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n-hexane insoluble fraction of plantago lanceolata exerts anti-inflammatory activity in mice by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and reducing chemokines levels.inflammation is involved in the progression of many disorders, such as tumors, arthritis, gastritis, and atherosclerosis. thus, the development of new agents targeting inflammation is still challenging. medicinal plants have been used traditionally to treat various diseases including inflammation. a previous study has indicated that dichloromethane extract of p. lanceolata leaves exerts anti-inflammatory activity in an in vitro model. here, we examined the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of ...201728335408
relationship of phenotypic and genetic variation in plantago lanceolata to disease caused by fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans.naturally established individuals of plantago lanceolata with the inflorescence disease caused by fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans had more inflorescences and were more likely to be male-sterile than healthy plants. half-sib families planted in the field varied in the percentage of diseased plants, the number of inflorescences per plant, the incidence of male-sterility, and the pattern of inflorescence phenology. the rankings of families with respect to disease incidence was, however, not ...198428312115
spatial patterns of disease induced by fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans in a population of plantago lanceolata.at low densities, plantago lanceolata was less likely to have the inflorescence disease caused by the fungus fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. where the disease was found, as host density increased, the proportion diseased remained constant or decreased. the pathogen's inability to exploit high host densities may be due to both the long disease cycle and the reduced efficiency of disease spread in heterogeneous habitats. diseased plants were randomly spaced early in the summer but were lat ...198428310753
plant exudates trigger leaf-trenching by cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni (noctuidae).cabbage loopers, trichoplusia ni, cut a narrow trench across leaves of plants that release exudate, then feed distal to the trench in an area of reduced exudation. the larvae do not normally trench plant species such as plantain, plantago lanceolata, that lack exudate. to determine what cues elicit trenching, i reared larvae to the final instar on plantain, then applied test solutions to their mouthparts during feeding. loopers that received latex from lactuca serriola (asteraceae) or phloem exu ...199728307485
interspecies differences in the preference of ammonium and nitrate in vascular plants.three solution experiments were performed to test the importance of nh 4(+) versus no 3(-) +nh 4(+) to growth of 23 wild-forest and open-land species, using field-relevant soil solution concentrations at ph 4.5. at n concentrations of 1-200 μm growth increased with increasing n supply in carex pilulifera, deschampsia flexuosa, elymus caninus and bromus benekenii. geum urbanum was the most n demanding species and had little growth below 200 μm. the preference for nh 4(+) or no 3(-) +nh 4(+) was t ...199528306841
capulavirus and grablovirus: two new genera in the family geminiviridae.geminiviruses are plant-infecting single-stranded dna viruses that occur in most parts of the world. currently, there are seven genera within the family geminiviridae (becurtovirus, begomovirus, curtovirus, eragrovirus, mastrevirus, topocuvirus and turncurtovirus). the rate of discovery of new geminiviruses has increased significantly over the last decade as a result of new molecular tools and approaches (rolling-circle amplification and deep sequencing) that allow for high-throughput workflows. ...201728213872
impact of leaf traits on temporal dynamics of transpired oxygen isotope signatures and its impact on atmospheric vapor.oxygen isotope signatures of transpiration (δ e ) are powerful tracers of water movement from plant to global scale. however, a mechanistic understanding of how leaf morphological/physiological traits effect δ e is missing. a laser spectrometer was coupled to a leaf-level gas-exchange system to measure fluxes and isotopic signatures of plant transpiration under controlled conditions in seven distinct species (fagus sylvatica, pinus sylvestris, acacia longifolia, quercus suber, coffea arabica, pl ...201728149303
responses of plasma glucose metabolism to exogenous insulin infusion in sheep-fed forage herb plantain and exposed to heat.the use of herbal plants as traditional medicines has a century long history. plantain (plantago lanceolata l.) is a perennial herb containing bioactive components with free radical scavenging activities. an isotope dilution technique using [u-13c]glucose was conducted to determine the effect of plantain on the responses of plasma glucose metabolism to exogenous insulin infusion in sheep. six crossbred sheep (three wethers and three ewes; mean initial bw=40±2 kg) were fed either a mixed hay of o ...201728091361
losing a battle but winning the war: moving past preference-performance to understand native herbivore-novel host plant interactions.introduced plants can positively affect population viability by augmenting the diet of native herbivores, but can negatively affect populations if they are subpar or toxic resources. in organisms with complex life histories, such as insects specializing on host plants, the impacts of a novel host may differ across life stages, with divergent effects on population persistence. most research on effects of novel hosts has focused on adult oviposition preference and larval performance, but adult pre ...201727913864
the anthelmintic ingredient moxidectin negatively affects seed germination of three temperate grassland species.in animal farming, anthelmintics are regularly applied to control gastrointestinal nematodes. there is plenty of evidence that also non-target organisms, such as dung beetles, are negatively affected by residues of anthelmintics in faeces of domestic ungulates. by contrast, knowledge about possible effects on wild plants is scarce. to bridge this gap of knowledge, we tested for effects of the common anthelmintic formulation cydectin and its active ingredient moxidectin on seed germination. we co ...201627846249
favorable results from the use of herbal and plant products in inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from experimental animal studies.the use of herbal therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is increasing worldwide. the aim of this study was to review the available literature on the efficacy of herbal therapy in experimental colitis. all relevant studies published in medline and embase up to june 2015 have been reviewed. the results of bowel histology and serum parameters have been recorded. a satisfactory number of published experimental studies, and a quite large one of both herbal and plant products tested in different stud ...201727366027
impact of an invasive nitrogen-fixing tree on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the development of native species.arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) are obligate soil biotrophs that establish intimate relationships with 80 % of terrestrial plant families. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi obtain carbon from host plants and contribute to the acquisition of mineral nutrients, mainly phosphorus. the presence of invasive plants has been identified as a soil disturbance factor, often conditioning the structure and function of soil microorganisms. despite the investigation of many aspects related to the invasion ofaca ...201626984185
more milk from forage: milk production, blood metabolites, and forage intake of dairy cows grazing pasture mixtures and spatially adjacent monocultures.there is interest in the reincorporation of legumes and forbs into pasture-based dairy production systems as a means of increasing milk production through addressing the nutritive value limitations of grass pastures. the experiments reported in this paper were undertaken to evaluate milk production, blood metabolite concentrations, and forage intake levels of cows grazing either pasture mixtures or spatially adjacent monocultures containing perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), white clover (trif ...201626923052
molecular characterisation of a novel recombinant ribgrass mosaic virus strain fshs.the genus tobamovirus (virgaviridae) comprises 33 accepted species with the recent addition of eight new viruses and is divided in to three subgroups based on the origin of assembly of the virion and host range. within the subgroup 1 tobamoviruses the orchid-associated tobamovirus was hypothesized to be a chimeric derivative of recombinations between genome fragments from subgroup 3 and 1. recombination events involving rdrp, movement and coat protein genes are recorded within subgroup 1 and 2. ...201626891841
plants increase arsenic in solution but decrease the non-specifically bound fraction in the rhizosphere of an alkaline, naturally rich soil.we aimed at determining the major physical-chemical processes that drive arsenic (as) dynamic in the rhizosphere of four species (holcus lanatus, dittrichia viscosa, lotus corniculatus, plantago lanceolata) tested for phytostabilization. experiments were performed with an alkaline soil naturally rich in as. composition of the soil solution of planted and unplanted pots was monitored every 15 days for 90 days, with a focus on the evolution of as concentrations in solution and in the non-specifica ...201626707185
fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory (cichorium intybus l.) or ribwort (plantago lanceolata l.) forage.the purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community (microbiome) in newly weaned (35 days of age) piglets. the piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without (b) and with inclusion (80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage) of vegetative shoots of chicory (c) and leaves of ribwort (r) forage in a 35-day growth trial. fecal samples were collected at the start (d0), 17 (d17) and 35 (d35) days after weani ...201526688727
evaluation of two brazilian indigenous plants for phytostabilization and phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils.indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. however, it was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. so, a greenhouse study was carried out with bidens pilosa and plantago lanceolata in samples of vineyard soils (inceptisol a ...201526675903
the accumulation of elements in plants growing spontaneously on small heaps left by the historical zn-pb ore mining.the study evaluated the levels of nine metals, namely ca, cd, fe, k, mg, mn, pb, tl, and zn, in soils and tissues of ten plant species growing spontaneously on heaps left by historical mining for zn-pb ores. the concentrations of cd, pb, tl, and zn in heap soils were much higher than in control soils. plants growing on heaps accumulated excessive amounts of these elements in tissues, on average 1.3-52 mg cd kg(-1), 9.4-254 mg pb kg(-1), 0.06-23 mg tl kg(-1) and 134-1479 mg zn kg(-1) in compariso ...201626635220
pesticide residues in some herbs growing in agricultural areas in poland.the aim of this paper was to assess residue content of plant protection products in selected herbs: achillea millefolium l., cichorium intybus l., equisetum arvense l., polygonum persicaria l., plantago lanceolata l., and plantago major l. the study comprises herbs growing in their natural habitat, 1 and 10 m away from crop fields. the herbs, 30 plants of each species, were sampled during the flowering stage between 1 and 20 july 2014. pesticide residue content was measured with the quechers met ...201526612566
evaluation of two brazilian indigenous plants for phytostabilization and phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils.abstractindigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. however, it was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. so, a greenhouse study was carried out with bidens pilosa and plantago lanceolata in samples of vineyard soils (ince ...201526560649
an ethnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants on suva planina mountain (south-eastern serbia).this study documents the ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal importance of plants in the suva planina mountain region (south-eastern serbia). it is reflected in their high diversity and their wide range of uses in the treatment of the local population. the aim of this study was a comparative analysis of data collected in the suva planina region with relevant data from the western balkans, which included identifying the 'most popular' plants, as well as those species which are used specifically for ...201526375774
indigenous knowledge of folk medicines among tribal minorities in khyber pakhtunkhwa, northwestern pakistan.mapping ethnomedicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge of folk medicines can provide a comprehensive overview of individual herbs employed in health care. reliance on medicinal plants in remote parts of northern pakistan is high, especially among women, but no research has investigated specifically which plants are used. this study investigated indigenous knowledge of folk medicines among tribal minorities in selected sites in upper swat, buner and chitral districts in khyber pakhtunk ...201525792019
intraspecific variability in allelopathy of heracleum mantegazzianum is linked to the metabolic profile of root exudates.allelopathy may drive invasions of some exotic plants, although empirical evidence for this theory remains largely inconclusive. this could be related to the large intraspecific variability of chemically mediated plant-plant interactions, which is poorly studied. this study addressed intraspecific variability in allelopathy of heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed), an invasive species with a considerable negative impact on native communities and ecosystems.201525714817
interrelations between herbage yield, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, protein, and fiber in non-leguminous forbs, forage legumes, and a grass-clover mixture as affected by harvest date.pastures with diverse botanical composition may enhance animal-derived product quality. a recent study demonstrated high vitamin concentrations and yields in some forb species. the objectives of the present study were to investigate interrelations between herbage yields, vitamin concentrations, protein and fiber contents and analyze the effect of harvest date. we hypothesized that interrelations would be similar across investigated forage species. four nonleguminous forbs: salad burnet (sanguiso ...201525573460
context-dependent effects of induced resistance under co-infection in a plant-pathogen interaction.the ability of a parasite strain to establish and grow on its host may be drastically altered by simultaneous infection by other parasite strains, and dynamics under multiple infection have been suggested to be a major force driving pathogen evolution. here, i studied whether hosts' induced defenses mediate dynamics of multiple infection of the fungal pathogen, podosphaera plantaginis, infecting plantago lanceolata. a laboratory study of sequential infections, where interaction between pathogen ...201125568016
influence of plantaginaceae species on e. coli k12 growth in vitro: possible relation to phytochemical properties.the data concerning the influence of plantaginaceae water extracts on bacterial growth are contradictory.201525330854
availability and temporal heterogeneity of water supply affect the vertical distribution and mortality of a belowground herbivore and consequently plant growth.we examined how the volume and temporal heterogeneity of water supply changed the vertical distribution and mortality of a belowground herbivore, and consequently affected plant biomass. plantago lanceolata (plantaginaceae) seedlings were grown at one per pot under different combinations of water volume (large or small volume) and heterogeneity (homogeneous water conditions, watered every day; heterogeneous conditions, watered every 4 days) in the presence or absence of a larva of the belowgroun ...201424937126
vertical transmission of fungal endophytes is widespread in forbs.to date, it has been thought that endophytic fungi in forbs infect the leaves of their hosts most commonly by air-borne spores (termed "horizontal transmission"). here, we show that vertical transmission from mother plant to offspring, via seeds, occurs in six forb species (centaurea cyanus, c. nigra,papaver rhoeas,plantago lanceolata,rumex acetosa, and senecio vulgaris), suggesting that this may be a widespread phenomenon. mature seeds were collected from field-grown plants and endophytes isola ...201424834319
phytodermatitis in eastern turkey: a retrospective, observational study.plant life is extremely diverse, with a great deal of geographic and seasonal variation. consequently, the range of reported adverse reactions is large, and there are important differences worldwide in the incidence and prevalence of these reactions. systemic ingestion of some plants containing furocoumarins can cause erythema, edema, vesicle and bulla formation and later hyperpigmentation, after exposure to sunlight. they may at times exhibit clinical manifestations that mimic angioedema, and r ...201524776729
sequential effects of root and foliar herbivory on aboveground and belowground induced plant defense responses and insect performance.plants are often simultaneously or sequentially attacked by multiple herbivores and changes in host plants induced by one herbivore can influence the performance of other herbivores. we examined how sequential feeding on the plant plantago lanceolata by the aboveground herbivore spodoptera exigua and the belowground herbivore agriotes lineatus influences plant defense and the performance of both insects. belowground herbivory caused a reduction in the food consumption by the aboveground herbivor ...201424448700
fatty acids, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and lutein contents in forage legumes, forbs, and a grass-clover mixture.fresh forages are an important natural source of vitamins and fatty acids in ruminant diets, and their concentrations in forage species are important for the quality of animal-derived foods such as dairy and meat products. the aims of this study were to obtain novel information on vitamins and fatty acids (fa) in a variety of forage legumes and non-legume forb species compared to a grass-clover mixture and to explore implications for animal-derived products. seven dicotyledons [four forbs (salad ...201324262011
the role of cis-carotenoids in abscisic acid biosynthesis.evidence has been obtained which is consistent with 9'-cis-neoxanthin being a major precursor of abscisic acid (aba) in higher plants. a mild, rapid procedure was developed for the extraction and analysis of carotenoids from a range of tissues. once purified the carotenoids were identified from their light-absorbance properties, reactions with dilute acid, high-performance liquid chromatography rts, mass spectra and the quasiequilibria resulting from iodine-catalysed or chlorophyllsensitised pho ...199024197007
dairy cows increase ingestive mastication and reduce ruminative chewing when grazing chicory and plantain.although the nutritive value of chicory (cichorium intybus l.) and plantain (plantago lanceolata l.) has been thoroughly studied, little is known about the grazing behavior of cattle feeding on chicory and plantain swards. the objective of the present study was to assess and describe the grazing behavior of dairy cows as affected by dietary proportions of chicory and plantain fed as monocultures for part of the day. ninety holstein-friesian cows (489±42 kg of body weight; 4.1±0.3 body condition ...201324119808
role of plant β-glucosidases in the dual defense system of iridoid glycosides and their hydrolyzing enzymes in plantago lanceolata and plantago major.the typical defense compounds of plantaginaceae are the iridoid glycosides, which retard growth and/or enhance mortality of non-adapted herbivores. in plants, glycosidic defense compounds and hydrolytic enzymes often form a dual defense system, in which the glycosides are activated by the enzymes to exert biological effects. yet, little is known about the activating enzymes in iridoid glycoside-containing plants. to examine the role of plant-derived β-glucosidases in the dual defense system of t ...201323773298
the root herbivore history of the soil affects the productivity of a grassland plant community and determines plant response to new root herbivore attack.insect root herbivores can alter plant community structure by affecting the competitive ability of single plants. however, their effects can be modified by the soil environment. root herbivory itself may induce changes in the soil biota community, and it has recently been shown that these changes can affect plant growth in a subsequent season or plant generation. however, so far it is not known whether these root herbivore history effects (i) are detectable at the plant community level and/or (i ...201323441201
biosorption and bioreduction of copper from different copper compounds in aqueous solution.high copper concentration is toxic for living organisms including humans. biosorption is a bioremediation technique that can remove copper and other pollutants from aqueous medium and soils, consequently cleaning the environment. the aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the influence of different copper compounds (cu(ii) as cucl2; cu(ii) as cuso4; and cu(i) as cucl) on copper bioreduction and biosorption using four copper-resistant bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of two plants ...201323417495
pollen aero allergens and the climate in mediterranean region and allergen sensitivity in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma patients.we evaluated the profiles of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma patients annually in antalya, a mediterranean coastal city in turkey.201323396359
increased plant carbon translocation linked to overyielding in grassland species mixtures.plant species richness and productivity often show a positive relationship, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, especially at the plant species level. we examined how growing plants in species mixture influences intraspecific rates of short-term carbon (c-) translocation, and determined whether such short-term responses are reflected in biomass yields. we grew monocultures and mixtures of six common c3 grassland plant species in outdoor mesocosms, applied a (13)c-co(2) pulse ...201223049893
water-extractable magnesium, manganese and copper in leaves and herbs of medicinal plants.since herbal teas, infusions and decoctions prepared from medicinal plants are popular remedies, it remains a topical question whether these herbal drugs can be treated as sources of essential elements for humans, who often use them in their everyday diet. therefore, total and water-extractable contents of mg, mn and cu were determined in 41 leaves originating from four botanical species of plantago lanceolata, arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, rubus fruticosus and betula sp., as well as in 33 samples o ...201322574504
characterization of the complete genome of ribgrass mosaic virus isolated from plantago major l. from new zealand and actinidia spp. from china.the complete genomes of tobamovirus isolates from plantago major l. from new zealand (nz-439), plantago sp. from germany (kons 1105), actinidia chinensis (actinidia-ac) and a. deliciosa (actinidia-ad) from china were sequenced and compared to previously published tobamovirus genomes. their genome organization and phylogenetic analysis of the putative replicase component, replicase readthrough component, movement protein, coat protein and complete genome placed all four isolates in subgroup 3 of ...201222456910
growth performance, digestibility and faecal coliform bacteria in weaned piglets fed a cereal-based diet including either chicory (cichorium intybus l) or ribwort (plantago lanceolata l) forage.twenty-five weaned 35-day-old piglets were used in a 35-day growth experiment to evaluate the effect of inclusion of chicory and ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility and shedding of faecal coliform bacteria. a total of seven experimental diets were formulated, a cereal-based basal diet (b), and six diets with inclusion of 40, 80 and 160 g/kg chicory (c40, c80 and c160) or ribwort (r40, r80 and r160). piglets had ad libitum access to feed and wat ...201122439952
dynamic trajectories of growth and nitrogen capture by competing plants.although dynamic, plant competition is usually estimated as biomass differences at a single, arbitrary time; resource capture is rarely measured. this restricted approach perpetuates uncertainty. to address this problem, we characterized the competitive dynamics of dactylis glomerata and plantago lanceolata as continuous trajectories of biomass production and nitrogen (n) capture. plants were grown together or in isolation. biomass and n content were measured at 17 harvests up to 76 d after sowi ...201222236094
interactions between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a soil microbial community mediating litter decomposition.we investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) alteration of microbial mediation of litter decomposition. amf (glomus hoi) were either allowed access to or excluded from plantago lanceolata l. root litter embedded in soil; litter was labeled with either (13) c only or (13) c and (15) n. plant n uptake was significantly increased if amf accessed the litter, and (15) n analysis of the plant material indicated that 2-3% of plant n originated from litter. succession of the soil community mediati ...201222224699
Brief report: genome sequence and construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Ribgrass mosaic virus from Chinese cabbage in Korea.Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) has severely decreased the production and lowered quality of Chinese cabbage co-infected with Turnip mosaic virus (63.4%) in Korea. The complete genome sequence of RMV isolated from Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was determined. The full genome consisted of 6,304 nucleotides and showed sequence identities of 91.5-94.2% with the corresponding genome of other RMV strains. Full-length cDNA of RMV-Br was amplified by RT-PCR with a 5'-end primer harboring a T7 promoter sequ ...201122143325
characterization of copper-resistant rhizosphere bacteria from avena sativa and plantago lanceolata for copper bioreduction and biosorption.copper is a toxic heavy metal widely used to microbial control especially in agriculture. consequently, high concentrations of copper residues remain in soils selecting copper-resistant organisms. in vineyards, copper is routinely used for fungi control. this work was undertaken to study copper resistance by rhizosphere microorganisms from two plants (avena sativa l. and plantago lanceolata l.) common in vineyard soils. eleven rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated, and four displayed high res ...201122002857
the arbuscular mycorrhizal paraglomus majewskii sp. nov. represents a distinct basal lineage in glomeromycota.paraglomus majewskii sp. nov. (glomeromycota) is described and illustrated. it forms single spores, which are hyaline through their life cycle, globose to subglobose, (35-)63(-78) μm diam, sometimes egg-shaped, 50-70 × 65-90 μm, and have an unusually narrow, (3.2-)4.6(-5.9) μm, cylindrical to slightly flared subtending hypha. the spore wall of p. majewskii consists of an evanescent, short-lived outermost layer, a laminate middle layer, and a flexible innermost layer, which adheres tightly to the ...201221914831
differential performance of a specialist and two generalist herbivores and their parasitoids on plantago lanceolata.the ability to cope with plant defense chemicals differs between specialist and generalist species. in this study, we examined the effects of the concentration of the two main iridoid glycosides (igs) in plantago lanceolata, aucubin and catalpol, on the performance of a specialist and two generalist herbivores and their respective endoparasitoids. development of the specialist herbivore melitaea cinxia was unaffected by the total leaf ig concentration in its host plant. by contrast, the generali ...201121691810
digestible energy content of pasture species in growing european wild boar (sus scrofa l.).the objectives were to determine the apparent energy digestibility of six pasture species frequently grazed by european wild boar (sus scrofa l.) and to estimate the digestible energy (de) consumption from pasture by grazing wild boar. seven diets were prepared; a base diet (bd) which did not contain any pasture species, diets d1 to d5 which included 75% of the bd and 25% of the dried pasture species lolium perenne (d1), festuca arundinacea (d2), agrostis capillaris (d3), bromus staminius (d4) o ...201121575078
evaluation of the antipeptic ulcer activity of the leaf extract of plantago lanceolata l. in rodents.the effect of the leaf extract of plantago lanceolata l. (plantaginaceae) on gastric secretion and cytoprotection was evaluated using different models of gastroduodenal ulcer, including acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer, indomethacin induced gastric ulcer, cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer. the aqueous extract was administered at 200?mg/kg and 400?mg/kg and 140?mg/kg and 280?mg/kg for mice and rats, respectively, and compared with vehicle or the ...201121298726
spatial variation in disease resistance: from molecules to metapopulations.variation in disease resistance is a widespread phenomenon in wild plant-pathogen associations. here, we review current literature on natural plant-pathogen associations to determine how diversity in disease resistance is distributed at different hierarchical levels - within host individuals, within host populations, among host populations at the metapopulation scale and at larger regional scales.we find diversity in resistance across all spatial scales examined. furthermore, variability seems t ...201121243068
structure of hibiscus latent singapore virus by fiber diffraction: a nonconserved his122 contributes to coat protein stability.hibiscus latent singapore virus (hlsv) is a rigid rod-shaped plant virus and a new member of the tobamovirus family. unlike all other tobamoviruses, the hlsv genome contains a unique poly(a) tract in its 3' untranslated region. the virion is composed of a monomeric coat protein (cp) unit of 18 kda, arranged as a right-handed helix around the virus axis. we have determined the structure of hlsv at 3.5 å by x-ray fiber diffraction and refined it to an r-factor of 0.096. while the overall structure ...201021195089
root-shoot growth responses during interspecific competition quantified using allometric modelling.plant competition studies are restricted by the difficulty of quantifying root systems of competitors. analyses are usually limited to above-ground traits. here, a new approach to address this issue is reported.201020829193
platanus pollen allergen, pla a 1: quantification in the atmosphere and influence on a sensitizing population.the allergic response in susceptible patients does not always coincide with the presence and magnitude of airborne pollen counts. the prevalence of allergy to platanus is currently moderate, although the percentage of monosensitized patients is low. this hinders accurate interpretation of the relationship between the amount of pollen inhaled and the patient's symptoms.201020813013
sequestration of glucosinolates and iridoid glucosides in sawfly species of the genus athalia and their role in defense against ants.in this study, the larval sequestration abilities and defense effectiveness of four sawfly species of the genus athalia (hymenoptera: tenthredinidae) that feed as larvae either on members of the brassicaceae or plantaginaceae were investigated. brassicaceae are characterized by glucosinolates (glss), whereas plantaginaceae contain iridoid glucosides (igs) as characteristic secondary compounds. athalia rosae and a. liberta feed on members of the brassicaceae. larvae of a. rosae sequester aromatic ...201020127151
association of 'candidatus phytoplasma asteris' with yellowing and phyllody of plantago lanceolata.long plantains (plantago lanceolata l.) with symptoms resembling those associated with phytoplasma infection were observed repeatedly during the period 2000-2008 in southern bohemia (czech republic). the symptoms of the plants were leaf yellowing, stunted growth, flower phyllody and lack of seed production. transmission electron microscopy showed phytoplasmas in the sieve cells of affected plants but not in healthy ones. association of phytoplasmas with the disease was confirmed by polymerase ch ...200919937222
a generic method to identify plant viruses by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of their coat proteins.although a number of protocols have been developed for detection of viruses at the genus or family level, universal approaches to detect and identify unknown viruses are still required. high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify accurately peptide masses and their constituent sequences from partially purified plant virus preparations. analysis of the peptide fragment masses against a virus database using pattern-matching algorithms identified sequences with homology to known v ...201019712699
naturally-assisted metal phytoextraction by brassica carinata: role of root exudates.due to relatively high chelant dosages and potential environmental risks it is necessary to explore different approaches in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils. the present study focussed on the removal of metals (as, cd, cu, pb and zn) from a multiple metal-contaminated soil by growing brassica carinata plants in succession to spontaneous metallicolous populations of pinus pinaster, plantago lanceolata and silene paradoxa. the results showed that the growth of the metallicolous populati ...200919497650
glomus perpusillum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species of genus glomus, g. perpusillum (glomeromycota), forming small, hyaline spores is described and illustrated. spores of g. perpusillum were formed in hypogeous aggregates and occasionally inside roots. they are globose to subglobose, (10-)24(-30) microm diam, rarely egg-shaped, oblong to irregular, 18-25 x 25-63 microm. the single spore wall of g. perpusillum consists of two permanent layers: a finely laminate, semiflexible to rigid outer layer and a fl ...200919397199
immobilising of cd, pb, and zn contaminated arable soils close to a former pb/zn smelter: a field study in austria over 5 years.numerous smelter sites are surrounded by rural land. the entrance of non-essential metals such as lead or cadmium into the food chain is very likely as well as phytotoxicity effects of zinc. finding a realistic solution for these large-scale contaminations was one aim of this study. previous results from pot experiments showed a high potential for the reduction of metals entering the food chain via crops grown on smelter-contaminated soils from arnoldstein, austria, by the use of amendments for ...200919283493
impact of collimonas bacteria on community composition of soil fungi.the genus collimonas consists of soil bacteria that have the potential to grow at the expense of living fungal hyphae. however, the consequences of this mycophagous ability for soil fungi are unknown. here we report on the development of fungal communities after introduction of collimonads in a soil that had a low abundance of indigenous collimonads. development of fungal communities was stimulated by addition of cellulose or by introducing plants (plantago lanceolata). community composition of ...200919260938
plantago lanceolata and plantago rugelii extracts are toxic to meloidogyne incognita but not to certain microbes.extracts from the plants plantago lanceolata and p. rugelii were evaluated for toxicity to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, the beneficial microbes enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma virens, and the plant-pathogenic fungi fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, phytophthora capsici, pythium ultimum, and rhizoctonia solani. wild plants were collected, roots were excised from shoots, and the plant parts were dried and ground to a powder. one set of extracts (10% ...200619259537
extraction of antioxidants from plants using ultrasonic methods and their antioxidant capacity.the analytical method based on the hplc coupled with uv detection (hplc-uv) for the determination of selected antioxidants (i.e. esculetin, scopoletin, 7-hydroxycoumarine, rutin, xanthotoxin, 5-methoxypsoralen and quercetin) in plant material was developed. two ultrasonic extraction methods for the isolation of these compounds from the plants such as mentha longifolia l., mentha spicata l., ruta graveolens l., achyllea millefolium l., plantago lanceolata l. and coriandrum sativum l. were used. b ...200919072901
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can transfer substantial amounts of nitrogen to their host plant from organic material.nitrogen (n) capture by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi from organic material is a recently discovered phenomenon. this study investigated the ability of two glomus species to transfer n from organic material to host plants and examined whether the ability to capture n is related to fungal hyphal growth. experimental microcosms had two compartments; these contained either a single plant of plantago lanceolata inoculated with glomus hoi or glomus intraradices, or a patch of dried shoot material ...200918811615
intraspecific variation in plant defense alters effects of root herbivores on leaf chemistry and aboveground herbivore damage.root herbivores can indirectly affect aboveground herbivores by altering the food quality of the plant. however, it is largely unknown whether plant genotypes differ in their response to root herbivores, leading to variable defensive phenotypes. in this study, we investigated whether root-feeding insect larvae (agriotes sp. larvae, wireworms) induce different responses in plantago lanceolata plants from lines selected for low and high levels of iridoid glycosides (ig). in the absence of wireworm ...200818769970
broad spectrum bioactive sunscreens.the development of sunscreens containing reduced concentration of chemical uv filters, even though, possessing broad spectrum effectiveness with the use of natural raw materials that improve and infer uv absorption is of great interest. due to the structural similarities between polyphenolic compounds and organic uv filters, they might exert photoprotection activity. the objective of the present research work was to develop bioactive sunscreen delivery systems containing rutin, passiflora incarn ...200818662760
responses of whole body protein synthesis and degradation to plantain herb in sheep exposed to heat.an experiment including a [1-(13)c]leucine isotope dilution and a nitrogen balance were carried out to determine the effect of feeding plantain herb (plantago lanceolata l.) on whole body protein synthesis (wbps) and degradation in sheep kept at thermoneutral temperature (20 degrees c) or exposed to heat (30 degrees c). the animals were fed either mixed hay of orchardgrass and reed canarygrass (hay-diet) or hay-diet and plantain (9:1) (pl-diet) at maintenance level using a crossover design. nitr ...200818610537
allergy to laxative compound (plantago ovata seed) among health care professionals.the seeds of plantago ovata (psyllium, ispaghula) used in the manufacture of bulk laxatives are known to be the cause of occupational allergy (rhinitis, asthma) in health care and pharmaceutical workers.200818564629
interspecific variation in bulk tissue, fatty acid and monosaccharide delta(13)c values of leaves from a mesotrophic grassland plant community.the leaves of 37 grass, herb, shrub and tree species were collected from a mesotrophic grassland to assess natural variability in bulk, fatty acid and monosaccharide delta(13)c values of leaves from one plant community. the leaf tissue mean bulk delta(13)c value was -29.3 per thousand. no significant differences between tissue bulk delta(13)c values with life form were determined (p=0.40). on average, c(16:0), c(18:2) and c(18:3) constituted 89% of leaf tissue total fatty acids, whose delta(13)c ...200818539304
an investigation on the anticandidal activity of some traditional medicinal plants in turkey.methanol and chloroform extracts obtained from eight plant species belonging to six families, which were selected depending on their use in turkish folk medicine, including mentha longifolia l. (labiatae), mentha piperita l. hudson (labiatae), prongos ferulaceae (umbelliferae), galium verum l. (rubiaceae), salvia limbata c. a meyer (labiatae), artemisia austriaca jacq. (artemiceae), plantago lanceolata l. (plantaginaceae) and urtica dioica l. (urticaceae) were evaluated for their in vitro antica ...200918522697
diversity and infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils of the sichuan province of mainland china.knowledge about the presence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in a specific area is an essential first step for utilizing these fungi in any application. the community composition of amf in intensively managed agricultural soil in the sichuan province of southwest china currently is unknown. in one set of samples, amf were trapped in pot cultures from 40 fields growing legumes in the panxi region, southeast sichuan. in a second set of samples, the mpn method with four-fold dil ...200818224350
photorespiratory and respiratory decarboxylations in leaves of c3 plants under different co2 concentrations and irradiances.we used an advanced radiogasometric method to study the effects of short-term changes in co2 concentration ([co2]) on the rates and substrates of photorespiratory and respiratory decarboxylations under steady-state photosynthesis and in the dark. experiments were carried out on plantago lanceolata, poa trivialis, secale cereale, triticum aestivum, helianthus annuus and arabidopsis thaliana plants. rates of photorespiration and respiration measured at a low [co2] (40 micromol mol(-1)) were equal ...200717986155
antagonistic interactions between plant competition and insect herbivory.interspecific competition between plants and herbivory by specialized insects can have synergistic effects on the growth and performance of the attacked host plant. we tested the hypothesis that competition between plants may also negatively affect the performance of herbivores as well as their top-down effect on the host plant. in such a case, the combined effects of competition and herbivory may be less than expected from a simple multiplicative response. in other words, competition and herbiv ...200717601141
parasitic hymenoptera fauna on agromyzidae (diptera) colonizing weeds in ecological compensation areas in northern italian agroecosystems.parasitoids (hymenoptera) associated with agromyzid leafminers (diptera: agromyzidae) were studied in three rural farms located in northern italy. the parasitoids were reared from mined foliage of weeds growing in field margins. we reared 998 hymenoptera specimens, representing five families, 23 genera, and 53 species, from leafminers infesting weeds. eulophidae was the most abundant family (67.64%), followed by braconidae (28.86%), eucoilinae (1.40%), tetracampidae (1.40%), and pteromalidae (0. ...200717461050
in vivo treatment with the herbal phenylethanoid acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis.recently we demonstrated that in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) macrophage-oxidative burst activity is increased and nadph oxidase mrna is induced. the herbal phenylethanoid acteoside isolated from plantago lanceolata l. was shown to exhibit anti-oxidative potential. using the dextran sulphate sodium (dss)-induced colitis model, in this study we have assessed whether systemic application of acteoside affects colitis. colitis was induced by dss in balb/c mice. treatment with acteoside (120, 600 ...200717437425
antispasmodic activity of an extract from plantago lanceolata l. and some isolated compounds.an ethanolic spissum extract of the aerial parts of plantago lanceolata l. was examined for antispasmodic activity on isolated ileum and trachea of the guinea-pig. isolated constituents were investigated as well. the p. lanceolata extract inhibited the contractions of the guinea-pig ileum that were induced by various agonists such as acetylcholine (ach), histamine, potassium and barium ions. additionally the trachea contractions induced by barium ions were inhibited. the compounds luteolin, acte ...200717298877
medicinal plants used in kirklareli province (turkey).in this paper, 126 traditional medicinal plants from kirklareli province in turkey have been reported. one hundred and twenty six plant species belonging to 54 families and among them 100 species were wild and 26 species were cultivated plants. most used families were rosaceae, labiatae, compositae and the most used plants were cotinus coggyria, sambucus ebulus, achillea millefolium subsp. pannonica, hypericum perforatum, matricaria chamomilla var. recutita, melissa officinalis subsp. officinali ...200717257791
positive interactions between nitrogen-fixing legumes and four different neighbouring species in a biodiversity experiment.the importance of facilitative processes due to the presence of nitrogen-fixing legumes in temperate grasslands is a contentious issue in biodiversity experiments. despite a multitude of studies of fertilization effects of legumes on associated nonfixers in agricultural systems, we know little about the dynamics in more diverse systems. we hypothesised that the identity of target plant species (phytometers) and the diversity of neighbouring plant species would affect the magnitude of such positi ...200717048010
antioxidant activity of medicinal plant polysaccharides.eleven polysaccharides have been isolated from the leaves of arctium lappa var. herkules, aloe barbadensis, althaea officinalis var. robusta, plantago lanceolata var. libor, aerial parts and roots of rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii, stems of mahonia aquifolium, and peach-tree (prunus persica) gum exudates. the polysaccharides were investigated for their ability to inhibit peroxidation of soyabean lecithin liposomes by oh radicals. the highest inhibition was found with glucuronoxylans of a. of ...200616797146
evaluation of some plants used in turkish folk medicine against parasitic infections for their in vivo anthelmintic activity.ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from nine plant species from seven families selected depending on their use in turkish folk medicine, including citrillus lanatus (thunb.) matsum. (seed), jasminum fruticans l. (branches), juniperus drupacea labill. (fruits), juniperus nana l. (fruit and leaves), juniperus oxcycedrus l (fruit and leaves), mentha longifolia l. (herba), pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana (lamb.) richt. (fruits), plantago lanceolata l. (leaves), and zea mays l. (seed) were evaluated ...200616790330
construction of an infectious cdna clone of ribgrass mosaic virus shanghai isolate and its modification to express an epitope of mycobacterium tuberculosis.infectious cdna clones of the shanghai isolate of ribgrass mosaic virus (rmv) were produced by joining four overlapping cdna fragments and also in a single step by long template pcr. after inoculation of nicotiana glutinosa with either rna transcripts or the cdna under the control of the camv 35s promoter, plants developed typical symptoms, and viral coat protein could be detected in them by western blot analysis. however, compared to plants inoculated with purified viral rna, lesions were fewer ...200616596330
the phylogenetic structure of the cluster of tobamovirus species serologically related to ribgrass mosaic virus (rmv) and the sequence of streptocarpus flower break virus (sfbv).ribgrass mosaic virus (rmv), turnip vein-clearing virus (tvcv) and youcai mosaic virus (yomv; formerly designated as oilseed rape mosaic virus; ormv) belong to the genus tobamovirus and are arranged in one out of three subgroups because of their common host range, serological cross-reactivity and amino acid composition of their coat proteins. the recently defined species wasabi mottle virus (wmov) is closely related to the same subgroup. the distinction of the four species is difficult and the l ...200616328151
nucleotide sequence of a new isolate of ribgrass mosaic tobamovirus infecting impatiens new guinea.the complete nucleotide sequence of a tobamovirus isolated from impatiens new guinea was determined. the genome was 6302 nt long, and its genomic organisation was similar to those of other crucufer tobamoviruses. sequence comparisons with the corresponding sequences of other crucifer tobamoviruses revealed highest levels of identity with the ribgrass mosaic virus (shanghai isolate). a small open reading frame putatively encoding a 4.5-kda protein with a low degree of similarity to the orf6 of to ...200616292595
bacteria associated with spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi glomus geosporum and glomus constrictum.spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) glomus geosporum and glomus constrictum were harvested from single-spore-derived pot cultures with either plantago lanceolata or hieracium pilosella as host plants. pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the bacterial communities associated with the spores depended more on amf than host plant identity. the composition of the bacterial populations linked to the spores could be predominantly influenced by a specific spore ...200516269696
lupine inhalation induced asthma in a child.the ingestion of lupine seed flour has been reported as a cause of allergic reactions. there is some evidence of its allergenic potential after inhalation. an 8-year-old asthmatic child, who was allergic to peanut, was studied in our clinic with the suspicion of an adverse drug reaction due to salbutamol. he suffered an asthma attack while playing with his brother, who had been eating lupine seed as snack; surprisingly, the asthma attack worsened with salbutamol. the skin tests showed a positive ...200516176404
aeroallergens sensitization in an allergic paediatric population of cova da beira, portugal.cova da beira is an interior central region of portugal, with a population of 93,000 inhabitants. the first pollen counts performed in portugal revealed the highest values of the country in this area. the aim of this study was to assess the aeroallergens sensitization in an allergic population, according to the age groups. in a 5 year period (1995-2000) 1790 consecutive outpatients were observed for suspected allergic symptoms. we included in this study all the 557 paediatric (< or = 15 years ol ...200516045856
[the frequency of pollen allergy at the population of sarajevo region during the 2002 year].the frequency of pollen alergy in the sample of population of sarajevo region during the 2002 year has been investigated. the age and gender population has been different. for determination of allergy has been use of standard test carryed out in the respective laboratories of clinical center of university of sarajevo. the testing has been on the pollen of weed plant species and grass (graminejae) pollen. in the mixture of pollen weed plant species have been following plants: plantago lanceolata ...200516018386
antioxidant properties of some hydroalcoholic plant extracts with antiinflammatory activity.the hydroalcoholic extracts of calendula officinalis, hypericum perforatum, plantago lanceolata and glycyrrhiza glabra which exhibited different anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated for the possible mode of action by studying their antioxidant potential. in the present study we investigated if standardized hydroalcoholic extracts of plants such as calendula officinalis, hypericum perforatum, plantago lanceolata and glycyrrhiza glabra produced by hofigal stock company could modulate the re ...200316008145
vegetation pattern and heavy metal accumulation at a mine tailing at gyöngyösoroszi, hungary.vegetation at an abandoned heavy metal bearing mine tailing may have multifunctional roles such as modification of water balance, erosion control and landscape rehabilitation. research on the vegetation of mine tailings can provide useful information on tolerance, accumulation and translocation properties of species potentially applicable at moderately contaminated sites. analyses of the relationship between heavy metal content (pb, zn and cu) and vegetation in a mine tailing were carried out. t ...200515948607
[sensitization to castanea sativa pollen and pollinosis in northern extremadura (spain)].castanea sativa pollen allergy has generally been considered to be uncommon and clinically insignificant. in our geographical area (plasencia, cáceres, spain) castanea sativa pollen is a major pollen.200515946627
plantago lanceolata (english plantain) pollinosis in japan.the objective was to ascertain the prevalence of plantago lanceolata (english plantain) pollinosis in japan.200515885951
effects of quantitative variation in allelochemicals in plantago lanceolata on development of a generalist and a specialist herbivore and their endoparasitoids.studies in crop species show that the effect of plant allelochemicals is not necessarily restricted to herbivores, but can extend to (positive as well as negative) effects on performance at higher trophic levels, including the predators and parasitoids of herbivores. we examined how quantitative variation in allelochemicals (iridoid glycosides) in ribwort plantain, plantago lanceolata, affects the development of a specialist and a generalist herbivore and their respective specialist and generali ...200515856784
in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of pinus sylvestris and plantago lanceolata extracts: effect on inducible nos, cox-1, cox-2 and their products in j774a.1 murine macrophages.extracts of the plant species pinus sylvestris l. and plantago lanceolata l. have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain respiratory diseases, but little is known about their precise effects and mechanisms of action. in this study, we investigated the effect of these plant extracts on the production of nitric oxide (no) and prostaglandin e(2), no synthase (nos) type ii, cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) and cox-2 mrna expression in the murine macrophage cell line j774a.1. we found ...200515807995
hydroalcoholic plant extracts with anti-inflammatory activity.the aim of the present study was to investigate if standardized hydroalcoholic plant extracts such as calendula officinalis, hypericum perforatum, plantago lanceolata and glycyrrhiza glabra can suppress in cell-free systems the activities of 5-lipoxygenase (5-lo) and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), key enzymes in the formation of proinflammatory eicosanoids from arachidonic acid (aa). studies were undertaken to compare the above mentioned plant extracts to a known nsaid (nimesulide) in their ability t ...201515493372
does interspecific competition alter effects of early season ozone exposure on plants from wet grasslands? results of a three-year experiment in open-top chambers.chronic effects of ozone on wet grassland species early in the growing season might be altered by interspecific competition. individual plants of holcus lanatus, lychnis flos-cuculi, molinia caerulea and plantago lanceolata were grown in monocultures and in mixed cultures with agrostis capillaris. mesocosms were exposed to charcoal-filtered air plus 25 nl l(-1) ozone (cf+25), non-filtered air (nf), non-filtered air plus 25 nl l(-1) ozone (nf+25) and non-filtered air plus 50 nl l(-1) ozone (nf+50 ...200415234087
determination of acaulospora longula and glomus subgroup aa in plant roots from grassland using new primers against the large subunit ribosomal dna.molecular techniques have become increasingly important for the identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). in this work acaulospora longula and glomus mosseae have been detected in plant roots from pastures using specific nucleotide primers for the two species. part of the 5' end of the large subunit of the ribosomal rna gene was amplified by nested pcr and sequenced. the distribution of the fungi within three different plant species, plantago lanceolata, trifolium repens, and holcus ...200415035508
analysis of serpentinophytes from north-east of portugal for trace metal accumulation--relevance to the management of mine environment.in north-east of portugal, the serpentinized area is about 8000 ha with a characteristic geology and flora. the serpentine plant community and respective soils were analyzed to examine the trace metal budget in different tissues of the plants exhibiting resistance to trace metals. one hundred and thirty five plant species belonging to 39 families and respective soils have been analyzed for total co, cr, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn. substantial amounts of ni, cr, co and mn were detected in plant ti ...200414675842
chemical stimulants of leaf-trenching by cabbage loopers: natural products, neurotransmitters, insecticides, and drugs.larvae of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae), often transect leaves with a narrow trench before eating the distal section. the trench reduces larval exposure to exudates, such as latex, during feeding. plant species that do not emit exudate, such as plantago lanceolata, are not trenched. however, if exudate is applied to a looper's mouth during feeding on p. lanceolata, the larva will often stop and cut a trench. dissolved chemicals can be similarly applied and tested f ...200314584674
responses of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal erica cinerea and vaccinium macrocarpon to glomus mosseae.an investigation was carried out on the mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of two members of the ericaceae in close proximity to an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) association. this was undertaken by separating mycorrhizal (em) and non-mycorrhizal (nem) erica cinerea and vaccinium macrocarpon from am (inoculated by glomus mosseae) and non-mycorrhizal (nam) plantago lanceolata using a 30 micro m nylon mesh in a sand culture/pot system. ericoid mycorrhizal colonisation by hymenoscyphus eri ...200414574619
n capture by plantago lanceolata and brassica napus from organic material: the influence of spatial dispersion, plant competition and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.this study investigated n capture by plantago lanceolata l. and brassica napus l. from complex organic material (dual-labelled with 15n/13c) added either as a thin concentrated layer (discrete patch treatment) or dispersed uniformly with the background sand:soil mix in a 10 cm band (dispersed treatment) when grown in monoculture or in interspecific competition and in the presence or absence of a mycorrhizal inoculum (glomus mosseae). no 13c enrichments from the organic material were detected in ...200314504301
[on a mosaic on plantago lanceolata l. and its relation to the digitalis mosaic]. 196314203622
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