Publications

synergetic effect of rhamnolipid from pseudomonas aeruginosa c1501 and phytotoxic metabolite from lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae c1136 on amaranthus hybridus l. and echinochloa crus-galli weeds.	rhamnolipid (rh) is a biosurfactant produced by the bacterial pseudomonas aeruginosa. this present study investigates rhizospheric strain c1501 of p. aeruginosa with an accession number kf976394 with the best production of rhamnolipid: a biosurfactant. the partially purified rhamnolipid from strain c1501 and tween 80 was tested on mycelial growth of wild strain c1136. the enzyme activities involved in biodegradation, as well as necrosis induction on the tested weeds, were performed using scannin ...	2017	28397123
asparagus decline: autotoxicity and autotoxic compounds in asparagus rhizomes.	asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) is a perennial vegetable, but its crop productivity and quality decrease gradually. one possible reason for "asparagus decline" is thought to be the autotoxicity of asparagus. however, the autotoxic property of asparagus rhizomes remains unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the potential role of rhizomes in the autotoxicity of asparagus. an aqueous methanol extract of asparagus rhizomes inhibited the growth of asparagus seedlings and six othe ...	2017	28314158
maternally-induced modification of progeny phenotypes in the c4 weed echinochloa crus-galli: an analysis of seed constituents and performance.	to clarify the physiological basis of maternal inheritance we examined the effect of the thermal environment of mother plants of echinochloa crus-galli on subsequent seed mass, content and quality. the same plants were grown in a warm and a cold environment until seeds were produced and, since e. crus-galli is a highly inbred species, the observed variation in seed production was a purely plastic response to the environment. when mother plants were grown at high temperature, average seed mass, v ...	1993	28313439
effects of temperature and co2 enrichment on kinetic properties of nadp(+)-malate dehydrogenase in two ecotypes of barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) from contrasting climates.	the apparent energy of activation (e a), michaelis-menten constant (k mfor oxaloacetate), v max/k mratios and specific activities of nadp(+)-malate dehydrogenase (nadp(+)-mdh; ec 1.1.1.82) were analyzed in plants of barnyard grass from québec (que) and mississippi (miss) acclimated to two thermoperiods 28/22°c, 21/15°c, and grown under two co2 concentrations, 350 μl l(-1) and 675 μl l(-1). e avalues of nadp(+)-mdh extracted from que plants were significantly lower than those of miss plants. k mv ...	1989	28312170
effect of low temperature on the photosynthetic metabolism of the c4 grass echinochloa crus-galli.	co2 curves of photosynthesis and activities of the four c4 enzymes and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpc) were compared in two populations of the c4 grass echinochloa crus-galli from contrasting thermal environments (québec and mississippi). analyses were conducted both before and after 14 h of chilling at 7°c under high light conditions. this comparison provides the opportunity to assess which steps of the c4 pathway are more susceptible to become limiting at low temperatures. both popul ...	1986	28311607
low night temperature effect on photosynthate translocation of two c4 grasses.	translocation of assimilates in plants of echinochloa crus-galli, from quebec and mississippi, and of eleusine indica from mississippi was monitored, before and after night chilling, using radioactive tracing with the short-life isotope (11)c. plants were grown at 28°/22°c (day/night temperatures) under either 350 or 675 μl·l(-1) co2. low night temperature reduced translocation mainly by increasing the turn-over times of the export pool. e. crus-galli plants from mississippi were the most suscep ...	1985	28311562
effects of temperature and co2 enrichment on kinetic properties of phospho-enol-pyruvate carboxylase in two ecotypes of echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv., a c4 weed grass species.	two populations of echinochloa crus-galli (québec, mississippi) were grown at the duke university phytotron under 2 thermoperiods (28°/22°c, 21°/15°c day/night) and 2 co2 regimes (350 and 675 μl l(-1)). thermostability, energy of activation (e a ),k m (pep), k m (mg(++)), and specific activity of phospho-enol-pyruvate carboxylase (pepc) were analyzed in partially purified enzyme preparations of plants grown for 5 weeks. thermostability of pepc from extracts (in vitro) and leaves (in situ) was si ...	1984	28311006
geographic variation in seed dormancy among populations of echinochloa crus-galli.	in 1991-1993, we investigated the incidence of seed dormancy in 25 local populations of barnyard grass, echinochloa crus-galli (l.) p.beauv., in the western czech republic. the percentage of germination after 4 months afterripening of dry seeds at 25°c varied between 0.0 and 83.6%. although there were significant annual differences in the percentage of germination at some localities, typical proportions of dormant seeds persisted over 3 years at field sites where the seed bank was not disturbed. ...	1996	28307856
interference of allelopathic rice with paddy weeds at the root level.	despite increasing knowledge of the involvement of allelopathy in negative interactions among plants, relatively little is known about its action at the root level. this study aims to enhance understanding of interactions of roots between a crop and associated weeds via allelopathy. based on a series of experiments with window rhizoboxes and root segregation methods, we examined root placement patterns and root interactions between allelopathic rice and major paddy weeds cyperus difformis, echin ...	2017	28218979
differences in photosynthetic responses of nadp-me type c4 species to high light.	three species chosen as representatives of nadp-me c4 subtype exhibit different sensitivity toward photoinhibition, and great photochemical differences were found to exist between the species. these characteristics might be due to the imbalance in the excitation energy between the photosystems present in m and bs cells, and also due to that between species caused by the penetration of light inside the leaves. such regulation in the distribution of light intensity between m and bs cells shows tha ...	2017	27990574
data for itraq-based quantitative proteomics analysis of different biotypes in echinochloa crus-galli with multi-herbicide treatment.	barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) is one of the most troublesome herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide that interferes with rice growth and rice yield. here we provide the data from a comparative proteomic analysis of leaves in resistant (r) and susceptible (s) biotypes of echinochloa crus-galli both with and without multi-herbicide treatment in two independent biological experiments using itraq. the distribution of length and number of peptides, mass and sequence coverage of proteins were pr ...	2016	27830171
enterobacter sp. i-3, a bio-herbicide inhibits gibberellins biosynthetic pathway and regulates abscisic acid and amino acids synthesis to control plant growth.	very few bacterial species were identified as bio-herbicides for weed control. the present research was focused to elucidate the plant growth retardant properties of enterobacter sp. i-3 during their interaction by determining the changes in endogenous photosynthetic pigments, plant hormones and amino acids. the two bacterial isolates i-4-5 and i-3 were used to select the superior bacterium for controlling weed seeds (echinochloa crus-galli l. and portulaca oleracea l.) germination. the post-ino ...	2016	27825481
quantitative proteomics reveals ecological fitness cost of multi-herbicide resistant barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli l.).	barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) is one of the top 15 herbicide-resistant weeds around the world that interferes with rice growth, resulting in major losses of rice yield. thus, multi-herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass presents a major threat, with the underlying mechanisms that contribute to resistance requiring elucidation. in an attempt to characterize this multi-herbicide resistance at the proteomic level, comparative analysis of resistant and susceptible barnyardgrasses was perform ...	2017	27667388
mechanism of metamifop inhibition of the carboxyltransferase domain of acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase in echinochloa crus-galli.	acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase) plays crucial roles in fatty acid metabolism and is an attractive target for herbicide discovery. metamifop is a novel accase-inhibiting herbicide that can be applied to control sensitive weeds in paddy fields. in this study, the effects of metamifop on the chloroplasts, accase activity and carboxyltransferase (ct) domain gene expression in echinochloa crus-galli were investigated. the results showed that metamifop interacted with the ct domain of accase in ...	2016	27666674
a potent phytotoxic substance in aglaia odorata lour.	aglaia odorata lour. (meliaceae) was found to have very strong allelopathic activity and a bioherbicide porganic(™) was developed from its leaf extracts. however, the phytotoxic substances causing the strong allelopathic activity of the plants have not yet been determined. therefore, we investigated allelopathic properties and phytotoxic substances in a. odorata. aqueous etoh extracts of a. odorata leaves inhibited root and shoot growth of garden cress (lepidum sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa) ...	2016	27088639
synthesis and herbicidal evaluation of novel benzothiazole derivatives as potential inhibitors of d1 protease.	d1 protease is a c-terminal processing protease that has been predicted to be an ideal herbicidal target. three novel series of benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their herbicidal activities against brassica napus (rape) and echinochloa crusgalli (barnyard grass). the preliminary bioassay indicated that most of the synthesized compounds possess promising d1 protease inhibitory activities and considerable herbicidal activities. molecular docking was performed to position ...	2016	26905829
studying of cellular interaction of hairpin-like peptide ecamp1 from barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) seeds with plant pathogenic fungus fusarium solani using microscopy techniques.	an interaction of recombinant hairpin-like cationic peptide ecamp1 with conidia of plant pathogenic fungus fusarium solani at the cellular level was studied by a combination of microscopic methods. ecamp1 is from barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.), and obtained by heterologous expression in escherichia coli system. as a result, a direct relationship between hyphal growth inhibition and increasing active peptide concentration, time of incubation and fungal physiological condition has been ...	2016	26855384
synthesis and herbicidal activity evaluation of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives containing a uracil moiety.	a series of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives containing a uracil moiety 3a-3l were designed and synthesized by a lewis acid (magnesium perchlorate) catalyzed the kabachnik-fields reaction. the bioassays {in vitro, in vivo [glass house 1 (gh1) and glass house 2 (gh2)]} showed that most of compounds 3 exhibited excellent and selective herbicidal activities; for example, in gh1 test, compounds 3b, 3d, 3f, 3h and 3j showed excellent and wide spectrum herbicidal activities at the dose of 1000 g/ ...	2016	26786699
kaempferol activates g₂-checkpoint of the cell cycle resulting in g₂-arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in human acute leukemia jurkat t cells.	the effect of kaempferol (3,5,7,4-tetrahydroxyflavone), a flavonoid compound that was identified in barnyard millet (echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea) grains, on g2-checkpoint and apoptotic pathways was investigated in human acute leukemia jurkat t cell clones stably transfected with an empty vector (j/neo) or a bcl-xl expression vector (j/bcl-xl). exposure of j/neo cells to kaempeferol caused cytotoxicity and activation of the atm/atr-chk1/chk2 pathway, activating the phosphorylation of ...	2016	26699757
barnyard grasses were processed with rice around 10000 years ago.	rice (oryza sativa) is regarded as the only grass that was selected for cultivation and eventual domestication in the yangtze basin of china. although both macro-fossils and micro-fossils of rice have been recovered from the early neolithic site of shangshan, dating to more than 10,000 years before present (bp), we report evidence of phytolith and starch microfossils taken from stone tools, both for grinding and cutting, and cultural layers, that indicating barnyard grass (echinochloa spp.) was ...	2015	26536839
the complete chloroplast genome of an irreplaceable dietary and model crop, foxtail millet (setaria italica).	the complete chloroplast genome sequence of foxtail millet (setaria italica), an important food and fodder crop in the family poaceae, is first reported in this study. the genome consists of 1 35 516 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats (irs) of 21 804 bp separated by a large single-copy (lsc) region and a small single-copy (ssc) region of 79 896 bp and 12 012 bp, respectively. coding sequences constitute 58.8% of the genome harboring 111 unique genes, 71 of which are protein-coding genes, 4 ...	2016	26486605
rice transcriptome analysis to identify possible herbicide quinclorac detoxification genes.	quinclorac is a highly selective auxin-type herbicide and is widely used in the effective control of barnyard grass in paddy rice fields, improving the world's rice yield. the herbicide mode of action of quinclorac has been proposed, and hormone interactions affecting quinclorac signaling has been identified. because of widespread use, quinclorac may be transported outside rice fields with the drainage waters, leading to soil and water pollution and other environmental health problems. in this s ...	2015	26483837
root discrimination of closely related crop and weed species using ft mir-atr spectroscopy.	root discrimination of species is a pre-condition for studying belowground competition processes between crop and weed species. in this experiment, we tested fourier transform mid-infrared (ft mir)-attenuated total reflection (atr) spectroscopy to discriminate roots of closely related crop and weed species grown in the greenhouse: maize/barnyard grass, barley/wild oat, wheat/blackgrass (poaceae), and sugar beet/common lambsquarters (chenopodiaceae). fresh (moist) and dried root segments as well ...	2015	26483799
the complete chloroplast genomes of three korean echinochloa crus-galli accessions.	the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of three echinochloa crus-galli accessions (kr822684, kr822685, and kr822686) are reported in this work. the cp genome size is similar in three accessions, ranging from 139 846 bp to 139 860 bp. all three genomes have two inverted repeats (ir) of 22 748 bp per each ir with a large single copy (lsc) region of 81 833-81 844 bp and a small single copy (ssc) region of 12 517-12 520 bp. the total of 131 genes was identified in individual accession. phylogenetic a ...	2016	26466198
phytotoxic potential and biological activity of three synthetic coumarin derivatives as new natural-like herbicides.	coumarin is a natural compound well known for its phytotoxic potential. in the search for new herbicidal compounds to manage weeds, three synthetic derivatives bearing the coumarin scaffold (1-3), synthesized by a carbonylative organometallic approach, were in vitro assayed on germination and root growth of two noxious weeds, amaranthus retroflexus and echinochloa crus-galli. moreover, the synthetic coumarins 1-3 were also in vitro assayed on seedlings growth of the model species arabidopsis tha ...	2015	26426002
mexican propolis flavonoids affect photosynthesis and seedling growth.	as a continuous effort to find new natural products with potential herbicide activity, flavonoids acacetin (1), chrysin (2) and 4',7-dimethylnarangenin (3) were isolated from a propolis sample collected in the rural area of mexico city and their effects on the photosynthesis light reactions and on the growth of lolium perenne, echinochloa crus-galli and physalis ixocarpa seedlings were investigated. acacetin (1) acted as an uncoupler by enhancing the electron transport under basal and phosphoryl ...	2015	26318278
uncovering the differential molecular basis of adaptive diversity in three echinochloa leaf transcriptomes.	echinochloa is a major weed that grows almost everywhere in farmed land. this high prevalence results from its high adaptability to various water conditions, including upland and paddy fields, and its ability to grow in a wide range of climates, ranging from tropical to temperate regions. three echinochloa crus-galli accessions (ec-snu1, ec-snu2, and ec-snu3) collected in korea have shown diversity in their responses to flooding, with ec-snu1 exhibiting the greatest growth among three accessions ...	2015	26266806
herbicide sensitivity of echinochloa crus-galli populations: a comparison between cropping systems.	echinochloa crus-galli populations exhibit high morphological variability and their response to herbicides varies from field to field. differential response to herbicides could reflect differences in selection pressure, caused by years of cropping system related herbicide usage. this study investigates the relation between herbicide sensitivity of echinochloa crus-galli populations and the cropping system to which they were subjected. the herbicide sensitivity of echinochloa crus-galli was evalu ...	2014	26084085
competition between rice (oryza sativa l.) and (barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) p. beauv.) as affected by methanol foliar application.	pot experiment was conducted in iran, to evaluate the effect of methanol on competition between rice (oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli). the experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a factorial treatment arrangement and three replicates. factors were two aqueous methanol foliar applications (0, and 14% v/v) and five rice: barnyardgrass ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:6, and 0:100). replacement series diagrams for aboveground dry weight illustrate ...	2015	26062115
[research on identification of cabbages and weeds combining spectral imaging technology and sam taxonomy].	weeds automatic identification is the key technique and also the bottleneck for implementation of variable spraying and precision pesticide. therefore, accurate, rapid and non-destructive automatic identification of weeds has become a very important research direction for precision agriculture. hyperspectral imaging system was used to capture the hyperspectral images of cabbage seedlings and five kinds of weeds such as pigweed, barnyard grass, goosegrass, crabgrass and setaria with the wavelengt ...	2015	25970917
multiple-herbicide resistance in echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis, an allohexaploid weed species, in dry-seeded rice.	biotypes of echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis with resistance to cyhalofop-butyl, an acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) inhibitor, have been found in dry-seeded rice fields in okayama, japan. we collected two lines with suspected resistance (ecf27 and ecf108) from dry-seeded rice fields and investigated their sensitivity to cyhalofop-butyl and other herbicides. both lines exhibited approximately 7-fold higher resistance to cyhalofop-butyl than a susceptible line. ecf108 was susceptible to pen ...	2015	25868810
acetylation of barnyardgrass starch with acetic anhydride under iodine catalysis.	barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) is an invasive plant that is difficult to control and is found in abundance as part of the waste of the paddy industry. in this study, barnyardgrass starch was extracted and studied to obtain a novel starch with potential food and non-food applications. we report some of the physicochemical, functional and morphological properties as well as the effect of modifying this starch with acetic anhydride by catalysis with 1, 5 or 10mm of iodine. the extent of the ...	2015	25704707
phytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenes from the coprophilous fungus penicillium sp. g1-a14.	bioassay-directed fractionation of an extract from the grain-based culture of the coprophilous fungus penicillium sp. g1-a14 led to the isolation of a new eremophilane-type sesquiterpene, 3r,6r-dihydroxy-9,7(11)-dien-8-oxoeremophilane (1), along with three known analogues, namely, isopetasol (2), sporogen ao-1 (3), and dihydrosporogen ao-1 (4). the structure of 1 was elucidated using 1d and 2d nmr and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. assignment of absolute configuration at the stereogenic cente ...	2015	25603174
synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel 1-(diethoxy-phosphoryl)-3-(4-one-1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-yl carboxylic esters.	a series of novel compounds, namely 1-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-3-(4-ones-1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl carboxylic esters, were designed on the basis of the diazafulvene intermediate of imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (igpd) and high-activity inhibitors of igpd, and synthesized as inhibitors targeting igpd in plants. their structures were confirmed by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 31p-nmr and hr-ms. the herbicidal evaluation performed by a petri dish culture method showed that most compounds possesse ...	2015	25587785
a phytotoxic active substance in the decomposing litter of the fern gleichenia japonica.	the fern gleichenia japonica often dominates plant communities by forming large monospecific stands throughout the temperate to tropical asia. the objective of this study was the investigation of allelopathic property and substances of the decomposing litter of the fern to evaluate the possible involvement of its allelopathy in the domination. an aqueous methanol extract of g. japonica litter inhibited the growth of garden cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), barnyard grass (echin ...	2015	25569852
identification and comparative analysis of micrornas in barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) in response to rice allelopathy.	rice allelopathy is a hot topic in the field of allelopathy, and behaviour of donor allelopathic rice has been well documented. however, few study addresses response of receiver barnyardgrass (byg). we found that expression of mirnas relevant to plant hormone signal transduction, nucleotide excision repair and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and p53 signalling pathways was enhanced in byg co-cultured with the allelopathic rice cultivar pi312777, the expression levels of these mirn ...	2015	25438645
design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of novel substituted 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives.	a series of novel substituted 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-phenylpridines as the lead compound by intermediate derivatization methods in an attempt to obtain novel compound candidates for weed control. the herbicidal activity assay in glasshouse tests showed several compounds (ii6, ii7, ii8, ii9, ii10, ii11, iii2, iii3, iii4, and iii5) could efficiently control velvet leaf, youth-and-old age, barnyard grass, and foxtail at the 37.5 g/ha act ...	2014	25437124
echinochloa chloroplast genomes: insights into the evolution and taxonomic identification of two weedy species.	the genus echinochloa (poaceae) includes numerous problematic weeds that cause the reduction of crop yield worldwide. to date, dna sequence information is still limited in the genus echinochloa. in this study, we completed the entire chloroplast genomes of two echinochloa species (echinochloa oryzicola and echinochloa crus-galli) based on high-throughput sequencing data from their fresh green leaves. the two echinochloa chloroplast genomes are 139,891 and 139,800 base pairs in length, respective ...	2014	25427255
suaveolic acid: a potent phytotoxic substance of hyptis suaveolens.	hyptis suaveolens (lamiaceae) is an exotic invasive plant in many countries. earlier studies reported that the aqueous, methanol, and aqueous methanol extract of h. suaveolens and its residues have phytotoxic properties. however, to date, the phytotoxic substances of this plant have not been reported. therefore, the objectives of this study were isolation and identification of phytotoxic substances of h. suaveolens. aqueous methanol extract of this plant was purified by several chromatographic r ...	2014	25405221
comparison of arsenic uptake ability of barnyard grass and rice species for arsenic phytoremediation.	in this research, the relative performance in arsenic (as) remediation was evaluated among some barnyard grass and rice species under hydroponic conditions. to this end, four barnyard grass varieties and two rice species were selected and tested for their remediation potential of arsenic. the plants were grown for 2 weeks in as-rich solutions up to 10 mg as l(-1) to measure their tolerance to as and their uptake capabilities. among the varieties of plants tested in all treatment types, br-29 ric ...	2015	25389022
differences in responses to flooding by germinating seeds of two contrasting rice cultivars and two species of economically important grass weeds.	crop productivity is largely affected by abiotic factors such as flooding and by biotic factors such as weeds. although flooding after direct seeding of rice helps suppress weeds, it also can adversely affects germination and growth of rice, resulting in poor crop establishment. barnyard grasses (echinochloa spp.) are among the most widespread weeds affecting rice, especially under direct seeding. the present work aimed to establish effective management options to control these weeds. we assesse ...	2014	25336336
isolation and identification of an allelopathic phenylethylamine in rice.	allelopathy is the process whereby an organic chemical (allelochemical) released from one plant influences the growth and development of other plants. allelochemicals produced by specific rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars have potential to manage barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli l.), a major yield-limiting weed species in rice production systems in asia and north america. in this study, isolation and identification of an allelopathic compound, n-trans-cinnamoyltyramine (ntct), in a vietname ...	2014	25212867
the effect of salinity on chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients in common weeds of coastal rice fields in malaysia.	six weed species (leptochola chinensis, echinochloa crus-galli, echinochloa colona, jussiaea linifolia, oryza sativa (weedy rice) and cyperus iria) were tested for their salt tolerant traits in terms of chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation against different salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 ds m(-1)). chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation were determined. salt stress showed prominent effect on all the parameters i ...	2014	25204059
biology of rice bug leptocorisa oratorius (fabricius) (hemiptera: alydidae), population change and alternative host plants.	leptocorisa oratorius (fabricius) (hemiptera: alydidae) is a major rice pest which feeds on the sap of stems and rice seeds. some graminaceous weed species serve as an alternative host of l. oratorius causing outbreaks throughout the rice growing season. population changes of l. oratorius during both rice growing seasons - wet-season rice and dry-season rice - including the influence of alternative host, barnyard grass echinochloa crus-galli (graminaceae) on the development of l. oratorius was s ...	2013	25145240
phytotoxic activity of ocimum tenuiflorum extracts on germination and seedling growth of different plant species.	phytotoxic activity of ocimum tenuiflorum (lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. the plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract ml(-1) reduced significantly the total germination percent ...	2014	25032234
determination and study on dissipation and residue determination of cyhalofop-butyl and its metabolite using hplc-ms/ms in a rice ecosystem.	cyhalofop-butyl is an aryloxyphenoxypropionate postemergence herbicide with good control of barnyard grass in rice paddies. in this study, method for the determination of cyhalofop-butyl and its metabolite was developed with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. dissipation and residue levels of cyhalofop-butyl and its metabolite in rice ecosystems were also investigated. recoveries and relative standard deviations of cyhalofop-butyl and cyhalofop acid in six matrices ...	2014	25007772
two novel phytotoxic substances from leucas aspera.	leucas aspera (lamiaceae), an aromatic herbaceous plant, is well known for many medicinal properties and a number of bioactive compounds against animal cells have been isolated. however, phytotoxic substances from l. aspera have not yet been documented in the literature. therefore, current research was conducted to explore the phytotoxic properties and substances in l. aspera. aqueous methanol extracts of l. aspera inhibited the germination and growth of garden cress (lepidum sativum) and barnya ...	2014	24913044
nimbolide b and nimbic acid b, phytotoxic substances in neem leaves with allelopathic activity.	neem (azadirachta indica) has been widely used as a traditional medicine and several bioactive compounds have been isolated from this species, but to date no potent allelopathic active substance has been reported. therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic property and phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity in neem. an aqueous methanol extract of neem leaves inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress, lettuce, alfalfa, timothy, crabgrass, ryegrass, barnyard grass and jungl ...	2014	24865604
structure-activity relationship studies of the phytotoxic properties of the diterpenic moiety of breviones.	brevianes are a family of bioactive meroterpenoids originally described in fungi of the family penicillium. these compounds have attracted a great deal of interest not only because of their unusual skeleton, suggesting a mixed mevalonate and polyketide biogenetic pathway, and their unusual oxa-spiro ring fused to an α-pyrone, but also because of the bioactivities shown by many members of this family.	2015	24839263
using next-generation sequencing to detect mutations endowing resistance to pesticides: application to acetolactate-synthase (als)-based resistance in barnyard grass, a polyploid grass weed.	next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies offer tremendous possibilities for accurate detection of mutations endowing pesticide resistance, yet their use for this purpose has not emerged in crop protection. this study aims at promoting ngs use for pesticide resistance diagnosis. it describes a simple procedure accessible to virtually any scientist and implementing freely accessible programs for the analysis of ngs data.	2015	24777558
naphthoquinone spiroketals and organic extracts from the endophytic fungus edenia gomezpompae as potential herbicides.	from the fermentation mycelium of the endophytic fungus edenia gomezpompae were obtained several phytotoxic compounds including two new members of the naphthoquinone spiroketal family, namely, palmarumycin eg1 (1) and preussomerin eg4 (4). in addition, preussomerins eg1-eg3 (7-9) and palmarumycins cp19 (2), cp17 (3), and cp2 (6), as well as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5), were obtained. compounds 2, 3, and 5 are new to this species. the structures of palmarumycins cp19 (2) and cp17 (3) w ...	2014	24689520
pollen-mediated transfer of herbicide resistance in echinochloa crus-galli.	pollen-mediated gene flow (pmgf) can facilitate the dispersal and spread of herbicide resistance from one weed population to another within an agricultural landscape. the aim of this study was to quantify the extent of pmgf in echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass), an important herbicide-resistant weed species in the united states and across the world.	2014	24623467
the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species.	the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ...	1977	24419571
phytotoxic properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lignan fromlarrea tridentata (creosote bush).	the phytotoxic properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (ndga) isolated from creosote bush,larrea tridentata (zygophyllaceae), were examined. ndga dramatically reduces the seedling root growth of barnyard grass, green foxtail, perennial ryegrass, annual ryegrass, red millet, lambsquarter, lettuce, and alfalfa, and reduces the hypocotyl growth of lettuce and green foxtail. it has no effect on the germination of lettuce seeds. ndga almost certainly contributes to the observed allelopathic nature of ...	1985	24311094
isolation ofc-glycosylflavones as probing stimulant of planthoppers in rice plant.	three species of planthopper,nilaparvata lugens,sogatella furcifera, andlaodelphax striatellus, showed characteristic behavior of stylet probing in parenchymal tissues of plants. feeding experiments of planthoppers on aqueous sucrose solution containing the extract of rice plants or barnyard grass revealed the presence of the stimulant for the probing behavior in the plant tissues. eightc-glycosylflavones which stimulated stylet probing were isolated from rice plants. four of them were identifie ...	1985	24310066
allelopathic polyacetylenes fromcentaurea repens (russian knapweed).	the allelopathic weed russian knapweed (centaurea repens) was found to contain polyacetylenes viii-xiv in the roots. dose vs. response of the root length elongation against lettuce, alfalfa, barnyard grass, and red millet showed ix to be active. closely related isomers were not active. examination of the soil surrounding the russian knapweed roots revealed the presence of ix in sufficient concentration to have an appreciable effect on the surrounding plant community.	1986	24307103
design, synthesis, biological activities and 3d-qsar of new n,n'-diacylhydrazines containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy moieties.	a series of new n,n'-diacylhydrazine derivatives were designed and synthesized. their structures were verified by 1h-nmr, ms and elemental analysis. the herbicidal activities and plant growth regulating activity of these n,n'-diacylhydrazines were evaluated. the herbicidal activity results showed that most of these n,n'-diacyl-hydrazines showed excellent in vivo activities against echinochloa crus-galli, digitaria sanguinalis, brassica napus, amaranthus retroflerus. most of them exhibited higher ...	2013	24300121
a novel hairpin-like antimicrobial peptide from barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) seeds: structure-functional and molecular-genetics characterization.	a novel plant hairpin-like defense polypeptide named ecamp3 was isolated from latent barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) seeds. the native peptide and its recombinant analogue were characterized. ecamp3 displays antifungal and antibacterial activity in vitro. the gene family encoding ecamps precursor protein was also characterized; the genes and pseudogenes of this family show 97-100% homology. every member of ecamps precursor family contains seven identical cysteine motifs: c1xxxc2(11-13) ...	2014	24275143
plastid development in seedlings of echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola under anoxic germination conditions.	plastid development in the primary leaf of echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv. var. oryzicola (vasing.) ohwi was followed during 5 d of anoxic germination and growth. plastids develop slowly from simple spheroidal proplastids into larger pleomorphic plastids with several stromal membranes and many peripheral membrane vesicles. a small prolamellar body is present at 96 h with perforated (pro)thylakoids extending into the stroma. changes in starch grains and plastoglobuli are evidence of carbohydra ...	1982	24271619
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: selective toxicity of rye (secale cereale l.) allelochemicals to weed and crop species: ii.	three allelochemicals from rye or its breakdown products were evaluated for activity on garden cress (lepidum sativum l.), barnyardgrass [echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.], cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and snap bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa), 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa), and 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene (azob) were all applied singly at 50, 100, and 200 ppm and in two- and three-way combinations each at 50 and 100 ppm. azob at 100 and 200 ppm produce ...	1991	24258430
allelopathy ofsasa cernua.	sasa (sasa cernua makino) is a very serious weed pest. its allelopathy was studied using lettuce, wheat, timothy, and green amaranth as testing species. cultured in the rhizosphere soil ofsasa cernua, the seedlings were inhibited by 42-80% compared with the controls cultured in normal soil and vermiculite. the phenolic fraction extracted with 1 m naoh from the rhizosphere soil ofs. cernua caused significant inhibitions on the seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce, timothy, green amaran ...	1992	24254720
soil transformation of 2(3h)-benzoxazolone of rye into phytotoxic 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one.	nonsterile soil transforms the rye metabolite 2(3h)-benzoxazolone (boa) into 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one, which is an order of magnitude more toxic to barnyard grass than benzoxazolone. benzoxazolone was recovered unchanged from sterile soil. however,o-aminophenol is converted to aminophenoxazinone by both sterile and nonsterile soil in the presence of air. aminophenoxazinone is probably produced by microbial hydrolysis of benzoxazolone intoo-aminophenol, which is oxidized to aminophenoxazinone ...	1992	24254712
somatic embryogenesis inechinochloa crusgalli.	a white, compact embryogenic tissue was obtained from young inflorescence segments ofechinochloa crusgalli (barnyard grass) cultured on murashige and skoog's medium containing various concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. histological and scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that the white compact callus contained embryoids in various stages of development. typical embryoids were bipolar and possessed scutella, coleoptiles and coleor ...	1984	24253431
soil transformation of wheat and corn metabolites mboa and dim2boa into aminophenoxazinones.	the defensive cyclic hydroxamates 7-methoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa) and 7,8-dimethoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (dim2boa) of wheat and corn are transformed in nonsterile soil, via 6-methoxy-2(3h)-benzoxazolone (mboa) and 6,7-dimethoxy-2(3h)-benzoxazolone (m2boa) respectively, into 2-amino-7-methoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one and 2-amino-4,6,7-trimethoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one. the soil transformation is similar of that undergone by the rye metabolite 2(3h)-benzoxazolon ...	1993	24248702
mitochondrial enzymes in aerobically and anaerobically germinated seedlings of echinochloa and rice.	activities of tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle enzymes in seedlings of barnyard grass (echinochloa phyllopogon (stapf.) koss) and rice (oryza sativa l.) germinated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated. in e. phyllopogon, development of tca-cycle enzyme activities during 10 d of anoxia generally paralleled those in air, although at lower rates. after 5 d, e. phyllopogon seedlings germinating under n2 exhibited 50-80% of the activity of seedlings grown in air, except for 2-oxoglu ...	1991	24194241
discriminating crop, weeds and soil surface with a terrestrial lidar sensor.	in this study, the evaluation of the accuracy and performance of a light detection and ranging (lidar) sensor for vegetation using distance and reflection measurements aiming to detect and discriminate maize plants and weeds from soil surface was done. the study continues a previous work carried out in a maize field in spain with a lidar sensor using exclusively one index, the height profile. the current system uses a combination of the two mentioned indexes. the experiment was carried out in a ...	2013	24172283
identification and mrna expression profile of glutamate receptor-like gene in quinclorac-resistant and susceptible echinochloa crus-galli.	animal ionotropic glutamate receptors (iglurs) function as ca(2+) ion channels during excitatory neurotransmission in nerve cells. here, a glutamate receptor-like gene (glr) was identified and characterized from a plant - echinochloa crus-galli. the glr gene was designated ecglr1 with genbank no: jx518597. it has a 2,793 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a 101.7 kda protein. sequence alignment showed that ecglr1 is a glr homologue. its expression in response to quinclorac treatment was a ...	2013	24036427
[pseudomonas syringae - the agent of bacterial diseases of weeds].	the symptoms of bacterial diseases of the associated weeds have been identified and described in the wheat crops grown in different farming systems. on the basis of its morphological, biochemical and serological properties the agent isolated from frost-blite, barnyard grass, wild radish, couch grass, bottle-brush, bindweed and sow thistle has been identified as pseudomonas syringae. serological affinity between the weed bacteria and the agent of bacterial diseases of cereals has been established ...	2013	24006783
[research on discrimination of cabbage and weeds based on visible and near-infrared spectrum analysis].	the automatic identification of weeds forms the basis for precision spraying of crops infest. the canopy spectral reflectance within the 350-2 500 nm band of two strains of cabbages and five kinds of weeds such as barnyard grass, setaria, crabgrass, goosegrass and pigweed was acquired by asd spectrometer. according to the spectral curve characteristics, the data in different bands were compressed with different levels to improve the operation efficiency. firstly, the spectrum was denoised in acc ...	2013	23905319
de novo assembly and characterization of the barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) transcriptome using next-generation pyrosequencing.	barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) is an important weed that is a menace to rice cultivation and production. rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in this weed makes it one of the most difficult to manage using herbicides. since genome-wide sequence data for barnyardgrass is limited, we sequenced the transcriptomes of susceptible and resistant barnyardgrass biotypes using the 454 gs-flx platform.	2013	23874903
root distribution and potential interactions between allelopathic rice, sprangletop (leptochloa spp.), and barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) based on ¹³c isotope discrimination analysis.	weed-suppressive rice cultivars hold promise for improved and more economical weed management in rice. interactions between roots of rice and weeds are thought to be modulated by the weed-suppressive activity of some rice cultivars, but these phenomena are difficult to measure and not well understood. thus, above-ground productivity, weed suppression, and root distribution of 11 rice cultivars and two weed species were evaluated in a drill-seeded, flood-irrigated system at stuttgart, arkansas, u ...	2013	23397455
allelopathy is involved in the formation of pure colonies of the fern gleichenia japonica.	the fern gleichenia japonica is one of the most widely distributed fern and occurs throughout east to south asia. the species often dominates plant communities by forming large monospecific colonies. however, the potential mechanism for this domination has not yet been described. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that allelochemicals are involved in the formation of g. japonica colonies. an aqueous methanol extract of g. japonica inhibited the growth of seedlings of garden c ...	2013	23286996
physiological and molecular basis of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli).	barnyardgrass biotypes from arkansas (ar1 and ar2) and mississippi (ms1) have evolved cross-resistance to imazamox, imazethapyr, and penoxsulam. additionally, ar1 and ms1 have evolved cross-resistance to bispyribac-sodium. studies were conducted to determine if resistance to acetolactate synthase (als)-inhibiting herbicides in these biotypes is target-site or non-target-site based. sequencing and analysis of a 1701 base pair als coding sequence revealed ala₁₂₂ to val and ala₁₂₂ to thr substituti ...	2013	23237199
phytotoxic effect, uptake, and transformation of biochanin a in selected weed species.	certain isoflavones are plant growth inhibitors, and biochanin a is a major isoflavone in clover species used for weed management. the effect of biochanin a on the monocot weed species echinochloa crus-galli l. and lolium perenne l. and dicot species silene noctiflora l., geranium molle l., and amaranthus caudatus l. was evaluated in agar medium bioassays. s. noctiflora and g. molle root growth was progressively inhibited with increasing concentrations of biochanin a, whereas the monocot species ...	2012	23030687
adaptation to flooding during emergence and seedling growth in rice and weeds, and implications for crop establishment.	direct seeding of rice is being adopted in rainfed and irrigated lowland ecosystems because it reduces labour costs in addition to other benefits. however, early flooding due to uneven fields or rainfall slows down seed germination and hinders crop establishment. conversely, early flooding helps suppress weeds and reduces the costs of manual weeding and/or dependence on herbicides; however, numerous weed species are adapted to lowlands and present challenges for the use of flooding to control we ...	2012	22957137
defense peptides from barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) seeds.	a number of defense polypeptides from latent seeds of weed cereal barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) has been isolated and characterized using an acidic extraction and high performance liquid chromatography methods in combination with maldi-tof mass spectrometry and edman sequencing. members of three antimicrobial peptide families and two protease inhibitor families were found to be localized in barnyard grass seeds. their biological activity concerning to gram-positive and gram-negative ...	2012	22940285
barnyard grass stress up regulates the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in allelopathic rice.	allelopathic rice cultivar pi312777 (pi) and non-allelopathic rice cultivar lemont (le) were mixed with barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli l., byg) at various ratios (rice:weed ratios of 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1) in hydroponic cultures. the expression of four genes, i.e. phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (c4h), ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase (f5h), and caffeic acid o-methyltransferases (comt), which are involved in the biosynthesis of the phenolic compounds in rice, were evalua ...	2012	22939271
[occurrence and ecological consequences of transgenic rice gene flow: a review].	china is one of the origin centers of rice (oryza sativa), with a distribution of abundant wild rice germplasm resources. since the biosafety certificates were issued to bt transgenic rice containing cry1ac gene against lepidopteran pests, concerns are raised on the gene flow from transgenic rice to its wild relatives. this paper reviewed the occurrence of transgenic rice gene flow and its potential ecological consequences. most studies suggested that transgenic rice could successfully hybridize ...	2012	22937665
β-pinene inhibited germination and early growth involves membrane peroxidation.	β-pinene, an oxygenated monoterpene, is abundantly found in the environment and widely occurring in plants as a constituent of essential oils. we investigated the phytotoxicity of β-pinene against two grassy (phalaris minor, echinochloa crus-galli) and one broad-leaved (cassia occidentalis) weeds in terms of germination and root and shoot growth. β-pinene (0.02-0.80 mg/ml) inhibited the germination, root length, and shoot length of test weeds in a dose-response manner. the inhibitory effect of β ...	2013	22936022
sensitivity of echinochloa muricata and echinochloa crus-galli to hppd- and als-inhibiting herbicides in corn.	until recently echinochloa muricata var. microstachya wiegand (rough barnyardgrass), an alien species native to north america, was completely overlooked in belgium due to its close morphological resemblance to echinochloa crus-galli (l.) p. beauv. (barnyardgrass). e. muricata var. microstachya has gradually spread and is now locally naturalized and abundant in and along maize fields. one of the possible reasons for its expansion in maize fields, besides e.g. the lack of crop rotation, might be a ...	2011	22696959
identification and mechanism of echinochloa crus-galli resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with respect to physiological and anatomical differences.	identification and mechanism of echinochloa crus-galli (l.) resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl via physiological and anatomical differences between susceptible and resistant were investigated. the physiological and anatomical differences that were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll content reduction, lamina thickness, and xylem vessel diameter in both susceptible and resistant biotypes of e. crus-galli. the results showed that the growth reduction fifty (gr₅₀) of resistant biotyp ...	2012	22666165
screening and identification of insertion mutants from bipolaris eleusines by mutagenesis based on restriction enzyme-mediated integration.	ophiobolin a is sesterterpenoid-type phytotoxin and may be an important candidate for development of new crop protection and pharmaceutical products. the restriction enzyme-mediated integration (remi) method was used to introduce the plasmid psh75 into the ophiobolin a-producing filamentous fungus bipolaris eleusines. a total of 323 stable transformants were obtained, all of which were capable of growing on potato-dextrose agar medium containing 200 μg ml(-1) hygromycin b. the transformation fre ...	2012	22432435
facile synthesis and herbicidal evaluation of 4h-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones and 3h-quinazolin-4-ones with 2-phenoxymethyl substituents.	series of 4h-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones and 3h-quinazolin-4-ones with phenoxy-methyl substituents were rationally designed and easily synthesized via one-pot n-acylation/ring closure reactions of anthranilic acids with 2-phenoxyacetyl chlorides to yield the 4h-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones, and subsequently substituted with amino derivatives to obtain the 3h-quinazolin-4-ones. the herbicidal evaluation was performed on the model plants barnyard grass (a monocotyledon) and rape (a dicotyledon), and most of th ...	2012	22418925
identification of two phytotoxins, blumenol a and grasshopper ketone, in the allelopathic japanese rice variety awaakamai.	aqueous methanol extracts of the traditional rice (oryza sativa) variety awaakamai, which is known to have the greatest allelopathic activity among japanese traditional rice varieties, inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), timothy (phleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis, lolium multiflorum and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibition, suggesting that the extract of awaakamai contains growth in ...	2012	22364828
the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide isolated from senecio salignus act as phytogrowth and photosynthesis inhibitors.	the n-hexane extract of s. salignus plants inhibited atp synthesis and two sesquiterpenes, the β-caryophyllene (1) and caryophyllene oxide (2) were isolated from this nonpolar fraction. compound 1 inhibited by 42% the root elongation of physalis ixocarpa seedlings at 50 µg/ml and by 53% at 150 µg/ml, whereas at 150 µg/ml this compound only inhibited root elongation of echinochloa crus-galli by 30%. on the other hand, compound 2 had no effect on either germination or root and stem growth of e. cr ...	2012	22310166
the newly isolated endophytic fungus paraconiothyrium sp. lk1 produces ascotoxin.	we have isolated five endophytic fungi from the roots of capsicum annuum, cucumis sativus and glycine max. the culture filtrates (cf) of these endophytes were screened on dwarf mutant rice (waito-c) and normal rice (dongjin-byeo). endophyte cac-1a significantly inhibited the growth of waito-c and dongjin-byeo. endophyte cac-1a was identified as paraconiothyrium sp. by sequencing the its rdna region and phylogenetic analysis. the ethyl acetate fraction of paraconiothyrium sp. suppressed the germi ...	2012	22267195
Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce the growth of agricultural weeds?	Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their beneficial effects on plants. However, there is increasing evidence that some ruderal plants, including several agricultural weeds, respond negatively to AMF colonization. Here, we investigated the effect of AMF on the growth of individual weed species and on weed-crop interactions.	2011	22164216
genetic evidence for natural product-mediated plant-plant allelopathy in rice (oryza sativa).	• there is controversy as to whether specific natural products play a role in directly mediating antagonistic plant-plant interactions - that is, allelopathy. if proved to exist, such phenomena would hold considerable promise for agronomic improvement of staple food crops such as rice (oryza sativa). • however, while substantiated by the presence of phytotoxic compounds at potentially relevant concentrations, demonstrating a direct role for specific natural products in allelopathy has been diffi ...	2012	22150231
phytotoxicity and uptake of nitroglycerin in a natural sandy loam soil.	nitroglycerin (ng) is widely used for the production of explosives and solid propellants, and is a soil contaminant of concern at some military training ranges. ng phytotoxicity data reported in the literature cannot be applied directly to development of ecotoxicological benchmarks for plant exposures in soil because they were determined in studies using hydroponic media, cell cultures, and transgenic plants. toxicities of ng in the present studies were evaluated for alfalfa (medicago sativa), b ...	2011	21975007
disulfide-stabilized helical hairpin structure and activity of a novel antifungal peptide ecamp1 from seeds of barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli).	this study presents purification, activity characterization, and (1)h nmr study of the novel antifungal peptide ecamp1 from kernels of barnyard grass echinochloa crus-galli. the peptide adopts a disulfide-stabilized α-helical hairpin structure in aqueous solution and thus represents a novel fold among naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. micromolar concentrations of ecamp1 were shown to inhibit growth of several fungal phytopathogens. confocal microscopy revealed intensive ecamp1 binding ...	2011	21561864
breeding of commercially acceptable allelopathic rice cultivars in china.	one promising area of paddy weed control is the potential for exploiting the weed-suppressing ability of rice. this study was conducted to develop commercially acceptable allelopathic rice cultivars using crosses between allelopathic rice variety pi312777 and commercial chinese cultivars (n2s, n9s, huahui354, peiai64s and tehuazhan35), and to assess their weed suppression and grain yield in paddy fields in relation to their parents.	2011	21520392
predicting methyl iodide emission, soil concentration, and pest control in a two-dimensional chamber system.	due to ever-increasing state and federal regulations, the future use of fumigants is predicted on reducing negative environmental impacts while offering sufficient pestcontrol efficacy. to foster the development of a best management practice, an integrated tool is needed to simultaneously predict fumigant movement and pest control without having to conduct elaborate and costly experiments. the objective of this study was (i) to present a two-dimensional (2-d) mathematical model to describe both ...	2011	21488499
synthesis and herbicidal activity of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters.	a series of novel 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one esters were synthesized under mild conditions by the reaction of 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one and carboxylic acids with dcc and dmap as the promoters. their structures were confirmed by ¹h-nmr, ir, esi-ms and elemental analysis. the preliminary bioassy results indicated that some of compounds exhibit good herbicidal activity against zea mays, triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana. the further greenhouse test ...	2011	21455096
barnyard grass-induced rice allelopathy and momilactone b.	here, we investigated chemical-mediated interaction between crop and weeds. allelopathic activity of rice seedlings exhibited 5.3-6.3-fold increases when rice and barnyard grass seedlings were grown together, where there may be the competitive interference between rice and barnyard grass for nutrients. barnyard grass is one of the most noxious weeds in rice cultivation. the momilactone b concentration in rice seedlings incubated with barnyard grass seedlings was 6.9-fold greater than that in ric ...	2011	21392842
discrimination of corn from monocotyledonous weeds with ultraviolet (uv) induced fluorescence.	in production agriculture, savings in herbicides can be achieved if weeds can be discriminated from crop, allowing the targeting of weed control to weed-infested areas only. previous studies demonstrated the potential of ultraviolet (uv) induced fluorescence to discriminate corn from weeds and recently, robust models have been obtained for the discrimination between monocots (including corn) and dicots. here, we developed a new approach to achieve robust discrimination of monocot weeds from corn ...	2011	21211148
allelochemical effects of volatile compounds and organic extracts from muscodor yucatanensis, a tropical endophytic fungus from bursera simaruba.	muscodor yucatanensis, an endophytic fungus, was isolated from the leaves of bursera simaruba (burseraceae) in a dry, semideciduous tropical forest in the ecological reserve el eden, quintana roo, mexico. we tested the mixture of volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by m. yucatanensis for allelochemical effects against other endophytic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi and fungoids, and plants. vocs were lethal to guignardia mangifera, colletotrichum sp., phomopsis sp., alternaria solani, rhizo ...	2010	20809145
transport and fate of methyl iodide and its pest control in soils.	for fumigants, information on transport and fate as well as pest control is needed to develop management practices with the fewest negative environmental effects while offering sufficient pest control efficacy. for this purpose, a 2-d soil chamber with a surface-mounted flux chamber was designed to determine volatilization, real-time soil gas-phase concentration, degradation, and organism survivability after methyl iodide (mei) fumigation. three types of pests were used to give a broad spectrum ...	2010	20704226
multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads.	fifteen novel derivatives of d-diboa, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions c-2 and n-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts) evaluated. this strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. an evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua ...	2010	20628996
toxicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to terrestrial plants in natural soils.	the presence of energetic materials (used as explosives and propellants) at contaminated sites is a growing international issue, particularly with respect to military base closures and demilitarization policies. improved understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of these materials is needed in order to accurately assess the potential exposure risks and impacts on the environment and its ecosystems. we studied the toxicity of the nitroaromatic energetic material 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-dnt) o ...	2010	20471667
phytoremediation and microbial community structure of soil from a metal-contaminated military shooting range: comparisons of field and pot experiments.	in this study, the heavy metal uptake ability of two plant species, barnyard grass and indian mallow, and the effects of associated micro-communities on the rhizosphere of these plants were investigated in metal-contaminated sites. in addition, the effectiveness of phytoremediation using these plants was compared under field and pot conditions. to accomplish this analysis, phytoremediation of general military shooting range soil was conducted for 8 weeks under the two conditions. the results sho ...	2010	20390882