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diversity of aspergillus section nigri on the surface of vitis labrusca and its hybrid grapes.this study investigated the presence of aspergillus species belonging to aspergillus section nigri on vitis labrusca and its hybrid grapes grown in brazil. the ability of the fungi isolates to produce ochratoxin a (ota) and fumonisin b2 (fb2) as well as the presence of these mycotoxins in the grapes were also studied. eighty-eight samples were collected from the main grape producing states in brazil: rio grande do sul (n=30), pernambuco (n=21), são paulo (n=21) and paraná (n=16). the highest ave ...201829331673
berries containing anthocyanins with enhanced methylation profiles are more effective at ameliorating high fat diet-induced metabolic damage.driven by the need for alternative whole food options to manage metabolic syndrome, multiple dietary interventions are suggested to achieve a better control of metabolic risk factors and molecular networks that regulate cellular energy metabolism. it is generally accepted that anthocyanin-rich diets are beneficial for maintaining healthy body weight, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and determining inflammatory status of key metabolic tissues. however, anthocyanins are a structurally dive ...201829196236
cytotoxicity of labruscol, a new resveratrol dimer produced by grapevine cell suspensions, on human skin melanoma cancer cell line ht-144.a new resveratrol dimer (1) called labruscol, has been purified by centrifugal partition chromatography of a crude ethyl acetate stilbene extract obtained from elicited grapevine cell suspensions of vitis labrusca l. cultured in a 14-liter stirred bioreactor. one dimensional (1d) and two dimensional (2d) nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) analyses including ¹h, 13c, heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (hsqc), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (hmbc), and correlation spectroscopy (cosy) ...201729120391
phakopsora euvitis causes unusual damage to leaves and modifies carbohydrate metabolism in grapevine.asian grapevine rust (phakopsora euvitis) is a serious disease, which causes severe leaf necrosis and early plant defoliation. these symptoms are unusual for a strict biotrophic pathogen. this work was performed to quantify the effects of p. euvitis on photosynthesis, carbohydrates, and biomass accumulation of grapevine. the reduction in photosynthetic efficiency of the green leaf tissue surrounding the lesions was quantified using the virtual lesion concept (β parameter). gas exchange and respo ...201729018470
exposure risk assessment to ochratoxin a through consumption of juice and wine considering the effect of steam extraction time and vinification stages.the goals of this study were (i) to verify the effect of steam extraction used in juice production and the stages of vinification on the ochratoxin a (ota) levels found in grapes naturally contaminated, and (ii) evaluate the risk of exposure to this toxin when the daily consumption of juice and wine is followed to prevent cardiovascular disease. ota-producing fungi were isolated from cabernet sauvignon, moscato itálico and concord grapes harvested from the same vineyard and intended to produce r ...201728888733
polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice reduces ige binding to cashew nut allergens.food allergy negatively impacts quality of life and can be life-threatening. cashew nuts can cause severe reactions in very small amounts, and they are included in a group of foods most commonly responsible for causing food allergy. polyphenols and polyphenol-rich juices have been demonstrated to complex with peanut allergens. here, the interaction between cashew nut allergens and polyphenol-rich juices is evaluated biochemically and immunologically.201728842925
aspergillus labruscus sp. nov., a new species of aspergillus section nigri discovered in brazil.a novel fungal species, aspergillus labruscus sp. nov., has been found in brazil during an investigation of the fungal species present on the surface of grape berries (vitis labrusca l.) for use in the production of concentrated grape juice. it seems to be associated to v. labrusca, and has never been recovered from vitis vinifera. this new species belonging to aspergillus subgenus circumdati section nigri is described here using morphological characters, extrolite profiling, partial sequence da ...201728740180
system-level and granger network analysis of integrated proteomic and metabolomic dynamics identifies key points of grape berry development at the interface of primary and secondary metabolism.grapevine is a fruit crop with worldwide economic importance. the grape berry undergoes complex biochemical changes from fruit set until ripening. this ripening process and production processes define the wine quality. thus, a thorough understanding of berry ripening is crucial for the prediction of wine quality. for a systemic analysis of grape berry development we applied mass spectrometry based platforms to analyse the metabolome and proteome of early campbell at 12 stages covering major deve ...201728713396
influence of processing and storage of integral grape juice (vitis labrusca l.) on its physical and chemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity in vitro.integral grape juice is extracted from the grape through processes that allow the retention of their natural composition. however, due to the severity of some processes, fruit juices can undergo changes in their quality. the present study evaluated the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of integral grape juice by a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay in rattus norvegicus hepatoma cells (htc) in vitro. vitis labrusca l. (variety concord) were produced organically and by a conventional system, and ...201728613380
influence of diabetes on plasma pharmacokinetics and brain bioavailability of grape polyphenols and their phase ii metabolites in the zucker diabetic fatty rat.the effect of diabetes on the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and brain distribution of grape polyphenols and select metabolites was studied in the zucker diabetic fatty (zdf) rat model.201728568316
optimization of an organic yogurt based on sensorial, nutritional, and functional perspectives.the effects of purple grape juice (pgj), grape skin flour (gsf), and oligofructose (oli) on proximate composition, total phenolic content (tpc), antioxidant activity (aa), sensory, physicochemical, and textural properties of yogurts were analyzed using response surface methodology. multiple regression models were proposed and results showed that pgj increased the viscosity, aa, and tpc, while gsf increased the ash and total fiber contents of yogurts. gsf and oli increased the hardness and consis ...201728530591
pre-drying and submerged cap winemaking: effects on polyphenolic compounds and sensory descriptors. part ii: brs carmem and bordô (vitis labrusca l.).brazilian wine production is dominated by the use of american grape cultivars (vitis labrusca l.) and their hybrids. in this context, this study analyzed the phenolic composition and sensory profile of bordô and brs carmem red wines elaborated from traditional and two alternative winemaking technologies: grape pre-drying and submerged cap of chaptalized musts. anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins apparently seemed to be affected by the thermal process (60°c), causing their degradation. in additio ...201528455055
the effect of isabel grape addition on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of probiotic goat milk yogurt.goat milk is an attractive food because of its nutritional properties, easy digestibility and hypoallergenicity. goat milk yogurt is an appropriate matrix for the inclusion of new ingredients such as probiotic cultures, fruit and its derivatives. grapes are rich in polyphenols and recognized for their health benefits. the aim of this study was to improve the quality characteristics of probiotic goat milk yogurt by the addition of an isabel grape (vitis labrusca l.) preparation (igp). for this, t ...201728451663
cognitive and mood improvements following acute supplementation with purple grape juice in healthy young adults.berry-derived phenolic compounds found in grapes have been associated with a number of health benefits, including the augmentation of human brain function and cognition. previous intervention studies of concord grape juice have demonstrated improvement to memory and driving ability following 3- to 4-month supplementation in middle-aged and older adults. however, no studies to date have demonstrated acute cognitive benefits of grape juice, and investigation of these effects in young adults is lac ...201728429081
isolation and identification of the indigenous yeast population during spontaneous fermentation of isabella (vitis labrusca l.) grape must.grape must harbors a complex community of yeast species responsible for spontaneous alcoholic fermentation. although there are detailed studies on the microbiota of vitis vinifera l. grapes, less is known about the diversity and behavior of yeast communities present on fermenting grape must from other species of vitis. in this work, we used a culture-dependent method to study the identity and dynamics of the indigenous yeast population present during the spontaneous fermentation of isabella (vit ...201728424672
potential use of secondary products of the agri-food industry for topical formulations and comparative analysis of antioxidant activity of grape leaf polyphenols.the aim of the present study was to develop a phytocosmetic using vitis waste by-products, for use as a topical formulation for skin protection against ultraviolet radiation damage. the study also evaluates the free radical scavenger activity of the crude extracts of dried leaves of vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca, as well as the anthocyanins, flavonoid fraction and isolated compounds. next, release and permeation studies of hydrogels were performed using franz-type diffusion cells. flavonoid ...201828403634
rapid determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids in grape juices and wines by rp-hplc/dad: method validation and characterization of commercial products of the new brazilian varieties of grape.a method for rapid determination of phenolic compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), using a new column of faster resolution was validated and used to characterize commercial products produced with new grape brazilian varieties of northeast of brazil. the in vitro antioxidant activity was also measured. the method showed linearity (r>0.9995), good precision (cv%<2.78), recovery (91.8-105.1%) and limits of detection (0.04-0.85mgl-1) and quantification (0.04-1 ...201728317702
anti-cancer activity of resveratrol and derivatives produced by grapevine cell suspensions in a 14 l stirred bioreactor.in the present study, resveratrol and various oligomeric derivatives were obtained from a 14 l bioreactor culture of elicited grapevine cell suspensions (vitis labrusca l.). the crude ethyl acetate stilbene extract obtained from the culture medium was fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography (cpc) using a gradient elution method and the major stilbenes contained in the fractions were subsequently identified by using a (13)c-nmr-based dereplication procedure and further 2d nmr analyse ...201728300789
effects of matrix composition on detection threshold estimates for methyl anthranilate and 2-aminoacetophenone.conceptually, a detection threshold represents the lowest concentration at which an individual or a group of individuals can reliably perceive a given stimulus, with a commonly used operational definition of 50% performance above chance. estimated detection thresholds (dts), however, are often reported in the literature with little attention given to the matrix in which the stimuli were evaluated. here, we highlight the influence of matrix effects on dts for two odor-active compounds commonly fo ...201628231131
metabolic effects of berries with structurally diverse anthocyanins.overconsumption of energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyle are considered as major causes of obesity-associated insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism. results from both cohort studies and randomized trials suggested that anthocyanins from berries may lower metabolic risks, however these reports are equivocal. the present study was designed to examine effects of six berries with structurally diverse anthocyanin profiles (normalized to 400 µg/g total anthocyanin content) on develop ...201728212306
method validation for determination of metals in vitis labrusca l. grapevine leaf extracts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms).vitis labrusca l. is the main species used for wine and juice production in brazil. the grapevine leaves can be used both as functional foods and as cheapest sources for the extraction of phenolic compounds. besides the antioxidant activity, grapevine leaves exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical methodology to determine the metals selenium (96se), chromium (53cr), nickel (62ni), cadmium (111cd) and lead (206pb ...201827991961
phytochemicals, monosaccharides and elemental composition of the non-pomace constituent of organic and conventional grape juices (vitis labrusca l.): effect of drying on the bioactive content.grape and grape derivatives contain a variety of antioxidants that have gain increasing interest for functional foods applications. the chemical composition of grapes is mainly related to grape variety and cultivation factors, and each grape constituent exhib its unique characteristics regarding its bioactive properties. this study investigated the chemical composition and the effect of drying on the bioactive content of the non-pomace constituent obtained in the processing of organic and conven ...201627738868
nutrient profiles of the hybrid grape cultivar 'isabel' during berry maturation and ripening.the hybrid grape cultivar 'isabel' (vitis labrusca × v. vinifera) is widely grown in the black sea region of turkey and constitutes an important part of the diet of its inhabitants. phenological and ampelographic studies of the grape have previously been performed, but there are no data concerning nutrient composition. its nutrient content needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic and nutritional uses in the region.201727696425
antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of the aqueous extracts of organic and conventional grapevine vitis labrusca cv. isabella leaves in v79 cells.grapes are one of the most commonly consumed fruit, in both fresh and processed forms; however, a significant amount is disposed of in the environment. searching for a use of this waste, the antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from organic and conventional vitis labrusca leaves were determined using v79 cells as model. the antigenotoxic activity was analyzed by the alkaline comet assay using endonuclease iii and formamidopyrimidine dna glycosylase enzymes ...201627587288
effects of a warming trend on cool climate viticulture in michigan, usa.historically, michigan's climate had mainly three challenges for grape production: growing season temperatures were too low, the growing season was too short and there was too much rain near harvest. however, climate change in the past decades has led to a vastly different landscape that is evolving to meet the new climate. recently, there has been a significant move from vitis labrusca (north american) grape plantings to vitis vinifera (wine grapes) as a consequence of michigan's shifting clima ...201627478736
acute consumption of organic and conventional tropical grape juices (vitis labrusca l.) increases antioxidants in plasma and erythrocytes, but not glucose and uric acid levels, in healthy individuals.bioactive polyphenols in grapes are influenced by grape variety and cultivation conditions. the vitis labrusca l. varieties are cultivated in tropical regions and used for grape juice production. we hypothesized that polyphenols from tropical grape juices would beneficially affect redox homeostasis in humans. therefore, the effects of acute consumption of organic and conventional grape juices from v labrusca l. on antioxidants biomarkers were investigated in healthy individuals. in a controlled, ...201627440535
the impact of dietary flavonoid supplementation on smoking-induced inflammatory process and fibrinolytic impairment.smoking is associated with increased inflammatory process and impairment of fibrinolytic status. concord grape juice (cgj), a rich source of flavonoids, can modify cardiovascular risk factors. we aimed to evaluate the impact of cgj on smoking-induced impairment of inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in healthy smokers.201627428294
phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine 'isabel' (vitis labrusca, vitaceae) cultivated in northeastern brazil.phenology and reproductive biology of cultivated species are important for the comprehension of the requirements for fruit and seed production and the management of pollinators. this study aimed to characterise the phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine 'isabel' (vitis labrusca) in northeastern brazil during january 2011 (p1), augst 2011 (p2), april 2012 (p3) and august 2012 (p4). we recorded the duration (days) of the phenological stages, pruning (p), woolly bu ...201727191458
methodical evaluation and improvement of matrix compatible pdms-overcoated coating for direct immersion solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (di-spme-gc)-based applications.the main quest for the implementation of direct spme to complex matrices has been the development of matrix compatible coatings that provide sufficient sensitivity towards the target analytes. in this context, we present here a thorough evaluation of pdms-overcoated fibers suitable for simultaneous extraction of different polarities analytes, while maintaining adequate matrix compatibility. for this, eleven analytes were selected, from various application classes (pesticides, industrial chemical ...201627114223
evaluation of antioxidant activity of grapevine leaves extracts (vitis labrusca) in liver of wistar rats.the aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotection of organic and conventional grapevine leaves extract (vitis labrusca). the total polyphenol content and the isolate polyphenols by hplc were evaluate. the animals received intraperitoneal injections of saline or extracts (conventional or organic - 30 mg/kg) for 14 days. on day 15, the rats received carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) or mineral oil (i.p.). after 4h, the animals were euthanized. the analysis of the liver enzymes activity (ast, al ...201626959325
high temperature affects photosynthetic and molecular processes in field-cultivated vitis vinifera l. × vitis labrusca l.high-temperature stress markedly influences grape growth and development. however, how high-temperature stress response differs between controlled and field-cultivated grape is poorly understood. in this study, the effects of heat treatment on grapevines were studied for changes in photosystem ii (psii) activity and expression levels of heat-responsive genes and heat shock protein hsp21. july 31st, 2015 was considered as the post high-temperature treatment ("42°c"; temperatures above 40°c for a ...201626946321
concord grape juice, cognitive function, and driving performance: a 12-wk, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial in mothers of preteen children.daily consumption of concord grape juice (cgj) over 3-4 mo has been shown to improve memory function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and reduce blood pressure in hypertensive adults. these benefits likely result from the high concentration of polyphenols in cgj. increased stress can impair cognitive function and elevate blood pressure. thus, we examined the potential beneficial effect of cgj in individuals with somewhat stressful and demanding lifestyles.201626864371
changes in the protective mechanism of photosystem ii and molecular regulation in response to high temperature stress in grapevines.the response to high temperature stress, which influences the growth and development of grapes, varies between laboratory conditions and ambient growth conditions, and is poorly understood. in the present study, we investigated the effects of high temperature on grapevines (vitis vinifera l. × vitis labrusca l.) grown under artificial and ambient conditions. a temperature of 35 °c did not alter photosystem ii (ps ii) activity and the expression of some heat-shock protein (hsps) genes. these chan ...201626852109
medicinal plants in brazil: pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives.this review article focuses on pre-clinical and clinical studies with some selected brazilian medicinal plants in different areas of interest, conducted by research groups in brazil and abroad. it also highlights the brazilian market of herbal products and the efforts of brazilian scientists to develop new phytomedicines. this review is divided into three sections. the section i describes the brazilian large biodiversity and some attempts of brazilian scientists to assess the pharmacological pro ...201626812486
antioxidant activity of grapevine leaf extracts against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rats.in recent years, it has become increasingly important to study the beneficial properties of derivatives of grapes and grapevine. the objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of vitis labrusca leaf extracts, comparing conventional and organic grapevines, in different brain areas of rats. we used male wistar rats treated with grapevine leaf extracts for a period of 14 days, and on the 15th day, we administered in half of the rats, mineral oil and the other half, carbon tet ...201426784867
a comparison of total antioxidant capacities of concord, purple, red, and green grapes using the cuprac assay.considering how popular grapes are in terms of their antioxidant benefits, we compared concord, purple, red, and green grapes for total antioxidant capacity (tac) and carbohydrate concentration. all grapes were acquired from commercial sources and samples of each were separated into skinned and not skinned groups. each whole grape and the skins were individually homogenized and then separated into pulp and supernatant fractions. each fraction was analyzed for total tac and carbohydrates. the con ...201326784463
effect of nutrients, dietary supplements and vitamins on cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.observational studies have suggested that various nutrients, dietary supplements, and vitamins may delay the onset of age-associated cognitive decline and dementia. we systematically reviewed recent randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of nutritional interventions on cognitive performance in older non-demented adults.201526740832
determination of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of vitis labrusca cv. baile berries.grape juice and grape skin extracts are important commercial source of polyphenolic compounds which exert different functional properties such as color potential, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, and health benefits. in this paper we describe a sensitive and specific assay for determination of bioactive polyphenolic compounds in campbell early (vitis labrusca cv. baile). five polyphenolic components were separated on an agilent zorbax extend c18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 μm) and detected b ...201526665298
concord grape juice polyphenols and cardiovascular risk factors: dose-response relationships.pure fruit juices provide nutritional value with evidence suggesting some of their benefits on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk may be derived from their constituent polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. however, few data from clinical trials are available on the dose-response relationship of fruit juice flavonoids to these outcomes. utilizing the results of clinical trials testing single doses, we have analyzed data from studies of 100% concord grape juice by placing its flavonoid cont ...201526633488
profile of bioactive compounds from grape pomace (vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca) by spectrophotometric, chromatographic and spectral analyses.the aim of this study was to characterize grape pomace (gp) from winemaking byproducts of different grape samples (cabernet sauvignon-cs; merlot-me; mix composed of 65% bordeaux, 25% isabel and 10% brs violet-mi and terci-te) with a view to exploiting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds and an alternative to the reuse of waste. bioactive compounds such as individual phenolic compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) were identified and quantified by spectrophotometric, chroma ...201526590878
microencapsulation of grape (vitis labrusca var. bordo) skin phenolic extract using gum arabic, polydextrose, and partially hydrolyzed guar gum as encapsulating agents.bordo grape skin extract was microencapsulated by spray-drying and freeze-drying, using gum arabic (ga), partially hydrolyzed guar gum (phgg), and polydextrose (pd) as encapsulating agents. total phenolics and total monomeric anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, color, moisture, water activity (aw), solubility, hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature (tg), particle size, and microstructure of the powders were evaluated. the retention of phenolics and anthocyanins ranged from 81.4% to 95.3%, a ...201626471594
comparison between folin-ciocalteu and prussian blue assays to estimate the total phenolic content of juices and teas using 96-well microplates.folin-ciocalteu colorimetric assay (fc) is the most widely used assay to estimate the total phenolic content in foods, beverages, herbs and other plant extracts, but many chemical compounds may act as interfering agents, producing inaccurate estimations of the real concentration of phenolic compounds in the matrix. based on this limitation, the objective of this study was to compare, quantitatively, the folin-ciocalteu and prussian blue (pb) assays in estimating the total phenolic content in pur ...201526448565
antithrombotic activity of vitis labrusca extract on rat platelet aggregation.vitis labrusca is a grapevine that has antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activity. however, the antithrombotic effect of vitis labrusca leaves on platelets is yet to be ascertained. we investigated the inhibitory effect of v. labrusca leaf extract (vle) on platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. the thromboxane b2 (txb2) and serotonin concentrations were measured by elisa. the flavonoids content was measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (uplc). ...201626340455
reduction of copper phytotoxicity by liming: a study of the root anatomy of young vines (vitis labrusca l.).frequent applications of copper (cu)-based fungicides on vines causes the accumulation of this metal in vineyard soils, which can cause toxicity in young vines. however, liming may reduce these toxic effects. the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of cu toxicity on the root anatomy of young vines and the alleviation of cu toxicity by lime applications to contaminated sandy soil. the treatments consisted of the addition of lime (0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 mg ha(-1)) and two cu concentrations (0 an ...201526318144
novel application of brain-targeting polyphenol compounds in sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction.sleep deprivation produces deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage. recent evidence suggests that sleep deprivation disrupts memory consolidation through multiple mechanisms, including the down-regulation of the camp-response element-binding protein (creb) and of mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) signaling. in this study, we tested the effects of a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (bdpp), comprised of grape seed polyphenol extract, concord ...201526235983
molecular cloning and characterization of udp-glucose: furaneol glucosyltransferase gene from grapevine cultivar muscat bailey a (vitis labrusca × v. vinifera).2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2h)-furanone (furaneol) is an important aroma compound in fruits, such as pineapple and strawberry, and is reported to contribute to the strawberry-like note in some wines. several grapevine species are used in winemaking, and furaneol is one of the characteristic aroma compounds in wines made from american grape (vitis labrusca) and its hybrid grape. furaneol glucoside was recently isolated as an important furaneol derivative from the hybrid grapevine cultivar, muscat b ...201526160581
dual effects of a mixture of grape pomace (campbell early) and omija fruit ethanol extracts on lipid metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in diet-induced obese mice.we investigated the effects of a combination of grape pomace (vitis labrusca, campbell early) and omija fruit (schizandra chinensis, baillon) ethanol extracts on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system in diet-induced obese mice.201526060533
phenolic compounds, organic acids and antioxidant activity of grape juices produced in industrial scale by different processes of maceration.the effect of maceration process on the profile of phenolic compounds, organic acids composition and antioxidant activity of grape juices from new varieties of vitis labrusca l. obtained in industrial scale was investigated. the extraction process presented a high yield without pressing the grapes. the use of a commercial pectinase resulted in an increase on extraction yield and procyanidins b1 and b2 concentrations and a decrease on turbidity and concentration of catechins. the combination of 6 ...201526041208
vitis labrusca leaf extract prevents pentylenetetrazol-induced oxidative damage but not seizures in rats.epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures. it is a very common disease in which approximately 30% of patients do not respond favorably to treatment with anticonvulsants. oxidative stress is associated with neuronal damage arising from epileptic seizures. the present study investigated the possible anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of a leaf extract of vitis labrusca in an animal model of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (ptz). the animals ...201526025400
gibberellin-induced changes in the transcriptome of grapevine (vitis labrusca × v. vinifera) cv. kyoho flowers.gibberellins are well known for their growth control function in flower, fruit and seed development, and as such, exogenous gibberellic acid (ga) application plays an important role in viticulture. unfortunately, the mechanism by which ga3 acts in the regulation of these complicated developmental processes in grape remains unclear.201525888129
dietary polyphenols promote growth of the gut bacterium akkermansia muciniphila and attenuate high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome.dietary polyphenols protect against metabolic syndrome, despite limited absorption and digestion, raising questions about their mechanism of action. we hypothesized that one mechanism may involve the gut microbiota. to test this hypothesis, c57bl/6j mice were fed a high-fat diet (hfd) containing 1% concord grape polyphenols (gp). relative to vehicle controls, gp attenuated several effects of hfd feeding, including weight gain, adiposity, serum inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor [tnf]α, ...201525845659
comparison of a pectinolytic extract of kluyveromyces marxianus and a commercial enzyme preparation in the production of ives (vitis labrusca) grape juice.this study analyses the effect of the crude enzymatic extract produced by kluyveromyces marxianus (eeb) in the maceration and clarification of juice produced from ives (vitis labrusca) grapes compared to the commercial enzyme preparation pectinex(®)ultra color (pec). treatments were conducted with a total pectinolytic activity of 1 u/ml of fruit juice, at 40 °c, for 60 min. after the enzymatic treatment, the juices were evaluated with respect to yield, viscosity, and degree of clarification, as ...201525721421
decreasing ph results in a reduction of anthocyanin coprecipitation during cold stabilization of purple grape juice.anthocyanin pigments in grape juice can coprecipitate with potassium bitartrate (kht) crystals during cold stabilization, but factors that reduce these adsorptive losses are not well understood. we hypothesized that coprecipitation on a % w/w basis should be decreased at lower ph. in initial experiments, model juice solutions containing an anthocyanin monoglucoside extract and varying ph values were subjected to cold-storage to induce kht crystallization, and anthocyanins in the resulting precip ...201525569514
bioactive potential of vitis labrusca l. grape juices from the southern region of brazil: phenolic and elemental composition and effect on lipid peroxidation in healthy subjects.grapes are rich in polyphenols with biologically active properties. although the bioactive potential of grape constituents are frequently reported, the effects of brazilian vitis labrusca l. grape juices ingestion have not been demonstrated in humans. this study identified the phenolic and elemental composition of red and white grape juices and the effect of organic and conventional red grape juice consumption on lipid peroxidation in healthy individuals. concentrations of anthocyanins, flavanol ...201525466055
vitis labrusca extract effects on cellular dynamics and redox modulations in a sh-sy5y neuronal cell model: a similar role to lithium.oxidative stress and calcium imbalance are consistently reported in bipolar disorder (bd). polymorphism of voltage-dependent calcium channel, l type, alpha 1c subunit (cacna1c), which is responsible for the regulation of calcium influx, was also shown to have a strong association with bd. these alterations can lead to a number of different consequences in the cell including production of reactive species causing oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and dna. lithium is the most frequent medicatio ...201425445986
effect of processing, post-harvest irradiation, and production system on the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of vitis labrusca l. juices in htc cells.the juices of grapes (vitis labrusca l.) are similar to the fruit itself because the main constituents of the fruit are present in the juice. however, their quality characteristics may be modified by the harsh technological processes used for the production of integral food, such as production systems of raw materials and post-harvest treatment of grapes with ultraviolet (uv) irradiation. therefore, the present study analyzed juices produced naturally (by liquefying the fruit) or by the technolo ...201425244067
fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of selected cold-pressed grape seed oils and flours.cold-pressed chardonnay, muscadine, ruby red, and concord grape seed oils and their defatted flours were studied for their fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. the phenolic profiles of the seed flours were also measured. the most abundant fatty acid in the oils was linoleic acid, ranging from 66.0g/100g of total fatty acids in ruby red seed oil to 75.3g/100g of total fatty acids in concord seed oil. the oils were also high in oleic acid an ...201125212146
effects of post-harvest treatment using chitosan from mucor circinelloides on fungal pathogenicity and quality of table grapes during storage.the aim of this study was to extract chitosan (chi) from mucor circinelloides ucp 050 grown in a corn steep liquor (csl)-based medium under optimized conditions and to assess the efficacy of the obtained chi to inhibit the post-harvest pathogenic fungi aspergillus niger urm 5162 and rhizopus stolonifer urm 3482 in laboratory media and as a coating on table grapes (vitis labrusca l.). the effect of chi coating on some physical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits during stor ...201425084665
functional properties and stability of spray-dried pigments from bordo grape (vitis labrusca) winemaking pomace.the stability of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds, the antioxidant capacity, the antimicrobial activity and the capacity to inhibit arginase from leishmania were evaluated in spray-dried powders from bordo grape winemaking pomace extract. the pigments were produced using maltodextrin as the carrier agent at concentrations varying from 10% to 30% and air entrance temperatures varying from 130 to 170°c. a sample of freeze-dried extract without the carrier was also evaluated. the anthocyanins in ...201424996348
isolation, characterization, spectroscopic properties and quantum chemical computations of an important phytoalexin resveratrol as antioxidant component from vitis labrusca l. and their chemical compositions.in this study, isolation and characterization of trans-resveratrol (res) as an antioxidant compound were carried out from vle, vlg and vls. furthermore, antioxidant activities were evaluated by using six different methods. finally, total phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, lycopene, β-carotene and vitamin e contents were carried out. in addition, the ft-ir, (13)c and (1)h nmr chemical shifts and uv-vis. spectra of trans-resveratrol were experimentally recorded. quantum chemical comp ...201424967544
tydeid and triophtydeid mites (acari: tydeoidea) associated with grapevine (vitaceae: vitis spp.) in brazil, with the descriptions of species of prelorryia (andré, 1980) and tydeus koch, 1835.we report on the tydeidae and triophtydeidae associated with grapevine (vitis labrusca l. and vitis vinifera l.) in rio grande do sul state, brazil, and describe a new species of prelorryia, prelorryia labrusca sp. nov., and two new species of tydeus, tydeus manoi sp. nov. and tydeus riopardensis sp. nov. brachytydeus formosa (cooreman), b. podocarpa (baker), neolorryia pandana (baker), tydeus californicus (banks), pretydeus henriandrei kaźmierski and triophtydeus lebruni (andré) are recorded an ...201424943444
identification of new flavonols in hybrid grapes by combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches.grape flavonols are involved in the phenomenon of copigmentation in red wines. these compounds are characterised by nutraceutical properties, have antioxidant activity and are studied for chemotaxonomy of grapes. in general, hybrid grapes are characterised by presence of polyphenols often qualitatively and quantitatively different from vitis vinifera varieties. in this work, flavonols of 34 hybrid grape varieties (22 red and 12 white) produced by crossing of v. vinifera, vitis riparia, vitis lab ...201424912722
evaluating the effects of amylose and concord grape extract powder substitution on physicochemical properties of wheat flour extrudates produced at different temperatures.in this study, the effects of concord grape extract powder (cgep), high-amylose starch, and their combinations on quality parameters of extruded products were investigated by substituting wheat flour with those ingredients in the formulations. physical quality parameters such as water absorption, bulk density, diametric expansion and hardness of extrudates were evaluated in addition to thermal properties, pasting properties and resistant starch contents. average values obtained for 90, 120 and 1 ...201424679807
targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms with polyphenols for the treatment of alzheimer's disease-experimental approach and therapeutic implications.alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of aging and currently has no cure. its onset and progression are influenced by multiple factors. there is growing consensus that successful treatment will rely on simultaneously targeting multiple pathological features of ad. polyphenol compounds have many proven health benefits. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that combining three polyphenolic preparations (grape seed extract, resveratrol, and concord grape juice ...201424672477
low-dose irradiation can be used as a phytosanitary treatment for fresh table grapes.grapes (vitis vinifera var. sugraone and vitis labrusca var. crimson seedless) were treated with 400, 600, and 800 gy and the effects on physicochemical factors were measured alongside sensory testing during 3 wk of storage. significant changes in texture and color with irradiation and age were measured but little visual difference was seen between control and irradiated grapes. however, age had a greater effect on firmness than irradiation for sugraone grapes. irradiation did not significantly ...201424460773
inhibition of nonenzymatic protein glycation by pomegranate and other fruit juices.the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts in diabetes leads to the crosslinking of proteins and disease complications. our study sought to demonstrate the effect of commonly consumed juices (pomegranate, cranberry, black cherry, pineapple, apple, and concord grape) on the fructose-mediated glycation of albumin. albumin glycation decreased by 98% in the presence of 10 μl of pomegranate juice/ml; other juices inhibited glycation by only 20%. pomegra ...201424433074
effects of chitosan from cunninghamella elegans on virulence of post-harvest pathogenic fungi in table grapes (vitis labrusca l.).this study aimed to obtain chitosan (chi) from cunninghamella elegans cultivated in corn step liquid (csl)-based medium under optimized conditions and to assess the efficacy of the obtained chi in inhibiting botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum in laboratory media and when applied as a coating on table grapes (vitis labrusca l.). moreover, the influence of chi-based coatings on several physical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits during storage was assessed. according ...201424321603
rapid authentication of concord juice concentration in a grape juice blend using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis.concord grape juice is associated with many health benefits, and so it can be sold at a premium price. however, there is currently no method to verify the percent composition of concord grape juice in grape juice blends. in order to guard against potential adulteration, a rapid method for authentication is required. fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy was used to develop a model which predicts the percent composition of concord grape juice. the model was based on a training set of 64 ...201424206721
concord grape pomace polyphenols complexed to soy protein isolate are stable and hypoglycemic in diabetic mice.polyphenols extracted from concord grape pomace were stabilized by complexation to soy protein isolate (spi) to produce grape polyphenol-spi complex (gp-spi) containing 5% or 10% grape polyphenols. lc-ms and maldi-tof analysis showed that a broad range of phytochemicals were present in the grape pomace extract. anthocyanins and total polyphenols in the gp-spi complex were stable after a 16-week incubation at 37 °c but were reduced by up 60% in dried grape pomace extract. compared to vehicle (236 ...201324206100
production of β-damascenone precursors in cell cultures of vitis labruscana cv concord grapes.callus cultures of vitis labruscana cv. concord were initiated from both immature fruit and petiole tissue. analysis revealed that the acid hydrolyzable precursors to β-damascenone, a compound important to the flavor of most grape species, were present in both callus types. light and increased sucrose concentration were shown to raise the levels of the precursor, some of which are glycosides, in the petiole callus but not in the fruit callus. addition of β-carotene, a biogenic precursor to β-dam ...199424194030
flavor of cold-hardy grapes: impact of berry maturity and environmental conditions.since the arrival on the market of high-quality cold-hardy grape varieties, northern winemaking has been developing tremendously in countries traditionally unsuited for grape and wine production. cold-hardy grapes are mainly interspecific hybrids of vitis vinifera with vitis labrusca and vitis riparia , making their chemical composition distinct from that of v. vinifera varieties traditionally used for winemaking and therefore limiting the use of current knowledge about v. vinifera varieties in ...201324151907
favorable effects of concord grape juice on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in healthy smokers.smoking is associated with impaired vascular function. concord grape juice (cgj), a rich source of flavonoids, can modify cardiovascular risk factors. endothelial function and arterial stiffness are surrogate markers of arterial health. we examined the impact of cgj on arterial wall properties in healthy smokers.201424061071
effect of chronic treatment with conventional and organic purple grape juices (vitis labrusca) on rats fed with high-fat diet.serra gaucha is described as the most important wine region of brazil. regarding cultivars widespread in the serra gaucha, about 90 % of the area is occupied by vines of vitis labrusca that is the most important specie used in grape juice production. the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of chronic intake of purple grape juice (organic and conventional) from bordo variety (v. labrusca) on oxidative stress in different brain regions of rats supp ...201323989908
efficacy of origanum vulgare l. and rosmarinus officinalis l. essential oils in combination to control postharvest pathogenic aspergilli and autochthonous mycoflora in vitis labrusca l. (table grapes).this study evaluated the efficacy of the application of the essential oils of origanum vulgare l. (oveo) and rosmarinus officinalis l. (roeo) alone and in combination to inhibit aspergillus flavus urm 4540 and aspergillus niger urm 5842 in fungal growth media and on vitis labrusca l. (table grapes). the influence on the autochthonous mycoflora and the physical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the grapes during storage (25°c, 12days and 12°c, 24days) were also studied. the applicat ...201323810954
yield-based economic thresholds for grape berry moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in juice grapes.a 3-yr field study was conducted at commercial juice grape (vitis labrusca l.) vineyards to develop an economic injury level (eil) for grape berry moth, paralobesia viteana (clemens) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) and to determine patterns of cluster injury. infestation of grape clusters by p. viteana was measured biweekly from bloom until harvest, and fruit was sampled immediately before harvest to determine the yield and level of fruit injury by this pest. comparison of fruit infestation at each s ...201323786081
antioxidant effect of organic purple grape juice on exhaustive exercise.this study aimed to assess the potential protective effect of organic purple grape juice (pgj) on oxidative stress produced by an exhaustive exercise bout in rats. to test this hypothesis, rats were acutely treated with organic pgj (vitis labrusca) and subsequently submitted to an exhaustive exercise bout. parameters of oxidative stress, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive species (tbars) levels, 2',7',-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (dcfh-da) oxidation, and nonprotein sulfhydryl levels (np-sh) ...201223668765
effects of selected bioactive natural products on the vascular endothelium.the endothelium, a highly active structure, regulates vascular homeostasis through the release of numerous vasoactive factors that control vascular tone and vascular smooth cell proliferation. a larger number of medicinal plants and their isolated chemical constituents have been shown to beneficially affect the endothelium. for example, flavonoids in black tea, green tea, and concord grape cause a vasodilation possibly through their antioxidant properties. allicin, a by-product of the enzyme all ...201323599064
concord grape juice reverses the age-related impairment in latent learning in rats.two experiments were conducted to determine if dietary supplementation with concord grape juice could reverse the latent learning impairment normally observed in middle-aged male rats.201423541291
redox-sensitive up-regulation of enos by purple grape juice in endothelial cells: role of pi3-kinase/akt, p38 mapk, jnk, foxo1 and foxo3a.the vascular protective effect of grape-derived polyphenols has been attributable, in part, to their direct action on blood vessels by stimulating the endothelial formation of nitric oxide (no). the aim of the present study was to determine whether concord grape juice (cgj), which contains high levels of polyphenols, stimulates the expression of endothelial no synthase (enos) in porcine coronary artery endothelial cells and, if so, to determine the signaling pathway involved. cgj dose- and time- ...201323533577
role of non-saccharomyces yeasts in korean wines produced from campbell early grapes: potential use of hanseniaspora uvarum as a starter culture.several yeasts were isolated from campbell early grapes (vitis labrusca cultivar campbell early), the major grape cultivar in korea, grown in two different regions. pcr-rflp analysis of the its i-5.8s-its ii region showed that 34 isolates out of a total of 40 were in the same group. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the major strain belonged to one species, hanseniaspora uvarum, although they displayed some nucleotide mismatches between them. during spontaneous alcohol fermentation at 20 °c, t ...201323498200
pheromone-based monitoring of pseudococcus maritimus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) populations in concord grape vineyards.the grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), is the dominant mealybug in washington's concord grape vineyards (vitis labrusca l.). it is a direct pest of fruit clusters and a vector of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. using traps baited with the sex pheromone of ps. maritimus, we determined the optimal trap density for monitoring ps. maritimus, with the goal of providing a more rapid monitoring method for ps. maritimus than visual surveys. varying densities of pheromone-baited tra ...201323448065
effect of ph on anti-rotavirus activity by comestible juices and proanthocyanidins in a cell-free assay system.cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) and grape (vitis labrusca) juices, and these species' secondary plant metabolites [i.e., proanthocyanidins (pacs)] possess antiviral activity. an understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for these juices and their polyphenolic constituents' direct effect on enteric virus integrity, however, remains poorly defined. using the rotavirus (rtv) as a model enteric virus system, the direct effect of manufacturer-supplied and commercially purchased juices [ocean sp ...201223412889
suppression of oncoprotein her-2 and dna damage after treatment with flavan-3- ol vitis labrusca extract.hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer are the most prevalent cancers in the world with high morbidity and mortality. although there are effective drugs for treating advanced stages of liver and breast cancers, the prognosis for patients with liver cancer remains poor, and patients with breast cancer show considerable mortality. therefore, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic agents for the inhibition of carcinogenesis. this study examined the anti-carcinogenic effect of vitis labrusca s ...201323343084
endophytic fungi from vitis labrusca l. ('niagara rosada') and its potential for the biological control of fusarium oxysporum.we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (vitis labrusca cv. niagara rosada) leaves collected from salesópolis, sp, brazil. the fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the its1-5.8s-its2 rdna. in addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro. we also observed that the climatic factors, such as temperature ...201223315803
stilbenoid profiles of canes from vitis and muscadinia species.we present stilbenoid profiles of canes from 16 grapevines. fifteen stilbenoids were obtained through isolation and structure identification using ms, nmr, and [α](d) or as commercial standards. an hplc-uv method for the simultaneous quantification of nine of these stilbenoids was developed and applied to canes of vitis amurensis, vitis arizonica, vitis berlandieri, vitis betulifolia, vitis cinerea, vitis × champini, vitis × doaniana, vitis labrusca, vitis candicans (syn. vitis mustangensis), vi ...201323270496
flavan-3-ol compounds prevent pentylenetetrazol-induced oxidative damage in rats without producing mutations and genotoxicity.seizure disorder is a chronic condition in the brain that affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of this disorder and can cause neuronal injury. approximately one in three treated patients suffers from seizures regardless of pharmacological intervention, which results in oxidative damage. the present study aims to investigate the possible protective effect of antioxidant-rich vitis labrusca extract on pentylenetetrazol-indu ...201323262085
supercritical fluid extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from grape (vitis labrusca b.) seeds.supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) technique was applied and optimized for temperature, co₂ pressure and ethanol (modifier) concentration using orthogonal array design and response surface methodology for the extract yield, total phenols and antioxidants from grape (vitis labrusca b.) seeds. effects of extraction temperature and pressure were found to be significant for all these response variables in sfe process. optimum sfe conditions (44 ~ 46 °c temperature and 153 ~ 161 bar co₂ pressure) a ...201222992888
efficacy of the application of a coating composed of chitosan and origanum vulgare l. essential oil to control rhizopus stolonifer and aspergillus niger in grapes (vitis labrusca l.).this study evaluated the efficacy of the combined application of chitosan (chi) and origanum vulgare l. essential oil (ov) in the inhibition of rhizopus stolonifer urm 3728 and aspergillus niger urm 5842 on laboratory media and on grapes (vitis labrusca l.) and its influence on the physical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits during storage (25 °c, 12 days and 12 °c, 24 days). the application of mixtures of different chi and ov concentrations (minimum inhibitory concentrat ...201222986200
colonic catabolism of dietary phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from concord grape juice.after acute ingestion of 350 ml of concord grape juice, containing 528 μmol of (poly)phenolic compounds, by healthy volunteers, a wide array of phase i and ii metabolites were detected in the circulation and excreted in urine. ingestion of the juice by ileostomists resulted in 40% of compounds being recovered intact in ileal effluent. the current study investigated the fate of these undigested (poly)phenolic compounds on reaching the colon. this was achieved through incubation of the juice using ...201322961385
molecular cloning and functional analysis of two fad2 genes from american grape (vitis labrusca l.).the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas), the most abundant fatty acids in plants, begins with a reaction catalyzed by fatty acid desaturase 2 (fad2; ec 1.3.1.35), also called microsomal oleate δ12-desaturase. since the fad2 gene was first identified in arabidopsis thaliana, fad2 research has gained wide interest as the essential enzyme for synthesizing pufa. grapes are one of the most frequently cultivated fruits in the world, with most commercial growers cultivating vitis vinifera ...201222955034
a prospective randomized double-blind trial of grape juice antioxidants in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.many patients take alternative medications for their lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) either in addition or as a substitute for traditional therapies, despite a lack of clinical data. grapes products are hypothesized to improve bladder function due to their antioxidant and membrane-protective actions. there is increasing evidence that progression of obstructed bladder dysfunction is related to bladder ischemia, reperfusion injury and free radical damage. we prospectively studied a standardize ...201322907790
anti-atherogenic effects of a phenol-rich fraction from brazilian red wine (vitis labrusca l.) in hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice.moderate wine intake (i.e., 1-2 glasses of wine a day) is associated with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of a nonalcoholic ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) from a south brazilian red wine obtained from vitis labrusca grapes. experiments were carried out on low-density lipoprotein (ldl) receptor knockout (ldlr⁻/⁻) mice, which were subjected to a hypercholesterolemic diet and treated with dos ...201222856453
metabolite profiling of jaboticaba (myrciaria cauliflora) and other dark-colored fruit juices.many dark-colored fruit juices, rich in anthocyanins, are thought to be important for human health. joboticaba (myrciaria cauliflora) fruits, native to brazil, have phenolics including anthocyanins and are processed into juice and other products. the phenolic constituents in the fruits of jaboticaba were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. twenty-two compounds were identified or tentatively determined by detaile ...201222809264
comparison of a retrotransposon-based marker with microsatellite markers for discriminating accessions of vitis vinifera.identification and knowledge concerning genetic diversity are fundamental for efficient management and use of grapevine germplasm. recently, new types of molecular markers have been developed, such as retrotransposon-based markers. because of their multilocus pattern, retrotransposon-based markers might be able to differentiate grapevine accessions with just one pair of primers. in order to evaluate the efficiency of this type of marker, we compared retrotransposon marker tvv1 with seven microsa ...201222653601
supercritical extraction from vinification residues: fatty acids, α-tocopherol, and phenolic compounds in the oil seeds from different varieties of grape.supercritical fluid extraction has been widely employed in the extraction of high purity substances. in this study, we used the technology to obtain oil from seeds from a variety of grapes, from vinification residues generated in the southern region of the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. this work encompasses three varieties of vitis vinifera (moscato giallo, merlot, and cabernet sauvignon) and two of vitis labrusca (bordô e isabel), harvested in 2005 and 2006. we obtained the highest oil co ...201222593706
concord grape juice supplementation and neurocognitive function in human aging.polyphenol compounds found in berry fruits, in particular flavonoids, have been associated with health benefits including improvement in cognition and neuronal function with aging. concord grape juice contains polyphenols, including anthocyanins and flavanols, and previous research has shown improvement in a number of human health conditions with grape juice supplementation. in the current study, older adult subjects with mild cognitive impairment consumed concord grape juice or placebo for 16 w ...201222468945
biochemical analysis and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of a grape polyphenol-soybean flour complex.defatted soybean flour (dsf) can efficiently sorb, concentrate, and stabilize polyphenols, but not sugars, from concord grape juice, to yield grape polyphenol-enriched dsf. sorption of grape polyphenols to dsf particles was dependent on the ratio of dsf and grape juice concentrate used, but not time of mixing or ph. depending on ratios of starting materials, 1 g of grape polyphenol-enriched dsf contained 1.6-10.4 mg of anthocyanins, 7.5-93.1 mg of proanthocyanidins, and 20.5-144.5 mg of total po ...201222462390
assessment of the validity of maturity metrics for predicting the volatile composition of concord grape juice.total soluble solids (tss) are typically used as the sole metric for maturity of concord grapes. however, the reliability of tss in predicting the aroma composition of finished juice for grapes sourced from multiple sites has not been investigated. this study sought to determine the validity of tss in predicting the aroma composition of the juice while also investigating other potentially useful indicators, including ph, titratable acidity (ta), and tss:ta ratio. grapes were harvested from 9 sit ...201222384957
gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds following ingestion of concord grape juice by humans.the in vitro gastrointestinal stability of (poly)phenolic compounds in concord grape juice was compared with recoveries in ileal fluid after the ingestion of the juice by ileostomists. recoveries in ileal fluid indicated that 67% of hydroxycinnamate tartarate esters, and smaller percentages of the intake of other (poly)phenolic compounds, pass from the small intestine to the colon. the juice was also ingested by healthy subjects with an intact functioning colon. peak plasma concentrations (c(max ...201222331633
hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and renal-protective effects of organic and conventional grapevine leaf extracts on wistar rat tissues.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of organic and conventional grapevine (vitis labrusca l.) leaf extracts in reducing hydrogen peroxide-induced stress in the liver, heart and kidney of wistar rats by measuring lipids and proteins damages (carbonyl assay), as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. the preincubation with 5 mg/ml of organic and conventional grapevine (vitis labrusca l.) leaf extracts prevented both lipids an ...201122146965
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