Publications

nutrition and physiology of pseudomonas fragi.		1957	13502296
taxonomic relationships among the pseudomonads.	colwell, r. r. (university of washington, seattle), and j. liston. taxonomic relationships among the pseudomonads. j. bacteriol. 82:1-14. 1961.-an electronic computer technique, utilizing the adansonian principle that every feature should have equal weight, was applied in an effort to derive a taxonomy of the pseudomonas-achromobacter group of gram-negative, asporogenous, rodlike bacteria. the validity of the general method was tested by an analysis of 40 well defined strains, principally derive ...	1961	13694873
pentose oxidation by pseudomonas fragi.		1961	13783864
production of lipase by pseudomonas fragi in a synthetic medium.	alford, john a. (u.s. department of agriculture, beltsville, md.) and david a. pierce. production of lipase by pseudomonas fragi in a synthetic medium. j. bacteriol. 86:24-29. 1963.-the growth and production of lipase by pseudomonas fragi in 41 dehydrated media were determined. from a chemical analysis of the peptone medium which gave the maximal lipase production, numerous synthetic media were prepared. good cell growth, but no lipase production, was obtained on a buffered ammonium sulfate-gluc ...	1963	14051818
studies with a constitutive aldose dehydrogenase in pseudomonas fragi.		1963	13999575
effect of environmental and physiological conditions on the phase of adjustment of pseudomonas fragi.	the duration of the phase of adjustment of pseudomonas fragi was affected by the physiological age and growth temperature of the inoculum, as well as by the temperature at which the growth curve was determined. cultures in the exponential phase of growth gave shorter lags than stationary-phase and resting-phase inocula. inocula from the latter phase gave the longest lags. inocula grown at the temperature at which the growth curve was determined usually gave the shortest lags: the greater the dif ...	1963	16349631
the metabolism of galactarate, d-glucarate and various pentoses by species of pseudomonas.	1. when nad(+) was present, cell extracts of pseudomonas (a) grown with d-glucarate or galactarate converted 1mol. of either substrate into 1mol. each of 2-oxoglutarate and carbon dioxide; 70-80% of the gas originated from c-1 of the hexarate. 2. the enzyme system that liberated carbon dioxide from galactarate was inactive in air and was stabilized by galactarate or fe(2+) ions; the system that acted on d-glucarate was more stable and was stimulated by mg(2+) ions. 3. when nad(+) was not added, ...	1965	14333567
the extracellular nature of the lipase of pseudomonas fragi.		1965	5881339
inhibition of microbial lipases by fatty acids.	addition of lard or sodium oleate to the medium used for lipase production by pseudomonas fragi resulted in a decreased accumulation of lipase in the culture supernatant fluid without affecting cell growth. the production and activity of lipase was inhibited by lard, sodium oleate, and the salts of other unsaturated fatty acids. some divalent cations, tweens, lecithin, and bovine serum prevented oleate inhibition, but did not reverse it. similar inhibitory actions were observed with geotrichum c ...	1966	5970458
thermal resistance of pseudomonas fragi in milk containing various amounts of fat.	similar populations of pseudomonas fragi were grown at 25 c for 20 hr or at 7 c for 7 days in milk containing 0, 10, and 20% fat; they were then heated at 48, 50, and 52 c in milk containing 0, 10, and 20% fat. after inoculation, the heating medium contained 2.1 x 10(6) to 6.9 x 10(6) organisms per milliliter. the p. fragi cells grown in skim milk had greater thermal resistance (d(52) = 3.0 to 3.1) than those grown in milk containing fat (d(52) = 1.9 to 2.5). the organisms grown at 7 c for 7 day ...	1966	6013210
temperature-dependent anomalies in the growth of microorganims.	davey, c. b. (north carolina state university, raleigh), raymond j. miller, and larry a. nelson. temperature-dependent anomalies in the growth of microorganisms. j. bacteriol. 91:1827-1830. 1966.-water in the liquid phase (0 to 100 c) has been shown, by others, to undergo subtle changes in its physical structure at approximately 15, 30, 45, and 60 c. it has been suggested that these temperature-dependent anomalies in the structure of water may have biological implications. after incubation in a ...	1966	4957023
purification and characterization of the lipase of pseudomonas fragi.		1967	6052627
dehydrogenase activity of pseudomonas species.	single-strain cultures of pseudomonas fragi, p. fluorescens, p. putrefaciens, and strains of two marine species, pseudomonas type i and pseudomonas type ii, were found to be capable of reducing added acetaldehyde, proprionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde to the corresponding alcohols at 21 c. all species studied reduced propionaldehyde at 6 c. p. fragi, pseudomonas type i, and pseudomonas type ii reduced butanone at 6 and 21 c. p. fragi and pseudomonas type ii reduced acetone at 21 c. dehydrogenase a ...	1967	16349730
lipase from pseudomonas fragi. i. purification of the enzyme.	the experimental conditions required to isolate a lipase from pseudomonas fragi were determined. the organism was grown in a buffered tryptone medium for 4 to 5 days at 20 c. the lipase in the culture supernatant fluid was isolated by fractionation with ammonium sulfate at 60% saturation, followed by acetone precipitation at 30-60% concentration. further purification was made by using sephadex g-200 gel-filtration and diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography. electrophoretic analysis of the pu ...	1969	16349851
lipase from pseudomonas fragi. ii. properties of the enzyme.	the optimal ph value of a lipase from pseudomonas fragi was between 7.5 and 8.9, and a high reaction rate was observed at 54 c. heating the enzyme solution at 63 c for 30 min inactivated only 27.6% of its activity; however, total inactivation was observed at 66 c after 1 hr and at 71 c after 10 min. the lipase was inhibited strongly by fe and fe ions, and to a lesser extent by co, cu, zn. no inhibition was observed with ca or naf. ethylenediaminetetraacetate was effective in removing the toxicit ...	1969	16349852
ester production by pseudomonas fragi. ii. factors influencing ester levels in milk cultures.	cultures of pseudomonas fragi were grown at 21 c in sterile homogenized milk and reconstituted skim milk media supplemented with ethyl alcohol. quantitative determinations of ethyl butyrate and ethyl hexanoate by gas-liquid chromatography showed definite increases in the concentrations of the two esters produced in these media in comparison to media not supplemented with ethyl alcohol. supplementation with butyric acid in addition to ethyl alcohol generally elevated the ethyl butyrate concentrat ...	1969	5819608
effects of selected food additives on growth of pseudomonas fragi.		1969	4974935
ester production by pseudomonas fragi. iv. demonstration of esterase activity.	assay of the esterase activity of sonically treated cell-free extracts, whole cell suspensions, and supernatant fluid of pseudomonas fragi cultures with a differential respirometer revealed that the esterases were intracellular. polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis demonstrated six bands of esterase activity, which revealed substrate specificity differences. band 1 exhibited slow mobility, bands 2, 3, and 4 moderate mobility, and bands 5 and 6 rapid mobility. six bands were active with alpha-napht ...	1970	5498602
fatty acid composition of lipid synthesized by pseudomonas fragi.		1971	5141442
action of pseudomonas fragi on the proteins of pig muscle.	considerable salt-soluble protein degradation was observed in pork muscle inoculated with pseudomonas fragi. during a 20-day incubation period at 10 c, the samples proceeded to rank spoilage or putrefaction. there was a large decrease in the salt-soluble protein fraction and a corresponding increase in nonprotein nitrogen. disc gel electrophoretic patterns showed that breakdown of the salt-soluble proteins had occurred after incubation for 20 days. during incubation for 10 days at 10 c, p. fragi ...	1971	4938102
observations by electron microscopy on pig muscle inoculated and incubated with pseudomonas fragi.	myofibrils from pig muscle inoculated and incubated with pseudomonas fragi showed an extremely disrupted appearance as compared to uninoculated controls. there was an almost complete absence of material in the h zone, marked disruption of the a band (probably myosin), and some loss of dense material from the z line. these changes indicated that marked proteolysis had occurred. bacteria observed in spoiled muscle tissue exhibited protrusions or blebs on the outer surface of the cell walls. the bl ...	1971	4109490
experimental studies on the formation of volatile nitrogen compounds induced by pseudomonas fragi in a synthetic medium with amino acids as source of nitrogen.		1972	4634720
experimental studies on the volatile nitrogen compounds produced by pseudomonas fragi in fish extracts.		1972	4673740
proteolytic enzyme preparation from pseudomonas fragi: its action on pig muscle.	an extracellular preparation from pseudomonas fragi with proteolytic enzyme activity was isolated, and its action on meat proteins and meat protein ultrastructure was studied. first, a suitable growth medium for proteolytic enzyme production was determined, and a method for partial purification of the proteolytically active fraction was developed. the enzyme preparation displayed optimal proteolytic activity at neutral ph and 35 c. proteolytic activity was irreversibly lost by mild heat treatmen ...	1973	4716726
identification of the volatile compounds produced in sterile fish muscle (sebastes melanops) by pseudomonas fragi.	volatile compounds produced by pseudomonas fragi strain 18 in sterile fish muscle (sebastes melanops) were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. compounds positively identified included dimethyl sulfide, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, and dimethyl disulfide. methyl mercaptan, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, and butanone were tentatively identified by relative retention times of the authentic compounds. the fruity odor that developed in fish muscle ...	1973	4736793
effects of homologous bacteriophage on growth of pseudomonas fragi wy in milk.	pseudomonas fragi strain wy and its homologous bacteriophage were added in varying concentrations to sterile skim milk which was stored at 7 c for 72 hr. when the initial concentration of the bacterial host was 100,000/ml, addition of as few as 10 plaque-forming units per ml of bacteriophage resulted in significantly lower counts in treated skim milk than in the controls which contained no phage. there was no significant effect, however, when the phage input was 1 in 10 ml and the bacterial coun ...	1973	4568889
conversion of dexon (p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate) to n, n-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine by pseudomonas fragi bk9.	the metabolism of the fungicide dexon (p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate) by a soil bacterium is reported for the first time. the organism which is capable of using dexon only by a co-metabolic process was obtained by enrichment culture and was identified as pseudomonas fragi. the first metabolic product of dexon was identified as n,n-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. the presence of an enzyme, p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate reductase, capable of reducing dexon to n,n-dimethy ...	1974	4809909
isolation of an extracellular neutral proteinase from pseudomonas fragi.	a single proteolytic enzyme (ec 3.4.4.-) was isolated from culture supernatants of pseudomonas fragi with 20% yielded and 60-fold purification by means of stepwise deae-sephadex batch adsorption, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and deae-cellulose chromatography. the enzyme was zn-2+ activated and ca-2+ stabilized, had optimum activity at ph 6.5--8.0 and 40 degrees c. the molecular weight range was 40 000--50 000 as determined by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, gel filtration ...	1975	236771
n-nitrosamine formation by cultures of several microorganisms.	of 38 pure cultures of microorganisms tested, only one, pseudomonas stutzeri, was capable of forming dimethylnitrosamine from dimethylamine and nitrite during growth. resting cells of p. stutzeri, cryptococcus terreus, escherichia coli, and xanthomonas campestris formed dimethylnitrosamine, although no nitrosamine was found in growing cultures of the latter three organisms. no nitrosamine was produced by either growing cultures or resting-cell suspensions of pseudomonas fragi or proteus mirabili ...	1976	7197
isolation and properties of the protease from the wild-type and mutant strains of pseudomonas fragi.	a simplified procedure for the purification of the extracellular protease of pseudomonas fragi was developed. the enzyme was isolated from a derepressed mutant producing 40 times the enzyme level of the parental organism. it was collected from culture filtrates by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and it was obtained in pure form by single chromatography on a column of diethylaminoethyl cellulose. the protease had a molecular weight of 52,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophore ...	1979	42639
production of hydrogen peroxide by lactobacillus acidophilus.	hydrogen peroxide production in reconstituted skim milk (10%) and low-fat milk by four strains lf lactobacillus acidophilus was studied at 37 and 4 c. strains a and b produced little, but strains c and d produced larger amounts, especially if agitated continuously during growth at 37 c or storage at 4 c. continuous shaking was required at 4 c for c or d (4.0 x 10(8)/ml) to produce sufficient hydrogen peroxide to retard growth of pseudomonas fragi. flavin adenine dinucleotide stimulated the oxida ...	1980	6768778
effect of high concentrations of carbon dioxide on growth rate of pseudomonas fragi, bacillus cereus and streptococcus cremoris.		1980	6773917
substrate specificity of a proteolytic enzyme isolated from a mutant of pseudomonas fragi.	previous studies have described the isolation of mutationally altered proteases in pseudomonas fragi (noreau, j., and drapeau, g.r. (1979) j. bacteriol, 140, 911-916. in the present study, it is shown that one of these proteases cleaves specifically the peptide bonds on the nh2-terminal side of either aspartic acid or cysteic acid residues in oxidized ribonuclease. with myoglobin as the substrate, a similar specificity was observed except that only four out of the six aspartyl bonds present were ...	1980	7188696
the influence of temperature on the growth inhibitory effect of carbon dioxide on pseudomonas fragi and bacillus cereus.	the growth inhibitory effect of 50 kpa (0.5 atm) co2 was tested for pseudomonas fragi in the temperature range 5-35 degrees c and of 101 kpa (1 atm) co2 on bacillus cereus in the range 18-46 degrees c. the maximum specific growth rate (mumax) of p. fragi in air (ph 6.7) was 0.44 h-1 at 35c, 0.66 h-1 at 30 degrees c, and 0.078 h-1 at 5 degrees c. in 50 kpa of co2 in air the relative inhibition of the growth rate was about 30% at 35 degrees c, 50% at 30 degrees c, and 90% at 5 degrees c. thus, the ...	1981	6783284
scanning electron microscope study of pseudomonas fragi on intact and sarcoplasm-depleted bovine longissimus dorsi muscle.	intact bovine longissimus dorsi muscle strips used 24 h postmortem were washed to remove sarcoplasmic fluid or left intact and were either left uninoculated or inoculated with pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973. the effects of decreased sarcoplasm concentration on growth of p. fragi and consequent microstructural changes of beef muscle during aerobic storage at 4 degrees c for 12 days were evaluated. p. fragi grew slower on washed muscle than on intact muscle. scanning electron micrographs revealed sur ...	1982	7081988
numerical taxonomy of psychrotrophic pseudomonads.	the taxonomy of 218 psychrotrophic pseudomonad strains (200 field strains from meat and 18 type and reference strains) was numerically studied by 174 biochemical and physiological tests. all strains were gram-negative rods, oxidative positive and motile by means of one or more polar flagella. the strains clustered into 15 groups, of which 9 were regarded as major clusters. the major clusters were designated as pseudomonas fragi (112 strains), p. fluorescens biotype iii (7 strains), p. fluorescen ...	1982	7119735
the classification of pseudomonads and other obligately aerobic gram-negative bacteria from british pork sausage and ingredients.	on the basis of a computer analysis of 126 characters for each of 20 stock cultures and 165 isolates of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria from fresh and processed pork, 138 isolates were identified with pseudomonas. these were separated into 5 major clusters and 1 minor group. twelve isolates were identified with moraxella, 4 with alteromonas and 11 were left unassigned. the identification of 101 isolates with pseudomonas fragi provides substantive evidence that this species is the principal aerob ...	1983	23194741
human and murine class i mhc antigens share conserved serine 335, the site of hla phosphorylation in vivo.	the site of phosphorylation of the hla-b7 antigen in vivo is serine 335, which is located in the intracellular region. pseudomonas fragi protease was used in limited proteolysis experiments of hla antigens to identify the position of the phosphoserine residue. the intracellular region is composed of 30 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain; up to nine serine residues are located in this region. four of the serines are found at the distal end, and are encoded by exon 7 in both h ...	1984	6430898
ultrastructural localization of an extracellular protease in pseudomonas fragi by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction.	an extracellular protease, which previously has been found to correlate with the appearance of bleblike evaginations on the cell wall of pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973, was purified 38-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation and sephadex chromatography to yield a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against the purified enzyme had an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer of 4 x 10(7). the peroxidase antiperoxidase method was u ...	1985	3909961
mixed carbon source utilization of meat-spoiling pseudomonas fragi 72 in relation to oxygen limitation and carbon dioxide inhibition.	the growth of meat-spoiling pseudomonas fragi 72 was studied on a defined salt medium supplemented with l-aspartate, citrate, creatine, creatinine, d-glucose, l-glutamate, and l-lactate. the utilization of the different carbon sources was followed in batch and continuous culture and under the influence of oxygen limitation and carbon dioxide inhibition (50% co2 in air). under nonrestricted atmospheric conditions in batch culture, the organism showed a preference in the utilization of the carbon ...	1985	3925882
sulfite, an elective agent in the microbiological and chemical changes occurring in uncooked comminuted meat products.	the literature dealing with sulfite preservation of meat products is reviewed. discussion is centered on three aspects: (i) the elective action of sulfite, whereby its presence in meat products encourages the development of an association of gram-positive bacteria (brochothrix thermosphacta and homofermentative lactobacilli) and yeasts. unsulfited products tend to be dominated by pseudomonas fragi at chill, and enterobacteriaceae at ambient temperatures; (ii) the diminution of the preservative p ...	1985	3902765
identification of proteolytic pseudomonads isolated from raw milk.	proteolytic pseudomonads isolated from raw milk were classified by numerical taxonomy. unweighted pair-group average-linkage cluster analysis was used to cluster 49 bacterial strains, of which 26 were pseudomonas species, as described in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, based on 52 characters. the milk isolates resided in two clusters; one containing pseudomonas fluorescens and the other pseudomonas fragi. the isolates identified with pseudomonas fluorescens hydrolyzed milk pro ...	1985	3930583
lethal effect of butylated hydroxyanisole as related to bacterial fatty acid composition.	bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas fragi, escherichia coli, and salmonella "anatum" were challenged with butylated hydroxyanisole (bha). susceptibility was measured as the concentration of bha required to cause a 90% reduction in bacterial survivors. staphylococcus aureus lp and p. fragi were two of the most resistant species examined; c. perfringens and p. fluorescens were the most susceptible. gram stain reaction was found not ...	1986	2873790
effect of an elevated level of carbon dioxide containing atmosphere on the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria at 2, 7, and 13 c.	the effect of 80% co2 (balance air) on the survival and growth of microorganisms most often associated with spoilage and foodborne disease in poultry carcasses was compared to air at 2, 7, and 13 c. the co2 atmosphere substantially retarded the growth of the total bacterial load in uninoculated ground chicken meat and parts at all temperatures when compared to air; however, temperature had a larger overall effect than atmosphere. ground chicken meat and synthetic broth were inoculated (greater t ...	1986	3090536
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the lipase gene from pseudomonas fragi.	the gene coding for the lipase of pseudomonas fragi was cloned into escherichia coli jm83 by inserting sau3a-generated dna fragments into the bamh i site of puc9. the plasmid isolated, pkko, was restriction mapped and the position of the lipase gene on the 2.0 kb insert was pinpointed by subcloning. dna sequencing revealed that the open reading frame comprises 405 nucleotides and gives a preprotein of 135 amino acids with a predicted mr of 14643. by comparing the putative lipase amino acid seque ...	1986	3800995
volatile compounds produced by meat pseudomonads and relate reference strains during growth on beef stored in air at chill temperatures.	volatile compounds produced by 31 strains of pseudomonads and by reference strains of pseudomonas fragi and ps. fluorescens biotype 1 during growth on beef stored at 6 degrees c in air were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of headspace gases. compounds of major sensory significance were ethyl and methyl esters of c2-c8 fatty acids and sulphur-containing compounds which included methane- and isopropanethiols and their related sulphides and thioesters but not hydrogen sulphide. est ...	1987	3610888
glucose, the key substrate in the microbiological changes occurring in meat and certain meat products.	the literature dealing with the role of glucose in the microbiological changes of meat and certain meat products is reviewed. discussion is centered on two aspects. first, glucose plays a part in the selection of the dominant spoilage organisms, pseudomonas fragi, ps. lundensis, and ps. fluorescens, on red meat stored aerobically under chill (2-7 degrees c) conditions. it is concluded that the pseudomonads flourish because they convert glucose to the less commonly used substrate, gluconate. the ...	1988	3293613
[taxonomic study of pseudomonas fragi].		1988	3412197
cloning, sequencing and expression of the lipase gene from pseudomonas fragi ifo-12049 in e. coli.	the lipase gene from pseudomonas fragi ifo-12049 was isolated using the expression library and the primary structure of lipase deduced from the nucleotide sequence was determined. it is composed of 277 amino acid residues and a protein of mr 29,966, which was close to the value of the lipase expressed in e. coli.	1988	3060375
enzymatic transesterification with the lipase from pseudomonas fragi 22.39 b in a non-aqueous reaction system.	the lipase from pseudomonas fragi 22.39 b catalyzed the transesterification in ester and alcohol mixtures without any other solvent. activated esters, such as vinyl and phenyl esters, were excellent acyl donors for the reaction, and the activity was enhanced by increasing the carbon number of the fatty acid fraction of the esters. primary alcohols were esterified faster than secondary ones in this reaction system, while tertiary alcohols such as alpha-terpineol did not react at all. the lipase e ...	1988	3235444
a numerical taxonomic study of non-motile non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria from foods.	a numerical taxonomic study using 155 unit characters was performed on 63 strains of gram-negative non-motile non-fermentative bacteria isolated from proteinaceous foods. similar bacteria from other sources and several pseudomonas strains from meat were included for reference purposes. three clusters were observed at 76% s which contained all the food strains. cluster 1 was composed entirely of acinetobacter strains including 17 isolated from foods that were provisionally identified with acineto ...	1988	3209519
volatile compounds associated with microbial growth on normal and high ph beef stored at chill temperatures.	volatile compounds produced by pseudomonas fragi and mixed, natural floras on beef of normal ph (5.5-5.8; glucose greater than 1500 micrograms/g) and high ph (6.3-6.8; glucose less than 10 micrograms/g) included a range of alkyl esters and a number of sulphur-containing compounds including dimethylsulphide but not hydrogen sulphide. production of the last was a property common to the other gram-negative organisms tested viz. hafnia alvei, enterobacter agglomerans, serratia liquefaciens, alteromo ...	1989	2753835
specificity of endoproteinase asp-n (pseudomonas fragi): cleavage at glutamyl residues in two proteins.	endoproteinase asp-n, a metalloprotease from a mutant strain of pseudomonas fragi, has been reported to specifically cleave on the n-terminal side of aspartyl and cysteic acid residues. we utilized this enzyme to generate fragments for determining the amino acid sequence of the d-aspartyl/l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase isozyme i from human erythrocytes. surprisingly, we identified cleavage sites for this enzyme at the n-terminal side of several glutamyl residues in addition to the expected clea ...	1989	2669754
esterification of chiral secondary alcohols with fatty acid in organic solvents by polyethylene glycol-modified lipase.	lipase from pseudomonas fragi 22.39b was modified with polyethylene glycol. the modified lipase (peg-lipase) was soluble and active in organic solvents such as benzene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. peg-lipase catalyzed esterification of chiral secondary alcohols with fatty acids in benzene and exhibited preference for r isomers over s isomers. km and vmax values for each isomer of various alcohols were obtained by kinetic study of the esterification in benzene. peg-lipase-catalyzed esterification l ...	1989	2635854
sequence of the d-aspartyl/l-isoaspartyl protein methyltransferase from human erythrocytes. common sequence motifs for protein, dna, rna, and small molecule s-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases.	a widely distributed protein methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from s-adenosyl-methionine to the free carboxyl groups of d-aspartyl and/or l-isoaspartyl derivatives of l-aspartyl and l-asparaginyl residues. this enzyme has been postulated to function in the repair or the catabolism of age-damaged proteins. we present here the complete amino acid sequence of the more basic isozyme i of this enzyme from human erythrocytes. the sequence was determined by edman degradation a ...	1989	2684970
a numerical taxonomic study of proteolytic and lipolytic psychrotrophs isolated from caprine milk.	lipolytic and proteolytic psychrotrophs were isolated from raw and pasteurized goats' milk, which had been stored at 5 degrees c for 7 d. the 241 strains isolated and 20 reference strains were examined by 149 biochemical, physiological, and morphological tests. the results yielded 195 characters suitable for taxonomic analysis. computer-assisted complete linkage analysis, using the jaccard coefficient, produced 22 phenons at 75% s. the results showed that pseudomonas fluorescens was the predomin ...	1989	2496069
classification of the spoilage flora of fish, with special reference to shewanella putrefaciens.	one hundred and fifty-nine gram-negative strains isolated from refrigerated fish, taken from the baltic sea or swedish inland waters, together with 32 reference strains of shewanella, pseudomonas, aeromonas and alcaligenes, were phenotypically classified using 124 unit characters. data were processed by the simple matching (ssm) and jaccard (sj) coefficients, and unweighted pair group algorithm with arithmetic averages. fourteen clusters were defined at the 75% sj similarity level which correspo ...	1990	2391295
purification of the multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation from pseudomonas fragi and reconstitution of the fatty acid oxidation system.	the multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation was purified from pseudomonas fragi, which was grown on oleic acid as the sole carbon source. this complex exhibited enoyl-coa hydratase [ec 4.2.1.17], 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase [ec 1.1.1.35], 3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase [ec 2.3.1.16], cis-3,trans-2-enoyl-coa isomerase [ec 5.3.3.3], and 3-hydroxyacyl-coa epimerase [ec 5.1.2.3] activities. the molecular weight of the native complex was estimated to be 240,000. two types of subunits, with molecular ...	1990	2361950
comparison of enrichment and plating media for isolation of yersinia.	yersinia enterocolitica (serotypes 0:3 or 0:8), yersinia frederiksenii, yersinia kristensenii, or yersinia intermedia along with 10(8) cells of each of three extraneous organisms (escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas fragi), all commonly found on market poultry, were inoculated into five enrichment media followed by streaking onto 11 plating media to determine the most-efficacious combinations for future surveys or assessment studies. for yersinia enterocolitica (0:8), infrequen ...	1990	2356183
centroid search optimization of cultural conditions affecting the production of extracellular proteinase by pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973.	the production of extracellular proteinase by pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973 grown in a defined citrate medium, containing glutamine as the sole nitrogen source, was determined under varying cultural conditions. simultaneous evaluation of cultural conditions using a 'centroid search' optimization technique showed that the optimum cultural conditions for proteinase production by ps. fragi were: incubation temperature, 12.5 degrees c; incubation time, 38 h; initial ph, 6.8; organic nitrogen concentra ...	1990	2292518
bioluminescence assay for estimating the hydrophobic properties of bacteria as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography.	the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence method was used to estimate the number of bacteria retained in neutral and amphiphilic gels and those in the eluate to determine the hydrophobic surface properties of bacteria by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. good correlations were found between viable counts and atp content for escherichia coli, pseudomonas fragi, and listeria monocytogenes. atp determination was more rapid than viable counts for characterizing the relative hydrophobicity ...	1991	1908207
biological and clinical relevance of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa) in breast cancer.	tumor cell invasion and metastasis is a multifactorial process, which at each step may require the action of proteolytic enzymes such as collagenases, cathepsins, plasmin, or plasminogen activators. an enzymatically inactive proenzyme form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-upa) is secreted by tumor cells which may be converted to an enzymatically active two-chain upa-molecule (hmw-upa) by plasmin-like enzymes. action of proteases on pro-upa may generate the enzymatically active or ...	1991	1801751
structure of the glycocalyx polysaccharide of pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973.	the structure of the exocellular glycocalyx polysaccharide of pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973, a bacterium implicated in the spoilage of meat, has been determined using hydrolysis, methylation analysis and 1d- and 2d-n.m.r. spectroscopy. the polysaccharide, which aids in the adhesion of the cells to each other and to the meat tissue, has the regular repeating unit ----4)-3-o-[(r)-1-carboxyethyl]-alpha-d-glcp-(1----3)-beta-d-manpnac+ ++- (1----4)-beta-d-glcp-(1----. random partial o-acetylation occur ...	1991	1797390
the behavior of selected microorganisms during the manufacture of high moisture jack cheeses from ultrafiltered milk.	whole milk was pasteurized and concentrated two times by ultrafiltration. starter cultures, lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris and lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, were propagated in either reconstituted skim milk, two times uf retentate, or uf permeate, or a direct vat system was used for the starter culture. the cheese milk was simultaneously inoculated with starter culture and pseudomonas fragi 4973, staphylococcus aureus 196e, and salmonella typhimurium var. hillfarm. control whole milk, uf con ...	1991	1779045
production of proteases by psychrotrophic microorganisms.	six milk-derived psychrotrophic microbial cultures were screened for the ability to grow at refrigerated temperatures and produce proteases in reconstituted skim milk. of these, two cultures, pseudomonas fluorescens m3/6 and pseudomonas fragi k122, produced extracellular protease(s) beginning 7 d postinoculation when the cultures had entered late log or early stationary phases of growth. further work with these two cultures showed that intracellular proteases were present after only 20-h incubat ...	1991	1744258
numerical taxonomy of gram-negative, nonmotile, nonfermentative bacteria isolated during chilled storage of lamb carcasses.	a numerical taxonomic study using 75 characters was performed with 132 strains of gram-negative, nonmotile, nonfermentative bacteria selected on the basis of lack of motility and gram reaction among 1,200 cultures isolated during aerobic storage of lamb carcasses. at the 80% similarity level (ssm), eight clusters were formed. strains in clusters 1 to 6 could be identified as members of the family moraxellaceae and, more specifically, as members of the psychrobacter-[moraxella] phenylpyruvica sub ...	1992	1637162
induction of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in pseudomonas fragi b-0771 cells grown in media supplemented with fatty acid.	induction of the enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in pseudomonas fragi b-0771 cells grown in a medium containing straight chain saturated fatty acids was studied. the acyl-coa dehydrogenase (acdh) activity was induced during the exponential phase in cells grown in palmitic acid-supplemented medium, reached a maximum at the early stationary phase, and then gradually decreased thereafter. changes in the overall activities of 2-enoyl-coa hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, b ...	1992	1607360
use of long-chain fatty acid-coa ligase (amp-forming) from pseudomonas fragi for the 'in vitro' synthesis of natural penicillins.	five different naturally occurring penicillins containing as side chains hexanoic, trans-3-hexenoic, heptanoic, octanoic or trans-3-octenoic acids have been synthesized 'in vitro' by coupling long-chain fatty acid-coa ligase (amp-forming) (ec 6.2.1.3) from pseudomonas fragi (lfcoa-l) with acyl-coa: 6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase (at) from penicillium chrysogenum. the quantity of penicillin produced was directly related with the carbon length of the side chain precursor tested, being ma ...	1992	1327953
primary structures of the genes, faoa and faob, from pseudomonas fragi b-0771 which encode the two subunits of the hdt multienzyme complex involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.	three enzyme activities involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, i.e., those of enoyl-coa hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, and 3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase, are exhibited by one multienzyme complex (hdt) composed of two molecules each of two peptides in pseudomonas fragi. using specific antisera against the two subunits of hdt, we isolated the genes encoding the subunits of hdt and designated them "faoa" (for the alpha-subunit) and "faob" (for the beta-subunit). their complete nucleotide sequ ...	1992	1607366
destruction of bacteria on fresh meat by hot water.	strains of different bacterial genera; escherichia coli (7), salmonella serotypes (7), enteropathogenic e. coli o 157 (2), aeromonas hydrophila (4), yersinia enterocolytica (1), pseudomonas fragi (5), and listeria monocytogenes (5), inoculated onto the surface tissues of pieces of fresh beef were found to be susceptible to the lethal action of hot water. on average, more than 3 log10 (99.9%) of these organisms were destroyed when water at 80 degrees c was applied for 10 or 20 s. therefore, a hot ...	1992	1468533
application of the random amplified polymorphic dna using the polymerase chain reaction for efficient elimination of duplicate strains in microbial screening. iii. bacteria.	random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was evaluated for the selection and elimination of bacterial strains used in microbial screening. for this pilot study we used eight bacterial strains producing fragin and two pseudomonas fragi strains, which are often isolated during the screening. a dendrogram constructed by the statistical analysis using parsimony, paup, based on the band patterns of rapd with primer r28 was in good correlation with the results of dna-dna hybridization, hplc an ...	1994	8150715
isolation from food sources, of lactic acid bacteria that produced antimicrobials.	the potential of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from a variety of foods, to inhibit indicators representative of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with food products was examined. fruit and vegetables were a poor source of lactic acid bacteria but large numbers were readily isolated on mrs agar from cheese, milk and meat samples. approximately 1000 isolates from each of the food samples were examined by the deferred antagonism procedure to determine their ability to inhibit staphylococ ...	1994	8144413
transcription of the faoab operon which encodes the hdt multienzyme complex involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in pseudomonas fragi b-0771.	transcription of the two clustered genes, faoa and faob, for the multienzyme complex for fatty acid beta-oxidation (hdt) from the gram-negative bacterium, pseudomonas fragi, was investigated. northern blot hybridization and primer extension analysis indicated that these genes comprised an operon, giving a 3.6 kb mrna. transcription of the 3.6 kb faoab mrna was induced by palmitic acid. using the lacz gene as a reporter gene for a promoter activity search, the essential region for induction of th ...	1994	8206878
a sensitive assay of acyl-coenzyme a oxidase by coupling with beta-oxidation multienzyme complex.	a highly sensitive and reliable method for assaying acyl-coa oxidase (ec 1.3.99.3) activity was developed. an acyl-coa oxidase-dependent [1-14c]palmitoyl-coa degradation to acetyl-coa, acid-soluble products, was measured by coupling with the multienzyme complex for fatty acid oxidation from pseudomonas fragi. the activity, more than 2 pmol/min, could be assessed using this method. the activity was dependent on the coupling enzyme (multienzyme complex), coenzymes such as nad+ and coa, and oxygen, ...	1994	7810878
metabolic activities of pseudomonads in batch cultures in extract of minced lamb.	pseudomonas fragi, ps. lundensis and ps. fluorescens were studied in axenic batch cultures growing in a lamb juice (ph 6.0) aerobically or in an atmosphere (ps. fragi only) enriched with carbon dioxide at 4 degrees c. with all but a glucose dehydrogenase-deficient strain of ps. fluorescens there was a sequential catabolism of glucose and lactate. diauxic growth was observed in a nutrient-deficient meat juice supplemented with glucose and lactate. a transient peak in the concentration of gluconat ...	1994	7822220
effect of growth temperatures on the protein levels in a psychrotrophic bacterium, pseudomonas fragi.	pseudomonas fragi has the ability to grow between 0 and 35 degrees c and grows optimally at 30 degrees c. cellular proteins from mid-log-phase cells growing from 4 to 34 degrees c were labeled with l-[35s]methionine during 1 generation time and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. the electrophoretic patterns revealed differences in the patterns of protein synthesis over this temperature span. a qualitative comparison of cellular proteins led to their separation into five thermal cla ...	1994	8021184
effect of chitosan in meat preservation.	the effect of chitosan in meat preservation, including microbiological, chemical, sensory and color qualities, was examined. in liquid medium, chitosan (0·01%) inhibited the growth of some spoilage bacteria such as bacillus subtilis ifo 3025, escherichia coli rb, pseudomonas fragi ifo 3458 and staphylococcus aureus iam 1011. at higher concentrations (0·1 and 1·0%) it inhibited the growth of the meat starter cultures, lactobacillus plantarium iam 1216, pediococcus pentosaceus iam 12296 and microc ...	1994	22059662
isolation of the measles virus hemagglutinin protein in a soluble form by protease digestion.	the hemagglutinin (h) glycoprotein was isolated in a soluble form by digesting measles virus particles with an endoproteinase, asp-n (from a pseudomonas fragi mutant). digestion of h with asp-n brought about glycopeptides in three different forms, depending on the cleaving site: ahd, which has an m(r) of 66,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and which formed a disulfide-linked homodimer with an m(r) of 132,000, and two monomeric digestion products, ahm ...	1995	7983748
spoilage bacteria of fresh broiler chicken carcasses.	studies were conducted to identify the bacteria responsible for spoilage of fresh broiler chicken carcasses and to characterize the off-odors these bacteria produce. broiler carcasses were collected from processing plants in the northeast georgia area, the southeastern u.s., arkansas, california, and north carolina. the carcasses were allowed to spoil under controlled conditions at 3 c and spoilage bacteria were isolated. each spoilage bacterium was separately inoculated into a sterile chicken s ...	1995	8825595
attributes of microbial associations of meat growing as xenic batch cultures in a meat juice at 4 degrees c.	strains of gram-positive (carnobacterium piscicola, leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, brochothrix thermosphacta) and gram-negative (pseudomonas fragi and hafnia alvei) bacteria isolated from minced lamb packaged under a modified atmosphere were cultivated in a meat (lamb) juice at 4 degrees c. carbohydrates were catabolised in the order glucose > glucose 6-phosphate during the development of the population. under an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide the gram-negative portion ...	1995	7488524
lactic acid inhibition of the growth of spoilage bacteria and cold tolerant pathogens on pork.	the antibacterial effects of a 3% solution of lactic acid at 55 degrees c were assessed, by examining aerobic bacterial growth on artificially-inoculated pork fat and lean tissue. discs of fat or lean tissues, each of 10 cm2 surface area, were aseptically excised from pork longissimus dorsi muscle and inoculated with the cold tolerant pathogens listeria monocytogenes 4b scott a no. 3, yersinia enterocolitica 0:4,32 or aeromonas hydrophila atcc 7966, or with the wild type spoilage bacteria pseudo ...	1995	7547145
lipase from pseudomonas fragi crda 323: partial purification, characterization and interesterification of butter fat.	several strains of pseudomonas were screened for lipase production using the rhodamine agar diffusion test. on the basis of the diameter of the halo produced, p. fragi crda 323 and p. putida atcc 795 were considered to be good and weak lipase producers respectively. p. fragi, cultured in a 2-l fermenter, produced a maximal amount of lipase after 3-4 days of incubation at 27 degrees c. the lipase extract of p. fragi was obtained by acidification of culture supernatant at ph 4.0 and partially puri ...	1995	7766135
characterization of an alkaline lipase from proteus vulgaris k80 and the dna sequence of the encoding gene.	a facultatively anaerobic bacterium producing an extracellular alkaline lipase was isolated from the soil collected near a sewage disposal plant in korea and identified to be a strain of proteus vulgaris. the molecular mass of the purified lipase k80 was estimated to be 31 kda by sds-page. it was found to be an alkaline enzyme having maximum hydrolytic activity at ph 10, while fairly stable in a wide ph range from 5 to 11. the gene for lipase k80 was cloned in escherichia coli. sequence analysis ...	1996	8598267
a new inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.	the mitochondrial enoyl-coa hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-coa thiolase trifunctional protein (trifunctional protein) plays a major role in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. the enzyme complex consists of four molecules of alpha-subunit containing both hydratase and dehydrogenase domains and four molecules of beta-subunit containing the thiolase domain. the primary structure of a gastrin-binding protein (gbp) was highly homologous to that of the alpha-subunit of the trifu ...	1996	8827458
effect of different temperature upshifts on protein synthesis by the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudomonas fragi	pseudomonas fragi, a psychrotroph bacterium involved in meat product spoilage, was shifted either from 5degrees to 20degreesc or 30degreesc and from 28degrees to 34degreesc. the heat-shocked cells in the mid-log phase rapidly reached the characteristic growth rate of the postshock temperature. the patterns of synthesized proteins were compared by autoradiography of two-dimensional gel electrophoregrams. the rates of synthesis, after transfer of cells from 5degrees to 30degreesc, 5degrees to 20de ...	1996	8661683
acquisition of iron by the non-siderophore-producing pseudomonas fragi.	the iron requirement, siderophore production and iron uptake mechanisms of the type strain pseudomonas fragi atcc 4973 and five p. fragi isolates from meat were analysed. the strains exhibited a high sensitivity to iron starvation: their growth was strongly inhibited in medium supplemented with the iron chelator ethylenediamine di(hydroxyphenylacetic acid) or in medium treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline to remove contaminating iron. no siderophores were detectable in the growth supernatants of iron ...	1996	8704960
axenic aerobic biofilms inhibit corrosion of sae 1018 steel through oxygen depletion.	corrosion inhibition of sae 1018 steel by pure-culture biofilms of pseudomonas fragi and escherichia coli dh5 alpha has been evaluated in complex luria-bertani medium, seawater-mimicking medium, and modified baar's medium at 30 degrees c. in batch cultures, both bacteria inhibited corrosion three to six fold compared to sterile controls, and the corrosion was comparable to that observed in anaerobic sterile media. to corroborate this result, a continuous reactor and electrochemical impedance spe ...	1997	9274042
the gene for albicidin detoxification from pantoea dispersa encodes an esterase and attenuates pathogenicity of xanthomonas albilineans to sugarcane.	albicidin phytotoxins are pathogenicity factors in a devastating disease of sugarcane known as leaf scald, caused by xanthomonas albilineans. a gene (albd) from pantoea dispersa has been cloned and sequenced and been shown to code for a peptide of 235 amino acids that detoxifies albicidin. the gene shows no significant homology at the dna or protein level to any known sequence, but the gene product contains a gxsxg motif that is conserved in serine hydrolases. the albd protein, purified to homog ...	1997	9275238
adherence to stainless steel by foodborne microorganisms during growth in model food systems.	biofilm formation on stainless steel by salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, pseudomonas fragi and pseudomonas fluorescens during growth in model food systems was studied. test growth media included tryptic soy broth (tsb), diluted tsb (dtsb), 1% reconstituted skim milk (rsm) and diluted meat juice (dmj). adherent cells were stained with acridine orange and enumerated using epifluorescent microscopy and computerized image analysis. cells were observed on the ...	1997	9310849
isolation and identification of antimicrobial furocoumarins from parsley.	photoactive furocoumarins extracted from four varieties of fresh and freeze-dried parsley leaves inhibited a dna repair-deficient escherichia coli in a photobiological assay. using media-modified assays, the human pathogens e. coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes, the spoilage microorganism erwinia carotovora, and listeria innocua were also inhibited. pseudomonas fragi was not inhibited. minimum concentrations of forest green parsley powder in agar which showed inhibition ranged from 0.12% to ...	1997	10465045
the cold shock response of the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudomonas fragi involves four low-molecular-mass nucleic acid-binding proteins.	the psychrotrophic bacterium pseudomonas fragi was subjected to cold shocks from 30 or 20 to 5 degrees c. the downshifts were followed by a lag phase before growth resumed at a characteristic 5 degrees c growth rate. the analysis of protein patterns by two-dimentional gel electrophoresis revealed overexpression of 25 or 17 proteins and underexpression of 12 proteins following the 30- or 20-to-5 degrees c shift, respectively. the two downshifts shared similar variations of synthesis of 20 protein ...	1997	9393697
reconstitution, morphology and crystallization of a fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex from pseudomonas fragi.	the fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex from pseudomonas fragi, hdt, exhibits predominantly the three enzymic activities of 2-enoyl-coa hydratase (ec 4.2.1.17), 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.35) and 3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase (ec 2.3.1.16). the hdt complex is encoded by the faoab operon, consisting of the faoa and faob genes that encode two individual constituents, the alpha-subunit and the beta-subunit. we have constructed escherichia coli overexpression systems for the faoab ...	1997	9396725
utilization of oligopeptides by listeria monocytogenes scott a.	for effective utilization of peptides, listeria monocytogenes possesses two different peptide transport systems. the first one is the previously described proton motive force (pmf)-driven di- and tripeptide transport system (a. verheul, a. hagting, m.-r. amezaga, i. r. booth, f. m. rombouts, and t. abee, appl. environ. microbiol, 61:226-233, 1995). the present results reveal that l. monocytogenes possesses an oligopeptide transport system, presumably requiring atp rather than the pmf as the driv ...	1998	9501445
identification of pseudomonads from fresh and chill-stored chicken carcasses.	results of carbon source assimilation tests (17 carbon compounds) led to 88% of pseudomonads from cold-stored chicken carcasses being assigned to one of 17 groups. of these groups, 13 had combinations of properties identical to, or with readily recognizable degrees of similarity to those of published species/biovars. two of the four groups having carbon assimilation patterns dissimilar to any known species had cellular fatty acid composition corresponding to pseudomonas fluorescens, and two to p ...	1998	9553797
growth of pseudomonas fluorescens and pseudomonas fragi in a meat medium as affected by ph (5.8-7.0), water activity (0.97-1.00) and temperature (7-25 degrees c).	a total of 59 strains of pseudomonas, isolated from meat products, were grown in micro-titer plates in a meat medium over a range of ph (5.8-7.0), alpha w (0.97-1.00) and temperature (7-25 degrees c). growths were performed in a meat broth with an automated turbidimeter (bioscreen c, labsystem, france). the growth curves obtained in this study did not have sigmoidal shapes making it impossible to calculate growth parameters using the gompertz equation. the medium was weakly oxygenated in the mic ...	1998	9562876
volatile components associated with bacterial spoilage of tropical prawns.	analysis of headspace volatiles by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry from king (penaeus plebejus), banana (p. merguiensis), tiger (p. esculentus/semisulcatus) and greasy (metapenaeus bennettae) prawns stored in ice or ice slurry, which is effectively an environment of low oxygen tension, indicated the presence of amines at the early stages of storage (less than 8 days) irrespective of the nature of the storage media. esters were more prevalent in prawns stored on ice (normal oxygen conditions ...	1998	9706797
characterization of axenic pseudomonas fragi and escherichia coli biofilms that inhibit corrosion of sae 1018 steel.	corrosion inhibition of sae 1018 steel by pseudomonas fragi and escherichia coli biofilms has been evaluated using batch cultures in rich medium (lb) and seawater-mimicking medium (vnss) at 23 degrees c and 30 degrees c with or without daily medium replenishment. biofilm components have been stained simultaneously for polysaccharide (calcofluor) and live and dead cells (live/dead baclit viability kit) and visualized using confocal scanning laser microscopy (cslm). image analysis was used to quan ...	1998	9633647
antimicrobial properties of human lysozyme transgenic mouse milk.	the antimicrobial properties of standard human lysozyme and the milk of transgenic mice expressing human lysozyme were investigated using bacterial strains important to the dairy industry. standard human lysozyme was found to be effective at significantly slowing the growth of the milk cold-spoilage organism pseudomonas fragi (p < 0.001), of a clinical isolate of the mastitis-causing organism staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.005), and a nonpathogenic strain of e. coli (p < 0.05). milk from transgeni ...	1998	9708253
a small, dilute-cytoplasm, high-affinity, novel bacterium isolated by extinction culture and having kinetic constants compatible with growth at ambient concentrations of dissolved nutrients in seawater.	dilutions of raw seawater produced a bacterial isolate capable of extended growth in unamended seawater. its 2.9-mb genome size and 40-fg dry mass were similar to values for many naturally occurring aquatic organotrophs, but water and dna comprised a large portion of this small chemoheterotroph, as compared to escherichia coli. the isolate used only a few aromatic hydrocarbons and acetate, and glucose and amino acid incorporation were entirely absent, although many membrane and cytoplasmic prote ...	1998	9797308
genetic characterization and heterologous expression of brochocin-c, an antibotulinal, two-peptide bacteriocin produced by brochothrix campestris atcc 43754.	brochocin-c, produced by brochothrix campestris atcc 43754, is active against many strains of the closely related meat spoilage organism brochothrix thermosphacta and a wide range of other gram-positive bacteria, including spores of clostridium botulinum. purification of the active compound and genetic characterization of brochocin-c revealed that it is a chromosomally encoded, two-peptide nonlantibiotic bacteriocin. both peptides of brochocin-c are ribosomally synthesized as prepeptides that ar ...	1998	9835559