opp-) were resistant to phaseolotoxin. spontaneous phaseolotoxin-resistant mutants (toxr) lacked the opp function as evidenced by their cross-resistance to tr ...19806991475
phaseolotoxin-insensitive ornithine carbamoyltransferase of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola: basis for immunity to phaseolotoxin.cell-free extracts from phaseolotoxin-producing strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola grown at 18 degrees c, the optimum temperature for phaseolotoxin production, contain an ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity that is insensitive to phaseolotoxin. extracts from the same strains grown at 30 degrees c, a temperature at which little or no detectable phaseolotoxin is produced, and from phaseolotoxin-nonproducing strains contain a phaseolotoxin-sensitive ornithine carbamoyltransferase ...19807380807
[heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides isolated from the cell membrane of pseudomonas syringae 8414]. 19807402101
[serological activity of the carbohydrate-containing substances in pseudomonas syringae 8414]. 19807432211
transformation of pseudomonas syringae with nonconjugative r plasmids.transformation of pseudomonas syringae strains with plasmid dna occurs at a frequency of 1 x 10(-3) to 4 x 10(-9) per recipient cell, depending on the strain, plasmid, and conditions for transformation. r plasmids used successfully in transformation were pr0161 (26 x 10(6) molecular weight) and rsf1010 (5.5 x 10(6) molecular weight). transformation involved growing the recipient cells to approximately 8 x 10(8) colony-forming units per millilitre in 50 ml of a nutrient broth. after washes with a ...19817296409
bacteriocin production by pseudomonas syringae psw-1 in plant tissue.the production and activity of syringacin w-1, a particulate bacteriocin made by pseudomonas syringae psw-1, was studied in plant tissue. the bacteriocin is rod shaped, approximately 20 nm wide and 75 nm long, and composed of an outer sheath and inner core. both the producing strain, psw-1, and a sensitive strain, 16, grew within red kidney bean stems. strains psw-1 and 16, or mutants derived from them, were injected into bean stems singly or in mixtures. all singly inoculated strains grew well. ...19827116232
nasal antibodies against gram-negative bacteria in cotton-mill workers.antibody activity to cotton dust bacteria in the nasal secretions of cotton-mill cardroom workers was studied using the elisa technique. secretion samples were collected by inserting a roll of filter paper into the nasal cavities of the subjects. the amount of secretion was significantly less among cotton-mill workers than workers in a wood factory. no significant differences were seen between byssinotic and nonbyssinotic cotton-mill workers. no significant differences were observed between cott ...19827141716
integration and partial excision of a cryptic plasmid in pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.a virulent strain of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, a pathogen of the common bean phaseolus vulgaris (l.), was shown to harbor a 98-megadalton cryptic plasmid, pmc7105. after exposure of this strain to the plasmid-curing agent mitomycin c, a colony was isolated which had no detectable extrachromosomal dna. hybridization of labeled pmc7105 probe to nitrocellulose filters containing southern-blotted bamhi cleavage products of cellular dna revealed that pmc7105 was integrated into the chrom ...19826290453
bacterial ice nucleation: a factor in frost injury to plants.heterogeneous ice nuclei are necessary, and the common epiphytic ice nucleation active (ina) bacteria pseudomonas syringae van hall and erwinia herbicola (löhnis) dye are sufficient to incite frost injury to sensitive plants at -5 degrees c. the ice nucleation activity of the bacteria occurs at the same temperatures at which frost injury to sensitive plants occurs in nature. bacterial ice nucleation on leaves can be detected at about -2 degrees c, whereas the leaves themselves, i.e. without ina ...198216662618
resistant tobacco plants from protoplast-derived calluses selected for their resistance to pseudomonas and alternaria toxins.protoplast-derived calluses of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. 'samsun') were selected for their resistance to toxins from pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, which causes wildfire disease, and from alternaria alternata pathotype tobacco, which causes brown spot. a number of plants were regenerated from each of the toxin-selected protoplast-derived calluses. a large percentage of the plants obtained from the second selection cycle calluses were resistant to infection by these pathogens. resistance t ...198324263918
inhibition of glutamine synthetase from pea by tabtoxinine-beta-lactam.tabtoxinine-beta-lactam, a hydrolytic product of tabtoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, apparently inactivates pea seed glutamine synthetase. inhibition of the enzyme's initial velocity is linear over a range of 0.5 to 5 millimolar tabtoxinine-beta-lactam in the presence of 10 millimolar glutamate. a method for the purification of glutamine synthetase from dried peas is presented which gives a 30% yield with a 2,000-fold increase in specific activity. a method for obtaining highly ...198316662928
generalized transduction in the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae.bacteriophages isolated from culture supernatants of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and from sewage transferred various chromosomal genes to p. syringae ps224. linkage between arginine and tryptophan loci was demonstrated. the number of transductants recovered per milliliter was not altered appreciably by uv irradiation of selected phage isolates. in addition, the presence of the incp2 plasmid r38 in a p. syringae ps224 arginine auxotroph did not increase the transduction frequency as it does ...198316346318
isolation and partial characterization of bacteriophages of the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae.bacteriophages isolated from culture supernatants of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and from sewage were identified. the dna from each phage was isolated and digested with the restriction endonuclease ecori. eight isolates were determined to be different, with two phage isolates from sewage having restriction patterns identical to two phages from culture supernatants. the sizes of the phage dna ranged from 24 to49 kilobases for isolates from sewage and from 39 to 52.5 kilobases for the isolat ...198316346319
toxicity of smoke to epiphytic ice nucleation-active bacteria.wheat straw smoke aerosols and liquid smoke condensates reduced significantly both the viability and the ice-nucleating activity of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and erwinia herbicola in vitro and on leaf surfaces in vivo. highly significant reductions in numbers of bacterial ice nuclei on the surface of both corn and almond were observed after exposure to smoke aerosols. at -5 degrees c, frost injury to corn seedlings colonized by ice nucleation-active bacteria was reduced after exposure to ...198316346333
distribution, population dynamics, and characteristics of ice nucleation-active bacteria in deciduous fruit tree orchards.deciduous fruit tree orchards located in the pacific northwest were surveyed over a 3-year period for the presence of ice nucleation-active (ina) bacteria. in the yakima valley, only about 30% of the fruit tree orchards contained ina bacteria (median population ca. 3 x 10 cfu/g [fresh weight]) in contrast to nearly 75% of the orchards in the hood river valley (median population ca. 5 x 10 cfu/g [fresh weight]). these ina populations ranged from less than 10 to over 10 cfu/g (fresh weight) of blo ...198316346445
transposable element that causes mutations in a plant pathogenic pseudomonas sp.a 1.3-kilobase-pair dna element, is51, causes a loss of virulence in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi. this sequence, is51, was first discovered in a plasmid-borne iaam locus, which together with iaah directs the synthesis of a virulence factor, indoleacetic acid. the spontaneous insertion of is51 in iaam resulted in the loss of indoleacetic acid production, attenuation of virulence, and the loss of both enzyme activities coded by iaam and iaah. using a cloned is51 element ...19836304006
ice nucleating activity of pseudomonas syringae and erwinia herbicola.chemical and biological properties of the ice nucleating sites of pseudomonas syringae, strain c-9, and erwinia herbicola have been characterized. the ice nucleating activity (ina) for both bacteria was unchanged in buffers ranging from ph 5.0 to 9.2, suggesting that there were no essential groups for which a change in charge in this range was critical. the ina of both bacteria was also unaffected by the addition of metal chelating compounds. borate compounds and certain lectins markedly inhibit ...19836848483
variability among isolates of pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi from the phylloplane of the olive.leaves of three or four different ages were taken from olive plants quarterly in 1974-1980. one thousand and fifty isolates of pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi from the phylloplane were tested for virulence to the olive and subjected to numerical phenetic analysis using 60 unit characters. the data were analysed using unweighted average linkage (upgma) and single linkage clustering on the simple matching (ssm) and pattern (sp) coefficients. the isolates obtained from leaves of a given age at ...19836886676
a structural role for dihydropteroyl hexaglutamate in the tail baseplate of various bacteriophages.a novel non-metabolic role is proposed for dihydropteroyl hexaglutamate as a critical link binding together sub-structures of the tail of escherichia coli bacteriophage t4. six molecules of this folate compound have been found to be components of the complex tail baseplate of the phage particle. the baseplate is assembled using a total of at least 18 viral gene products in a series of reactions in which six wedge-like elements (each 0.7 x 10(6) daltons) bind symmetrically around a central tail p ...19836351553
transfer of prd1 to pseudomonas syringae and evidence for its integration into the chromosome.plasmid prd1 was conjugatively transferred from escherichia coli to pseudomonas syringae. subculturing the transconjugate on a medium that selected for prd1-determined his+ kmr resulted in the loss of prd1 as an extrachromosomal element as detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. dna hybridization provided evidence for the integration of prd1 into the p. syringae chromosome.19836358197
conjugal transfer of e. coli f'lac from erwinia chrysanthemi to pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and the apparent stable incorporation of the plasmid into the pv. glycinea chromosome.the e. coli f'lac plasmid was transferred from an erwinia chrysanthemi hfr8 donor to a multiply-auxotrophic, rifampicin-resistant pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea recipient. transfer occurred at a frequency of approximately 10(-5)/donor. stable transconjugants which were able to utilize lactose as the sole carbon source after several transfers would not donate the f'lac plasmid in detectable frequency to other pv. glycinea or e. coli recipients. the plasmid dna was shown to be integrated into t ...19846394959
[studies on the variability of the phaseolotoxin production by pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola].isolation of bacteria from a field of bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris l.) with conspicuous symptoms of halo blight disease resulted in 123 bacterial strains from which 57 were identified as pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola . at 18 degrees c the phaseolotoxin production of the isolated strains differs widely in submerse culture. only few strains produce high amounts of phaseolotoxin being comparable with those of the reference strain 1321, while most of the strains show a low capability of p ...19846428075
dynamic model of discontinuous and continuous phaseolotoxin production of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.from experimental data of kinetics of growth, glucose consumption and product formation of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola the development and parameter estimation of a mathematical model is presented. the model describes the behaviour of both, batch and chemostat culture, as well as for different temperatures. the model is favoured for dynamic optimization studies. maximal productivity is reached in the chemostat for a dilution rate which is only a little bit smaller than the wash out poi ...19846475109
purification and some properties of the d-lactate-2-sulphatase of pseudomonas syringae gg.a soil bacterium grown on propan-2-yl sulphate as sole source of carbon and sulphur yielded extracts containing an enzyme capable of liberating sulphate from racemic lactate-2-sulphate. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a combination of streptomycin sulphate precipitation of nucleic acids, batch treatment with deae-cellulose, and chromatography on columns of deae-cellulose, sephacryl s-300 and butyl-agarose. the protein was monomeric with an mr of 55 000-60 000. the enzyme activity was s ...19846497859
integration and excision of pmc7105 in pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola: involvement of repetitive sequences.the site for integration of pmc7105 into the chromosome of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola has been mapped to a 2.6-kilobase-pair (kb) bg/ii-ecori fragment on this 150-kb indigenous plasmid. selected excision plasmids resulting from imprecise excision of pmc7105 were used to identify one of the plasmid-chromosome juncture fragments and to characterize the mechanism of recombination from the chromosome. a 14.2-kb bamhi plasmid-chromosome juncture fragment has been identified in pex8060 (234 ...19846321436
characterization of eight excision plasmids of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola strain lr719 contains a 150 kilobase pair (kb) plasmid pmc7105, stably integrated into its chromosome. occasionally, single colony isolates of this strain contain an excision plasmid. eight unique excision plasmids were selected and characterized by bamhi restriction endonuclease and blot hybridization analyses. these plasmids ranged in size from 35 to 270 kb; the largest contained approximately 130 kb of chromosomal dna sequences. restriction maps of pmc710 ...19846092867
differences between lipopolysaccharide compositions of plant pathogenic and saprophytic pseudomonas species.lipopolysaccharides (lps) were obtained by washing cells of plant pathogenic and saprophytic pseudomonas species with saline (fraction 1) and then with saline-edta (fraction 2). the cells subsequently were extracted with phenol to yield a third aqueous preparation (fraction 3). each fraction type contained the lps components, lipid a, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxy sugar, and neutral and amino sugars. the neutral sugar compositions of fractions 1, 2, and 3, although similar within a species, differed b ...198416346597
inactivation of glutamine synthetase by tabtoxinine-beta-lactam : effects of substrates and ph.the inactivation of glutamine synthetase by tabtoxinine-beta-lactam, a phytotoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, was shown to be irreversible. the chloroplast and cytosolic forms of the enzyme from pea leaves (pisum sativum l.) were separated, purified, and found to be kinetically similar with k(m) values for glutamate of 6.7 and 4.3 millimolar and for atp of 2.0 and 1.3 millimolar, respectively. both forms were irreversibly inactivated by the toxin at equal rates. using the chloro ...198416663826
cloned avirulence gene of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea determines race-specific incompatibility on glycine max (l.) merr.a genomic library of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea race 6 dna was constructed in the mobilizable cosmid vector plafr1 and maintained in escherichia coli hb101. completeness of the library was estimated by assaying clones for the expression of ice-nucleating activity in e. coli. ice-nucleation activity was represented approximately once in every 600 clones. six hundred eighty random race 6 cosmid clones were mobilized from e. coli by plasmid prk2013 in individual conjugations to a race 5 stra ...198416593517
phosphatidylinositol as a component of the ice nucleating site of pseudomonas syringae and erwinia herbiola.phosphatidylinositol has been identified as a major component of the ice nucleating site on the outer surface of two bacteria, pseudomonas syringae and erwinia herbicola. plant lectins binding to inositol and a highly purified phosphatidylinositol-specific hydrolase (a c(ii) lipase) inhibited or decreased the efficiency of the ice nucleating activity (ina) of both bacteria. extracts of these two ina(+) bacteria had phosphatidylinositol synthase activity while extracts from related ina(-) pseudom ...198417759892
tagetitoxin affects plastid development in seedling leaves of wheat.ultrastructural and biochemical approaches were used to investigate the mode of action of tagetitoxin, a nonhost-specific phytotoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (hellmers) young, dye and wilkie, which causes chlorosis in developing - but not mature - leaves. tagetitoxin has no effect on the growth rate or morphology of developing leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. its cytological effects are limited to plastid aberrations; in both light-and dark-grown leaves treat ...198524241135
cloning determinants of pathogenesis from pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae.transposon mutagenesis and a cosmid genomic library of dna from the bean pathogen pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae were used to identify and isolate sequences essential for pathogenesis. strain ps9021, derived by tn5 mutagenesis, was determined to be nonpathogenic on phaseolus vulgaris cultivar red mexican and incapable of inducing a hypersensitive response in nicotiana tabacum. this mutant also produced fluidal rather than firm colonies on selected agar media. a tn5-containing ecori fragm ...198516593537
nucleotide sequences of the pseudomonas savastanoi indoleacetic acid genes show homology with agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna.we report the nucleotide sequences of iaam and iaah, the genetic determinants for, respectively, tryptophan 2-monooxygenase and indoleacetamide hydrolase, the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of l-tryptophan to indoleacetic acid in the tumor-forming bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi. the sequence analysis indicates that the iaam locus contains an open reading frame encoding 557 amino acids that would comprise a protein with a molecular weight of 61,783; the iaah locus contains an ...198516593610
ice nucleation temperature of individual leaves in relation to population sizes of ice nucleation active bacteria and frost injury.ice nucleation temperatures of individual leaves were determined by a tube nucleation test. with this assay, a direct quantitative relationship was obtained between the temperatures at which ice nucleation occurred on individual oat (avena sativa l.) leaves and the population sizes of ice nucleation active (ina) bacteria present on those leaves. in the absence of ina bacteria, nucleation of supercooled growth-chamber grown oat leaves did not occur until temperatures were below approximately -5 d ...198516664039
stimulation of ethylene production in bean leaf discs by the pseudomonad phytotoxin coronatine.coronatine is a toxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea which induces the same chlorotic response in bean leaves as does infection by the bacterial pathogen. although the structure of coronatine is known, the biological mode of action is not. one possible clue to its activity is the ethyl-substituted cyclopropane side chain of the molecule. this part structure (1-amino-2-ethycyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or aec) is an analog of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic ...198516664173
association between symptom development and inhibition of ornithine carbamoyltransferase in bean leaves treated with phaseolotoxin.the chlorosis symptom that characterizes the halo blight disease of phaseolus vulgaris l. is caused by phaseolotoxin produced by the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola. phaseolotoxin is hydrolyzed by plant peptidases to n(delta)(n'-sulpho-diaminophosphinyl) -l-ornithine which also causes chlorosis and is reported to be an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (octase). we have examined the hypothesis that inhibition of octase is the primary action ...198516664433
the hypersensitive reaction of tobacco to pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi: activation of a plasmalemma k/h exchange mechanism.net electrolyte efflux from suspension-cultured tobacco cells undergoing the hypersensitive reaction to pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi resulted from a specific efflux of k(+) which was accompanied by an equimolar net influx of h(+). these fluxes began 60 to 90 minutes after inoculation of tobacco cells with bacteria, reached maximum rates of 6 to 9 micromoles per gram fresh weight tobacco cells per hour within 2.5 to 3 hours, and dropped below 4 micromoles per gram per hour within 5 hours. tobacc ...198516664502
in vitro susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production of 53 clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis.we tested 53 clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis recovered from patients with respiratory symptoms to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to 25 antimicrobial agents, including the newer beta-lactam antibiotics. of the 53 strains, 46 (86.7%) were beta-lactamase producers. all the strains were susceptible to the majority of the new penicillins and cephalosporins. the combinations of amoxacillin-clavulanic acid and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid were also very active against the beta ...19853873905
cloning and expression of bacterial ice nucleation genes in escherichia coli.epiphytic populations of pseudomonas syringae and erwinia herbicola are important sources of ice nuclei that incite frost damage in agricultural crop plants. we have cloned and characterized dna segments carrying the genes (ice) responsible for the ice-nucleating ability of these bacteria. the ice region spanned 3.5 to 4.0 kilobases and was continuous over this region in p. syringae cit7r1. the cloned fragments imparted ice-nucleating activity in escherichia coli. substantial increases in the nu ...19853900043
regulation of syringomycin synthesis in pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and defined conditions for its production.production of the phytotoxin, syringomycin (sr), by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain b301d was regulated by both iron and inorganic phosphate similar to that of many bacterial secondary metabolites. iron concentrations of 2 mumol/l or more in deferrated potato-dextrose broth (pdb) resulted in the production of 1024 sr units/ml, a yield comparable to that produced in non-deferrated pdb. moreover, production of one sr unit required approximately 0.4 ng of available fecl3. no sr was produce ...19853980301
structure of the sidechain of lipopolysaccharide from pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum c28.the sidechain of the lipopolysaccharide from the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum c28 was shown to be composed of d-rhamnose. using 1h and 13c-nmr spectroscopy, methylation analysis, smith degradation and optical rotation data, the repeat unit was found to have the structure: ----3)-d-rhap-(alpha 1----3)-d-rhap-(alpha 1----2)-d-rhap-(alpha 1---- and a degree of polymerization of approximately 70. attention is drawn to the possible prevalence of d-6-deoxyhexoses in the lipopoly ...19853996404
regulation of 3-indoleacetic acid production in pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi. purification and properties of tryptophan 2-monooxygenase.the oxidative decarboxylation of l-tryptophan to yield 3-indoleacetamide, catalyzed by tryptophan 2-monooxygenase, represents a controlling reaction in the synthesis of indoleacetic acid by pseudomonas savastanoi (pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi), a gall-forming pathogen of olive (olea europea l.) and oleander (nerium oleander l.). production of indoleacetic acid is essential for virulence of the bacterium in its hosts. tryptophan 2-monooxygenase was characterized to determine its role in in ...19853997822
the inactivation of ornithine transcarbamoylase by n delta-(n'-sulpho-diaminophosphinyl)-l-ornithine.phaseolotoxin, a tripeptide inhibitor of ornithine transcarbamoylase, is a phytotoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the causal agent of halo-blight in beans. in vivo the toxin is cleaved to release n delta-(n'-sulpho-diaminophosphinyl)-l-ornithine, the major toxic chemical species present in diseased leaf tissue. this paper reports on the interaction between n delta-(n'-sulpho-diaminophosphinyl)-l-ornithine and ornithine transcarbamoylase. n delta-(n'-sulpho-diaminophosphiny ...19854015624
detection of two ornithine carbamoyltransferases in a phaseolotoxin-producing strain pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola.the phaseolotoxin-producing pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola strain 1321 contains two ornithine carbamoyltransferases which differ in resistance to phaseolotoxin. whereas ornithine carbamoyltransferase 1 (oct 1) is inhibited at low concentrations of phaseolotoxin, ornithine carbamoyltransferase 2 (oct 2) is insensitive to phaseolotoxin. the activity of the insensitive enzyme is correlated with the amount of toxin formed.19854087158
in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin combined with azlocillin.a ciprofloxacin plus azlocillin broth microdilution checkerboard was evaluated against 125 aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. synergism (sigma fic less than or equal to 0.5) occurred among 56% of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 30% of acinetobacter species, and 40% of staphylococcus aureus studied. antagonism (sigma fic greater than or equal to 2) was present in less than 1% of the organisms.19852935078
characterization of two surface-localized antigenic sites on porin protein f of pseudomonas aeruginosa.a rapid colony immunoblot screening procedure was used to demonstrate the surface localization of porin protein f on bacterial colonies of pseudomonas aeruginosa. by this method, we demonstrated that protein f was accessible to four different specific monoclonal antibodies in a wide variety of both mucoid and nonmucoid p. aeruginosa strains. controls were performed to demonstrate that, using this procedure, only surface-exposed epitopes bound monoclonal antibodies and that nonspecific binding of ...19852408719
function of pili in bacteriophage phi 6 penetration.the genome of bacteriophage phi 6, which has a lipid protein envelope, consists of three pieces of dsrna. virus infection is initiated by attachment to a phi 6-specific host pilus followed by fusion of the phage membrane and the bacterial outer membrane. in this study we analysed several different phi 6 hosts as well as more than 200 independently isolated phi 6-resistant variants derived from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. it is shown that phi 6-specific pili are coded by genes located ...19852865329
comparison of physical and genetic properties of palindromic dna sequences.some viable palindromic dna sequences were found to cause an increase in the recovery of genetic recombinants. although these palindromes contained no chi sites, their presence in cis caused apparent reca+-dependent recombination to increase severalfold. this biological property did not correlate with the physical properties of the palindromes' extrusion of cruciform structures in vitro. thus, two unrelated palindromes with similar effects on recombination in both escherichia coli and pseudomona ...19852982785
construction of a cosmid clone library of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and isolation of genes by functional complementation.a genomic library constructed from a wild-type strain of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in the broad-host-range cosmid vector pvk102 was used to isolate wild-type genes by complementation of tn5-induced auxotrophic mutants. selection pressure was required for maintenance of the vector and members of the library in strains of p. syringae.19852992375
isolation and characterization of tn5 insertion mutants of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae altered in the production of the peptide phytotoxin syringotoxin.a syringotoxin-producing strain of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (b457) was subjected to tn5 mutagenesis by the transposon vector psup1011. analyses of auxotrophs obtained suggested simple random insertions of tn5. syringotoxin-negative mutants arose at a frequency of about 0.28%. in a southern blot analysis, the loss of toxin production was associated with tn5 insertions into chromosomal ecori fragments of about 10.5, 17.8, and 19.3 kilobases. data from a southern blot analysis of ssti-dige ...19852995307
indigenous plasmids in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: conjugative transfer and role in copper resistance.twenty strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato were examined for the presence of plasmid dna. p. syringae pv. tomato plasmids were grouped into five size classes: class a ranged from 95 to 103 kilobases (kb); class b ranged from 71 to 83 kb; class c ranged from 59 to 67 kb; class d ranged from 37 to 39 kb; and class e was 29 kb. all strains contained at least two plasmids in classes a and b. the conjugative ability of p. syringae pv. tomato plasmids in three strains was demonstrated by mobili ...19863003029
identification and cloning of genes involved in phaseolotoxin production by pseudomonas syringae pv. "phaseolicola".genes involved in the production of phaseolotoxin by pseudomonas syringae pv. "phaseolicola" nps3121 were identified by tn5 mutagenesis and cosmid cloning. a total of 5,180 kanamycin-resistant colonies were screened for the loss of phaseolotoxin production by a microbiological assay. six independent, prototrophic, tox- mutants were isolated that had tn5 insertions in five different ecori fragments. all six mutants had tn5 inserted in the same kpni fragment, which had a length of ca. 28 kilobases ...19863011734
identification and purification of a bacterial ice-nucleation protein.the protein product of a gene (inaz) responsible for ice nucleation by pseudomonas syringae s203 has been identified and purified after overexpression in escherichia coli. the amino acid composition and the n-terminal sequence of the purified, denatured protein corresponded well with that predicted from the sequence of the inaz gene. the product of inaz was also found to be the major component in preparations of ice-nucleating, proteinaceous particles, obtained after extraction with and gel filt ...19863020542
gene cluster of pseudomonas syringae pv. "phaseolicola" controls pathogenicity of bean plants and hypersensitivity of nonhost plants.loss of the ability of pseudomonas syringae pv. "phaseolicola" nps3121 to elicit a hypersensitive response on tobacco and other nonhost plants was associated with loss of pathogenicity on the susceptible host bean. eight independent, prototrophic transposon tn5 insertion mutants which had lost the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response on tobacco plants were identified. six of these mutants no longer produced disease lesions on primary leaves of the susceptible bean cultivar red kidney and ...19863023280
cloning and regulation of erwinia herbicola pigment genes.the genes coding for yellow pigment production in erwinia herbicola eho10 (atcc 39368) were cloned and localized to a 12.4-kilobase (kb) chromosomal fragment. a 2.3-kb avai deletion in the cloned fragment resulted in the production of a pink-yellow pigment, a possible precursor of the yellow pigment. production of yellow pigment in both e. herbicola eho10 and pigmented escherichia coli clones was inhibited by glucose. when the pigment genes were transformed into a cya (adenylate cyclase) e. coli ...19863023282
role of glutamine synthetase adenylylation in the self-protection of pseudomonas syringae subsp. "tabaci" from its toxin, tabtoxinine-beta-lactam.selected pathovars of pseudomonas syringae produce an extracellular phytotoxin, tabtoxinine-beta-lactam, that irreversibly inhibits its known physiological target, glutamine synthetase (gs). pseudomonas syringae subsp. "tabaci" retains significant amounts of glutamine synthetase activity during toxin production in culture. as part of our investigation of the self-protection mechanism(s) used by these pathovars, we have determined that gs becomes adenylylated after toxin production is initiated a ...19862870053
cloning of the gene for indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase from pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi.the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi incites the production of galls on olive and oleander plants. gall formation is dependent on bacterial production of the phytohormone indoleacetic acid (iaa). the genetic determinants for iaa synthesis are located on a plasmid (piaa) and are organized in an operon in oleander strains of the bacterium. p. syringae subsp. savastanoi further converts iaa to an amino acid conjugate, 3-indole-acetyl-epsilon-l-lysine (iaa-lysine). the gene for i ...19863084452
nucleotide sequence and expression of a pseudomonas savastanoi cytokinin biosynthetic gene: homology with agrobacterium tumefaciens tmr and tzs loci.the nucleotide sequence of a pseudomonas trans-zeatin producing gene (ptz) from the pck1 plasmid of pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi strain 1006 has been determined. this gene confers upon e. coli the ability to synthesize and secrete several cytokinins including trans-zeatin, iso-pentenyladenine and their respective n9-ribosyl derivatives. sequence analysis indicates an open reading frame encoding a protein of 234 amino acids with a molecular weight of 26,816. significant sequence homology i ...19863515320
release of cell-free ice nuclei by erwinia herbicola.several ice-nucleating bacterial strains, including erwinia herbicola, pseudomonas fluorescens, and pseudomonas syringae isolates, were examined for their ability to shed ice nuclei into the growth medium. only e. herbicola isolates shed cell-free ice nuclei active at -2 to -10 degrees c. these cell-free nuclei exhibited a freezing spectrum similar to that of ice nuclei found on whole cells, both above and below -5 degrees c. partially purified cell-free nuclei were examined by density gradient ...19863525514
mechanism of action of pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin, syringomycin. interaction with the plasma membrane of wild-type and respiratory-deficient strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae.the effects of the phytotoxin, syringomycin, produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, were examined on cells of a wild-type and a respiratory-deficient (rho0) mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the growth of both strains in liquid culture was inhibited by 0.5 micrograms syringomycin per ml and higher. uptake rates of tetraphenylphosphonium and dimethyloxazolidine ions in cell suspensions of both strains increased when 1.5 micrograms per ml syringomycin was added. these responses were kine ...19863530326
exopolysaccharides of the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea.exopolysaccharides (eps) of the soybean pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea were isolated from culture filtrates and infected soybean leaves. levan (a polyfructan with a c-2----c-6 backbone and c-2----c-1 branching) or acetylated alginate (a linear polyuronide of c-1----c-4-linked mannuronic and guluronic acids) was isolated from culture filtrates when bacterial strains were grown in a semisynthetic medium containing sucrose or glucose, respectively, as the primary carbon source. acetylat ...19863957873
the causal agent of halo blight in bean, pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, attaches to stomata via its pili.the phytopathogenic pseudomonad pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola causes halo blight of bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). initiation of infection depends on the ability of the cells to adhere to the target cell surface. p. syringae pv. phaseolicola expresses pili, which are the receptors of the lipid-containing dsrna bacteriophage phi 6. phi 6-resistant bacterial strains can be divided into different piliation types. it was possible to show that the adhesion of the bacteria onto plant cell surfa ...19862907769
production of fosfomycin (phosphonomycin) by pseudomonas syringae. 19863759643
conserved repeats in diverged ice nucleation structural genes from two species of pseudomonas.sequence analysis shows that an ice nucleation gene (inaw) from pseudomonas fluorescens is related to the inaz gene of pseudomonas syringae. the two genes have diverged by many amino acid substitutions, and have effectively randomized the third bases of homologous codons. by reference to their potential for change, it is shown that certain conserved features must have been maintained by selection pressure. in particular, their conservation of internal sequence repetition, with three orders of re ...19863774551
frost resistance and pseudomonas.a professor of biophysics and medical physics at the university of california, berkeley, comments on advances in developing frost-resistant crop plants, and on the objections that have halted or delayed field tests of these plants. jukes describes a proposed field trial by a biotechnology company, advanced genetic sciences (ags), of strawberry plants treated with the strains of common bacteria (pseudomonas syringae and pseudomonas fluorescens) from which the gene for the ice nucleation protein ...198611650712
transient activation of plasmalemma k efflux and h influx in tobacco by a pectate lyase isozyme from erwinia chrysanthemi.a purified pectate lyase isozyme derived from erwinia chrysanthemi induced rapid net k(+) efflux and h(+) influx in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. comparable fluxes of other ions (na(+), cl(-)) were not observed. the k(+) efflux/h(+) influx response began within 15 minutes after addition of enzyme to cell suspensions and continued for approximately 1 hour after which cells resumed the net h(+) efflux exhibited prior to enzyme treatment. the response was not prolonged by a second enzyme dose ...198616664981
secretion of zeatin, ribosylzeatin, and ribosyl-1'' -methylzeatin by pseudomonas savastanoi: plasmid-coded cytokinin biosynthesis.cytokinin production by strains of the phytopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv savastanoi was measured by immunoaffinity chromatography of the culture medium on immobilized anti-cytokinin antibodies, followed by high performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry. p. savastanoi strain pb213-2 secretes zeatin (80 nanograms per milliliter) and ribosylzeatin (80 nanograms per milliliter). even higher levels of zeatin (400 nanograms per milliliter) are produced b ...198616665104
effects of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam on nitrogen metabolism in avena sativa l. roots.the effects of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam (t-beta-l) on nitrate uptake and glutamine synthetase (gs) and nitrate reductase (nr) activities in roots of avena sativa seedlings were determined. seven-day-old oat seedlings placed in a 10 mm kno(3) and 0.5 mm t-beta-l solution for 24 hours took up t-beta-l and lost approximately 90% of their root gs activity. [(3)h]-t-beta-l taken up by roots of seven-day-old oat seedlings was associated with gs immunoprecipitated from the extract of these roots. total ...198616665133
insertion sequence elements of pseudomonas savastanoi: nucleotide sequence and homology with agrobacterium tumefaciens transfer dna.two types of transposable elements, is51 and is52 (is, insertion sequence), were found in pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi (p. savastanoi) that spontaneously insert into and inactivate iaam; the insertion results in the loss of indoleacetic acid production and attenuation of virulence. the nucleotide sequences of both is elements have sizes and structural features common to other prokaryotic is elements; is51 is 1311 base pairs (bp) long and has terminal inverted repeats of 26 bp; is52 is ...198616593778
generation and characterization of tn5 insertion mutations in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.tn5-induced insertion mutations were generated in the pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato genome by mating this plant pathogen with an escherichia coli strain carrying the suicide plasmid vector for tn5, pgs9. km transconjugants occurred at frequencies ranging from 2 x 10 to 9 x 10; approximately 5.5% of these transconjugants were also cm, indicating the presence of additional pgs9 dna sequences. approximately 1% of the km cm mutants were auxotrophic. southern blot analysis revealed that the tn5 ele ...198616346988
isolation and characterization of an fe(iii)-chelating compound produced by pseudomonas syringae.the phytopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae produces a fluorescent pigment when it is grown in iron-deficient media. this pigment forms a very stable fe(iii) complex that was purified in this form by using a novel procedure based on ultrafiltration and column chromatography. the fe(iii) complex has a molecular weight of 1,100 and contains 1 mol of fe(iii). the pigment is composed of an amino acid moiety with three threonines, three serines, one lysine, delta-n-hydroxyornithine, and a quin ...198616347102
antagonism of lactic acid bacteria against phytopathogenic bacteria.a variety of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from plant surfaces and plant-associated products, were found to be antagonistic to test strains of the phytopathogens xanthomonas campestris, erwinia carotovora, and pseudomonas syringae. effective "in vitro" inhibition was found both on agar plates and in broth cultures. in pot trials, treatment of bean plants with a lactobacillus plantarum strain before inoculation with p. syringae caused a significant reduction of the disease incidence.198616347150
pea genes associated with non-host disease resistance to fusarium are also active in race-specific disease resistance to pseudomonas.a given plant species is able to resist most of the potentially pathogenic microorganisms with which it comes in contact. this phenomenon, known as non-host resistance, can be overcome only by a very small number of 'true pathogens' which can use that plant as a host. in some cases, plants have developed mechanisms for overcoming infection by specific races or strains of a true pathogen. this race-specific resistance can be easily manipulated into agronomically important cultivars by plant breed ...198724301193
characterization of a copper resistance plasmid conserved in copper-resistant strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.a 35-kilobase plasmid was conserved among 12 copper-resistant strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. restriction patterns of this plasmid from each strain were identical, and a cloned copper resistance gene from 1 strain hybridized to the same location on the 35-kilobase plasmid of all 12 strains.198716347294
characterization of pyoverdin(pss), the fluorescent siderophore produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b301d produces a yellow-green, fluorescent siderophore, pyoverdin(pss), in large quantities under iron-limited growth conditions. maximum yields of pyoverdin(pss) of approximately 50 mug/ml occurred after 24 h of incubation in a deferrated synthetic medium. increasing increments of fe(iii) coordinately repressed siderophore production until repression was complete at concentrations of >/= 10 mum. pyoverdin(pss) was isolated, chemically characterized, and found t ...198716347352
auxin production by plant-pathogenic pseudomonads and xanthomonads.pathogenic strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines which cause hypertrophy of leaf cells of susceptible soybean cultivars and nonpathogenic strains which do not cause hypertrophy were compared for their ability to produce indole compounds, including the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in liquid media with or without supplementation with l-tryptophan. several additional strains of plant-pathogenic xanthomonads and pseudomonads were also tested for iaa production to determine wheth ...198716347409
competitive exclusion of epiphytic bacteria by icepseudomonas syringae mutants.the growth of ice nucleation-active and near-isogenic ice nucleation-deficient (ice) pseudomonas syringae strains coexisting on leaf surfaces was examined to determine whether competition was sufficient to account for antagonism of phylloplane bacteria. the ice nucleation frequency spectra of 46 icep. syringae mutants, obtained after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate, differed both quantitatively and qualitatively, but the mutants could be grouped into four distinct phenotypic classes. the ...198716347468
flagellar motility confers epiphytic fitness advantages upon pseudomonas syringae.the role of flagellar motility in determining the epiphytic fitness of an ice-nucleation-active strain of pseudomonas syringae was examined. the loss of flagellar motility reduced the epiphytic fitness of a normally motile p. syringae strain as measured by its growth, survival, and competitive ability on bean leaf surfaces. equal population sizes of motile parental or nonmotile mutant p. syringae strains were maintained on bean plants for at least 5 days following the inoculation of fully expand ...198716347469
transposon mutagenesis and tagging of fluorescent pseudomonas: antimycotic production is necessary for control of dutch elm disease.antimycotic-producing strains of pseudomonas syringae are being tested as dutch elm disease control agents. we examined the role of antimycotic production in disease control. transposon tn903 was used to mutagenize the antimycotic-producing strain msu174. eighty-one mutants that did not inhibit fungal growth were identified among 15,000 tn903-containing derivatives. linkages between tn903 insertions and defects in antimycotic metabolism were established. three tn903-containing strains (two antim ...198716593875
bacterial phytotoxin, syringomycin, induces a protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of red beet plasma membrane polypeptides.syringomycin, a peptide toxin and a virulence factor produced by the bacterial phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, stimulated the phosphorylation of several plasma membrane polypeptides of red beet storage tissue. among these was a 100-kda polypeptide, which corresponds in size to the proton pump atpase. the phosphorylations were insensitive to hydroxylamine, indicating that the polypeptide phosphorylated intermediates involved phosphate ester bonds characteristic of protein kinase- ...198716578820
mechanism of action of pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin, syringomycin : stimulation of red beet plasma membrane atpase activity.syringomycin, a peptide toxin produced by the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv syringae preferentially stimulated (2-fold) the vanadate-sensitive atpase activity associated with the plasma membrane of red beet storage tissue. the toxin had a very slight effect on the tonoplast atpase and had no detectable effect on the mitochondrial atpase. optimal stimulation was achieved with 10 to 50 micrograms of syringomycin per 25 micrograms of membrane protein. treatment of membranes with 0.1% (weigh ...198716665211
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