Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| serologic study of pig-associated viral zoonoses in laos. | we conducted a serologic survey of four high-priority pig-associated viral zoonoses, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), hepatitis e virus (hev), nipah virus (niv), and swine influenza virus (siv), in laos. we collected blood from pigs at slaughter during may 2008-january 2009 in four northern provinces. japanese encephalitis virus hemagglutination inhibition seroprevalence was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 71.5-77.9%), jev igm seroprevalence was 2.3% (95% ci = 1.2-3.2%), and hev seroprev ... | 0 | 22665622 |
| hepatitis e virus in pork production chain in czech republic, italy, and spain, 2010. | we evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the pork production chain in czech republic, italy, and spain during 2010. a total of 337 fecal, liver, and meat samples from animals at slaughterhouses were tested for hev by real-time quantitative pcr. overall, hev was higher in italy (53%) and spain (39%) than in czech republic (7.5%). hev was detected most frequently in feces in italy (41%) and spain (39%) and in liver (5%) and meat (2.5%) in czech republic. of 313 sausages sampled at ... | 0 | 22840221 |
| wildlife reservoir for hepatitis e virus, southwestern france. | pigs are a reservoir for hepatitis e virus (hev). to determine the relative contribution of game to the risk for human hev infection in southwestern france, we tested wildlife samples. hev rna was in 3.3% of wildlife livers, indicating that in this region, eating game meat is as risky as eating pork. | 0 | 26079541 |
| hepatitis e virus in yellow cattle, shandong, eastern china. | 0 | 27869603 | |
| studies on the hepato-encephalomyelitis virus (hev). | 1954 | 13208494 | |
| studies on the hemagglutination phenomenon of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) of pigs. | hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), unlike other coronaviruses, readily agglutinates a variety of red blood cells. the reaction differs from that of the myxovirus/paramyxovirus groups in several respects. unlike the myxoviruses, hev agglutinated red cells treated with receptor destroying enzyme. no neuraminidase activity was demonstrated with hev and there was no apparent elution of the virus from agglutinated cells. mucins and animal sera inhibited the agglutination reaction markedl ... | 1972 | 4263916 |
| porcine parvovirus: frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection and viral contamination of fetal porcine kidney cell cultures. | the frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection of swine with porcine parvovirus (ppv) and one of the possible consequences of such infection--the presence of ppv in cell cultures prepared from fetal tissues--were investigated. transplacental infection was indicated by the presence of high titers of hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody for ppv in serums of 0-day-old, hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs of 3 of 82 litters. all letters were farm-raised dams. moreover, ... | 1975 | 163603 |
| incidence of antibody for hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in serums from swine in the united states. | serums prepared from blood collected from swine in arizona, florida, georgia, hawaii, iowa, maine, new hampshire, oregon, vermont, and washington were examined by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for antibody to hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev). antibody was detected in serums from swine in each of the states except maine, new hampshire, and vermont. the frequency of antibody ranged from 10.9% (6 of 55) with serums from swine in oregon, to 98.6% (71 of 72) with serums from ... | 1975 | 807134 |
| [hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) infections in swine. serologic indication for infectional occurrence in denmark]. | in 1956 a disease of nursing pigs previously unreported in denmark, was observed in several swine herds. the disease syndrome appeared identical with that later described by roe and alexander in 1958 and by s. f. cartwright and m. lucas in 1968. since 1956 there have been no reports of such outbreaks in danish herds. to investigate whether the virus is still present, a survey was carried out to detect neutralizing antibodies in sera from a number of boars using a micro technique. in 144 sera fro ... | 1975 | 1144016 |
| antigenic relationship between human coronavirus strain oc 43 and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain 67n of swine: antibody responses in human and animal sera. | hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine (hev) was adapted to growth in suckling mouse brain. electron micrographs of hev-infected suckling mouse brain, prepared by negative staining and thin-section techniques, exhibited typical morphological characteristics shared with other members of the coronaviridae. the adaptation of hev to suckling mouse brain facilitated serologic testing by the use of common host reagents and compatible animal systems. with hemagglutination inhibition, complem ... | 1977 | 65439 |
| antigenic relationship of the feline infections peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. | utilizing the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody procedure, the antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) to 7 other human and animal coronaviruses was studied. fipv was found to be closely related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of swine. transmissible gastroenteritis virus and fipv were in turn antigenically related to human coronavirus 229e (hcv-229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). an interesting finding in the study was that the 8 coronavirus ... | 1978 | 81044 |
| an electron microscopic study of experimentally-induced hev encephalitis. | a gnobiotic piglet, was inoculated intracerebrally with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (strain vw572). mononuclear cells formed vascular cuffs and were disseminated in the brain parenchyma. a few neurons were surrounded by the same kind of cells. virus particles morphologically similar to coronavirus particles were found in the cytoplasm of both chromatolytic light neurons and hyperchromic dark neurons. the particles were in vesicles of distended endoplasmic reticulum and in the hypert ... | 1978 | 204096 |
| experimental infection of chickens with hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | chickens were experimentally infected with hemorrhagic enteritis virus, causing lesions similar to those observed in turkeys. lesions were induced by intraperitoneal and oral infection. virus particles with the morphology of adenovirus were demonstrated in the spleens of infected chickens. splenic extracts from infected chickens caused lesions of hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys. recovery from the infection in chickens was followed by the production of antibodies to hev, demonstrated by agar-gel ... | 1978 | 206247 |
| effect of sulphydryl reagents on the biological activities, polypeptide composition and morphology of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | the effect of sulphydryl reagents on haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), a coronavirus of pigs, was investigated. using increasing concentrations of dithiothreitol (dtt), 50% of the virus infectivity and haemagglutination (ha) activity could be removed by i.5 mm and 4 to 5 mm respectively. the effect of dtt concentrations on the polypeptide composition was also examined. of the three external glycoproteins gp 125 was found to be the most susceptible, 50% being removed by incubation ... | 1978 | 567674 |
| a seroepizootiologic study of five viruses in a swine-evaluation station. | this serologic study was done to gain information on the spread, maintenance, and effect upon performance of five porcine viruses. blood samples were taken from two groups of 8- to 11-week-old pigs from a large number of indiana swine herds in a performance-testing station 1 week after entry, 7 weeks after entry (one group only), and at slaughter. the sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody tests for antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), swine influenza virus (siv), ... | 1979 | 230762 |
| serological relation between calf diarrhea coronavirus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | neutralizing (nt) and hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to calf diarrhea coronavirus (cdcv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine (hev) (strain 67n) were detected in high proportions of normal adult cattle and pigs in japan. since comparison of nt and hi titers in the serum samples suggested in antigenic difference between the viruses, cross nt and hi tests of these viruses were carried out with antisera raised in rabbits. the homologous nt titers were markedly higher t ... | 1980 | 6159873 |
| virus isolated and immunofluorescence in different organs of pigs infected with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev; also designated vomiting and wasting disease virus) was inoculated oronasally in 26 colostrum-deprived pigs. anorexia and vomition were seen after an incubation period of 4 to 6 days. in pigs killed during the incubation period or within 2 days after the onset of the clinical signs, hev could be isolated regularly from the tonsils and the respiratory tract, irregularly from the digestive tract, rarely from the blood, and never from lymph nodes and s ... | 1980 | 6245602 |
| immunofluorescence studies on the pathogenesis of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus infection in pigs after oronasal inoculation. | hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev; also designated vomiting and wasting disease virus) was inoculated oronasally in 14 colostrum-deprived pigs at the day of birth. anorexia and vomition were seen after 4 days. pigs were killed at different times after inoculation, and the results of the examination by immunofluorescent antibody technique revealed that the epithelial cells of nasal mucosa, tonsils, lungs, and small intestine served as sites of primary viral replication. after the loca ... | 1980 | 6255837 |
| characterization and isolation of structural polypeptides in haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), a member of the coronavirus family, was purified and analysed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it was shown to contain eight polypeptides, seven of which were glycosylated. they had apparent mol. wt. of 180,000 (gp 180), 130,0000 (gp 130), 120,000 (gp 120) 76,000 (gp 76), 64,000 (vp 64), 54,000 (gp 54), 32,000 (gp 32) and 31,000 (gp 31). electrophoresis of virus samples dissociated under varying conditions showed that gp 54 and gp 120 co ... | 1980 | 7381432 |
| hemorrhagic enteritis: virus distribution and sequential development of antibody in turkeys. | turkeys poults were inoculated intraperitoneally with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) at 4-1/2 weeks of age. antibody response and sequential development of viral antigen in various tissues were monitored. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to study antibody production, and immunoperoxidase staining was used to determined sites of localization of the viral antigens in tissues. results of elisa and immunodiffusion tests were compared. elisa detected antibody from day 3 p ... | 1981 | 6266390 |
| an immunoelectron microscopic and immunofluorescent study on the antigenic relationship between the coronavirus-like agent, cv 777, and several coronaviruses. | a possible antigenic relationship between the porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus-like agent (cvla) and 6 known coronaviruses was examined by immunoelectron microscopy (iem) and by immunofluorescence (if). cvla did not show cross reactivity with infectious bronchitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), canine coronavirus (ccv) hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (ncdcv) or feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). antigenic relatio ... | 1981 | 6166280 |
| abnormal migration of t lymphocyte clones. | several in vitro t cell clones were markedly deficient in their ability to home to peripheral lymphoid tissue. this was found for an alloreactive noncytolytic clone, a soluble antigen- (klh)specific line, and cytotoxic clones specific for allogeneic cells and for abelson virus-induced lymphoma cells. this abnormal circulation pattern was probably caused by the lack of the receptors of the lymphocytes for high endothelial venules (hev), as implied by the lack of binding of these t cells to hev in ... | 1982 | 6460817 |
| in vitro studies of hemorrhagic enteritis virus with immunofluorescent antibody technique. | dissociated spleen lymphocytes from hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev)-free chickens, pheasants, and turkeys were infected with hev in suspension cultures. viral antigens were detected in cells of all three donor species by immunofluorescence. the age of chicken from which cells were obtained and the temperature of incubation influenced the development of viral antigens in cultured cells, which could be observed as early as 24 hr postinfection. this is the first time that hev has been shown to in ... | 1982 | 6284107 |
| immunofluorescence studies on the early pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis virus infection in turkeys and chickens. | chickens and turkeys not previously exposed to hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) were inoculated orally with the virus. birds were necropsied each day from the first to the eighth day following inoculation, and specimens from various tissues were collected for examination. clinical illness was noted only in turkeys, although intestinal hemorrhages and swollen, necrotic spleens were seen in both species. the distribution and localization of viral antigens in various tissues and peripheral blood l ... | 1982 | 6284108 |
| evidence for bursal involvement in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. | the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enteritis in turkey poults infected with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) at 3 days or at 2 or 5 weeks of age was compared with pathogenesis in poults that had been chemically bursectomized neonatally and exposed to cell-culture-propagated virus at 2 or 5 weeks of age. conventional poults exposed to hev at 2 or 5 weeks developed clinical disease, and mortality ranged from 38% to 100%. in addition to the splenic and intestinal lesions usually seen with hev infecti ... | 1982 | 6293443 |
| propagation of virulent and avirulent turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus in cell culture. | virulent and apathogenic isolates of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) were successfully propagated in lymphoblastoid cell lines of turkey origin, whereas spleen and kidney cell cultures from hev-infected turkeys failed to replicate the virus. the lymphoblastoid cell lines used were mdtc-rp16 and mdtc-rp19, which were previously established from tumors induced by marek's disease virus in turkeys. virus replication followed co-cultivation of lymphoblastoid cells with spleen cells from hev- ... | 1982 | 6297447 |
| role of splenectomy in prevention of hemorrhagic enteritis and death from hemorrhagic enteritis virus in turkeys. | hemorrhagic diarrhea, gross hemorrhagic enteritis, and death caused by intravenous virus injection of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) were prevented in otherwise susceptible turkey poults by surgical splenectomy. the splenectomized poults produced anti-hev antibodies, which indicated that splenectomy did not completely prevent replication of the virus. these results indicate that the spleen is necessary for the development of the intestinal lesions of this disease. the role of a toxic factor i ... | 1983 | 6316896 |
| utilization of monoclonal antibodies for antigenic characterization of coronaviruses. | hybrid cells secreting monoclonal antibodies against bovine enteric coronavirus (becv strain g110) were obtained by fusion between sp2/o myeloma cells and splenocytes of mice hyperimmunized with purified virus. specificity of 8 from the 12 monoclonal antibodies was established to be anti-gp105 by immunochemical staining of viral polypeptides and by immunoprecipitation of radioactive-labelled viral proteins. the reactivity of three becv isolates (strain g110, f15 and ncdcv) with the different mon ... | 1983 | 6203462 |
| persistence of passively acquired antibodies to hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in swine. | the persistence of passively acquired antibodies to hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) was determined in 4 pigs in each of the litters of 10 sows. at time of delivery by the sows, the colostrum and serum samples (from the 10 sows) had hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to hev. all of the pigs also had hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to hev at 2 days of age. the level of circulating antibodies to hev decreased at a nonlinear rate and persisted for about 4 to 18 (mean 10.5) ... | 1984 | 6732026 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hemorrhagic enteritis virus and associated antibodies. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that detects antibodies specific for type ii avian adenoviruses is described. freon-treated extracts from spleens of hemorrhagic enteritis (hev)-infected poults were a better source of antigen than the cell-culture-propagated virus. antigen-coated microtiter wells treated with bovine serum albumin reduced nonspecific adsorption of immunoglobulins. the elisa readily detected antibodies in hemorrhagic-enteritis- and marble-spleen-disease-infected field ... | 1984 | 6091606 |
| colibacillosis of turkeys exacerbated by hemorrhagic enteritis virus. laboratory studies. | lesions typical of colibacillosis disease were reproduced in laboratory experiments. mortality resulting from experimentally produced colibacillosis was significantly increased when escherichia coli o1:k1 was presented to poults that had been orally inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) 1 week earlier. these and previous data suggest that hev infection can exacerbate colibacillosis of older poults. hev infection apparently damages the poults' defense system enough to account for the ... | 1985 | 3907613 |
| respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) of turkeys in brittany, france. iii. interaction of multiple infecting agents. | a candidate breeder flock of turkeys was studied during and after an outbreak of rhinotracheitis. laboratory studies revealed the presence of three pathogens during the acute phase of the disease. these agents were hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), paramyxovirus type 2 (pmv2), and chlamydia. twenty-five turkeys in the flock were individually identified, and blood samples from these birds were collected for serological studies each week for 21 weeks. the serological results revealed high titers ... | 1985 | 2985039 |
| immunosuppressive effects of virulent strain of hemorrhagic enteritis virus in turkeys vaccinated against newcastle disease. | one week after infection with a virulent strain of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev), turkeys were vaccinated for newcastle disease. the effect of a virulent strain of hev on turkeys' immune response to newcastle disease vaccine and the mitogenic response of their whole blood peripheral lymphocytes were examined. the results revealed a statistically significant difference (p less than .01) in the newcastle disease hemagglutination inhibition (ndhi) antibody titers from turkeys infected with viru ... | 1985 | 2986088 |
| hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys in california: serologic study of hemorrhagic enteritis virus antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the incidence of hemorrhagic enteritis (he) infection in california turkeys was studied by testing 2220 turkey blood samples from 173 flocks for he virus (hev) antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). maternal antibody was detected at 1 day of age in all flocks tested, and it vanished after 3 weeks. acquired hev antibody appeared at 8 to 10 weeks, and 100% of the meat and breeder turkey flocks were positive after 11 weeks of age. hev infection occurred earlier in the meat flock ... | 1985 | 2992436 |
| quantitation of hemorrhagic enteritis virus antigen and antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed to quantitate hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) antibodies in turkey sera and hev antigens in tissue extracts. these assays were more sensitive than the commonly used agar-gel precipitin tests in detecting antigen and antibody. the antibody-elisa was used to monitor the presence and decline of passive antibodies in turkey poults and the seroconversion of turkeys infected with hev. the antigen-elisa was carried out using a monoclonal anti ... | 1986 | 3028352 |
| pathogenesis of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) in mice experimentally infected by different routes. | three-day-old suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) with the 67n strain of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) showed nervous signs and died. the virus was passaged 10 times in suckling mice and was designated the mb-67n strain. the pathogenesis of mb-67n was studied with various ages of mice and inoculation routes. all mice inoculated i.c. with a large dose of virus died regardless of age, although a smaller dose caused fatal infection only in suckling mice. by intranasal, ... | 1986 | 3546411 |
| further studies on in vitro and in vivo assays of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). | isolation of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) from spleens of infected turkeys in the mdtc-rp19 lymphoblastoid cell line was compared with detection of hev antigen in the same spleens using the agar gel precipitation (agp) test. a concordance of 80% was found between the two assays. virus isolation had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 88% compared with the agp test. rp19 cells were also susceptible to infection with several other avian adenoviruses, but such infection was easily differ ... | 1987 | 3039962 |
| some observations on the response of ring-necked pheasants to inoculation with various strains of cell-culture-propagated type ii avian adenovirus. | the response of ring-necked pheasants to inoculation with three strains of cell-culture-propagated type ii avian adenovirus was examined. marble spleen disease (msd) virus of pheasants and both avirulent and virulent strains of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys all induced typical gross and microscopic splenic lesions of msd; neither msd-associated lung lesions nor mortality were noted in inoculated pheasants, regardless of strain of virus used. pheasants inoculated with a cell-cultur ... | 1988 | 2848487 |
| demonstration of viral antigen and immunoglobulin (igg and igm) in brain tissue of pigs experimentally infected with haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) was inoculated either orally or intranasally into ten 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. all infected pigs showed inappetence and listlessness, but there were no clinical signs of nervous disorder. severe encephalomyelitis, characterized by neuronophagia, focal gliosis and perivascular cuffing, was observed in the brain stem and cerebral cortex. nasally infected pigs, in particular, developed lesions in the area of the stria olfactoria and tractus olfa ... | 1989 | 2469703 |
| immunopathological and ultrastructural studies on the tonsil of gnotobiotic pigs infected with strain 67n of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | the 67n strain of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) was inoculated orally or nasally into ten 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. tonsillar changes characterized by epithelial degeneration and lymphatic cell infiltration occurred in the crypt from post-inoculation days (pid) 5 to 7, and hev was isolated from the tonsil on pid 3 and 5. ultrastructurally, many hev particles were found in the cisternae, cytoplasmic vesicules and extracellular spaces of crypt epithelium. immunohistologicall ... | 1989 | 2542386 |
| hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys: influence of maternal antibody and age at exposure. | the effect of maternal antibody (mab) to hemorrhagic enteritis (he) on the response of turkeys to infection with virulent and avirulent strains of he virus (hev) was examined. the influence of age at exposure and treatment with hev antibody on development of clinical he also was studied. mab protected poults from clinical he for up to 6 weeks of age. mab also interfered with vaccination against the disease for at least 5 weeks after hatching, as indicated by absence of hev antigen in spleens and ... | 1989 | 2559708 |
| human, small round structured viruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. | epidemiological studies on srsvs, human calicivirus and astroviruses have been limited by the problems of establishing them in cell culture and the inability to transmit them to animals or to use strains from animals as a source of antigen for diagnostic tests. the use of em and the subsequent development of rias and eias in a few research centres has shown that they are a cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhoea and vomiting. srsvs have increasingly been recognized as a major cause of ... | 1990 | 1962728 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus and non-a, non-b hepatitis. | hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is an incomplete virus dependent on the hepatitis b virus (hbv) for its replication. serologic studies have shown that hdv is found all over the world. however, the prevalence is not simply a function of the prevalence of hbv, but hdv has an epidemiology of its own with major geographic differences as exemplified below. a high rate with as many as 60-80% anti-hdv positives among chronic hbsag-carriers has been found in the northern part of south america, central afric ... | 1990 | 1967120 |
| immunogenicity of hepatitis b vaccine (hevac b) in children with advanced renal failure. | the immune response after hepatitis b (hb) vaccine hevac b was studied in 33 children (mean age 10 +/- 4 years) with advanced renal failure. responders and protected patients were defined by antibody titres to hb surface antigen (anti-hbs) of greater than 10 and 50 miu/ml, respectively. all received the initial recommended three injections at monthly intervals, and 23 received a booster injection (ib) 11 +/- 1 months after the third injection (i3). loss of protection after i3 led to additional i ... | 1990 | 2088465 |
| isolation and characterization of the acetylesterase of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev). | 1990 | 2103096 | |
| isolation of a cdna from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. | major epidemic outbreaks of viral hepatitis in underdeveloped countries result from a type of non-a, non-b hepatitis distinct from the parenterally transmitted form. the viral agent responsible for this form of epidemic, or enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis (et-nanbh), has been serially transmitted in cynomolgus macaques (cynos) and has resulted in typical elevation in liver enzymes and the detection of characteristic virus-like particles (vlps) in both feces and bile. infectious bi ... | 1990 | 2107574 |
| and now, the molecular cloning of the hepatitis e virus. | 1990 | 2114336 | |
| [non-a non-b acute hepatitis]. | two distinct forms of non a non b viral hepatitis are now distinguished: (a) parenterally transmitted non a non b hepatitis, mainly due to hepatitis c virus, (b) enterically transmitted non a non b hepatitis, mainly due to hepatitis e virus. hepatitis c virus is an enveloped, 50 to 60 nm in diameter, single stranded rna virus. its transmission is essentially parenteral and resembles that of hepatitis b virus. individuals at risk are those in contact with blood products. sexual transmission is un ... | 1990 | 2115201 |
| hepatitis e virus. | 1990 | 2115383 | |
| viral hepatitis. the new abc's. | hepatitis may be caused by hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus (classic non-a non-b viral hepatitis), hepatitis d virus (delta agent), and hepatitis e virus (epidemic non-a non-b viral hepatitis). cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and herpes simplex virus may also occasionally cause hepatitis. some forms of hepatitis carry the risks of chronic infection, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. treatment options for viral hepatitis are limited and, in many cases, still unde ... | 1990 | 2120686 |
| transmission of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis virus in macaca mulatta monkeys by intraportal route: subsequent passages of hev virus. | macaca mulatta monkeys have been used for the transmission of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis (hev) virus by intraportal route. subsequent passages of hev virus have been completed in these monkeys. in the first passage, 2 monkeys were inoculated by intra-portal route with 27-34 nm virus-like particles (vlp) obtained from known epidemics of hev hepatitis in india, and biochemical and serological changes in the blood, histological changes in the liver and excretion of 27-34 nm vlp in the stool wer ... | 1990 | 2129831 |
| propagation of group ii avian adenoviruses in turkey and chicken leukocytes. | an avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus isolate (hev-a) as well as a virulent one (hev-v), both belonging to the group ii avian adenoviruses, were successfully propagated in turkey leukocyte cell cultures. hev antigens were detected as early as 12 hr after infection of the cells, using hev-specific monoclonal antibodies in a fluorescent antibody test, and virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in the nuclei of infected cells at 18 to 24 hr after infection. electron microscopy reve ... | 1990 | 2157387 |
| efficacy of avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus propagated in turkey leukocyte cultures for vaccination against hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys. | avirulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev-a) propagated in turkey leukocyte cell culture was tested as a vaccine to prevent hemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys in experimental and field trials. immunization of turkeys with live hev-a resulted in protection against a challenge with virulent hev (hev-v) as measured by the serological response and the absence of clinical disease and hev antigen in spleens. in field trials, 19 out of 20 flocks seroconverted within 21 days after vaccination with l ... | 1990 | 2157395 |
| hepatitis c. | the major cause of chronic post-transfusion hepatitis, the hepatitis c virus (hcv), has been identified. hcv is a single-stranded linear rna virus with characteristics similar to the flaviviruses. a different agent, the hepatitis e virus, is associated with epidemic (enterically-transmitted) non-a, non-b hepatitis. at present, infection with hcv is recognized by the finding of anti-hcv antibodies, positive in up to 90% of patients with chronic non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. antibodies ... | 1990 | 2159711 |
| a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus antibody and antigen. | a highly sensitive and specific double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described for the detection of antigen and antibody of turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). the assay utilizes a virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to capture the antigen and turkey antiserum against hev as the second antibody. microtiter plates were first coated with a dilution of 1:3000 of the mab (300 ng immunoglobulin/well) and are used for detection of both antigen and antibody. for a ... | 1990 | 2164392 |
| identification of enterically transmitted hepatitis virus particles by solid phase immune electron microscopy. | small 'featureless' viruses (less than 50 nm) are difficult to identify by routine immune electron microscopy techniques, particularly when they are mixed with debris from stool or cell culture extracts. a combination of conventional immune electron microscopy (iem) and solid phase iem (spiem) methodologies was used to identify hepatitis a virus (hav) in stool and cell culture extracts and non-a non-b hepatitis (hepatitis e) in stool extracts. compared with conventional iem, the modified spiem m ... | 1990 | 2176664 |
| productive human immunodeficiency virus infection levels correlate with aids-related manifestations in the patient. | mononuclear cells were obtained from 71 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive subjects presenting and first visit either as asymptomatic or with minor symptoms and with cd4 lymphocytes greater than 550 per mm3 (group a, 35 patients) or as patients with aids, aids-related illnesses, or cd4 lymphocytes less than 400 per mm3 (group b, 36 patients). after 1-5 years of follow-up, 13 patients of group a had essentially retained their initial status (asymptomatics); the 22 others had ... | 1990 | 2217174 |
| hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus attaches to n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid-containing receptors on erythrocytes: comparison with bovine coronavirus and influenza c virus. | the receptors for the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev, a porcine coronavirus) on chicken erythrocytes were analyzed and compared to the receptors for bovine coronavirus (bcv) and influenza c virus. evidence was obtained that hev requires the presence of n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) on the cell surface for agglutination of erythrocytes as has been previously shown for bcv and influenza c virus: (i) incubation of red blood cells with sialate 9-o-acetylesterase, the ... | 1990 | 2385959 |
| virus-like particles in the liver of a patient with fulminant hepatitis and antibody to hepatitis e virus. | in earlier studies, hepatitis e virus (hev) particles were detected in the stools of patients with enterically transmitted non-a, non-b (enanb) hepatitis, and hev was etiologically associated with this disease. such particles have not been observed in the liver, however. we describe the pathological findings in the liver of a young pregnant woman from nepal who died as a result of fulminant nanb hepatitis. igm antibody to hev was detected in the patient's serum by immune electron microscopy, sug ... | 1990 | 2391510 |
| replication and plaque formation of swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (67n) in swine cell line, sk-k culture. | swine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev), 67n strain, adapted to suckling mouse brain, grew readily in a porcine cell line, sk-k cell culture with cytopathic effect (cpe) consisting of syncytium formation and detachment of fused cells and round cells from glass surface. after further passages in sk-k cell monolayers with undiluted culture fluid, cpe developed earlier and became complete within 48 h postinoculation (p.i.). viral specific antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of the in ... | 1990 | 2407748 |
| isolated he-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor-destroying and receptor-binding activity. | bovine coronavirus (bcv) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) from swine were found to grow to high titers in mdck i cells, a subline of madin darby canine kidney cells. virus grown in these cells was used to isolate and purify the he-protein. this protein has been shown recently to have acetylesterase activity and to function as the receptor-destroying enzyme of bcv. here we show that hev contains this enzyme, too. the glycoproteins were solubilized by treatment of virions with oc ... | 1991 | 1984649 |
| identification and characterization of viral polypeptides from type-ii avian adenoviruses. | the polypeptides of serologically related viruses of hemorrhagic enteritis (he) in turkeys, marble spleen disease (msd) in pheasants, and splenomegaly in chickens (smc) were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and analyzed by protein immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies to he virus (hev). the viral polypeptides ii, iii, iv, v, vi, and vii were detected on sds-page with the size range from 18 to 97 kda in hev. viral polypeptides ii, iii, v, vi, a ... | 1991 | 1654036 |
| [high incidence of sporadic non-a, non-b hepatitis in morocco: epidemiologic study]. | non-a, non-b hepatitis and their sequelae seem to be as frequent as hbv infections in morocco. these diseases represent an important problem of public health because their high incidence and high fatal rate. some aspects of the epidemiology of non-a, non b acute hepatitis were evoking a high incidence of enterically transmitted hepatitis e. that was confirmed by serum studies having shown that hepatitis e antibodies were detected in more than 60% of patients with acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. ho ... | 1991 | 1655298 |
| molecular biology of non-a, non-b hepatitis agents: hepatitis c and hepatitis e viruses. | 1991 | 1659777 | |
| hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. | hemorrhagic enteritis (he), an economically important disease of turkeys is caused by a type ii adenovirus. the virus is ubiquitous and is liable to infect most field turkeys. in unprotected turkey flocks, infection with virulent hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) may result in variable mortality and immunodepression. turkeys younger than 2-4 weeks of age are resistant to clinical he. this age-related resistance is expressed in the presence or absence of maternal antibodies against hev. clinical ... | 1991 | 1664163 |
| [the virus of non-a, non-b hepatitis. serological diagnosis]. | persistence of viral post-transfusion hepatitis together with epidemiological data led to identify 3 forms of clinical non a non b hepatitis: enteric, post-transfusional and sporadic hepatitis. two groups of viruses are responsible for this pathology; they are designated as hev (hepatitis e virus) and hcv (hepatitis c virus). hev described by d. bradley is a 27 to 34 nm. non enveloped particle containing a single strand rna and belonging to the calicivividae family. hcv described by m. houghton ... | 1991 | 1665269 |
| hepatitis-e-virus-associated antigen: improved detection in stools by protein fv removal. | elisa detection of a hepatitis-e-virus-associated antigen (hev-aag) in stools was reappraised for its possible interference with a new fab-binding factor, termed protein fv, released during infectious hepatitis. transaminase elevation, hev-aag discharge and fv leakage appeared simultaneously in a cercopithecus monkey inoculated with infected stools. labelled normal, or immune human igg, were compared with pre- and post-inoculation simian igg, for hev-aag and fv detection. coated normal and patie ... | 1991 | 1666435 |
| hcv and hev: the newly identified non-a non-b hepatitis viruses. | the last 2 years have seen dramatic advances in our understanding of the agents responsible for non-a, non-b hepatitis. the family of recognized hepatitis agents now numbers five. in this article, the authors update readers on the characteristics of the two most recent additions, hepatitis c and e, the former posing a potential risk to the dental surgeon. | 1991 | 1668868 |
| hepatitis e virus genome in stools of hepatitis patients during large epidemic in north india. | stool samples from patients affected during a large epidemic of hepatitis in north india were examined for the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) genome by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 6 of 10 samples studied were positive for the hev genome, which suggest that hev caused this large epidemic. | 1991 | 1681163 |
| [ non-a, non-b hepatitis: current developments--hcv, hev and others]. | 1991 | 1709514 | |
| hepatitis e virus: identification of type-common epitopes. | large epidemic outbreaks of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b viral hepatitis (et-nanbh) have been documented in developing countries. a molecular clone derived from the causative agent, the hepatitis e virus (hev), has recently been described (g.r. reyes, m.a. purdy, j.p. kim, k.-c. luk, l.m. young, k.e. fry, and d. bradley, science 247:1335-1339, 1990). we now report the isolation, by serologic screening, of two cdna clones derived from a fecal sample collected during a 1986 outbreak of et- ... | 1991 | 1717709 |
| structural polypeptides of type ii avian adenoviruses analyzed by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. | polypeptides of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) of turkeys and marble spleen disease virus (msdv) of pheasants were analyzed by immune precipitation and immunoblot assays. a total of 11 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 14,000 to 97,000 were detected in lysates of hev-infected turkey cells analyzed by immunoblot assay using a polyclonal antibody against hev. identical patterns were observed with preparations of msdv. five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hev were chosen based o ... | 1991 | 1719952 |
| dissection of murine lymphocyte-endothelial cell interaction mechanisms by sv-40-transformed mouse endothelial cell lines: novel mechanisms mediating basal binding, and alpha 4-integrin-dependent cytokine-induced adhesion. | lymph node-derived endothelial cells were immortalized by infection with sv40 virus and subclones expressing the marker meca 325 specific for high-endothelial venules (hev) were selected. these transformed mouse endothelial (tme-) cell lines grow permanently without requirement for special growth factors. staining of the selected clones with endothelium-specific antibodies and with anti-von willebrand factor antiserum and uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein provide evidence for their en ... | 1991 | 1720392 |
| [viral hepatitis e: new data]. | 1991 | 1774901 | |
| [an epidemiologic survey on a type e hepatitis (he) outbreak]. | this article deals with a he outbreak, which occurred in sulagong village, pan-jin township, yining county, xinjiang. there was a total of 214 patients involved in the village, with an attack rate of 6.15 percent. among the patients young people formed the majority. the attack rate between 20 to 24 years of age reached 17.9 percent. attack rate of pregnant women between 18 to 35 years of age was significantly higher than that of the non-pregnant ones. the condition in pregnant patients was rathe ... | 1991 | 1782653 |
| cloning and expression of cdnas from enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus. | the fragment gene of enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus (et-nanbhv) was cloned as a cdna and inserted into an expression vector puex2. the recombinant protein was expressed in escherichia coli hb101 as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). the fusion protein reacted with the sera of infected cynomolgus monkeys and of patients from myanmar. this reaction was highly related with et-nanbhv infection, and obviously demonstrates in that the recombinant protein can be ... | 1991 | 1784255 |
| application of two rna extraction methods prior to amplification of hepatitis e virus nucleic acid by the polymerase chain reaction. | amplification of the enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus (hev) rna using conventional reverse transcriptase reactions followed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the cdna has not been successful. however, after application of two different rna capture/extraction methods we were able to amplify hev nucleic acid from clinical samples and specimens from experimentally infected animals. the first procedure, adapted from an immune electron microscopy (iem) technique, incorpora ... | 1991 | 1816258 |
| hepatitis e virus genome. molecular features, expression of immunoreactive proteins and sequence divergence. | the strategy for molecular cloning of hepatitis e virus (hev), the major etiologic agent of enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is briefly described. the organization of the hev genome is discussed and compared to those of two other vertebrate viruses that contain single-stranded, positive-sense, polyadenylated rna genomes with three overlapping orfs. serologic cross-reactivity of expressed proteins and genetic divergence of hev isolates are also described within the context of seque ... | 1991 | 1822509 |
| hepatitis e virus. comparison of 'new and old world' isolates. | the etiologic agent responsible for epidemics of enterically-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis has been molecularly characterized as the hepatitis e virus (hev). the cloning of a portion of the burma strain of hev (hev(b); 'old world' strain) has been described together with the isolation of a contiguous overlapping set of cdna clones representing the entire viral genome. our studies have led to a model for the genomic organization of this positive strand, polyadenylated, rna virus. molecular c ... | 1991 | 1822510 |
| rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus--molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a calicivirus genome. | the rna genome of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) was molecularly cloned. the 5' terminal sequence of the genomic rna was determined after pcr amplification of a g-tailed first strand cdna template. the cloned cdna allowed determination of the first complete caliciviral sequence encompassing 7437 nucleotides without poly(a) tail. the rhdv genome contains one long open reading frame of 2344 codons which in the 5' region encodes the nonstructural proteins. sequence comparison studies revea ... | 1991 | 1840711 |
| [experimental hepatitis e infection in piglets]. | a sample of patient's faeces containing virus-like particles (vlp) of 27-34 nm was obtained during an outbreak of hepatitis e in the kirghiz ssr. the identity of the vlp to hepatitis e virus and etiological association with the disease were demonstrated by immune electron microscopy and infection of macaca fascicularis monkeys. this isolate of hepatitis e virus is able to induce experimental infection in domestic piglets which was very similar to experimental hepatitis e in primates when infecte ... | 1991 | 1891876 |
| the phylogeny of rna-dependent rna polymerases of positive-strand rna viruses. | representative amino acid sequences of the rna-dependent rna polymerases of all groups of positive-strand rna viruses were aligned hierarchiacally, starting with the most closely related ones. this resulted in delineation of three large supergroups. within each of the supergroups, the sequences of segments of approximately 300 amino acid residues originating from the central and/or c-terminal portions of the polymerases could be aligned with statistically significant scores. specific consensus p ... | 1991 | 1895057 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e in china. | a total of 9 hepatitis e epidemics have been documented in china since 1982. five of them were waterborne and four foodborne, and they occurred in 6 of 30 provinces or autonomous regions in the country. the disease most frequently affects young adults, with fewer cases in children and the elderly. a relative male excess of cases has been observed. however, the fatality rate in female patients with hepatitis e is significantly higher than in males. the disease has a distinctive autumn seasonality ... | 1991 | 1909252 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev): the novel agent responsible for enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. | a normally endemic form of viral hepatitis is the cause of major epidemic outbreaks in developing countries. this disease has a global distribution and has been referred to as water-borne, epidemic or enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis (et-nanbh). although the fecal-oral route of transmission predominates, person-to-person routes of exposure were also suggested in some epidemiologic studies. the disease has been documented as having an extremely high mortality in pregnant women (appr ... | 1991 | 1909254 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. | we have recently described the cloning of a portion of the hepatitis e virus (hev) and confirmed its etiologic association with enterically transmitted (waterborne, epidemic) non-a, non-b hepatitis. the virus consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome of approximately 7.5 kb, with a polyadenylated 3' end. we now report on the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of an overlapping, contiguous set of cdna clones representing the entire genome of the hev burma strain [hev(b)]. the larges ... | 1991 | 1926770 |
| outbreak of acute hepatitis e virus infection among military personnel in northern ethiopia. | an outbreak of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection occurred from october 1988 to march 1989 in military camps in northern ethiopia. the epidemic was waterborne and entirely confined to military men, of whom 423 hospitalized, icteric patients were studied. the clinical course was mild and short, without any fulminant hepatitis or death. all sera tested for anti-hav-igm were negative and among 54 (13%) patients who were positive for hbsag, 7 (2%) were positive for anti-hbc igm. on the other ha ... | 1991 | 1940876 |
| [acute viral hepatitis--present status and perspectives]. | recent advances in epidemiology, virology, of clinical of hepatitis are presented in the paper. the authors pointed out that hepatitis a never becomes chronic. on the other hand, with hepatitis b or b and d, evolution to chronicity is possible. two distinct forms of non-a non-b hepatitis are now distinguished: parenterally transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis, mainly due to hepatitis c virus; enterically transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis mainly due to hepatitis e virus. c virus hepatitis is charact ... | 1991 | 1366329 |
| expression of a hepatitis e virus (hev)-trpe fusion protein containing epitopes recognized by antibodies in sera from human cases and experimentally infected primates. | a 1700 base cdna fragment coding for the putative structural gene(s) of hepatitis e virus (hev) was inserted into the path 10 expression vector. the fusion protein (c2) expressed by this plasmid was found to contain epitopes recognized by anti-hev antibodies. c2 protein was used in a western blot format to examine its usefulness in detecting anti-hev antibodies in well documented human cases of hev and non-human primates infected with hev. both igm and igg anti-hev could be detected in our weste ... | 1992 | 1373282 |
| human linear b-cell epitopes encoded by the hepatitis e virus include determinants in the rna-dependent rna polymerase. | hepatitis e virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries. the nonenveloped virus is 27-34 nm in diameter and has been shown to contain a single-strand, positive-sense, polyadenylylated rna genome of approximately 7.5 kilobases. the nucleotide sequence of the burma strain of hepatitis e virus has been reported and three open reading frames (orfs) have been identified. the deduced amino acid sequence from each of these orfs was used to synthesize overlappin ... | 1992 | 1373890 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| further characterization of the interaction between l-selectin and its endothelial ligands. | l-selectin is a lectin-like receptor on lymphocytes which mediates their attachment to high endothelial venules (hev) within lymph nodes. previous work has identified hev-associated endothelial ligands for l-selectin as sialylated, fucosylated and sulphated glycoproteins of approximately 50 kda and approximately 90 kda (sgp50 and sgp90). the interaction of l-selectin with these ligands is carbohydrate directed, reflecting the involvement of its amino-terminal, calcium-type lectin domain. it has ... | 1992 | 1384820 |
| viral hepatitis in the 1990s, part iii: hepatitis c, hepatitis e, and other viruses. | acute hepatitis can be caused by a number of viruses, especially a, b, c, e, delta, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. hepatitis a and b have been discussed previously in this series. the virus responsible for most cases of what commonly has been referred to as non-a non-b hepatitis has been tracked, and antibodies to certain proteins of this virus have been identified. this virus is now referred to as hepatitis c. the possible clinical outcomes after acute hepatitis c virus infection are ... | 1992 | 1385012 |
| sequence comparison of the capsid region of hepatitis e viruses isolated from myanmar and china. | hepatitis e viruses (hevs) were isolated during epidemics, one from myanmar (formerly called burma) and one from china and were partially sequenced. another hev myanmar strain from sporadic hepatitis was previously sequenced by us. a cdna sequence comparison was performed among them in the 3'-terminal region, approximately 750-base long. this region contained at least two immunological epitopes and was considered to correspond to the structural protein. the nucleotide sequence identity was 97.2% ... | 1992 | 1387921 |
| enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis: epidemics, animal transmission, and hepatitis e virus detection by the polymerase chain reaction. | we studied epidemics of viral hepatitis occurring at three different places in india. one was a combined epidemic due to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections. in this epidemic, hav affected children below 10 years of age, whereas hev infected the young adult population. hev was transmitted to rhesus monkeys (macaca mulata) and confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on bile from the animals. fecal material from acutely infected patients in one of the epidemics ... | 1992 | 1402825 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in children living in cairo, egypt. | seventy-three pediatric patients with acute hepatitis and 19 control patients without liver disease living in cairo, egypt, were evaluated with a newly developed western blot assay for igm antibody to hepatitis e virus (igm anti-hev). the mean age of acute hepatitis patients was 6.4 years (range, 1-13 years); 56% were male. among the 73 acute cases, hepatitis a was diagnosed in 30 (41%), possible acute hepatitis b in three (4%), hepatitis e in nine (12%), and by exclusion, non-a, non-b hepatitis ... | 1992 | 1402826 |
| hepatitis e: review. | hepatitis e is endemic, often provoking epidemics in many developing countries. it resembles hepatitis a clinically and epidemiologically but show a higher mortality rate and less infectiousness. several lines of evidence strongly support the assumption that humans become immunized once they contract hepatitis e. because of the low infectiousness, most of the adult population of endemic areas are susceptible to hepatitis e until an epidemic occurs, although they are almost always infected with h ... | 1992 | 1426862 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis e in the netherlands]. | at serological testing of 269 blood samples from patients sent in for hepatitis diagnostics and of 275 randomly selected samples from blood donors from all over the netherlands, eight and five samples, respectively, were found to contain a positive antibody titre against hepatitis e virus (hev). follow-up samples could be obtained from three patients: in one patient the anti-hev igg titre remained unchanged over a period of 6 months, in one other the titre fell below the limit of detection and i ... | 1992 | 1436187 |
| [hepatitis e now also in the netherlands]. | a case report of a male aged 31 who, after a journey to bangladesh, returned with a disease resembling acute hepatitis a. closer study revealed a hepatitis e infection. he recovered in slightly over two weeks. | 1992 | 1436190 |
| new strategies for isolation of low abundance viral and host cdnas: application to cloning of the hepatitis e virus and analysis of tissue-specific transcription. | the ability to clone viruses molecularly has led to dramatic advances in our understanding of this diverse group of agents at the molecular level. these insights are critical to the development of experimental strategies for the containment and control of the various viral pathogens that cause hepatitis in man. knowledge of the genes and gene products have, for example, assisted in the design of expression systems that have been useful for the cell-free expression and production of viral constit ... | 1992 | 1439880 |
| frequent sporadic hepatitis e in west africa evidenced by characterization of a virus-associated antigen in the stool. | 1992 | 1447511 |