Publications

"message from a turtle": otitis with salmonella arizonae in children: case report.	salmonella enterica subsp arizonae is a common gut inhabitant of reptiles (snakes are the most common reservoir, but it also occurs in turtles). alhough human cases owing to this organism are exceedingly rare, it may occasionally infect young infants and immunocompromised individuals with a history of intimate associations with reptiles. our case is the 20th one among the infections with s arizonae in children, but the 2nd one of otitis and the first of mastoiditis. the other cases had different ...	2017	29095293
pyelonephritis in japan caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae.	salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae is a bacteria commonly found in the gut of reptiles. in humans, infections caused by this organism are rare. most cases originate from southwestern united states, where rattlesnake products are often used in traditional medicine. in asia, only a few cases have been described. this case report documents a case involving a 64-year-old woman with pyelonephritis caused by s. arizonae in japan. she had no history of contact with reptiles or foreign travel. the like ...	2017	28838777
vibrio cholerae type 6 secretion system effector trafficking in target bacterial cells.	the type 6 secretion system (t6ss) is used by many gram-negative bacterial species to deliver toxic effector proteins into nearby bacteria prey cells to kill or inhibit their growth. vgrg proteins are core conserved secretion substrates of the t6ss and one subset of t6ss effectors consists of vgrg proteins with c-terminal extension domains carrying various enzymatic activities. in vibrio cholerae, vgrg3 has a hydrolase extension domain and degrades peptidoglycan in the periplasm of target bacter ...	2017	28808000
salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae infection of adult patients in southern taiwan: a case series in a non-endemic area and literature review.	the majority of salmonella arizonae human infections have been reported in southwestern united states, where rattlesnake-based products are commonly used to treat illness; however, little is known in non-endemic areas. we reviewed and analyzed the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in adult patients with s. arizonae infection at our institution.	2016	27938338
the type iii secretion system effector seoc of salmonella enterica subsp. salamae and s. enterica subsp. arizonae adp-ribosylates src and inhibits opsonophagocytosis.	salmonella species utilize type iii secretion systems (t3sss) to translocate effectors into the cytosol of mammalian host cells, subverting cell signaling and facilitating the onset of gastroenteritis. in this study, we compared a draft genome assembly of salmonella enterica subsp. salamae strain 3588/07 against the genomes of s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 and salmonella bongori strain 12419. s. enterica subsp. salamae encodes the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (s ...	2016	27736780
fever of unknown origin in a patient initially presenting with traveller's diarrhoea.	a 17-year-old male presented with diarrhoea and malaise following his return from kenya and tunisia. he was managed as a case of traveller's diarrhoea. stool cultures were negative for pathogenic bacterial growth. two weeks later he presented with worsening lower back pain. mri of lumbosacral spine suggested l1 osteomyelitis. ct-guided spinal aspirate grew no organisms and repeat viral serology and blood cultures (including tuberculosis screening) were negative. he was treated with a 6-week cour ...	2016	27694334
biofilm formation and morphotypes of salmonella enterica subsp.arizonae differs from those of other salmonella enterica subspecies in isolates from poultry houses.	salmonella serovars are responsible for foodborne diseases around the world. the ability to form biofilms allows microorganisms to survive in the environment. in this study, 73 salmonella strains, belonging to four different subspecies, were isolated from poultry houses and foodstuffs and tested. biofilm formation was measured at four different temperatures and two nutrient concentrations. morphotypes and cellulose production were evaluated at three different temperatures. the presence of severa ...	2016	27357031
the spread of non-oie-listed avian diseases through international trade of chicken meat: an assessment of the risks to new zealand.	twelve avian diseases are listed by the world organisation for animal health (oie), although more than 100 infectious diseases have been described in commercial poultry. this article summarises a recent assessment of the biosecurity risks posed by non-listed avian diseases associated with imports of chilled or frozen chicken meat and meat products into new zealand. following the guidelines described in chapter 2.1 of the oie terrestrial animal health code, avian adenovirus splenomegaly virus, av ...	2015	27044152
salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae meningitis in a neonate exposed to a corn snake.		2015	26367812
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae str. rks2983.	salmonella arizonae (also called salmonella subgroup iiia) is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. s. arizonae strain rks2983 was isolated from a human in california, usa. s. arizonae lies somewhere between salmonella subgroups i (human pathogens) and v (also called s. bongori; usually non-pathogenic to humans) and so is an ideal model organism for studies of bacterial evolution from non-human pathogen to human pathogens. we hence sequenced t ...	2015	26203341
hemorrhagic stomatitis in a natural hybrid of vipera ammodytes × vipera berus due to inappropriate substrate in terrarium.	a natural hybrid of vipera ammodytes × vipera berus was presented having low body weight, seizures and generalized swelling of the cephalic region. based on the history of the case and clinical examination, hemorrhagic stomatitis of traumatic origin was diagnosed. the snake was kept in a terrarium with wood chips as a substrate, and the material had induced trauma in the oral mucosa which was further complicated with salmonella arizonae and morganella morganii co-infection, abscessation and oste ...	2015	25715871
thiouracil-forming bacteria identified and characterized upon porcine in vitro digestion of brassicaceae feed.	in recent years, the frequent detection of the banned thyreostat thiouracil (tu) in livestock urine has been related to endogenous tu formation following digestion of glucosinolate-rich brassicaceae crops. recently, it was demonstrated that, upon in vitro digestion of brassicaceae, fecal bacteria induce tu detection in livestock (porcine livestock > bovines). therefore, the present study was intended to isolate and identify bacteria involved in this intestinal tu formation upon brassicaceae dige ...	2014	25261511
pork meat as a potential source of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae infection in humans.	salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae was isolated from 13 of 123 slaughtered pigs in central greece. the samples cultured were feces, ileum tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and gallbladder swabs. a total of 74 isolates from 492 samples were identified as salmonella spp. by use of standard laboratory culture media and two commercial micromethods and by use of a polyvalent slide agglutination test for the detection of o and h antigens. among them were 19 (25.68%) suspected to be s. enterica subsp. a ...	2014	24335956
additional observations and notes on the natural history of the prairie rattlesnake (crotalus viridis) in colorado.	on account of their unique anatomy, physiology, natural history, ecology, and behavior, rattlesnakes make ideal subjects for a variety of different scientific disciplines. the prairie rattlesnake (crotalus viridis) in colorado was selected for investigation of its relationship to colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) with regard to spatial ecology. a total of 31 snakes were anesthetized and had radiotransmitters surgically implanted. in addition, at the time of their captu ...	2013	24331557
wegener's granulomatosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease and presenting with chronic enteritis.	wegener's granulomatosis, also known as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca)-associated vasculitis, is a small vessel vasculitis with primarily pulmonary, renal, and sinus disease manifestations. the prevalence of wegener's granulomatosis is three cases per 100,000 patients. cardiovascular, neurologic, cutaneous, and joint manifestations have been reported in many case reports and case series. gastrointestinal manifestations are less noted in wegener's granulomatosis, although they have b ...	2013	24124396
seasonal activity of millipedes (diplopoda)--their economic and medical significance.	the millipede brachydesmus superus latzel, polydesmus inconstans latzel (diplopoda: polydesmida) and kryphioiulus occultus c. l. koch (diplopoda: julida) were collected from compost in gardens in lublin, eastern poland. collections were made by using pitfall traps between april - september 2009 and 2010. brachydesmus superus, polydesmus inconstans and kryphioiulus occultus play a significant role in composting of plant residues. cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus wood and ommatoiulus sabulosus linnae ...	2012	23311782
prevalence of salmonella and yersinia in free-living pied flycatchers (ficedula hypoleuca) in central spain.	salmonella and yersinia are important enteropathogens in poultry and can affect birds of all ages, including embryos. these food-borne zoonotic enteropathogens are of great economic and medical concern worldwide and are intensely studied in poultry. information regarding the prevalence of these bacteria in wild birds is scarce and biased toward avian species ecologically linked to humans, which have often been incriminated as both reservoirs and disseminators of these enteropathogens. the preval ...	2011	22946412
oral and cloacal microflora of wild crocodiles crocodylus acutus and c. moreletii in the mexican caribbean.	bacterial cultures and chemical analyses were performed from cloacal and oral swabs taken from 43 american crocodiles crocodylus acutus and 28 morelet's crocodiles c. moreletii captured in quintana roo state, mexico. we recovered 47 bacterial species (28 genera and 14 families) from all samples with 51.1% of these belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. fourteen species (29.8%) were detected in both crocodile species and 18 (38.3%) and 15 (31.9%) species were only detected in american and mo ...	2012	22422127
technological and safety properties of lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from a tunisian traditional salted meat.	a total of 17 strains of lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from a tunisian traditional salted meat and identified by biochemical and molecular methods, were characterized according to their technological properties including acidifying, antimicrobial and enzymatic activities as well as antibiotic resistance in order to select the most suitable for use as starter cultures for the production of fermented sausages. all the strains studied showed good acidifying activity and were able to reduce the ...	2009	22063983
characterization and technological properties of staphylococcus xylosus strains isolated from a tunisian traditional salted meat.	the technological properties of strains of staphylococcus xylosus were studied to select the most suitable for use as starter cultures for the production of dried fermented meat products. strains of s. xylosus were isolated from traditional salted tunisian meat and were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. thirty strains of s. xylosus were studied to evaluate their catalase, nitrate reductase, lipolytic, proteolytic and antibacterial activities as well as growth ability at different ...	2007	22061592
osteomyelitis due to salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae: the price of exotic pets.	clin microbiol infect abstract: we describe a 31-year-old immunocompromised patient who developed sepsis and osteomyelitis due to salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae secondary to exposure to iguana and snakes kept as pets at her home, and review all 23 previously published cases of bone and joint infections due to this organism, for a total of nine children and 15 adults. eleven of the adults were female (73%), compared with three (33%) of the children (p <0.01). significant underlying illnesses ...	2011	21745257
complete (1)h and (13)c nmr chemical shift assignments of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides as basis for nmr chemical shift predictions of polysaccharides using the computer program casper.	the computer program casper uses (1)h and (13)c nmr chemical shift data of mono- to trisaccharides for the prediction of chemical shifts of oligo- and polysaccharides. in order to improve the quality of these predictions the (1)h and (13)c, as well as (31)p when applicable, nmr chemical shifts of 30 mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were assigned. the reducing sugars gave two distinct sets of nmr resonances due to the α- and β-anomeric forms. in total 35 (1)h and (13)c nmr chemical shift data sets ...	2011	21621752
enterobacteriaceae associated with eggs of podocnemis expansa and podocnemis unifilis (testudines:chelonia) in nonpolluted sites of national park of araguaia plains, brazil.	fertile eggs of podocnemis expansa and podocnemis unifilis were investigated for the presence of enterobacteria, as these two endangered species have the potential for conservation measures that include egg transfer. knowledge of normal microflora associated with turtles and turtle eggs would help effectively manage the transfer of these eggs among institutions. thirty eggs of each species were collected, aseptically transferred, cracked inside plastic bags containing tetrathionate broth, and sp ...	2010	21370647
prevalence of multiple drug resistance and screening of enterotoxin (stn) gene in salmonella enterica serovars from water sources in lagos, nigeria.	to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and carriage of enterotoxin (stn) gene among strains of salmonella isolated from water sources in lagos.	2011	21277605
structures of the o-polysaccharides of salmonella enterica o59 and escherichia coli o15.	the o-polysaccharide of salmonella enterica o59 was studied using sugar analysis and 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, and the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established: →2)-β-d-galp-(1→3)-α-d-glcpnac-(1→4)-α-l-rhap-(1→3)-β-d-glcpnac-(1→ accordingly, the o-antigen gene cluster of s. enterica o59 includes all genes necessary for the synthesis of this o-polysaccharide. earlier, another structure has been reported for the o-polysaccharide of salmonella arizonae (s. ...	2010	21167479
11-phenoxyundecyl phosphate as a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl phosphate acceptor in o-antigen repeating unit assembly of salmonella arizonae o:59.	a synthesis of 11-phenoxyundecyl phosphate and its biochemical transformation (using glcnac-p transferase from salmonella arizonae o:59 membranes catalysing transfer of glcnc-phosphate from udp-glcnac on lipid-phosphate) into p(1)-11-phenoxyundecyl, p(2)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl diphosphate are described.	2010	20974465
production of biogenic amines "in vitro" in relation to the growth phase by enterobacteriaceae species isolated from traditional sausages.	histidine, lysine, ornithine and tyrosine decarboxylase activities were tested in 79 strains of enterobacteriaceae (41 of hafnia alvei, 17 of serratia liquefaciens, 5 of enterobacter cloacae, 4 of citrobacter braakii, 2 of proteus vulgaris, 2 of proteus mirabilis, 2 of providencia stuartii, 2 of klebsiella terrigena, 1 of rahnella aquatilis, 1 of salmonella arizonae, 1 of citrobacter youngae and 1 of escherichia coli) isolated from botillo, a spanish traditional sausage. in general, the strains ...	2010	20673614
rapid identification of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae and s. enterica subsp. diarizonae by real-time polymerase chain reaction.	reptiles are popular as pets, leading to an increased risk of human infections due to uncommon salmonella strains including the arizona group (subspecies arizonae and diarizonae). we present a real-time arizona-specific polymerase chain reaction demonstrating 100% specificity and 99.6% sensitivity, offering savings in time and labor over traditional identification methods.	2009	19631101
salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae bone and joints sepsis. a case report and literature review.	osteoarticular infections caused by salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae are rarely seen in humans but young children and immunocompromised adults are at particular risk of acquiring this bacteria. reptiles and their by-products (e.g. meat preparations or medications) are particularly likely to harbor salmonella. we report on a case of septic arthritis of the hip transmitted by a reptile in a 10-month-old child. we carry out a recall of the complex nomenclature of salmonella, a review of the lite ...	2009	19395336
detection of protozoan and bacterial pathogens of public health importance in faeces of corvus spp. (large-billed crow).	parasites and bacteria are reported in the faeces of birds in the current study. fresh faecal samples of the large-billed crow (corvus spp.) were collected from the study site at bangsar, an urban setting in kuala lumpur, malaysia. these samples were transported to laboratory and analysed for parasites and bacteria. pre-prepared xld agar plates were used for culturing the bacteria in the laboratory. using the api 20etm test strips, 9 different species of bacteria were identified belonging to the ...	2008	18948884
production of monoclonal antibodies specific to major outer membrane protein of edwardsiella tarda.	edwardsiella tarda is an important cause for hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and gastro and extra-intestinal infections in humans. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against outer membrane proteins (omps) of e. tarda et-7, isolated from diseased snakehead (ophiocephalus punctatus). two stable hybridoma clones, designated as 3f10 and 2c3 mabs were found to be potentially specific for e. tarda by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). these mabs recognized major immunogenic omp ...	2010	18804863
experimental infection of chicks with arizona hinshawii.	one-day old chicks were infected with an arizona hinshawii organism either subcutaneously or orally. fifty two percent of the subcutaneously infected but none of the orally infected birds died within 10 days of infection. the incubation period ranged from 20 hours to 12 days. symptoms of pasty vent, opacity of the lens of one or both eyes, tremors of the head, opisthotonous, twisting of the neck and paresis in the legs were observed. postmortem examination of dead birds revealed septicaemia, enl ...	1979	18770439
the effect of infection with arizona hinshawii on chicken embryos.	the effect of arizona hinshawii serotypes 7a, 7b: 1, 7 and 8 on embryonic mortality and hatchability of chicken eggs was studied after infecting eggs by inoculation or dipping before or at intervals during incubation. one hundred percent and 40-79% of the inoculated and dipped eggs respectively died during the incubation period. embryonic mortality in the dipped groups was greater when egg exposure to the infection took place in the early (73-79%) than in the later stages (40-50%) of incubation. ...	1979	18770438
persistence of arizona hinshawii in or on materials used in poultry houses.	the persistence of arizona hinshawii on different materials which are used in poultry houses was studied. arizona organisms remained viable on aluminium, plastic material of drinkers, rubber material of water hose, egg shell and in tap water and litter for 5, 11, 12, 9 and 19 weeks respectively after being contaminated and they persisted up to the last time of sampling, 25 weeks after contamination, in prepared poultry feed and on wood and carton material of egg trays.	1981	18770149
a comparison of standard cultural methods for the detection of foodborne salmonella species including three new chromogenic plating media.	in this study the draft of the horizontal method for the detection of salmonella species from human food and animal feed (iso 6579:2002) was compared to the european gold standard (din en 12824:1998), including the three new chromogenic plating media aes salmonella agar plate (asap), oxoid salmonella chromogen media (oscm) and miller-mallinson agar (mm). first the growth and appearance of 36 bacterial type strains (salmonella and other 21 species) on asap, oscm and mm were compared to those on t ...	2008	18192050
common epitopes in lps of different enterobacteriaceae are associated with an immune response against escherichia coli o157 in bovine serum samples.	epidemiological studies in both humans and animals conducted in mexico have shown that the isolation frequency of escherichia coli o157 : h7 is low. in a previous study, igg antibodies against e. coli o157, o7 and o116 lps were found in serum samples from children and adults with no previous history of e. coli o157 : h7 infection. the present study was designed to determine whether a similar immune response against e. coli o157 : h7 and other antigenically related bacteria was present in bovine ...	2007	17965343
endocarditis due to salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae in a patient with sickle cell disease: a case report and review of the literature.	human cases due to salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae are especially rare, but it may affect immunocompromised patients and infants. we present a case of endocarditis in a patient with sickle cell disease and a review of earlier cases caused by this rare human pathogen. the patient was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. there are only few cases of salmonella endocarditis reported in the last six decades and it is the first case of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae endoca ...	2007	17896960
bacterial pathogens recovered from vegetables irrigated by wastewater in morocco.	the authors obtained 50 vegetable samples from various regions in morocco and examined them to determine the microbiological quality of these products. aerobic count, coliform, enterococci, and staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. this analysis revealed high levels of enterococci, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms. no coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus was detected in any of the samples analyzed. biochemical identification of enterobacteriaceae showed the presence of citrobacter freund ...	2007	17583296
alberta. salmonella arizonae in sheep.		1990	17423497
salmonella arizonae infection from snake bite.		2001	17261948
comparative genetics of the rdar morphotype in salmonella.	the salmonella rdar morphotype is a distinct, rough and dry colony morphology formed by the extracellular interaction of thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi or curli), cellulose, and other polysaccharides. cells in rdar colonies are more resistant to desiccation and exogenous stresses, which is hypothesized to aid in the passage of pathogenic salmonella spp. between hosts. here we analyzed the genetic and phenotypic conservation of the rdar morphotype throughout the entire salmonella genus. the rdar ...	2006	17012381
delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae.	goodman, r. e. (university of california, los angeles), and m. j. pickett. delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae. j. bacteriol. 92:318-327. 1966.-when 171 citrobacter freundii strains and 14 paracolobactrum arizonae strains examined, 51 of the c. freundii strains and 13 of the p. arizonae strains were found to be delayed or negative lactose fermenters. of the slow fermenters, 65% yielded rapidly fermenting mutants in cultures undergoing delayed fermentation. lactose fermentation cou ...	1966	16562113
salmonella arizonae bacteraemia in a turkish patient with aids but no history of contact with reptiles.		2006	16500793
plasmid-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance among enteric bacteria isolated from pet turtles in louisiana.	the sale of small turtles is banned by the food and drug administration from the u.s. market due to concerns about their excretion of salmonella spp. to produce a safe pet for the export market, the louisiana pet turtle industry uses gentamicin sulfate baths (1,000 microg/ml) to eradicate salmonella spp. from turtle eggs. in 1999, we analyzed bacterial samples recovered from turtle farms and found that strains of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae and other bacteria, such as enterobacter cloaca ...	2006	16391058
[a rare case of emphysematous gastritis by salmonella arizonae].	gas within the wall of the stomach (emphysematous gastritis) is a rare condition associated with systemic toxicity and very often mortal end. the etiology includes firstly infections with gas-foaming organisms, other predisposing causes are the ingestion of corrosive substances, alcohol abuse and immunosuppression. but aplastic anemia hemodialysis even guzzling excessive amounts of carbonated beverage have being reported. diagnosis is based on radiological techniques. there is no definitive trea ...	2005	16355860
loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the rapid detection of salmonella.	loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay detected salmonella within 60 min. the 220 strains of 39 serotypes of salmonella subsp. enterica and 7 strains of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae were amplified, but not 62 strains of 23 bacterial species other than salmonella. the sensitivity of the lamp assay was found to be >2.2 cfu/test tube using nine serotypes. the specificity was similar to that of a pcr assay, but the sensitivity of lamp was greater. both fluorescence and turbidity ...	2005	16242860
the snake in the grass--salmonella arizonae gastroenteritis in a reptile handler.		2005	16188871
biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate n-acetyl-l-fucosamine in a cell-free system from salmonella arizonae o:59.	the conversion of uridine diphosphate n-acetyl-d-glucosamine into uridine diphosphate n-acetyl-l-fucosamine was demonstrated with enzymes from cytoplasmic fraction of salmonella arizonae o:59 cells in the presence of nad+ (nadp+) and nadph. the reaction product was identified by ion-pair, reverse-phase hplc with the use of synthetic nucleoside diphosphate sugar standards under conditions specially developed for separation of uridine diphosphate 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxyhexoses. l-fucose dehydrogen ...	2005	15701053
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella arizonae from an integrated turkey operation.	fifty cases submitted between 2000 and 2002 were selected for retrospective analysis to evaluate possible relationships between salmonella arizonae isolated from breeder flocks, hatching eggs, and meat bird flocks belonging to a single turkey integrator. in all the meat bird cases selected for this study, arizonosis was the primary diagnosis. in birds under 1 month of age, clinical signs and pathologic changes were observed in older birds. the salmonella arizonae isolates were analyzed by antibi ...	2004	15283421
influence of biotic and abiotic factors on human pathogens in a finished compost.	the role of indigenous microflora of a finished compost, defined nk12, on the growth suppression of pathogens under different moisture and temperature storages was investigated. total count of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria was evaluated by the most probable number method and growth of seeded salmonella arizonae 3924 serogroup b and enteropathogenic escherichia coli 84 m in nk12 at different moisture temperature conditions was monitored. results on sterile and non-sterile nk12 were compare ...	2004	15087177
fatal case of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae gastroenteritis in an infant with microcephaly.	salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae is a common gut inhabitant of reptiles, with snakes as the most common reservoir. though human cases due to this organism are exceedingly rare, it may infect young infants and immunocompromised individuals with a history of intimate associations with reptiles. gastroenteritis is the most common presentation; others include peritonitis, pleuritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and bacteremia. we report a fatal case of s. enterica subsp. arizonae gastroenteritis in ...	2003	14662995
[arizonae subspecies salmonella enterica urinary infection with confusional syndrome].	infections due to subspecies arizonae salmonella enterica are rare. these infections are transmitted by reptiles. we report the case of s. arizonae urinary tract infection that occurred in an immunocompetent woman.	2003	12754450
evaluation of the vitek 2 id-gnb assay for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other nonenteric gram-negative bacilli and comparison with the vitek gni+ card.	we evaluated the vitek 2 id-gnb identification card (biomérieux, inc., durham, n.c.) for its ability to identify members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli that are isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. using 482 enteric stock cultures and 103 strains of oxidase-positive, gram-negative glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli that were maintained at -70 degrees c and passaged three times before use, we inoculated cards according to the manufacturer's d ...	2003	12734254
[gastrointestinal manifestations of aids in adults in mali].	our main objective consists in evaluating the frequency of digestive signs and digestive opportunistic infections in aids patients with diarrhea. the prospective study occurred from january 1997 to july 1998 in bamako hospitals. the patients underwent a clinical examination, blood and stools tests, and sometimes upper digestive endoscopy. among 434 cases of aids, 426 patients (98%) had at least one digestive sign. the main digestive signs were diarrhea (80.1%), abdominal pains (62.2%), vomiting ...	2002	12596372
osteomyelitis associated with salmonella enterica ss arizonae in a colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi).	the identification of three arizona ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi) with salmonella arizonae-associated osteomyelitis led to a 5-yr prospective study of radiographic signs and salmonella intestinal carriage rates in a 19-member colony of this rattlesnake species. ventrodorsal radiographs were performed and cloacal swabs were cultured for salmonella spp. annually. ten snakes survived the 5-yr period, with six of them remaining free of bony lesions. three snakes that had no bony lesions ...	2002	12564525
isolation of salmonella enterica and serologic reactivity to leptospira interrogans in opossums (didelphis virginiana) from yucatán, méxico.	the presence of salmonella enterica and serologic evidence of infection by leptospira interrogans, were detected in the opossum didelphis virginiana in a semi-urban locality of the yucatán state, méxico. ninety-one opossums were captured during the period april 1996 and may 1998. from a total of 17 feces samples, four salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes (sandiego, newport, anatum, and minnesota), and one salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae serovar o44:z4,z23:- were isolated. some oposs ...	2002	12219118
street foods in accra, ghana: how safe are they?	to investigate the microbial quality of foods sold on streets of accra and factors predisposing to their contamination.	2002	12163918
molecular characterization of salmonella spp. isolated from bulk tank milk and cull dairy cow fecal samples.	the consumption of meat from cull dairy cows and of raw milk has been associated with foodborne salmonellosis. this survey was conducted to establish the prevalence of salmonella in cull dairy cow fecal samples and bulk tank milk and to determine the proportion of salmonella-positive dairy farms (n = 30) in east tennessee. food and drug administration bacteriological analytical protocols were generally used for salmonella isolation. primary enrichment was performed with lactose broth, and second ...	2002	12117241
direct identification and susceptibility testing of enteric bacilli from positive blood cultures using vitek (gni+/gns-ga).	to study the possibility of reporting results of identification and susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli the same day as bacteremia is detected by using direct inoculation from positive blood cultures (bactec 9240) into vitek gni+ and gns-ga cards.	2002	11906499
[purulent pericarditis due to salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae].		2002	11820989
classification of grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions seen at postmortem in canadian poultry abattoirs according to a hazard identification decision tree.	this study was designed to review all grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions (gdacs) encountered in poultry in canadian abattoirs to determine which have potential to cause adverse health effects for the consumer. review of the literature and consultation with scientists in the field of microbiology, epidemiology, poultry pathology, chemistry, and meat inspection served to generate an inventory of gdacs, and a decision tree containing algorithms was developed to identify gdacs potential ...	2001	11770626
normal oral bacterial flora from some southern african snakes.	eighteen snakes representing 11 species were subject to mouth swabbing on 58 occasions. of these swabs, 52.2% were positive for bacteria. a total of 92 bacterial isolates were cultured, representing 30 species of which 81.5% were enterobacteriaceae, 16.3% gram positive cocci, and 2.2% anaerobes. swabs from non-venomous snakes were more commonly bacteriologically sterile than those from venomous snakes (p = 0.0107). the oral bacterial flora did not differ between captive and newly captured snakes ...	2001	11769348
identification by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing of an enterobacteriaceae species from a bone marrow transplant recipient.	to ascertain the clinical relevance of a strain of enterobacteriaceae isolated from the stool of a bone marrow transplant recipient with diarrhoea. the isolate could not be identified to the genus level by conventional phenotypic methods and required 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequencing for full identification.	2000	11040945
phosphine generation by mixed- and monoseptic-cultures of anaerobic bacteria.	a microbial basis for bioreductive generation of phosphine is proposed, which could account at least in part for the presence of this toxic gas in natural anaerobic environments and in sewage and landfill gases. phosphine generation under anaerobic growth conditions was dependent upon both the culture inoculum source (animal faeces) and enrichment culture conditions. phosphine was detected in headspace gases from mixed cultures under conditions promoting fermentative growth of mixed acid and but ...	2000	10811253
genomic subtraction identifies salmonella typhimurium prophages, f-related plasmid sequences, and a novel fimbrial operon, stf, which are absent in salmonella typhi.	salmonella typhimurium causes systemic and fatal infection in inbred mice, while the related serotype salmonella typhi is avirulent for mammals other than humans. in order to identify genes from the virulent strain s. typhimurium atcc 14028 that are absent in s. typhi ty2, and therefore might be involved in s. typhimurium mouse virulence, a pcr-supported genomic subtractive hybridization procedure was employed. we have identified a novel putative fimbrial operon, stfacdefg, located at centisome ...	1999	10482505
efficacy of salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines on horizontal transmission of s. arizonae in turkeys and s. gallinarum in chickens.	salmonella arizonae (sa) and s. gallinarum (sg) are of economic importance to international poultry production because of their pathogenesis in young poultry during the first week after hatching. previous studies from our laboratory have shown immune lymphokines (ilk) produced by s. enteritidis (se)-immunized chickens provide protection against se organ invasion in day-old chickens and turkey poults. previous studies have also demonstrated that sg organ invasion was significantly decreased by ad ...	1999	10426450
[systemic salmonella arizonae infections in patients with a deficiency of cell-mediated immunity. a report of 2 cases and a review of the literature].	systemic infections induced by salmonella arizonae have been described in patients with underlying cell-mediated immunodeficiencies, usually resident in southern countries of u.s. and in mexico. this peculiar geographic distribution is probably due to the ingestion of meat or drugs from rattlesnakes, that salmonella arizonae colonize in the intestinal tract and that live in the above areas. in this article we describe two cases of systemic salmonella arizonae infections, that represent, to our k ...	1998	9951310
simultaneous occurrence of salmonella arizonae in a sulfur crested cockatoo (cacatua galerita galerita) and iguanas.	a case of fatal hepatitis in a captive sulfur crested cockatoo (cacatua galerita galerita) in which salmonella arizonae was microbiologically and immunohistochemically detected is described. the death of the cockatoo was closely related to the arrival of a group of 10 green iguanas (iguana iguana) at a pet shop, and no previous clinical signs were observed in the cockatoo. the most important lesion observed at necropsy of the cockatoo was a multifocal necrotic hepatitis. salmonella arizonae was ...	1998	9876856
structural determination of the o-antigenic polysaccharide from escherichia coli o35 and cross-reactivity to salmonella arizonae o62.	the structure of the o-antigenic polysaccharide from escherichia coli o35 has been investigated with the aid of nmr spectroscopy, sugar and methylation analyses. the sequence of the sugar residues could be determined by noesy and heteronuclear-multiple-bond-connectivity nmr experiments. the polysaccharide is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units with the following structure, where rha and galnacan represent rhamnose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-galacturonamide, respectively: carbohydrate sequenc ...	1998	9851702
[idiopathic cd4+ t-lymphocyte deficiency: the clinical evolution of a case].	the case of a patient with salmonella arizonae sepsis, esophageal candidiasis, and a low cd4+ t lymphocyte count is presented. follow-up continued for over 2 years after the patient was discharged from the hospital, and his clinical course and clinical-immunological examinations are described. after a period of several years during which the patient had recurrent acute infectious episodes, he improved markedly after cholecystectomy and toilette of the gingival inlets for severe parodontopathy. h ...	1997	9773579
salmonella arizonae sepsis in a lynx.	a 4.5-wk-old lynx (felis lynx) was presented for necropsy with a history of poor growth, mild diarrhea, anemia, and lethargy. the liver was enlarged and had a 7 mm long fracture that resulted in severe intraabdominal hemorrhage and death. microscopic lesions were indicative of severe ulcerative cystitis and septicemia. pure cultures of salmonella arizonae were isolated from the liver, kidney, and spleen. based on differences in the chronicity of inflammation in the urinary bladder versus other o ...	1997	9391983
salmonella infection acquired from reptilian pets.	two children presented with signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis. salmonella chameleon was isolated from the stool of one child and also from an iguana kept in the home as a pet. salmonella arizonae was isolated from the stool of the other child and also from four snakes sharing the same household. exotic reptiles are unsuitable pets to share the home environment with infants.	1997	9389242
tracheal malformation in a bicephalic honduran milk snake (lampropeltis hondurensis) and subsequent fatal salmonella arizonae infection.	a bicephalic honduran milk snake (lampropeltis hondurensis) with tracheal duplication and malformation and salmonella arizonae infection is described. there were atypically wide collapsed tracheal rings with necrotizing tracheitis and abundant necrotic epithelial debris and inflammatory cells obstructing the lumen in one of the duplicate tracheae. salmonella arizonae was cultured from the malformed duplicate trachea and was considered to be the etiologic agent causing necrosis.	1997	9365948
salmonellosis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis).	salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (formerly known as salmonella arizonae) was diagnosed in three of five captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at the denver zoological gardens. two of the three animals died despite supportive treatment. the other two rhinoceroses remained asymptomatic and were negative for salmonella spp. after serial fecal cultures. the source for the salmonellosis was never identified.	1997	9365944
differentiation of bacterial 16s rrna genes and intergenic regions and mycobacterium tuberculosis katg genes by structure-specific endonuclease cleavage.	we describe here a new approach for analyzing nucleic acid sequences using a structure-specific endonuclease, cleavase i. we have applied this technique to the detection and localization of mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis and for differentiating bacterial genera, species and strains. the technique described here is based on the observation that single strands of dnas can assume defined conformations, which can be detected and cleaved by structure-spec ...	1996	8940459
respiratory and digestive lesions caused by salmonella arizonae in two snakes.	cases of diphtheritic necrotizing gastritis in a rosy boa (lichanura trivirgata) and of necrotizing tracheitis in a double-headed kingsnake (lampropeltis hondurensis), both associated with salmonella arizonae, are described. an immunoperoxidase technique indicated that s. arizonae played a role in the causation of the lesions. in addition, the study showed the value of the technique for the detection of s. arizonae in the tissues of infected snakes.	1996	8910746
specific and sensitive two-step polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of salmonella species.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was applied for the selective amplification of a characteristic sequence within a salmonella-specific chromosomal fragment. a two-temperature pcr cycle enhanced both the speed and overall sensitivity of the amplification procedure. twenty-one well-characterized salmonella strains and a number of non-salmonella strains were tested. with the exception of the rarely isolated salmonella arizonae strain, the pcr-based approach enabled the specific identificatio ...	1996	8874081
structural and serological studies of lipopolysaccharides of citrobacter o35 and o38 antigenically related to salmonella.	structural analysis using 13c nmr spectroscopy and methylation showed that lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of citrobacter freundii o35 and salmonella arizonae o59 have structurally identical o-specific polysaccharide chains, and those of c. freundii o38 and salmonella kentucky differ only in the presence of o-acetyl groups in the former. serological relationships between the structurally similar lpss were demonstrated using inhibition of elisa, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, double gel diffusion, and ...	1996	8821392
role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in spain.	faeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1-45 days were examined for enteric pathogens. cryptosporidium parvum was detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45%) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. f5+ (k99+) and/or f41+ escherichia coli strains were isolated from 26% and 22% of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins st i or lt i, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoe ...	1996	8760970
structural study of a new sialic acid-containing o-specific polysaccharide of salmonella arizonae o21; formation of anhydro derivatives of neuraminic acid upon treatment with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.		1993	8495432
cloning and molecular characterization of a gene involved in salmonella adherence and invasion of cultured epithelial cells.	our laboratories have independently identified a gene in salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella typhimurium that is necessary for efficient adherence and entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells. introduction of a mutated gene into several salmonella strains belonging to different serotypes rendered these organisms deficient for adherence and invasion of cultured cells. this effect was most pronounced in the host-adapted serotypes salmonella gallinarum, s. choleraesuis, and salmon ...	1993	8382333
salmonella arizonae peritonitis secondary to ingestion of rattlesnake capsules for gastric cancer.		1993	8229147
nontyphoidal salmonellal septicemia in gabonese children infected with schistosoma intercalatum.	relapses of enteric fever induced by schistosoma intercalatum have been observed to occur in central africa. in libreville, gabon, 70 children (ages, 2.1-15.9 years) who were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus and were hospitalized for septicemic salmonellosis underwent rectal biopsy for diagnosis of s. intercalatum infection. a nontyphoidal salmonella species was isolated from 53 of the 70 patients: salmonella typhimurium in 14 cases; salmonella enteritidis in 7 cases; salmonella gal ...	1994	8054417
salmonella arizonae infection and colonisation of the upper respiratory tract of sheep.		1994	7856034
identification and sequence analysis of lpfabcde, a putative fimbrial operon of salmonella typhimurium.	a chromosomal region present in salmonella typhimurium but absent from related species was identified by hybridization. a dna probe originating from 78 min on the s. typhimurium chromosome hybridized with dna from salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, and salmonella dublin but not with dna from salmonella typhi, salmonella arizonae, escherichia coli, and shigella serotypes. cloning and sequence analysis revealed that the corresponding region of the s. typhimurium chromosome encodes a fi ...	1995	7721701
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of salmonella arizonae o45.	the o-specific polysaccharide of salmonella arizonae o45 (arizona 11) is acidic and has a branched hexasaccharide repeating unit containing two residues of l-fucose, one residue each of d-galactose, d-ribose, d-glucuronic acid, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and an o-acetyl group. it was studied with the help of 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 1d selective spin-decoupling and homonuclear hartmann-hahn spectroscopy, 2d homonuclear and 13c-1h heteronuclear shift-correlated (cosy) and no ...	1993	7682473
the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of salmonella arizonae o21 (arizona 22) containing n-acetylneuraminic acid.	the o-specific polysaccharide of s. arizonae o21 was found to contain 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, 2-acetamidino-2,6-dideoxy-l-galactose, n-acetylneuraminic acid, and o-acetyl groups. on the basis of 1h and 13c nmr studies of the intact and o-deacetylated polysaccharide and oligosaccharide fragments obtained by solvolysis with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, partial methanolysis and partial hydrolysis, it was concluded that the o-specific polysaccharide has the following structure: [formula: see ...	1994	7518746
the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of salmonella arizonae o62.	the o-specific polysaccharide was liberated by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from s. arizonae o62 by phenol-water extraction. the branched hexasaccharide repeating-unit of the o-specific chain of the o62 lps contained l-rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonic acid in molar ratios of 4:1:1. on the basis of methylation analysis, 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d shift-correlated (cosy) and 1d noe spectroscopy, the foll ...	1994	7512444
salmonellosis and arizonosis in the reptile collection at the national zoological park.	the prevalence of salmonella and arizona organisms in the reptile collection at the national zoological park was investigated. culture of specimens from 311 reptiles, while live or at necropsy, yielded yielded 117 positive results, for an overall infection rate of 37%. snakes had the highest rate, 55% (69 of 125); lizards had an intermediate rate, 36% (46 of 129); and turtles and tortoises had the lowest rate, 3% (2 of 63). twenty-four serotypes of salmonella enteritidis, 1 of s choleraesuis, an ...	1980	7451315
natural and experimental salmonella arizonae 18:z4,z32 (ar. 7:1,7,8) infection in broilers. bacteriological and histopathological survey of eye and brain lesions.	arizonosis occurred in a flock of 10,000 broilers in the state of sao paulo. among 45 specimens submitted for examination at 15 days of age, there was blindness, and nervous symptoms with ataxia, torticollis, and opisthotonos. necropsy showed caseous material in the vitreous body of the eyeballs and in the cortical region of the brain; s. arizonae 18:z4,z32 (ar. 7:1,7,8) was isolated. both ocular and brain lesions were reproduced by exposure of day-old chicks to the isolate by oral and intraocul ...	1980	7447834
arizona hinshawii bacteraemia and meningitis in a child: a case report.	an 8-week-old infant presented with arizona hinshawii meningitis and bacteraemia. the child responded well to the administration of parenteral ampicillin and chloramphenicol. however, chloramphenicol was discontinued after one day of therapy, and a. hinshawii was recultured from the cerebrospinal fluid on the fifth day. chloramphenicol therapy was restarted and the patient had an uneventful recovery. this report is the first description of a. hinshawii meningitis and should alert clinicians to t ...	1980	7430397
role of salmonella arizonae and other infective agents in enteric disease of lambs.	fecal samples from 545 diarrheic lambs on 12 ranches in southern idaho and western montana were examined for potential enteric pathogens. on 3 of the 12 ranches, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, or s dublin was implicated as the etiologic agent. rotavirus and coronavirus were identified on 1 ranch and rotavirus alone on another. salmonella arizonae serotype 26:30 was isolated from the feces of diarrheic lambs on 6 of the 12 ranches in this study. pregnant ewes from 1 of ...	1981	7332118
plasmid-specified sucrose fermentation in salmonella arizonae.	thirty cultures of salmonella arizonae 47:r:253 (ar 23:24-25) were isolated over 7 months from the faeces of a captive reptile. all were unusual in their inability to produce a positive o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactosidase reaction, and in their ability to ferment sucrose. these s. arizonae carried a plasmid having a molecular mass of 72 megadaltons which specified tetracycline resistance and a plasmid of 5 megadaltons which coded for the ability to ferment sucrose. the small size of this sucrose ...	1980	7252481
aerobic bacterial oral flora of garter snakes: development of normal flora and pathogenic potential for snakes and humans.	garter snakes that are used for scientific laboratory studies or kept as exotic pets often become ill and die early in captivity. they may also act as reservoirs of potential human pathogens or transmit infection to man. a total of 126 strains of aerobic and facultative bacteria, most potential human and snake pathogens, were isolated from 82 garter snake oropharyngeal cultures. coagulase-negative staphylococcus species were the most common species isolated. acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anit ...	1981	7240404
spontaneous arizona hinshawii peritonitis in cirrhosis with ascites.	arizona hinshawii, a gram-negative enteric pathogen, causes serious infections in fowl, reptiles, and other animals. in humans, gastroenteritis, enteric fever, septicemia, and localized infections due to arizona have occurred. there are no previous reports of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis secondary to arizona, however. we report here a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to arizona occurring in a patient with cirrhosis of the alcoholic type. the patient was treated with a 10-day co ...	1981	7239142
arizona hinshawii infection of an atherosclerotic abdominal aorta.	a patient with arizonae hinshawii infection of an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm is described to emphasize the similarity of the nonenteric infections of man by arizona and salmonella organisms. these genera are similar bacteriologically, ecologically, and clinically. this case emphasizes the need for thoroughly considering the differential diagnosis when encountering cryptic bacteremia with either organism.	1981	7212900
a new salmonella serotype salmonella arizonae (47:1, v:z) with dulcitol positive and h2s negative variants.		1982	7185270
transovarian passage, visceral distribution, and pathogenicity of salmonella in snakes.	transovarian passage of salmonella was evaluated in snakes by cesarean delivery and subsequent bacteriological examination of fetuses. in all cases, the same salmonella serotype was isolated from the feces of gravid females and their fetuses. the visceral distribution of salmonella in normal snakes was found to involve almost all visceral organs. of nonenteric organs examined, salmonella was recovered most often from the livers and ureters. experimental infections with salmonella typhimurium and ...	1982	7044975
gram-negative, aerobic, enteric pathogens among intestinal microflora of wild turkey vultures (cathartes aura) in west central texas.	the prevalence of gram-negative bacterial species in the intestines of 20 apparently healthy turkey vultures (cathartes aura) was determined. edwardsiella tarda, plesiomonas shigelloides, salmonella, and arizona hinshawii (salmonella arizonae) were each recovered from 15% of these birds. turkey vultures may be important reservoirs of these bacterial pathogens.	1981	7032423
circannual variations in the b cell/t cell ratio in normal human peripheral blood.	in previous studies we have shown that b cells and subpopulations of t cells can be identified in blood smears with bacteria used as markers that bind spontaneously to lymphocytes. we have also identified ig-bearing cells by using an escherichia coli coated with anti-human ig antibody. here we determined the absolute values and the percentage of b cells and of other lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of six normal donors every 2 mo for 1 yr. we found that the total leukocyte count ...	1981	7026646