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a survey of the etiological agents of scalp and nail dermatophytosis in yazd, iran in 2014-2015.tinea capitis and tinea unguium are regarded as global public health concerns. the purpose of the present study was to identify the etiological agents of tinea capitis and tinea unguium in patients, referring to the central laboratory of yazd university of medical sciences, yazd, iran.201528680997
common dermatophytes and in vitro anti-fungal susceptibility testing in patients attending the dermatological clinic at the hospital for tropical medicine, bangkok.dermatophytes comprising the genera trichophyton, microsporum, and epidermophyton are important causes of superficial mycoses. the number of infected patients and the distribution of species of these organisms in our hospital were unknown. we therefore aimed to investigate the clinical pattern of dermatophyte infections and to identify the species of these dermatophytes at the dermatological clinic of the hospital for tropical medicine, faculty of tropical medicine, mahidol university, bangkok i ...201728513812
trichophyton verrucosum infection in livestock in the chitral district of pakistan.trichophyton verrucosum belongs to the dermatophyte fungi, closely related organisms that cause skin infections in animals and humans. t. verrucosum infection has been reported in livestock and people in different countries from all continents. human cases have been reported in different areas of pakistan, but there is little information about the animal source of the fungus.201728459224
fungi isolated from house flies (diptera: muscidae) on penned cattle in south texas.musca domestica l. were collected from cattle diagnosed with bovine ringworm to evaluate the potential of the house fly to disseminate trichophyton verrucosum e. bodin, a fungal dermatophyte that is the causative agent for ringworm in cattle. fungal isolates were cultured from 45 individual flies on supplemented sabouraud dextrose agar, and isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic approaches. each isolate was identified further by pcr amplification of the ribosomal dna locus ...201728399217
[mycological profile of onychomycosis in yaoundé, cameroon].the lack of data concerning the mycological spectrum of onychomycosis in cameroon prompted us to conduct the present study, which aimed to determine the mycological profile of onychomycosis diagnosed during dermatologic consultations in yaoundé, cameroon.201728347600
evaluation of growth conditions and dna extraction techniques used in the molecular analysis of dermatophytes.recent molecular methods for diagnosis of superficial mycoses have determined the need for a rapid and easy method of extracting dna. the aim of study was to determine growth conditions and techniques of dna extraction for microsporum canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes and t. verrucosum.201728236353
epidemiology of trichophyton verrucosum infection in rennes university hospital, france: a 12-year retrospective study.trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte, known as a causative agent of inflammatory mycoses of the skin and the scalp in humans. in this study, we reviewed all cases of t. verrucosum infection diagnosed in our laboratory over a 12-year period, to determine epidemiological and clinical characteristics. among 18,340 samples analyzed, 5,186 cultured positive with dermatophytes (2674 patients), of which 64 samples (41 patients) were positive for t. verrucosum our data show that there was ...201728115409
epidemiology of dermatophytoses in crete, greece.dermatophytoses are among the most frequently diagnosed skin infections worldwide. however, the distribution of pathogenic species and the predominating anatomical sites of infection vary with geographical location and change over time. the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and aetiological factors of dermatophytoses in crete, greece over the last 5-year period (2011-2015) and their incidence in relation to the gender and the age of the patients. we compared our findings wit ...201627904054
the changing face of dermatophytic infections worldwide.dermatophytes evolve along with the geography and socioeconomic conditions. epidermophyton floccosum, microsporum audouinii and trichophyton schoenleinii acted as the major pathogens of superficial fungal diseases 100 years ago, but their frequency decreased dramatically since the middle of the twentieth century and they are limited to some less-developed countries nowadays; meanwhile, frequency of trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton interdigitale, trichophyton tonsurans and microsporum canis incr ...201727783316
mycological profile of tinea capitis in schoolchildren in rural southern ethiopia.tinea capitis is a known common infection among schoolchildren in developing countries that is still underreported in ethiopia. the aim of this study was to examine the epidemiologic and etiologic profile of tinea capitis among school-aged children in a rural area in southern ethiopia. we collected demographic and clinicodermatological data from school children aged 3-12 years with tinea infections. pathologic specimens were taken for potassium hydroxide (koh) mount and mycological culture. derm ...201627555558
diagnostic performance of molecular and conventional methods for identification of dermatophyte species from clinically infected arabian horses in egypt.rapid and accurate identification of dermatophytes is crucial for the effective control of disease outbreaks. current methods based on culture and microscopic characteristics may require weeks before positive identification is made.201627549079
prevalence of tinea capitis among school children in nok community of kaduna state, nigeria.in recent years, the prevalence of tinea capitis, an infection of the scalp by dermatophytes, has increased in children worldwide. this cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factor of tinea capitis among school children in nok community of kaduna state, nigeria. a total of 100 children were screened and 45% were diagnosed to have tinea capitis after fungal culture and microscopy. the prevalence of tinea capitis among girls was higher (51.4%) than that among b ...201627471603
dermatophytosis in donkeys (equus asinus) due to microsporum racemosum, an unusual geophilic agent.reports about ringworm in donkeys are scanty and refer to zoonotic agents such as trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton verrucosum. seventeen asino amiatina donkeys semi-extensively farmed in paddocks showed alopecic nummular, scaling areas mainly on head and neck. microsporum racemosum cultivated from the lesions was identified by morphology and pcr. affected animals healed spontaneously. the present record reports for the first time the occurrence of ringworm due to m. racemosum in natu ...201627453813
molecular characterization of strains of the trichophyton verrucosum complex from tunisia.trichophyton verrucosum is the most frequent etiologic agent of cattle dermatophytosis. throughout the world, it was the second most common agent of zoophilic dermatophytes in human. the aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the pcr- rflp and pcr-sequencing methods for the identification and differentiation of t. verrucosum strains.thirty-six clinical strains identified by morphological characteristics as t. verrucosum were isolated from patients referred to parasitology-mycology labo ...201627364650
an epidemiological study of animals dermatomycoses in iran.to determine the fungal species isolated from skin lesions of different animals suspected of having dermatomycoses and their prevalence in different regions of iran.201627180290
antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of clinically isolated dermatophytes in tehran, iran.dermatophytes possess a wide array of virulence factors and various antifungal susceptibility patterns which influence their pathogenesis in humans and animals. the aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal susceptibility and keratinase and proteinase activity of 49 dermatophyte strains from the genera microsporum, trichophyton and epidermophyton which were isolated from human cases of dermatophytosis.201627092223
suitability of hair type for dermatophytes perforation and differential diagnosis of t. mentagrophytes from t. verrucosum.most of the dermatophyte species have the ability to perforate hair structure and consume its contents of keratin through secretion of keratinase enzyme. two clinical isolated species of dermatophytes were diagnosed as trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum and trichophyton verrucosum. to determine the perforation ability, the isolated fungi were incubated with the hair of four different animals (rabbit, rat, cow and cat) and human hairs with three different colours (black, albino and bleac ...201626776657
species identification of dermatophytes in paraffin-embedded biopsies with a new polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region and comparison with histopathological features.dermatophytosis is a very common skin infection with a broad clinical spectrum. biopsies are often used to confirm the diagnosis, especially when the clinical presentation is unusual. not uncommonly, organisms are hard to find even with periodic acid-schiff stains. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for dermatophytes can be used in such cases.201626556042
superficial fungal infections in a french teaching hospital in grenoble area: retrospective study on 5470 samples from 2001 to 2011.superficial fungal infections are predominantly caused by dermatophytes, but the spectrum of species involved is depending on geographic areas and lifestyle. only few studies have recently described the french epidemiology of these infections, especially dermatophytosis.201626452757
detection of common dermatophytes in clinical specimens using a simple quantitative real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction assay.dermatophytes are common fungal pathogens causing mostly superficial infections in humans with a high prevalence worldwide. traditional detection techniques are time-consuming and insensitive, whereas molecular detection methods have proved to be much more rapid and sensitive.201626406273
periodic acid-schiff staining demonstrates fungi in chronic anterior blepharitis.to evaluate the presence of fungi in patients with chronic anterior blepharitis with periodic acid-schiff (pas) staining of the eyelashes in addition to the conventional methods of fungal cultures and direct microscopy.201526293142
dermatophyte and non dermatophyte fungi in riyadh city, saudi arabia.dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (microsporum, epidermophyton and trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans. conventional methods for identification of these fungi are rapid and simple but are not accurate comparing to molecular methods.201526288566
a 10-year study of dermatophytoses in isfahan, iran.dermatophyte infections are very common worldwide and their epidemiological characteristics vary according to the geographical region and have altered in the last decades. the aim of the present investigation was to determine the diversity of causative agents of dermatophytoses and describe the epidemiological condition of infection in isfahan, iran, between 2003 and 2012. specimens were collected from hair, nail, and skin and were examined by conventional methods such as direct microscopy, cult ...201625902908
clinico-mycological study of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis in new delhi, india.there is a constant need to define the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of onychomycosis (om) for optimal management strategies.201725814703
an uncommon dermatophyte infection: two cases of cutaneous infection with trichophyton verrucosum.zoophilic dermatophytes can cause highly inflammatory cutaneous infections. cattle represent the largest reservoir for the zoophilic dermatophyte trichophyton verrucosum. effective vaccination programmes have contributed to a low rate of livestock infection in central and northern europe, and t. verrucosum infection is relatively more common in southern europe and in arabic countries. transmission to humans typically results from direct contact with infected livestock. it may also be transmitted ...201525511845
the anti-dermatophyte activity of allium hirtifolium boiss aqueous extract.in an attempt at demonstrating the efficacy of allium hirtifolium aqueous extract in control of skin fungal infections as traditional use, we evaluated the anti-dermatophyte activities of a. hirtifolium aqueous extract from bulbs and of ketoconazole against trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, microsporum canis, m. gypseum, trichophyton schoenleinii and trichophyton verrucosum var. album by food poisoning technique, disc diffusion and micro broth dilution assays. the anti-fungal act ...201525456419
prevalence and risk factors of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in school children in turkey.to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in school children in turkey.201425272535
[dermatophytes transmitted by pets and cattle].most inflammatory skin and hair dermatophytoses are caused by one of four zoophilic dermatophyte species: microsporum canis (from cats and dogs), trichophyton verrucosum (from cattle), arthroderma benhamiae (from guinea-pigs) and arthrodermna vanbreuseghemii (generally from cats and dogs). in cases of highly inflammatory tinea corporis, tinea faciae and tinea capitis in humans, it is important to identify with certainty the precise etiologic agent and to examine pets as the possible source of in ...201424772808
two cases of tinea ciliaris with blepharitis due to microsporum audouinii and trichophyton verrucosum and review of the literature.dermatophytes are rarely taken into account among the causes of blepharitis. in our report, we describe a 69-year-old man and a 40-year-old woman with chronic blepharitis for 10 years and 4 years respectively, in whom we examined the scales and pulled eyelashes on direct microscopy and isolated microsporum audouinii and trichophyton verrrucosum in the culture. we emphasise that dermatophytes may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic blepharitis. in chronic, treatment resistance blephari ...201424724801
[dermatophyte colonization on guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) kept in pet stores. first report from santiago, chile].dermatophytes are pathogenic fungi that can be present in the flora of mammals, such as dogs, cats and rodents, which can be a source and transmission vehicle to other hosts, including humans. in chile, there is a steady increase of acquiring guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) as pets, with no local studies on their colonization by dermatophytes.201524657546
trichophyton verrucosum infection in cattle farms of umbria (central italy) and transmission to humans.trichophyton verrucosum is the most common ringworm agent in cattle. epidemiology of cattle dermatophytoses in central italy is not clear. its diffusion among cattle and herdsmen was investigated in 20 umbrian farms, central italy. hairs and scales were taken from 395 animals and 31 workers. typical ringworm was present in 71.7% of cattle under 6 months and in 11% of animals over 6 months. t. verrucosum was isolated from 98.9% of symptomatic heads and was the most prevalent dermatophyte in all h ...201424621382
[dermatomycosis due to trichophyton verrucosum in sfax-tunisia].trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte. it can be responsible of various clinical aspects especially inflammatory lesions of skin and scalp. the aim of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of dermatophytosis due to t. verrucosum.201124451562
mating type gene (mat1-2) of trichophyton verrucosum.trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte species that is the most frequent etiologic agent of bovine dermatophytosis throughout the world. since no teleomorph of t. verrucosum has been found, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis on the genome of t. verrucosum isolated from the czech republic and japan was performed to confirm the presence of a mating type locus in the genome of the fungus and to clarify its classification and ecological characteristics. the mating type gene (mat1- ...201424414097
restriction analysis of β-tubulin gene for differentiation of the common pathogenic dermatophytes.identification of dermatophytes at the species level, relying on macro- and microscopic properties of the colonies is time-consuming, questioned in many circumstances, and requires considerable expertise. in this study, we examined the potency of a new genetic marker, β-tubulin (bt2) gene, for differentiation of dermatophytes in an in silico and experimental restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) profile.201424395510
clinical specificities of tinea capitis in georgia population.the aim of the study was to reveal peculiarities of the clinical symptoms and forms of tinea capitis caused by etiological agents that are common in our country. the study was conducted on 176 ambulatory patients who approached the national centre in 2009-2013. inclusion criterion was simultaneous presence of clinical symptoms and positive result of microscopic study. for cultural examination was used sabouraud's dextrose agar with the antibiotic chloramphenicol. clinical manifestations were div ...201324323960
simple identification of trichophyton tonsurans by chlamydospore-like structures produced in culture media.trichophyton tonsurans is known to be the causative agent of a worldwide epidemic of dermatophytoses among contact sports practitioners, and is spreading among the general population of japan. prompt and simple identification of t. tonsurans in diagnostic laboratories is crucial to control infection. the present study evaluated the availability of observation of chlamydospore-like structures grown in culture media as a characteristic for identification of t. tonsurans. twenty-five strains of t.  ...201324304336
in vitro susceptibility of dermatomycoses agents to six antifungal drugs and evaluation by fractional inhibitory concentration index of combined effects of amorolfine and itraconazole in dermatophytes.to investigate the antifungal drug susceptibility of fungi responsible for dermatomycoses, minimum inhibition concentration (mic) tests were performed in 44 strains of dermatophytes, including trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton verrucosum, trichophyton tonsurans, microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum and epidermophyton floccosum, with six antifungal drugs (amorolfine, terbinafine, butenafine, ketoconazole, itraconazole and bifonazole) by broth microdilution assay acc ...201424215461
in vitro activities of antifungal drugs against dermatophytes isolated in tokat, turkey.in this study, we aimed to establish the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of terbinafine, miconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, and amphotericin b against dermatophyte isolates.201324134487
dermatophytosis in zoo macropods: a questionnaire study.limited published data are available on dermatophytosis in zoo macropods, despite anecdotal reports of disease occurrence and recurrent mob outbreaks. the aim of this questionnaire study was to analyze data from australian and international zoos to evaluate estimated disease prevalence in zoos housing macropods, affected macropod species, causative organisms, predisposing factors, clinical presentations, diagnostics, treatments, and disease risk management. two questionnaires (initial detailed a ...201324063082
tinea atypica: report of nine cases.fungal infections of the skin are a common condition, usually easy to diagnose and treat. when the infection is clinically mimicking another cutaneous disorder or when the clinical presentation is modified by the use of inappropriate treatment, it is referred to as tinea atypica or tinea incognito.we report a series of nine cases of patients with tinea atypica, imitating and diagnosed initially as different skin diseases. two patients were defined as pyoderma in the facial and pubic regions (cau ...201323949566
surveillance of dermatophytosis in northeast of iran (mashhad) and review of published studies.dermatophytoses are considered to be one of the major public health problems in the world and are among the most commonly diagnosed skin diseases in iran. in spite of improved personal hygiene and living environment, dermatophytosis continues to spread and persist. to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis and their etiologic agents in mashhad (iran), five hundred and sixty patients suspected to have fungal infection were studied. subjects who participated in this study were 330 males and 2 ...201323943426
public health significance of dermatophytes in ismailia and port said provinces, egypt.[corrected] dermatophytes are common in both developed and developing countries, the species involved and the resulting clinical entities vary geographically.201323760076
development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of ringworm infection in cattle.the aim of this study was to develop an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serological diagnosis of ringworm infection in cattle. we used available recombinant forms of trichophyton rubrum dipeptidyl peptidase v (trudppv) and t. rubrum leucin aminopeptidase 2 (trulap2), which are 98% identical to trichophyton verrucosum orthologues. field serum samples from 135 cattle with ringworm infection, as confirmed by direct microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and pcr, and from 55 ...201323740921
control of bovine ringworm by vaccination in norway.bovine ringworm caused by trichophyton verrucosum is a notifiable disease in norway. new infected herds are reported to the norwegian food safety authority. to limit spread of the disease, restrictions are imposed on holdings including access to common pastures and sale of live animals. bovine ringworm has been endemic in the norwegian dairy population for decades. since 1980 a vaccine (bovilis ringvac ltf-130, merck animal health) has been available. the vaccine contains an attenuated strain of ...201423711299
[tinea capitis etiology in ibn sina hospital in rabat (morocco)].tinea capitis (tc) is a contagious infection that affects mainly children and teenagers. a retrospective study was realized at the mycology-parasitology department of the ibn sina hospital in rabat, morocco. the study includes 125 cases of tc. the mean age is 12.73 ± 11.61 year. the isolation of tc is dominated by two species trichophyton violaceum 76 (60.8%) and microsporum canis 27 (21.6%). trichophyton verrucosum was isolated only in male and all of rural origin. in adults over 18 years, the ...201223518085
severe tinea corporis due to trichophyton verrucosum mimicking discoid lupus erythematosus.this study was carried out to show possible similarities between discoid lupus erythematosus clinical signs and histopathological findings and dermatophytosis.201223177820
[dermatomycoses due to pets and farm animals : neglected infections?].dermatomycoses due to contact with pets and livestock frequently affect children and young adults. zoophilic dermatophytes are the main important causative agents. it has long been known that the often high inflammatory dermatophytoses of the skin and the scalp are caused mostly by microsporum canis. due to an absence of an obligation for reporting fungal infections of the skin to the public health office in germany, an unnoticed but significant change in responsible pathogens has occurred. toda ...201223114507
in vitro effect of antigenic extract of trichophyton verrucosum on fibroblast proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase -2 activities.trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic fungus with a worldwide distribution. our aim was to investigate the proliferative effect of antigenic compounds of t. verrucosum on dermis fibro blasts and endothelial cells.201223113199
epidemiological trends in zoophilic and geophilic fungi in iran.dermatophytes can be divided into geophilic (soil), zoophilic (animals) and anthropophilic (human) strains, depending on the source of the keratin. the predominant organisms vary within a given geographical region during different periods, which is influenced by a number of factors, such as population movements, socioeconomic circumstances and level of surveillance. thus, the incidence is very variable.201323095235
in vitro antifungal activity of micafungin and caspofungin against dermatophytes isolated from china.the aims of this study are to investigate the in vitro activities of micafungin and caspofungin that are two new echinocandin antifungal drugs against clinically isolated dermatophytes in china and to define mec (minimal effective concentration) as the reading endpoints of this study in accordance with (clinical and laboratory standards institute) clsi m38-a2 reference.201322983900
isolation of the volatile fraction from apium graveolens l. (apiaceae) by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation: chemical composition and antifungal activity.apium graveolens l. (wild celery), belonging to the family of apiaceae, is a scaposus hemicryptophyte. instead, the cultivate plant is an annual or biennial herb widely used as a spice and seasoning in food. a broad range of biological activities have been attributed to a. graveolens. these include antimicrobial activity, larvicidal activity, hepatoprotective activity, nematicidal and mosquito repellent potential and antihyperlipidaemic properties.in this study, the authors compare the compositi ...201322974401
"epizoonosis of dermatophytosis": a clinico- mycological study of dermatophytic infections in central nepal.identification of dermatophytic species in clinical settings are important not only for epidemiological but also for the treatment.201222971858
letter: tinea capitis in infants in their first 2 years of life: a 12-year study and a review of the literature.tinea capitis (tc) is a dermatophyte infection that occurs mainly in childhood; but it is uncommon in infants. the aim of this study was to review the clinical and mycological profile of tc in infants.201222863638
inflammatory tinea capitis: a 12-year study and a review of the literature.inflammatory tinea capitis (tc) is a rare form of tc. the aim of this study was to review epidemiological, clinical and mycological profile of inflammatory tc. we present a retrospective study (1999-2010), enrolled all the cases of inflammatory tc observed at a referral hospital in the northern tunisia. one hundred and twenty-one patients with inflammatory tc, 83 male patients (68.6%) and 38 female patients (31.4%) were enrolled. the mean age was about 8 years. a majority of tc (71.9%) were in p ...201322757767
etiological agents of superficial mycoses in kayseri, turkey.in this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of agents that cause superficial mycoses and clinical types of superficial mycoses in terms of age and gender in our region were aimed.201322672104
epidemiology of dermatophytoses in crete, greece between 2004 and 2010.the present work was undertaken in order to study the epidemiology of dermatophytoses in the island of crete, greece, over a 7-year period (2004-2010) and to compare the results with those reported earlier from this region and from other parts of the world.201222648332
dermatophytes isolated from the mosques in tokat, turkey.dermatophytes are a group of fungi that invade keratinized tissues such as the skin, hair and nails. the aim of this study was to investigate the existence of the potential causative agents of dermatophytosis in the mosque area in tokat, turkey. thirty mosques were included in the study. a total of two hundred samples were collected from various parts of carpets and slippers in the mosques. positive cultures were obtained in 144 samples (113 from carpets, 31 from slippers). among the species iso ...201222576940
dermatophyte infections mimicking other skin diseases: a 154-person case survey of tinea atypica in the district of cagliari (italy).although usually simple, the diagnosis of dermatophyte infection is sometimes neglected. an observational study has been realized to evaluate the role of corticosteroid exposure (tinea incognito) and of other primary characteristics of the dermatophytosis that from onset mimic other diseases and mislead an unexperienced physician.201222435428
[tinea capitis profunda due to trichophyton verrucosum with cmrsa superinfection in an infant].a 28-month-old boy developed a cutaneous and subcutaneous lesion of the scalp together with alopecia. treatment with sulfadiazine silver ointment and oral administration of cefaclor failed. the boy lived on a farm where cows and calves were present. he presented with a 5 cm erythematous, erosive, edematous, and sharply defined lesion with yellow crusts and circumscribed alopecia on the temporoparietal scalp. peripheral hairs were easily epilated. swabs from the wound revealed cmrsa (community ac ...201222406762
use of 18s ribosomal dna polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to study composition of fungal community in 2 patients with intestinal transplants.fungi form a diverse microbial community in the human intestine. little is known about the succession of species after intestinal transplantation. we investigated the alterations of the gut fungal population in 2 patients with intestinal allografts. the ileal effluent and feces were fingerprinted using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, with confirmation by dna sequencing. analysis of 18s ribosomal dna indicated that the phylogenetic diversity of the fungal communities was higher soon afte ...201222305239
Tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton verrucosum in a 20-month-old female: Case report and summary of reported cases in Japan. 201121973201
primary care and specialty care delays in diagnosing trichophyton verrucosum infection related to cattle exposure.the objective of this study was to identify exposure risks, body site of presentation, length of time from symptom onset to definitive diagnosis, initial and eventual treatment courses, and the number of medical visits between initial assessment and definitive diagnosis for patients with culture-proven trichophyton verrucosum (t. verrucosum) skin infection, and to report the specialties of physicians making the initial assessment and the eventual correct diagnosis. chart data were abstracted fro ...201121958398
trichophyton bullosum: a new zoonotic dermatophyte species.we report the first human case of dermatophytosis caused by trichophyton bullosum in a 21-year-old male who had a skin lesion located on his forearm. the dermatophyte was isolated in culture and further identified by sequence analysis of internal transcripted spacer regions. the species t. bullosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte rarely isolated from the coat of horses in africa and asia. in the present case, it was probably transmitted by contact with an infected donkey in a rural area in france. a ...201121905949
[Evaluation of antifungal effects of a traditional medicine containing 17 components on Trichophyton verrucosum and Malassezia pachydermatis by microdilution].The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of a traditional medicine containing 17 components against 9 strains of Trichophyton verrucosum and 13 strains of Malassezia pachydermatis was determined using a method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI). We also measured the MIC of each of the 17 components using the same method, and identified the main antifungal components.In order to evaluate MIC as a parameter of the antifungal effects using the microdilution method, ...201121891983
antifungal activities of astragalus verus olivier. against trichophyton verrucosum on in vitro and in vivo guinea pig model of dermatophytosis.astragalus verus olivier, fabaceae has been used against ringworm in kurdish ethnomedicine throughout millennia. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a. verus extracts against trichophyton verrucosum on in vitro and in vivo guinea pig model of dermatophytosis. the skin of albino guinea pigs was infected with t. verrucosum (1.0ôçâ+ùôçâ10(7) conidia) and animals were divided into five groups (nôçâ=ôçâ5 for each): negative control (nc), received a vehicle; positive control (pc ...201121838718
case report: trichophyton verrucosum infection after needlestick injury with an attenuated live vaccine against cattle ringworm. 201121615536
some epidemiological aspects of dermatophyte infections in southwest iran.distribution and prevalence of various species of dermatophytes are not the same in different areas of the world. the aim of the present study was epidemiologic evaluation of dermatophytic infections in our area. a retrospective epidemiologic study was carried out and all patients with dermatophyte positive smears identified at the referral center of southwest iran located in the city of ahvaz between march 2005 and march 2007 were investigated. body was divided into nine areas and information o ...201121489360
clinico-epidemiological and mycological aspects of tinea incognito in iran: a 16-year study.tinea incognito is a dermatophytic infection in which topical or systemic steroids have modified the clinical appearance of the mycosis and mimicking other skin diseases.201121441710
comparative and functional genomics provide insights into the pathogenicity of dermatophytic fungi.abstract: background: millions of humans and animals suffer from superficial infections caused by a group of highly specialized filamentous fungi, the dermatophytes, which exclusively infect keratinized host structures. to provide broad insights into the molecular basis of the pathogenicity-associated traits, we report the first genome sequences of two closely phylogenetically related dermatophytes, arthroderma benhamiae and trichophyton verrucosum, both of which induce highly inflammatory infec ...201121247460
[pustules from the cow barn].a 54-year-old cattle farmer presented with crusty purulent plaques in the neck area. the clinical picture and microscopical proof of hyphae in the skin smear combined with wood's lamp testing led to the diagnosis of tinea barbae, a mycological infection of the skin transmitted by cattle (typically trichophyton verrucosum). therapy with itraconazole 200 mg q.d. p.o. and miconazole ointment 1×/day over 2 weeks was successful. this case report and its image are designed to bring attention to this r ...201020725705
dermatophytes in republic of macedonia.(full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). a total of 1742 clinically suspected samples was examined for the incidence and distribution of dermatophytes in the republic of macedonia from june 2007 to jan. 2009. 600 dermatophytes were isolated and identified. in the studied period 9 different dermatophyte species were isolated, namely trichophyton rubrum (48.83%), microsporum canis (20%), trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (16.83%), epidermophyton floccosum (4.17%), t ...201020693949
evaluation of the association of superficial dermatophytosis and athletic activities with special reference to its prevention and control.this study was conducted to evaluate the association of superficial mycosis and athletic activities with special references to its prevention and control in tehran. participating in various kinds of sports can lead to direct and indirect exposures to and transmission of micro-organisms between athletes and also passive observers.201020636349
development and evaluation of an antibody elisa for sarcoptic mange in sheep and a comparison with the skin-scraping method.in this work an indirect elisa for detecting serum-specific igg antibodies in sheep was developed using a crude saline extract from sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis mites and then the repeatability of the elisa outcomes was estimated. subsequently, its diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (roc) analysis using a sample collected from the entire sheep population of western castile and leon region in spain, and then compared with that of the skin-scraping method. the r ...201020594604
tinea capitis in adults in tunisia.objective: to determine the pattern of infectious agents causing tinea capitis (tc) in adult patients in the center of tunisia. methods: from january 1990 to december 2005, we have retrospectively collected all cases of adult tc, confirmed by the mycological examination. results: sixty patients (18 male, 42 female) with a mean age of 34.5 years were diagnosed as having adult tc among a total number of 1137 cases of tc (5.27%). clinical features were polymorphic and diagnosis was made on mycologi ...201020534084
unusual presentation of trichophyton verrucosum causing hydronephrosis and joint contractures. 201020465626
prevalence of tinea capitis and the causative agent among school children in gondar, north west ethiopia.tinea capitis is a worldwide public health problem that poses specific therapeutic challenge. this dermatophytosis of the scalp is characteristically a fungal infection affecting children between 5 and 15 years of age. a decision on treatment of tinea capitis requires identification of the specific causative fungal agent or at least establishment of the prevalence of a given dermatophyte in a given community.200920067140
dermatophytes as a cause of epizoonoses in dairy cattle and humans in iran: epidemiological and clinical aspects.summary zoophilic dermatophytosis is a major public and veterinary health problem globally widespread among cattle. to identify the causative agent and geographical distribution of dermatophytes involved in cattle ringworm and to establish if they would be related to human diseases in iran, a study was carried out on 6789 heads of cows and 130 herdsmen during 2006-2007. samples were taken from 380 cattle and 43 herdsmen with suspected dermatophytosis. the causative agents were identified macrosc ...200920041996
the spectrum of fungal infections with a special reference to dermatophytoses in the capital area of kuwait during 2000-2005: a retrospective analysis.fungal infections constitute a major health problem all over the world. signs and symptoms induced by various dermatophytic infections are difficult to distinguish clinically from each other. so, characterization by in vitro culture is required for appropriate diagnosis and treatment as well as to study the epidemiological characteristics in a region.201019921463
trace minerals status and antioxidant enzymes activities in calves with dermatophytosis.the aim of this study was to determine the levels of trace minerals zn, cu, and se, the effect of dermatophytosis on the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, the status of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and the relationship between the mentioned trace minerals and antioxidant defense system in calves with dermatophytosis. a total of 21 holstein calves with clinically established diagnosis of dermatophytosis and an equal number ...201019777167
onychomycosis infections in the middle black sea region, turkey.onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail, is caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds. the causative pathogen and incidence of onychomycosis depend on age, gender, geographic and climatic conditions, living habits, and immune status of the host.200919702980
distribution of dermatophytes and other related fungi in jaipur city, with particular reference to soil ph.screening of 217 soil samples of different habitats, such as pg study centre, garden, farmhouse, nursery, roadside, hostel, animal habitat, bird habitat, marriage garden, temple, vegetable market and house dust, was carried out for the presence of dermatophytes and related fungi in relation to soil ph. a total of 461 isolates belonging to 26 genera and 34 species were recorded. soil ph values vary from 3 to 10.5. trichophyton verrucosum, microsporum audouinii and m. canis were isolated for the f ...201119638000
evaluation of a single-tube real-time pcr for detection and identification of 11 dermatophyte species in clinical material.we developed a dermatophyte-specific single-tube real-time pcr assay based on internal transcribed sequences. this assay allows the rapid detection and identification of 11 clinically relevant species within the three dermatophyte genera trichophyton, microsporum and epidermophyton in nail, skin and hair samples within a few hours. analysis of 145 clinical samples (107 nail, 36 skin scale, and two hair) by both real-time pcr and a pcr-reverse line blot (pcr-rlb) assay described earlier revealed ...201019624518
sycosiform tinea barbae caused by trichophyton rubrum.tinea barbae is an uncommon superficial dermatophyte infection of the beard and moustache areas. it was more frequently observed in the past, before single-use razors became available. in most cases, the zoophilic ectothrix trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton verrucosum are responsible for this type of infection. its clinical presentation is variable; it can mimic many other skin disorders such as sycosis, iododerma, contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and actinomycosis. we report ...200819094848
superficial white onychomycosis caused by trichophyton verrucosum. 200818986451
high infection rate of trichophyton verrucosum in calves from central italy.recent epidemiological features of the zoonotic dermatophyte trichophyton verrucosum were investigated in 294 calves from 20 farms located in central italy. by the combination of microscopic examinations and fungal cultures, the total prevalence rate of t. verrucosum infection was found to be high, with 87.7% of samples yielding positive results and 100% of farms being infected. farm to farm prevalence of infection varied from 25% to 100% of the examined calves. prevalence rates were higher in f ...200918705659
updates on the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections.the spectrum of dermatophytes isolated from skin lesions had changed in last 70 years. before the second world war in germany, microsporum audouinii and epidermophyton floccosum ranked the first, whereas trichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophyte since the fifties of last century, accounting for 80-90% of the strains, followed by t. mentagrophytes. this evolution is typical for central and north europe and it needs to be connected with the increase in the incidence of tinea pedis. in co ...200818478365
dermatophytoses in animals.dermatophytoses are one of the most frequent skin diseases of pets and livestock. contagiousness among animal communities, high cost of treatment, difficulty of control measures, and the public health consequences of animal ringworm explain their great importance. a wide variety of dermatophytes have been isolated from animals, but a few zoophilic species are responsible for the majority of the cases, viz. microsporum canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton equinum and trichophyton verr ...200818478363
clinical assessment of postinfection, postcontact and postvaccination immunity manifestation after experimental inoculation of calves with trichophyton verrucosum culture.immunity against ringworm has been well examined, but the knowledge of its development after repeated infection is limited. therefore, the immunity developed after a single or double contact with various doses of trichophyton verrucosum strain was investigated in calves which had or had not shown any signs of ringworm after contact with dermatophyte. in total six individual experiments were performed on 117 calves. experimental infection with the virulent t. verrucosum strain was used to investi ...200818399904
the man who got too close to his cows.trichophyton verrucosum is one of the more common chronic zoophilic dermatophytes. its presentation is diverse, including aggressive inflammatory skin lesions, and it can be accompanied by constitutional symptoms, such as fever and lymphadenopathy. as such, it may be misdiagnosed as bacterial cellulitis and undergo multiple antibiotic courses unsuccessfully, without consideration of a fungal skin infection. we present a cattle farmer presenting with an extensive erythematous plaque that failed t ...200818248932
a correlation of in vitro tests for the immune response detection: a bovine trichophytosis model.the aim of our study was to extend knowledge about possibilities of replacing challenge tests by in vitro methods in cattle on the model of trichophytosis. we correlated results of three in vitro tests for the detection of immune response, i.e. a specific antigen-driven lymphocyte transformation test measured by (3)h-thymidine incorporation, specific antigen-induced production of interferon-gamma and detection of igg1 and igg2 isotypes of specific antibodies, in calves vaccinated against the dis ...200717950503
dermatomycosis (ringworm) in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus).six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) with dermatomycosis are described. trichophyton verrucosum was isolated from four. all infections were mild and were not debilitating. the lesions involved the legs in five animals and the face in two. this is the second report of ringworm in a wild ungulate in north america.198317422319
analysis of the dermatophyte species isolated in the british isles between 1980 and 2005 and review of worldwide dermatophyte trends over the last three decades.infections of the skin, hair and nails by dermatophyte fungi are common in developed and developing countries alike. however, the species involved and the resulting clinical entities vary both geographically and with time. we have surveyed 15,333 dermatophytes obtained from primary isolations at the mycology reference laboratory, bristol, uk from 1980 through 2005. several striking trends in dermatophyte prevalence were apparent over this period. the relative frequencies of isolations of microsp ...200717365649
[dermatophytoses transmitted from animals].dermatophytoses are infectious skin diseases caused by some sorts of fungi - dermatophytes. based on their source dermatophytes are classified to geophilic, zoophilic and antrophophilic groups. animals are primary afflicted by zoophilic fungi, manifestations on their skin are highly infectious and fungi can be transmitted to humans. some members of zoophilic dermatophytes are: microsporum canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes and trichophyton verrucosum. most common clinical fin ...200617323620
five-hour diagnosis of dermatophyte nail infections with specific detection of trichophyton rubrum.a rapid two-step dna extraction method and a multiplex pcr for the detection of dermatophytes in general and trichophyton rubrum specifically were developed and evaluated with dna extracted from pure cultures and from clinically diseased nails. dna from the following dermatophytes was used: epidermophyton floccosum, microsporum audouinii, microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum, microsporum nanum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton schoenleinii, trichophyton soudanense ...200717267633
perniosis-like tinea corporis caused by trichophyton verrucosum in cold-exposed individuals.trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic infectious agent causing 98% of the dermatophytic infections of cattle. transmission to humans has, until recently, been rare. one reason for an increase of infection in humans and animals seems to be the decrease in immunisation of cattle. we report on three cases of pertinent human infections with disseminated, sharply defined, bluish red, partly oedematous nodules and plaques in particular not only on the thighs, but also on the trunk and arms. two of ou ...200617022764
outbreak of trichophyton verrucosum in china transmitted from cows to humans.twenty percent of 1000 dairy cows were infected with trichophyton verrucosum in a newly established dairy farm in western china. the disease was transmitted to 30 of 100 animal workers. the source of the outbreak is unknown but it is suspected that naïve cattle which were transported from holland to china became infected after they arrived in xinjiang province (west china) where the fungus is endemic in nature, prepuberty school children and various livestock.200616552485
clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytosis in a reference centre for leprosy and dermatological diseases in addis ababa.to assess the clinical and fungal species spectrum of dermatophyte infection in a reference centre in addis ababa, 539 dermatological patients with signs of dermatophytosis were investigated. seventy-one percent were female and 29% male, aged 2-66 years (median 9). four hundred-fifteen (77%) had at least one skin lesion. tinea capitis was diagnosed in 138/155 males (89%) as compared to 214/384 females (40%) (p < 0.05). t. capitis was diagnosed in 69% of the 374 children. fingernails were affecte ...200616482389
dermatophytoses in monterrey, méxico.in the present report we reviewed a total of 2397 cases of dermatophytosis from superficial cutaneous lesions between the years 1978 and 1990. the cases included were from the department of dermatology at the university hospital located in the city of monterrey, méxico. a total of 726 tinea pedis, 613 tinea unguium, 441 tinea capitis, 395 tinea corporis and 222 tinea cruris cases were observed. the most commonly isolated dermatophyte species was trichophyton rubrum (45%), followed by trichophyto ...200616466445
[scarring tinea profunda in the pubic area due to trichophyton verrucosum].a 22-year-old female veterinary student developed a severe inflammatory fungal infection of the pubic area 2 months after practical training in obstetrics at a cattle farm. fungal culture revealed a slowly growing white dermatophyte, first differentiated as trichophyton mentagrophytes. because of the unusual location, molecular species differentiation was performed identifying trichophyton verrucosum. although the patient was treated with systemic antifungals, the infection resulted in scarring ...200616402270
invasive dermatophytosis with lymph node involvement in an immunocompetent patient.a 23-year-old man presented with annular and arcuate, hyperpigmented, itchy, scaly plaques over the trunk and lower extremities for 5 years progressing to verrucous papules and nodules for the last 1.5 years. he also had nontender, inguinal and axillary lymphadenopathy. skin and lymph node biopsies showed granulomatous inflammation and special stains demonstrated long septate hyphae. tissue cultures grew trichophyton verrucosum. the patient was treated with itraconazole 100 mg twice daily for 8 ...200516045679
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