Publications

optimization of survival and spore formation of paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21 during bioorganic fertilizer storage.	the effects of storage temperature (20, 30 and 40°c), inoculum type (pure spores, an equal mix of spores and vegetative cells and pure vegetative cells) and water content (20%, 30% and 40%) on the survival and spore formation of the biocontrol agent, paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21, in a bioorganic fertilizer were modeled in a 3×3×3 factorial design. bacterial and spore populations were monitored by plate count and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). temperature significantly affected survi ...	2012	22264433
insights from the architecture of the bacterial transcription apparatus.	we provide a portrait of the bacterial transcription apparatus in light of the data emerging from structural studies, sequence analysis and comparative genomics to bring out important but underappreciated features. we first describe the key structural highlights and evolutionary implications emerging from comparison of the cellular rna polymerase subunits with the rna-dependent rna polymerase involved in rnai in eukaryotes and their homologs from newly identified bacterial selfish elements. we d ...	2011	22210308
isolation and identification of lipopeptide antibiotics from paenibacillus elgii b69 with inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.	two lipopeptide antibiotics, pelgipeptins c and d, were isolated from paenibacillus elgii b69 strain. the molecular masses of the two compounds were both determined to be 1,086 da. mass-spectrometry, amino acid analysis and nmr spectroscopy indicated that pelgipeptin c was the same compound as bmy-28160, while pelgipeptin d was identified as a new antibiotic of the polypeptin family. these two peptides were active against all the tested microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant pathogenic b ...	2011	22203557
biodiversity characterization of cellulolytic bacteria present on native chaco soil by comparison of ribosomal rna genes.	sequence analysis of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was used to study bacterial diversity of a pristine forest soil and of two cultures of the same soil enriched with cellulolytic bacteria. our analysis revealed high bacterial diversity in the native soil sample, evidencing at least 10 phyla, in which actinobacteria, proteobacteria and acidobacteria accounted for more than 76% of all sequences. in both enriched samples, members of proteobacteria were the most frequently represented. the majority of ...	2011	22202170
antimicrobial activity of amazonian oils against paenibacillus species.	the gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium paenibacillus larvae is the primary bacterial pathogen of honeybee brood and the causative agent of american foulbrood disease (afb). one of the feasible alternative treatments being used for their control of this disease is essential oils. in this study in vitro antimicrobial activity of andiroba and copaíba essential oils against paenibacillus species, including p. larvae was evaluated. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) in mueller-hinton broth by ...	2011	22200645
Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 Produces Variants of Polymyxin B-Type Antibiotics.	Polymyxins are cationic lipopeptide antibiotics active against many species of Gram-negative bacteria. We sequenced the gene cluster for polymyxin biosynthesis from Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1. The 40.8 kb gene cluster comprises three nonribosomal peptide synthetase-encoding genes and two ABC transporter-like genes. Disruption of a peptide synthetase gene abolished all antibiotic production, whereas deletion of one or both transporter genes only reduced antibiotic production. Computational analy ...	2011	22195566
battacin (octapeptin b5), a new cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic from paenibacillus tianmuensis active against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.	hospital-acquired infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a significant challenge to patient safety. numerous clinical isolates resistant to almost all commercially available antibiotics have emerged. thus, novel antimicrobial agents, specifically those for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, are urgently needed. in the current study, we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and preliminary biological characterization of a new cationic lipopeptide antibiotic, battacin or ...	2011	22183171
incidence of turf-damaging white grubs (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) and associated pathogens and parasitoids on kentucky golf courses.	root-feeding grubs (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) were sampled from damaged areas of 61 irrigated roughs on 32 kentucky golf courses to determine species composition and natural enemy incidence, the first such survey in the united states' transitional turfgrass climatic zone. masked chafers (cyclocephala lurida bland and c. borealis arrow) and japanese beetle (popillia japonica newman) accounted for ?73 and 26% of grubs found in an autumn survey, with cyclocephala spp. predominating at most sites, ...	2010	22182549
evaluation of bacterial contaminants found on unused paper towels and possible postcontamination after handwashing: a pilot study.	background: bacterial contamination is a concern in the pulp and paper industry. not only is the machinery contaminated but also can be the end-paper products. bacterial transmission from unused paper towels to hands and surfaces is not well documented. methods: the culturable bacterial community of 6 different unused paper towel brands was determined by culture methods and by sequencing the 16s ribosomal dna of bacterial contaminants. next, we investigated the possible airborne and direct conta ...	2011	22177666
heterologous expression of green fluorescent protein in paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood of honey bees.	aims: we aimed at expressing heterologous proteins in p. larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood of honey bees, as a prerequisite for future studies on the molecular pathogenesis of p. larvae infections. methods and results: for this purpose, we established a protocol for the transformation of the plasmid pad43-25 carrying a functional gfp gene sequence (gfpmut3a) into different p. larvae strains representing the two most relevant p. larvae genotypes eric i and eric ii. we determined ...	2011	22151200
isolation and functional gene analyses of aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from a polychlorinated-dioxin-dechlorinating process.	aerobic aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from a semi-anaerobic microbial microcosm that exhibited apparent complete dechlorination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) were isolated through enrichment and plating culture procedures with dibenzofuran as the model substrate. by 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons, these dibenzofuran-degrading isolates were identified as being members of the phyla actinobacteria, firmicutes, and proteobacteria, among which those of the ...	2011	22146307
active n(2) o emission from bacterial microbiota of andisol farmland and characterization of some n(2) o emitters.	andisol in farmland located in hokkaido, japan, is known to actively flux nitrous oxide (n(2) o) during the spring to summer seasons. using a culturing system which mimics farm soils, nitrous oxide (n(2) o) emission potentials of the soils or soil microorganisms were investigated. a total of thirty-three soil samples from the farmland showed high n(2) o production potential, of which the maximum level of n(2) o emission was 3.69 μg per ml of the cultured medium per day (ml(-1) d(-1) ) in the as ...	2011	22144290
Preparation, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of different derivatives of levan from endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3.	A levan-type exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 was successfully acetylated, phosphorylated and benzylated, respectively, affording its derivatives of acetylated levan (AL), phosphorylated levan (PL) and benzylated levan (BL). Then, the antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of the natural polysaccharide and its derivatives were determined. As results, AL, BL and PL all exhibited higher reducing power, scavenging activity against superoxide radical and scavenging ac ...	2011	22142695
comparison of exoelectrogenic bacteria detected using two different methods: u-tube microbial fuel cell and plating method.	in a microbial fuel cell (mfc), exoelectrogens, which transfer electrons to the electrode, have been regarded as a key factor for electricity generation. in this study, u-tube mfc and plating methods were used to isolate exoelectrogens from the anode of an mfc. disparate microorganisms were identified depending on isolation methods, despite the use of an identical source. denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (dgge) analysis showed that certain microorganisms became dominant in the u-tube mfc. ...	2011	22129603
mutually facilitated dispersal between the nonmotile fungus aspergillus fumigatus and the swarming bacterium paenibacillus vortex.	in the heterogeneous environment surrounding plant roots (the rhizosphere), microorganisms both compete and cooperate. here, we show that two very different inhabitants of the rhizosphere, the nonmotile fungus aspergillus fumigatus and the swarming bacterium paenibacillus vortex, can facilitate each other's dispersal. a. fumigatus conidia (nonmotile asexual fungal spores) can be transported by p. vortex swarms over distances of at least 30 cm and at rates of up to 10.8 mm h(-1). moreover, conidi ...	2011	22106274
Biogeography of symbiotic and other endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal Glycyrrhiza species in China.	A total of 159 endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of wild perennial Glycyrrhiza legumes growing on 40 sites in central and northwestern China. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genomic fingerprinting and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes revealed that the collection mainly consisted of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Agrobacterium and Paenibacillus species. Based on symbiotic properties with the legume hosts Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Gl ...	2011	22066910
long-term survival of bacillus spores in alcohol and identification of 90% ethanol as relatively more spori/bactericidal.	this study was taken up with a view to generate basic information on spore hardiness to ethanol in various bacillus species and related genera, and to assess the effectiveness of different levels of ethanol as a bacterial disinfectant. predominantly spore-bearing cultures of five bacillus spp. (b. pumilus, b. subtilis, b. megaterium, b. fusiformis and b. flexus) that were isolated from the spent-alcohol used during plant tissue culture work were challenged with aqueous ethanol (25, 50, 60, 70, 8 ...	2011	22057920
Use of bottom ash of waste coal as an effective microbial carrier.	An experiment was done to determine the efficacy of waste bottom ash as an effective microbial carrier. Bottom ash found to be a suitable microbial carrier. The average of viable cells of Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 (as a test biocontrol agent) in bottom ash samples was about 10(8) cfu/10 ± 2 mg. The surface of bottom ash coated with 5% PVA w/v was most effective for improvement of cell viability. TSB medium containing 50 mg/L of MnSO(4) · H(2)O was the best for spore production of P. polymyxa G ...	2011	22056455
A Rapid Microbioassay for Discovery of Antagonistic Bacteria for Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae.	A simple, rapid, small-scale microbioassay for infection of tobacco seedlings by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae was developed here. This assay uses tobacco seedlings cultivated in Petri dishes for a standardized method for quantitation of initial zoospore inocula and high-throughput screening of antagonistic bacteria. Zoospore inocula between 102 to 105 spores per Petri dish were inoculated on 14-day-old tobacco seedlings for the susceptibility test. One thousand zoospores' treatment wa ...	2011	22046969
Genome sequence of the diazotrophic Gram-positive rhizobacterium Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5(T).	Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5(T), a nitrogen-fixing Gram-positive rhizobacterium isolated from a wheat field in the south of Brazil, has a great potential for agricultural applications due to its plant growth promotion effects. Here we present the draft genome sequence of P. riograndensis SBR5(T). Its 7.37-Mb genome encodes determinants of the diazotrophic lifestyle and plant growth promotion, such as nitrogen fixation, antibiotic resistance, nitrate utilization, and iron uptake.	2011	22038959
Colistin A and colistin B among inhibitory substances of Paenibacillus polymyxa JB05-01-1.	Recently, we isolated and reported the antagonism of Paenibacillus polymyxa JB05-01-1 (P. polymyxa JB05-01-1) against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we provide more insights and attribute the abovementioned antagonism to the production of colistins A and B, which were purified by Amberlite column exchange, C18 column hydrophobicity, superdex 75 16/60 gel filtration chromatography connected to fast protein liquid chromatography and identified by MALDI TOF/TOF, and manual nanospray analysis. The am ...	2011	22038095
the paenibacillus polymyxa species is abundant among hydrogen-producing facultative anaerobic bacteria in lake averno sediment.	lake averno sediment was used to isolate the facultative anaerobic bacteria having the potential for h(2) production. twenty-five out of 35 isolates recovered from the sediment sample produced hydrogen under anaerobic conditions from glucose with yields ranging from 0.1 to 0.49 mol h(2)/mol glucose. identification based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that most of them belong to the firmicutes group, with a prevalence of the paenibacillus polymyxa species. seven distinct genomic fing ...	2011	22038026
microbial biofilms on the sandstone monuments of the angkor wat complex, cambodia.	discoloring biofilms from cambodian temples angkor wat, preah khan, and the bayon and west prasat in angkor thom contained a microbial community dominated by coccoid cyanobacteria. molecular analysis identified chroococcidiopsis as major colonizer, but low similarity values (<95%) suggested a similar genus or species not present in the databases. in only two of the six sites sampled were filamentous cyanobacteria, microcoleus, leptolyngbya, and scytonema, found; the first two detected by sequenc ...	2011	22006074
diversity and bioactive potential of endospore-forming bacteria cultured from the marine sponge haliclona simulans.	despite the frequent isolation of endospore-formers from marine sponges, little is known about the diversity and characterization of individual isolates. the main aims of this study were to isolate and characterize the spore-forming bacteria from the marine sponge haliclona simulans and to examine their potential as a source for bioactive compounds.	2012	21985154
cloning of an endoglycanase gene from paenibacillus cookii and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.	an endoglycanase gene of paenibacillus cookii ss-24 was cloned and sequenced. this pgl8a gene had an open reading frame of 1,230 bp that encoded a putative signal sequence (31 amino acids) and mature enzyme (378 amino acids: 41,835 da). the enzyme was most homologous to a β-1,3-1,4-glucanase of bacillus circulans wl-12 with 84% identity. the recombinant enzyme hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose, swollen celluloses, chitosan and lichenan but not avicel, chitin powder or xylan. with chitosan as th ...	2011	21972145
Characterization of some efficient cellulase producing bacteria isolated from paper mill sludges and organic fertilizers.	The wide variety of bacteria in the environment permits screening for more efficient cellulases to help overcome current challenges in biofuel production. This study focuses on the isolation of efficient cellulase producing bacteria found in organic fertilizers and paper mill sludges which can be considered for use in large scale biorefining. Pure isolate cultures were screened for cellulase activity. Six isolates: S1, S2, S3, S4, E2, and E4, produced halos greater in diameter than the positive ...	2011	21969070
The genome of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa M-1 contains nine sites dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of lipopeptides and polyketides.	The genome of Paenibacillus polymyxa M-1 consisted of a 5.8-Mb chromosome and a 360-kb plasmid. Nine sites were dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of lipopeptides and polyketides. Eight of them were located at the chromosome, while one gene cluster predicted to encode an unknown secondary metabolite was present on the plasmid.	2011	21952539
culture-based and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the bacterial community structure from the intestinal tracts of earthworms(eisenia fetida).	the bacterial communities in the intestinal tracts of earthworm were investigated by culture-dependent and - independent approaches. in total, 72 and 55 pure cultures were isolated from the intestinal tracts of earthworms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. aerobic bacteria were classified as aeromonas (40%), bacillus (37%), photobacterium (10%), pseudomonas (7%), and shewanella (6%). anaerobic bacteria were classified as aeromonas (52%), bacillus (27%), shewanella (12%), paeni ...	2011	21952364
microbial diversity inside pumpkins: microhabitat-specific communities display a high antagonistic potential against phytopathogens.	recent and substantial yield losses of styrian oil pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l. subsp. pepo var. styriaca greb.) are primarily caused by the ascomycetous fungus didymella bryoniae but bacterial pathogens are frequently involved as well. the diversity of endophytic microbial communities from seeds (spermosphere), roots (endorhiza), flowers (anthosphere), and fruits (carposphere) of three different pumpkin cultivars was studied to develop a biocontrol strategy. a multiphasic approach combining molec ...	2011	21947430
Updated genome assembly and annotation of Paenibacillus larvae, the agent of American foulbrood disease of honey bees.	As scientists continue to pursue various 'omics-based research, there is a need for high quality data for the most fundamental 'omics of all: genomics. The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of the honey bee disease American foulbrood. If untreated, it can lead to the demise of an entire hive; the highly social nature of bees also leads to easy disease spread, between both individuals and colonies. Biologists have studied this organism since the early 1900s, and a century late ...	2011	21923906
genetic and functional diversity of bacillus strains in the soils long-term irrigated with paper and pulp mill effluent.	the genetic and functional diversity of bacillus and bacillus-derived genera was analyzed in soil samples collected from three different fields near century paper mill, lal kuan, uttarakhand, india. two had been subjected to concentrated and diluted effluent irrigation for the past 25 years and were designated as a concentrated effluent irrigated field (ceif) and a dilute effluent irrigated field (deif), respectively. the field irrigated with fresh water was designated as a water irrigated field ...	2011	21914967
Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health.	To convert deserts into arable, green landscapes is a global vision, and desert farming is a strong growing area of agriculture world-wide. However, its effect on diversity of soil microbial communities, which are responsible for important ecosystem services like plant health, is still not known.	2011	21912695
paenibacillus lentimorbus enhances growth of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) in chromium-amended soil.	chromium (cr), with its great economic importance in industrial use, is a major metal pollutant of the environment. it affects soil microbial activity and soil fertility, resulting in losses in yield of plants. paenibacillus lentimorbus b-30488(r) (b-30488(r)) tolerated 200 μg ml(-1) of cr under in vitro conditions and produced the plant growth promoting substance indole acetic acid in the presence of cr. our in vitro study indicates enhancement in b-30488(r) biofilm formation by sodium alginat ...	2011	21909789
Paenibacillus telluris sp. nov., a novel phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from soil.	A phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain designated PS38(T) was isolated from farm soil. The isolate was a Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It grew optimally at 37°C and pH 7.5. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0), and iso-C(16:0). The DNA G+C content was 49.5 mol% and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Phylogenese analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain PS38(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus ...	2011	21887645
identification and analysis of the gene cluster involved in biosynthesis of paenibactin, a catecholate siderophore produced by paenibacillus elgii b69.	bacteria belonging to the genus paenibacillus are recognized as rich sources of bioactive natural products. to date, there are few characterized siderophores from this genus. here, through genome analysis, we identified a non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic gene cluster (pae) responsible for siderophore assembly in paenibacillus elgii b69. the 12.8 kb gene cluster comprises six open reading frames encoding proteins similar to the components of the bacillibactin biosynthetic machinery and bacillib ...	2011	21883794
cloning, expression, and characterization of a new xylanase from alkalophilic paenibacillus sp. 12-11.	a xylanase gene, xyn7c, was cloned from paenibacillus sp. 12-11, an alkalophilic strain isolated from the alkaline wastewater sludge of a paper mill, and expressed in escherichia coli. the full-length gene consists of 1,296 bp and encodes a mature protein of 400 residues (excluding the putative signal peptide) that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 10. the optimal ph of the purified recombinant xyn7c was found to be 8.0, and the enzyme had good ph adaptability at 6.5-8.5 and stability ov ...	2011	21876378
genetic diversity of cultivable plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in korea.	to elucidate the biodiversity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) in korea, 7,638 bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plant species growing in many different regions were screened. a large number of pgpr were identified by testing the ability of each isolate to promote the growth of cucumber seedlings. after redundant rhizobacteria were removed via amplified rdna restriction analysis, 90 strains were finally selected as pgpr. on the basis of 16s ribosomal rna sequences, 68 gram- ...	2011	21876366
isolation and characterization of peptide antibiotics li-f04 and polymyxin b6 produced by paenibacillus polymyxa strain jsa-9.	paenibacillus polymyxa jsa-9 had been found to produce five cyclic li-f type antibiotics which were released into culture medium in accordance with our previous report. in this study, another three kinds of antagonistic compounds were extracted from p. polymyxa jsa-9 cell pellets and (or) spores by methanol. using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method, two antagonistic fractions were separated and collected from the methanol extract. one showed inhibition against escherichia coli ...	2011	21864605
Antimicrobial factor from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inhibits Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood.	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LBM 5006 produces an antimicrobial factor active against Paenibacillus larvae, a major honeybee pathogen. The antagonistic effect and the mode of action of the antimicrobial factor were investigated. The antibacterial activity was produced starting at mid-logarithmic growth phase, reaching its maximum during the stationary phase. Exposure of cell suspensions of P. larvae to this antimicrobial resulted in loss of cell viability and reduction in optical density associate ...	2011	21858429
hessian fly-associated bacteria: transmission, essentiality, and composition.	plant-feeding insects have been recently found to use microbes to manipulate host plant physiology and morphology. gall midges are one of the largest groups of insects that manipulate host plants extensively. hessian fly (hf, mayetiola destructor) is an important pest of wheat and a model system for studying gall midges. to examine the role of bacteria in parasitism, a systematic analysis of bacteria associated with hf was performed for the first time. diverse bacteria were found in different de ...	2011	21858016
the 184th residue of β-glucosidase bgl1b plays an important role in glucose tolerance.	bgl1b (acy09072) is a new gh1 family β-glucosidase derived from a marine microbial metagenomic library. in our previous study, the activity of recombinant bgl1b was competitively inhibited by glucose with an ic₅₀ value of 30 mm. based on amino acids sequence alignment with other gh1 β-glucosidases, including bglb from paenibacillus polymyxa whose structure has been solved, the 184th and 409th residues of bgl1b were suggested to be key residues relating to glucose tolerance or other properties. t ...	2011	21856223
eric-pcr genotyping of paenibacillus larvae in southern italian honey and brood combs.	given the considerable economic loss to beekeepers worldwide and the possible public health implications related to the presence of antibiotics in honey, an american foulbrood (afb) monitoring/prevention program for paenibacillus larvae is regarded as essential. this study investigates the occurrence and distribution of p. larvae genotypes in honey and brood combs from apulia (italy). genotyping of p. larvae isolates using eric-pcr generated a total of four different eric banding patterns (eric- ...	2011	21853316
characterization of a microbial consortium capable of degrading lignocellulose.	a microbial consortium, designated wcs-6, was established by successive subcultivation in the presence of rice straw under static conditions. the degradation efficiencies of wsc-6 for 0.5g filter paper, cotton and rice straw after 3days of cultivation were 99.0-¦0.7%, 76.9-¦1.5% and 81.3-¦0.8%, respectively as determined by gravimetrical methods. nine bacterial isolates were obtained from wcs-6 plated under aerobic conditions, and sequencing of their 16s rdna indicated that these bacteria were r ...	2011	21831630
paenibacillus chartarius sp. nov. isolated from a papermill.	a gram-positive, aerobic, endosporeforming organism, isolated from a papermill was studied for its taxonomic position. based on 16s rrna gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain ccug 55240t was grouped into the genus paenibacillus, most closely related to paenibacillus chinjuensis (93.7 %), paenibacillus elgii (93.7%), and paenibacillus chitinolyticus (93.6 %). the 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to other paenibacillus species was < 93.5 %, including the type species of this genus, paeniba ...	2011	21828020
microbial oxidases catalyzing conversion of glycolaldehyde into glyoxal.	the present paper reviews oxidases catalyzing conversion of glycolaldehyde into glyoxal. the enzymatic oxidation of glycolaldehyde into glyoxal was first reported in alcohol oxidases (aods) from methylotrophic yeasts such as candida and pichia, and glycerol oxidase (glod) from aspergillus japonicus, although it had been reported that these enzymes are specific to short-chain linear aliphatic alcohols and glycerol, respectively. these enzymes continuously oxidized ethylene glycol into glyoxal via ...	2011	21820089
structural and functional analysis of phytotoxin toxoflavin-degrading enzyme.	pathogenic bacteria synthesize and secrete toxic low molecular weight compounds as virulence factors. these microbial toxins play essential roles in the pathogenicity of bacteria in various hosts, and are emerging as targets for antivirulence strategies. toxoflavin, a phytotoxin produced by burkholderia glumae bgr1, has been known to be the key factor in rice grain rot and wilt in many field crops. recently, toxoflavin-degrading enzyme (txde) was identified from paenibacillus polymyxa jh2, there ...	2011	21799856
structure and activity of a paenibacillus polymyxa xyloglucanase from glycoside hydrolase family 44.	the enzymatic degradation of plant polysaccharides is emerging as one of the key environmental goals of the early twenty-first century; impacting on many processes in the textile and detergent industries as well as biomass conversion to biofuels. one of the well-known problems with the use of non-starch (non-food) based substrates such as the plant cell wall is that the cellulose fibres are embedded in a network of diverse polysaccharides including xyloglucan that render access difficult. there ...	2011	21795708
paenibacillus sediminis sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from tidal flat adjacent to ganghwa island, korea.	a gram-positive, rod-shaped, xylanolytic, spore-forming bacterium, gth-3(t), was isolated from tidal flat in ganghwa island (n37° 42' 02", e126° 22' 38"), republic of korea and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, strain gth-3(t) was shown to belong to the family paenibacillaceae, being related to paenibacillus ginsengisoli (94.9%), paenibacillus anaericanus (94.8%), paenibacillus urinalis (94.4%), paenibacillus cookii (94 ...	2011	21784963
a novel gfp-based approach for screening biocontrol microorganisms in vitro against dothistroma septosporum.	dothistroma septosporum is the causal agent of dothistroma needle blight of pine trees. a novel green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based screening method was developed to assess the potential of microorganisms for biocontrol of dothistroma. the screen utilizes gfp expression as an indicator of metabolic activity in the pathogen and hygromycin resistance selection to determine if the interaction is fungistatic or fungicidal. results suggested that six of eight trichoderma isolates tested have the po ...	2011	21777628
[controlling effect of antagonist bioorganic fertilizer on tomato root-knot nematode].	indoor in vitro culture experiment and greenhouse pot experiment were conducted to evaluate the capabilities of three bacterial strains xz-173 (bacillus amyloliquefaciens), sl-25 (b. gibsonii), and ks-62 (paenibacillus polymyxa) that can hydrolyze collagen protein in controlling tomato root-knot nematode. in the in vitro culture experiment, suspensions of xz-173, sl-25, and ks-62 induced a mortality rate of 75.9%, 66.7%, and 50.0% to the second-stage junior nematode within 24 h, and decreased th ...	2011	21774329
draft genome sequence of the paenibacillus polymyxa type strain (atcc 842t), a plant growth-promoting bacterium.	paenibacillus polymyxa is an endospore-forming gram-positive soil bacterium that is well-known for its ability to promote plant growth. here we report the draft genome sequence of p. polymyxa atcc 842(t), the type strain of the species p. polymyxa, and the family paenibacillaceae. the p. polymyxa genome contains a repertoire of biosynthetic genes for antibiotics and hydrolytic enzymes that account for its beneficial effects in the rhizosphere to the host plants it associates with.	2011	21742878
entomopathogenic nematodes, phoretic paenibacillus spp., and the use of real time quantitative pcr to explore soil food webs in florida citrus groves.	quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) is a powerful tool to detect and quantify species of cryptic organisms such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes from soil samples. as such, qpcr offers new opportunities to study the ecology of soil habitats by providing a single method to characterize communities of diverse organisms from a sample of dna. here we describe molecular tools to detect and quantify two bacteria (paenibacillus nematophilus and paenibacillus sp.) phoretically associated with entomopathog ...	2011	21723288
diversity analysis of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze).	the diversity elucidation by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis and 16s rdna sequencing of 96 associative diazotrophs, isolated from the feeder roots of tea on enriched nitrogen-free semisolid media, revealed the predominance of gram-positive over gram-negative bacteria within the kangra valley in himachal pradesh, india. the gram-positive bacteria observed belong to two taxonomic groupings; firmicutes, including the genera bacillus and paenibacillus; and actinobacteria, represented by ...	2011	21715960
draft genome sequence of paenibacillus elgiib69, a strain with broad antimicrobial activity.	here, we report the draft genome sequence of paenibacillus elgiib69, which was isolated from soil and has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. as far as we know, the p. elgiigenome is the largest of the paenibacillusgenus for which genome sequences are available. multiple sets of genes related to antibiotic biosynthetic pathways have been found in the genome.	2011	21705583
efficient expression of a paenibacillus barcinonensis endoglucanase in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the endoglucanase coded by cela (genbank access no. y12512) from paenibacillus barcinonensis, an enzyme with good characteristics for application on paper manufacture from agricultural fibers, was expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae by using different domains of the cell wall protein pir4 as translational fusion partners, to achieve either secretion or cell wall retention of the recombinant enzyme. given the presence of five potential n-glycosylation sites in the amino acid sequence coded by c ...	2011	21701899
an outbreak of cutaneous infection due to mycobacterium abscessus associated to mesotherapy.	in february 2009 an outbreak of subcutaneous abscesses due to mycobacterium abscessus was detected in spain which affected healthy women who had undergone mesotherapy procedures in an aesthetic clinic.	2011	21684045
radiation inactivation of paenibacillus larvae and sterilization of american foul brood (afb) infected hives using co-60 gamma rays.	the effectiveness of gamma radiation in inactivating the philippine isolate of paenibacillus larvae was investigated. spores of p. larvae were irradiated at incremental doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6kgy) of gamma radiation emitted by a (60)co source. surviving spores were counted and used to estimate the decimal reduction (d(10)) value. a dose of 0.2kgy was sufficient to inactivate 90% of the total recoverable spores from an initial count of 10(5)-9+ù10(3) spores per glass plate. the steriliz ...	2011	21683605
conservation and diversity of seed associated endophytes in zea across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology.	endophytes are non-pathogenic microbes living inside plants. we asked whether endophytic species were conserved in the agriculturally important plant genus zea as it became domesticated from its wild ancestors (teosinte) to modern maize (corn) and moved from mexico to canada. kernels from populations of four different teosintes and 10 different maize varieties were screened for endophytic bacteria by culturing, cloning and dna fingerprinting using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphis ...	2011	21673982
biodegradation of enteromorpha prolifera by mangrove degrading micro-community with physical-chemical pretreatment.	the bacteria involved in the biodegradation of enteromorpha prolifera (ep) are largely unknown, especially in offshore mangrove environments. in order to obtain the bacterial ep-degrading communities, sediments from a typical mangrove forest were sampled on the roots of mangrove in dongzhai port (haikou, china). the sediments were enriched with crude ep powders as the sole carbon source. the bacterial composition of the resulting mangrove-degrading micro-community (mdmc), named d2-1, was analyse ...	2011	21660543
[enhanced storage stability of recombinant enzyme preparation of alpha-cgtase from paenibacillus macerans by chemical additives].	to enhance the thermostability and storage stability of alpha-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (a-cgtase), we added specific chemical additives into the preparation of alpha-cgtase, and studied the effect of additives on the storage stability of alpha-cgtase at different temperatures. then we measured the protein structure of cgtase in the far uv (200-250 nm) and near uv (250-320 nm) ranges respectively by circular dichroism (cd) spectra under high temperature and analyzed the relationship betwe ...	2011	21650042
synthesis and characterization of chimeric proteins based on cellulase and xylanase from an insect-gut bacterium.	insects living on wood and plants harbor a large variety of bacterial flora in their guts for degrading biomass. we isolated a paenibacillus strain, designated as icgeb2008, from the gut of a cotton bollworm, on the basis of its ability to secrete a variety of plant hydrolyzing enzymes. in this study, we cloned, expressed and characterized two enzymes, β-1,4-endoglucanase (endo5a) and β-1,4-endoxylanase (xyl11d), from the icgeb2008 strain and synthesized recombinant bifunctional enzymes based on ...	2011	21642416
surviving bacterial sibling rivalry: inducible and reversible phenotypic switching in paenibacillus dendritiformis.	abstract natural habitats vary in available nutrients and room for bacteria to grow, but successful colonization can lead to overcrowding and stress. here we show that competing sibling colonies of paenibacillus dendritiformis bacteria survive overcrowding by switching between two distinct vegetative phenotypes, motile rods and immotile cocci. growing colonies of the rod-shaped bacteria produce a toxic protein, slf, which kills cells of encroaching sibling colonies. however, sublethal concentrat ...	2011	21628502
thermal denaturation of β-glucosidase b from paenibacillus polymyxa proceeds through a lumry-eyring mechanism.	β-glucosidase b (bglb), 1,4-β-d: -glucanohydrolase, is an enzyme with various technological applications for which some thermostable mutants have been obtained. because bglb denatures irreversibly with heating, the stabilities of these mutants are assessed kinetically. it, therefore, becomes relevant to determine whether the measured rate constants reflect one or several elementary kinetic steps. we have analyzed the kinetics of heat denaturation of bglb from paenibacillus polymyxa under various ...	2011	21626159
indole and 3-indolylacetonitrile inhibit spore maturation in paenibacillus alvei.	abstract: background: bacteria use diverse signaling molecules to ensure the survival of the species in environmental niches. a variety of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria produce large quantities of indole that functions as an intercellular signal controlling diverse aspects of bacterial physiology. results: in this study, we sought a novel role of indole in a gram-positive bacteria paenibacillus alvei that can produce extracellular indole at a concentration of up to 300 microm in ...	2011	21619597
building custom polysaccharides in vitro with an efficient, broad-specificity xyloglucan glycosynthase and a fucosyltransferase.	the current drive for applications of biomass-derived compounds, for energy and advanced materials, has led to a resurgence of interest in the manipulation of plant polymers. the xyloglucans, a family of structurally complex plant polysaccharides, have attracted significant interest due to their intrinsic high affinity for cellulose, both in muro and in technical applications. moreover, current cell wall models are limited by the lack of detailed structure-property relationships of xyloglucans, ...	2011	21618981
redox properties of 8-quinolinol and implications for its mode of action.	8-quinolinol (oxine, 8-hydroxyquinoline) is a simple aromatic alkaloid with allelopathic, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. generally, it is assumed that 8-quinolinol toxicity depends on transition metal chelation that negatively affects their availability for metalloenzymes in the cell or reactive oxygen species generation (ros), which are formed following reduction of molecular oxygen by autoxidation of the redox active metal central atom of the 8-quinolinol complex. on the ...	2011	21615015
the smartest bacteria on earth.		2011	21608406
maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by a novel β-glucan purified from paenibacillus polymyxa jb115.	we investigated the immunostimulatory effects of a novel β-glucan purified from paenibacillus (p.) polymyxa jb115 on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (dcs), a type of potent antigen-presenting cells. β-glucan isolated from p. polymyxa jb115 enhanced the viability and induced the maturation of dcs. β-glucan markedly increased the cytokine production of dcs and surface expression of dc markers. in addition, dcs treated with β-glucan showed a higher capacity to stimulate allogeneic spleen cell p ...	2011	21586879
population dynamics of bacteria associated with different strains of the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus after inoculation in maritime pine (pinus pinaster).	for a long time it was thought that bursaphelenchus xylophilus was the only agent of the pine wilt disease. recently, it was discovered that there are bacteria associated with the nematodes that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, mainly through the release of toxins that promote the death of the pines. among the species most commonly found, are bacteria belonging to the bacillus, pantoea, pseudomonas and xanthomonas genera. the main objective of this work was to study the effect of ...	2011	21570967
a novel low-temperature-active β-glucosidase from symbiotic serratia sp. tn49 reveals four essential positions for substrate accommodation.	a 2,373-bp full-length gene (bgla49) encoding a 790-residue polypeptide (bgla49) with a calculated mass of 87.8 kda was cloned from serratia sp. tn49, a symbiotic bacterium isolated from the gut of longhorned beetle (batocera horsfieldi) larvae. the deduced amino acid sequence of bgla49 showed the highest identities of 80.1% with a conceptually translated protein from pantoea sp. at-9b (eew02556), 38.3% with the identified glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 3 β-glucosidase from clostridium stercora ...	2011	21559826
a novel (2r,3r)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from an industrially potential strain paenibacillus polymyxa atcc12321.	a (2r,3r)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (bdh99::67) from paenibacillus polymyxa atcc12321 was functionally characterized. the genetic characteristic of bdh99::67 is completely different from those of meso- and (2s,3s)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases. the results showed bdh99::67 belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily but not to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, which meso- and (2s,3s)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases belong to.	2011	21531839
identification of nitrogen-fixing paenibacillus from different plant rhizospheres and a novel nifh gene detected in the p. stellifer.	a total of 534 isolates were selectively obtained from different plant rhizospheres based on their growth on nitrogen-free medium and their resistance to 80 degrees c for 15 min. of the 534 isolates, 23 isolates had nifh gene and exhibited nitrogenase activities. based on 16s rdna sequence, g + c content assay and dna-dna hybridization, by the 23 isolates, which were divided into four monophyletic clusters, all belonged to the paenibacillus genus. nifh gene deduced amino acid alignment analysis ...	2011	21513217
potential of ozone as a fumigant to control pests in honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) hives.	ozone is a powerful oxidant capable of killing insects and microorganisms, and eliminating odors, taste, and color. thus, it could be useful as a fumigant to decontaminate honey comb between uses. the experiments here are intended to determine the exposure levels required to kill an insect pest and spore forming bee pathogens. ozone was effective against greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), even on naturally infested comb. neonates and adults were the easiest life ...	2011	21510179
seasonal change of bacterial community structure in a biofilm formed on the surface of the aquatic macrophyte phragmites australis.	the seasonal change of bacterial community structure in biofilms on the surface of reed (phragmites australis) was investigated for about three years (from 2005 june to 2008 march) in lake biwa by comparing it with that in surrounding lake water. the community structure in biofilms was different from that in the lake water throughout the seasons and years. the community structure in lake water was similar in the same seasons of different years, corresponding to similar environmental factors (i.e ...	2011	21502742
characterization of a paenibacillus curdlanolyticus b-6 xyn10d xylanase that contains a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module.	paenibacillus curdlanolyticus b-6 xyn10d is a xylanase containing a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (cbm3). biochemical analyses using recombinant proteins derived from xyn10d suggested that the cbm3 polypeptide has an affinity for cellulose and xylan and that cbm3 in xyn10d is important for hydrolysis of insoluble arabinoxylan and natural biomass.	2011	21498754
novel biphenyl-oxidizing bacteria and dioxygenase genes from a korean tidal mudflat.	gene-targeted flx titanium pyrosequencing integrated with stable isotope probing (sip) using [(13)c]biphenyl substrate revealed that tidal mudflat sediments harbor novel aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases (arhd). more than 80% of the detected arhd genes comprise four clades (0.5 distance) with 49 to 70% amino acid identity to sequences in public databases. the 16s rrna sequences enriched in the (13)c fraction were from the betaproteobacteria, bacilli (primarily paenibacillus-like), and unc ...	2011	21498748
determination of tylosins a, b, c and d in bee larvae by liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry.	a lc-ms/ms method has been developed to simultaneously quantify tylosins a, b, c and d in bee larvae, compounds currently used to treat one of the most lethal diseases affecting honey bees around the world, american foulbrood (afb). the influence of different aqueous media, temperature and light exposure on the stability of these four compounds was studied. the analytes were extracted from bee larvae with methanol and chromatographic separation was achieved on a luna c(18) (150×4.6mm i.d.) using ...	2011	21498134
genetic diversity of root nodule bacteria nodulating lotus corniculatus and anthyllis vulneraria in sweden.	very little is known about the genetic diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia nodulating lotus species in northern temperate regions. we have therefore studied the genetic diversity among a total of 61 root nodule bacteria isolated from lotus corniculatus and anthyllis vulneraria from different geographic sites and habitats in sweden by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the internal transcribed spacer between their 16s rrna and 23s rrna (igs) region. a high diversity consisting of ...	2011	21497473
diversity of culturable chitinolytic bacteria from rhizospheres of agronomic plants in japan.	a total of 100 isolates of chitinolytic bacteria were obtained from the rhizospheres of various agronomic plants, and the 16s rrna gene sequences of these isolates were determined. phylogenetic analyses revealed that 81 isolates belonged to the classes betaproteobacteria (39 isolates) and gammaproteobacteria (42 isolates). of the remaining 19 isolates, 16 belonged to the phylum firmicutes. clustering analysis identified 6 and 3 operational taxonomic units (otus) in gammaproteobacteria and betapr ...	2011	21487197
antibacterial activity of metabolite produced by paenibacillus polymyxa strain hka-15 against xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli.	an antibacterial metabolite extracted from paenibacillus polymyxa hka-15 showed strong inhibition against xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli strains cp-1-1 and m-5. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of crude extract against strains cp-1-1 and m-5 was found to be 1.7 mg/ml and 1.52 mg/ml, respectively. in uv-vis range, the absorption peak of crude extract was maximum at 240 nm. the compound is resilience to wide range of temperature, ph, surfactants and organic solvents. the complete loss o ...	2011	21452603
structural basis for the inhibition of 1,3-1,4-ß-d-glucanase by noncompetitive calcium ion and competitive tris inhibitors.	in this paper, we determine the mutant w203f structure of tfsß-glucanase, which contains aromatic residue trp203 at the active site of the enzyme. residue trp203 is stacked with the glucose product of cellotriose. further analysis reveals that two extra calcium ions and a tris molecule bind to the mutant structure. a tris molecule, bound to the catalytic residues of glu56 and glu60, was found at the position normally taken by substrate binding at the -1 subsite. in addition, a second ca(2+) ion ...	2011	21426903
impact of chlorophenols on microbiota of an unpolluted acidic soil: microbial resistance and biodegradation.	the impact of 2-monochlorophenol (mcp), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (tcp) and pentachlorophenol (pcp) on the microbial community of an acidic forest soil was studied under controlled laboratory conditions by spiking microcosms with the pollutants at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5000 mg kg(-1) . a decrease in the cumulative respirometric values and changes in the bacterial and fungal community composition were detected at 1000 mg mcp kg(-1) , 100 mg tcp kg(-1) and 100 and 1000 mg pcp kg(-1) . how ...	2011	21426365
effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of epigeic earthworms (eisenia fetida) in vermicompost.	we analyzed the bacterial community structure of the intestines of earthworms and determined the effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of earthworms in vermicompost. fifty-seven bacterial 16s rdna clones were identified in the intestines of earthworms by using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) analysis. entomoplasma somnilux and bacillus licheniformis were the dominant microorganisms; other strains included aeromonas, bacillus, clostr ...	2011	21421302
high-level extracellular production of α-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase with recombinant escherichia coli bl21 (de3).	high-level production of α-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase) is one of the key factors in α-cyclodextrin (cd) preparation. in the present study, a fed-batch fermentation strategy for high-cell-density cultivation of escherichia coli and the extracellular production of recombinant α-cgtase from paenibacillus macerans jfb05-01 was established. a combined feeding strategy based on both specific growth rate before induction and the amount of glycerol residues after induction was used to cont ...	2011	21417392
production and characterization of exopolysaccharides and antioxidant from paenibacillus sp. tku023.	using squid pen powder (spp) as the sole c/n source, paenibacillus sp. tku023 produced exopolysaccharides (eps) and antioxidant. with medium containing 1.5% spp, 0.1% k(2)hpo(4), and 0.05% mgso(4)·7h(2)o, ph 7.23, the culture was incubated at 37°c in liquid (50ml/250ml) for five days. the resultant culture supernatant had higher eps productivity (4.55g/l). the crude eps were isolated by centrifugation, methanol precipitation and deproteinization. the characterization of the eps demonstrated that ...	2011	21402186
optimization, purification, characterization and antioxidant activity of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21.	the optimization, purification and characterization of an extracellular polysaccharide (eps) from a bacterium paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21 (sqr-21) were investigated. the results showed that sqr-21 produced one kind of eps having molecular weight of 8.96 +ù 10(5)da. the eps was comprised of mannose, galactose and glucose in a ratio of 1.23:1.14:1. the ratio of monosaccharides and glucuronic acid was 7.5:1. the preferable culture conditions for eps production were ph 6.5, temperature 30-¦c for 9 ...	2011	21392978
identification of li-f type antibiotics and di-n-butyl phthalate produced by paenibacillus polymyxa.	paenibacillus polymyxa strain jsa-9, a soil isolate that displayed antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro, had been found to produce two types of antimicrobial substances. the two compounds were extracted from the fermentation broth of jsa-9 using ethyl acetate and subsequently purified by high performance liquid chromatography. by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analysis, one of two antagonistic compounds was determined as di-n-butyl phtha ...	2011	21376758
paenimacrolidin, a novel macrolide antibiotic from paenibacillus sp. f6-b70 active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.	paenibacillus sp. f6-b70 was selected from several dozens of isolates with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus using a 16s rdna-based screening method. f6-b70 contained polyketide synthase (pks) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) clusters in its genome revealed by pcr amplification of conserved adenylation and ketosynthase (ks) domains. phylogenetic data suggested that the strain hosts trans-at pkss and their product may be a branched molecule. an antibiotic was ...	2010	21375709
screening of endophytic bacteria isolated from leaves of sambung nyawa [gynura procumbens (lour.) merr.] for cytokinin-like compounds.	endophytic bacteria are harmless in most plant species; and known to boost the growth and development of the host plants probably by secreting growth hormones. the isolation, identification and screening of endophytic bacteria for the plant growth regulators like cytokinin are needed to get the leads for their applications in agriculture sector. we describe the isolation and identification of the bacterial endophytes from the leaves of sambung nyawa [gynura procumbens (lour.) merr.] and their sc ...	2010	21364796
isolation and characterization of beneficial bacteria associated with citrus roots in florida.	cultivable diversity of bacteria associated with citrus was investigated as part of a larger study to understand the roles of beneficial bacteria and utilize them to increase the productive capacity and sustainability of agro-ecosystems. citrus roots from huanglongbing (hlb) diseased symptomatic and asymptomatic citrus were used in this study. a total of 227 and 125 morphologically distinct colonies were isolated and characterized from hlb asymptomatic and symptomatic trees, respectively. we obs ...	2011	21360139
characterization of root-nodulating bacteria associated to prosopis farcta growing in the arid regions of tunisia.	diversity of 50 bacterial isolates recovered from root nodules of prosopis farcta grown in different arid soils in tunisia, was investigated. characterization of isolates was assessed using a polyphasic approach including phenotypic characteristics, 16s rrna gene pcr--rflp and sequencing, noda gene sequencing and mlsa. it was found that most of isolates are tolerant to high temperature (40°c) and salinity (3%). genetic characterization emphasizes that isolates were assigned to the genus ensifer ...	2011	21359955
biofilm formation by paenibacillus polymyxa strains differing in the production and rheological properties of their exopolysaccharides.	we evaluated the ability of several strains of the rhizobacterium paenibacillus polymyxa, differing in the yield and rheological properties of their exopolysaccharides, to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. of these strains, p. polymyxa 1465, giving the highest yield of extracellular polysaccharides and the highest kinematic viscosity of the culture liquid and of aqueous polysaccharide solutions, proved to be the most active in forming biofilms on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. enzyme-lin ...	2011	21331554
metalloprotease production by paenibacillus larvae during the infection of honeybee larvae.	american foulbrood is a bacterial disease of worldwide distribution that affects larvae of the honeybee apis mellifera. the causative agent is the gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium paenibacillus larvae. several authors have proposed that p. larvae secretes metalloproteases that are involved in the larval degradation that occurs after infection. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the production of a metalloprotease by p. larvae during larval infection. first, the complete gene encod ...	2011	21330433
[screening, identification, and biocontrol effect of antagonistic bacteria against phytophthora capsici].	a total of 98 isolates with antagonistic activity against phytophthora capsici were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy pepper plants in the fields seriously infected by pepper phytophthora capsicit, and two strains named as hl-3 and lz-8 were screened, which had the characteristics of wide-spectrum antagonism and good growth under poor soil condition. the hl-3 and lz-8 were identified as paenibacillus polymyxa and bacillus pumilus, respectively, based on their morphological and bioche ...	2010	21328956
extremely variable conservation of ?-type small, acid-soluble proteins from spores of some species in the bacterial order bacillales.	?-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) are the most abundant proteins in spores of at least some members of the bacterial order bacillales, yet they remain an enigma from both functional and phylogenetic perspectives. current work has shown that the ?-type sasp or their coding genes (sspe genes) are present in most spore-forming members of bacillales, including at least some members of the paenibacillus genus, although they are apparently absent from clostridiales species. we have appl ...	2011	21317325
diversity of endophytic bacteria within nodules of the sphaerophysa salsula in different regions of loess plateau in china.	a total of 115 endophytic bacteria were isolated from root nodules of the wild legume sphaerophysa salsula grown in two ecological regions of loess plateau in china. the genetic diversity and phylogeny of the strains were revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of 16s rrna gene and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr. their symbiotic capacity was checked by nodulation tests and analysis of nifh gene sequence. this is the first systematic study on endop ...	2011	21303396
molecular cloning and catalytic mechanism of a novel glycosphingolipid-degrading beta-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from paenibacillus sp. ts12.	we report here the molecular cloning, characterization, and catalytic mechanism of a novel glycosphingolipid-degrading ß-n-acetylgalactosaminidase (ß-nga) from paenibacillus sp. ts12 (ngap). consisting of 1034 putative amino acid residues, ngap shares no sequence similarity with known proteins. recombinant ngap, expressed in escherichia coli, cleaved the nonreducing terminal ß-galnac residues of gangliotriaosylceramide and globotetraosylceramide. the enzyme hydrolyzed para-nitrophenyl-ß-n-acetyl ...	2011	21297160
[optimization immobilizing activated carbon and bacteria by sodium alginate and its character of adsorption of pb2+].	through the immobilized biosorption of activated carbon and paenibacillus polymyxa ga1 by sodium alginate, this paper take advantage of the orthogonal experiment to investigate the adsorption characteristics of sodium alginate. according to the research, the optimal preparation conditions were as following: the mass fraction of sodium alginate was 2.5%; the amount of carbon and bacteria was 1:20 and 1:2, respectively; under the preparation condition, the adsorption rate could reach to 93.74%. th ...	2010	21250452
[binding of tylosin, tilmicosin and oxytetracycline to proteins from honeybees, larvae and beehive products].	american foulbrood (afb) caused by the spore-forming bacterium paenibacillus larvae is the most serious disease of bacterial origin affecting larvae and pupae of honeybees. antibiotics are used in many countries for the control of afb in high incidence areas, but their misuse may lead to antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains and honey contamination. the objective of the present work was to determine, through a biological method, the protein binding of tylosin, tilmicosin and oxytetracycline ...	2010	21229198
paenibacillus sacheonensis sp. nov., a xylanolytic and cellulolytic bacterium isolated from tidal flat sediment in sacheon bay, korea.	a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain sy01(t) was isolated from tidal flat sediment of the sacheon bay in south korea. strain sy01(t) was characterized with respect to their phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics. this strain was spore-forming, motile, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. optimal growth of the strain occurred at 30°c and ph 7.0. the dna g+c content was 56.1 mol%. the predominant menaquinone was mk-7. diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosph ...	2011	21216922