Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| previous usutu virus exposure partially protects magpies (pica pica) against west nile virus disease but does not prevent horizontal transmission. | the mosquito-borne flaviviruses usuv and wnv are known to co-circulate in large parts of europe. both are a public health concern, and usuv has been the cause of epizootics in both wild and domestic birds, and neurological cases in humans in europe. here, we explore the susceptibility of magpies to experimental usuv infection, and how previous exposure to usuv would affect infection with wnv. none of the magpies exposed to usuv showed clinical signs, viremia, or detectable neutralizing antibodie ... | 2021 | 34372622 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of viil sub-genotype of avian orthoavulavirus 1 isolated from eurasian magpie (pica pica). | newcastle disease (nd) has been categorized as a highly contagious viral disease, remaining as a constant threat to both wild birds and commercial chickens. | 2021 | 34306115 |
| epidemiology and evolution of novel deltacoronaviruses in birds in central china. | the variety and widespread of coronavirus in natural reservoir animals is likely to cause epidemics via interspecific transmission, which has attracted much attention due to frequent coronavirus epidemics in recent decades. birds are natural reservoir of various viruses, but the existence of coronaviruses in wild birds in central china has been barely studied. some bird coronaviruses belong to the genus of deltacoronavirus. to explore the diversity of bird deltacoronaviruses in central china, we ... | 2021 | 33559368 |
| potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds. | recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. this phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. the aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) between wild birds and domestic poultry. to this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four specie ... | 2020 | 32970296 |
| revisiting an old question: which predators eat eggs of ground-nesting birds in farmland landscapes? | nest predation is a major cause of reproductive failure in birds, but predator identity often remains unknown. additionally, although corvids are considered major nest predators in farmland landscapes, whether breeders or floaters are involved remains contentious. in this study, we aimed to identify nest predators using artificial nests, and test whether territorial or non-breeders carrion crow (corvus corone) and eurasian magpie (pica pica) were most likely involved. we set up an experiment wit ... | 2020 | 32721676 |
| the gut microbiota of brood parasite and host nestlings reared within the same environment: disentangling genetic and environmental effects. | gut microbiota are essential for host health and survival, but we are still far from understanding the processes involved in shaping their composition and evolution. controlled experimental work under lab conditions as well as human studies pointed at environmental factors (i.e., diet) as the main determinant of the microbiota with little evidence of genetic effects, while comparative interspecific studies detected significant phylogenetic effects. different species, however, also differ in diet ... | 2020 | 32681160 |
| any despot at my table? competition among native and introduced bird species at garden birdfeeders in winter. | garden bird feeding constitutes a massive provision of food that can support bird communities, but there is a growing concern it might favour the establishment of exotic species that could be detrimental to others. how bird species compete with novel species for this anthropogenic food resources needs to be assessed. here, we investigated competition in wintering bird communities at garden birdfeeders. we evaluated whether - and how much - bird access to resources is hampered by the presence of ... | 2020 | 32475721 |
| replication of the mirror mark test experiment in the magpie (pica pica) does not provide evidence of self-recognition. | self-recognition in animals is demonstrated when individuals pass the mark test. formerly, it was thought that self-recognition was restricted to humans, great apes, and certain mammals with large brains and highly evolved social cognition. however, 1 study showed that 2 out of 5 magpies (pica pica) passed the mark test, suggesting that magpies have a similar level of cognitive abilities to great apes. the scientific advancement depends on confidence in published science, and this confidence can ... | 2020 | 32406720 |
| epidemiologic survey on toxoplasma gondii and trichinella pseudospiralis infection in corvids from central italy. | free-ranging corvids-678 magpies (pica pica) and 120 hooded crows (corvus cornix) from nine protected areas of the pisa province (central italy)-were examined for toxoplasma gondii and trichinella pseudospiralis. the intracardiac blood clots from 651 magpies and 120 hooded crows were serologically examined for t. gondii. the dna extracted from the hearts of seropositive birds was then used to perform a nested pcr for the amplification of the t. gondii b1 gene and for genotyping for sag genetic m ... | 2020 | 32365814 |
| age-related brood parasitism and egg rejection in magpie hosts. | when the strength or nature of a host-parasite interaction changes over the host life cycle, the consequences of parasitism can depend on host population age structure. avian brood parasites reduce hosts' breeding success, and host age may play a role in this interaction if younger hosts are more likely parasitized and/or less able to defend themselves. we analyzed whether the age of female magpie (pica pica) hosts is associated with parasite attack or their ability to reject foreign eggs. we re ... | 2020 | 32364781 |
| reimplantation bypass using one limb of a double-origin posterior inferior cerebellar artery for treatment of a ruptured fusiform aneurysm: case report. | posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) aneurysms are uncommon, and aneurysms associated with anatomical pica variants are even rarer. although often treated endovascularly, aneurysms associated with anatomical pica variants may not be suitable for endovascular intervention because of the risk of compromise of brainstem perforators and may be more amenable to open techniques. this case report describes the successful treatment of an aneurysm associated with a double-origin pica (dopica) by d ... | 2020 | 32101617 |
| an interdisciplinary and catchment approach to enhancing urban flood resilience: a melbourne case. | this paper presents a novel interdisciplinary and catchment-based approach for exploring urban flood resilience. our research identified and developed a diverse set of adaptation measures for elwood, a suburb in melbourne, australia, that is vulnerable to pluvial and coastal flooding. we drew on methods from social science, urban design and environmental engineering to gain integrated insights into the opportunities for elwood to increase its flood resilience and urban liveability. results showe ... | 2020 | 32063172 |
| are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans? | enteric illnesses remain the second largest source of communicable diseases worldwide, and wild birds are suspected sources for human infection. this has led to efforts to reduce pathogen spillover through deterrence of wildlife and removal of wildlife habitat, particularly within farming systems, which can compromise conservation efforts and the ecosystem services wild birds provide. further, salmonella spp. are a significant cause of avian mortality, leading to additional conservation concerns ... | 2020 | 32003106 |
| individual exploratory responses are not repeatable across time or context for four species of food-storing corvid. | exploration is among one of the most studied of animal personality traits (i.e., individual-level behavioural responses repeatable across time and contexts). however, not all species show clear evidence of this personality trait, and this is particularly so for members of the corvidae family. we assessed the exploratory behaviour of four food-caching corvid species: pinyon jays (gymnorhinus cyanocephalus), clark's nutcrackers (nucifraga columbiana), california scrub jays (aphelocoma californica) ... | 2020 | 31941921 |
| breeding habitat and nest-site selection by an obligatory "nest-cleptoparasite", the amur falcon falco amurensis. | the selection of a nest site is crucial for successful reproduction of birds. animals which re-use or occupy nest sites constructed by other species often have limited choice. little is known about the criteria of nest-stealing species to choose suitable nesting sites and habitats. here, we analyze breeding-site selection of an obligatory "nest-cleptoparasite", the amur falcon falco amurensis. we collected data on nest sites at muraviovka park in the russian far east, where the species breeds ex ... | 2019 | 31938530 |
| crows (corvus corone ssp.) check contingency in a mirror yet fail the mirror-mark test. | mirror reflections can elicit various behavioral responses ranging from social behavior, which suggests that an animal treats its own reflection as a conspecific, to mirror-guided self-directed behaviors, which appears to be an indication for mirror self-recognition (msr). msr is scarcely spread in the animal kingdom. until recently, only great apes, dolphins, and elephants had successfully passed this test. the range of convergence was, however, expanded by an avian species, the eurasian magpie ... | 2020 | 31589059 |
| usefulness of eurasian magpies (pica pica) for west nile virus surveillance in non-endemic and endemic situations. | : in september 2017, passive surveillance allowed the detection of west nile virus (wnv) lineage 2 for the first time in northern spain in a northern goshawk (accipiter gentilis). however, a cross sectional study carried out in eurasian magpies (pica pica) in a nearby area evidenced that wnv had been circulating two months earlier. therefore, active surveillance in eurasian magpies proved its effectiveness for the early detection of wnv in a non-endemic area. further surveys in 2018 and the begi ... | 2019 | 31387316 |
| self-service traps inspected by avian and terrestrial predators as a management option for rodents. | worldwide, serval rodent species are major pests in agricultural landscapes. a vole-specific tub-trap combining trapping and natural predators was developed to minimize the migration of rodents into agricultural crops. the trap was tested in enclosures in terms of its trapability of common voles (microtus arvalis pallas) and in the field regarding predator access and removal of voles, both in comparison to a commercially available self-service trap (standby-box). | 2020 | 31287221 |
| vertebral artery dissection associated with pica aneurysm: pica-pica bypass technique. | 2019 | 31280900 | |
| a recombinant subviral particle-based vaccine protects magpie (pica pica) against west nile virus infection. | the mosquito-borne west nile virus (wnv) is a highly neurovirulent flavivirus currently representing an emergent zoonotic concern. wnv cycles in nature between mosquito vectors and birds that act as amplifier hosts and play an essential role in virus ecology, being, thus, wnv a threat to many species. availability of an efficient avian vaccine would benefit certain avian populations, both birds grown for hunting and restocking activities, as well as endangered species in captive breeding project ... | 2019 | 31231320 |
| posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) reanastomosis after excision of a ruptured p2-pica aneurysm: 2-dimensional operative video. | posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) aneurysms have an increased tendency towards a fusiform morphology precluding primary clip reconstruction. the management of these complex aneurysms might require cerebral revascularization to preserve flow in a distal pica territory. this video illustrates a case of a ruptured p2-pica aneurysm excision followed by a pica reanastomosis. a 54-yr-old male presented with a sudden-onset severe headache, diplopia, and complete left cranial nerve six (cn vi) ... | 2020 | 31214705 |
| transcriptome analysis revealed potential mechanisms of differences in physiological stress responses between caged male and female magpies. | under caged conditions, birds are affected more severely by environmental stressors such as dietary structure, activity space, human disturbances, and pathogens, which may be reflected in the gene expression in peripheral blood or other tissues. elucidating the molecular mechanism of these stress responses will help improve animal welfare. | 2019 | 31159743 |
| fusiform vertebral artery aneurysms involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin associated with the sole angiographic anterior spinal artery origin: technical case report and treatment paradigm proposal. | fusiform aneurysms of the vertebral artery (va) involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) origin are uncommon and challenging. the anterior spinal artery (asa) commonly originates from a unilateral ramus just distal to the pica. occlusion of an unpaired asa can result in bilateral medial medullary syndrome. the authors propose a treatment paradigm for asa preservation based on the artery's proximity to fusiform va aneurysms, and they present 3 representative cases. in the first c ... | 2018 | 30485231 |
| far lateral craniotomy for posterior inferior cerebellar artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass and trapping of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm: 3-dimensional operative video. | posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) aneurysms account for 3% to 4% of all intracranial aneurysms with an unusually high predilection towards a nonsaccular morphology making microsurgical clipping or endovascular reconstruction of the parent artery difficult. the management of these complicated aneurysms may require revascularization procedures for flow preservation with aneurysm trapping. recently, there is an increasing inclination towards intracranial-intracranial (ic-ic) bypasses over ... | 2019 | 30099556 |
| gut microbiota of great spotted cuckoo nestlings is a mixture of those of their foster magpie siblings and of cuckoo adults. | diet and host genetic or evolutionary history are considered the two main factors determining gut microbiota of animals, although studies are scarce in natural populations. the system of great spotted cuckoos (clamatorglandarius) parasitizing magpies (pica pica) is ideal to study both effects since magpie adults feed cuckoo and magpie nestlings with the same diet and, consequently, differences in gut microbiota of nestlings of these two species will mainly reflect the importance of genetic compo ... | 2018 | 30060541 |
| intraoperative assessment of cortical perfusion after intracranial-to-intracranial and extracranial-to-intracranial bypass for complex cerebral aneurysms using flow 800. | revascularization strategies for complex cerebral aneurysms are largely based on subjective interpretation of flow demands, or indirect measures of perfusion in at-risk territories. indocyanine green -based flow analyses ((icg-bfa); flow 800, carl zeiss, oberkochen, germany) provide a real-time, semiquantitative measure of intraoperative cortical perfusion during cerebral bypass surgery for complex aneurysms. | 2019 | 29897545 |
| neophobia does not account for motoric self-regulation performance as measured during the detour-reaching cylinder task. | the ability to restrain a prepotent response in favor of a more adaptive behavior, or to exert inhibitory control, has been used as a measure of a species' cognitive abilities. inhibitory control defines a spectrum of behaviors varying in complexity, ranging from self-control to motoric self-regulation. several factors underlying inhibitory control have been identified, however, the influence of neophobia (i.e., aversion to novelty) on inhibitory control has not received much attention. neophobi ... | 2018 | 29774435 |
| the in situ side-to-side bypass technique: a comprehensive review of the technical characteristics, current anastomosis approaches, and surgical experience. | in situ side-to-side (sts) revascularization is an intracranial-intracranial bypass technique that is increasingly used to treat complex aneurysms and cerebral ischemia. this sophisticated technique involves connecting 2 proximal parallel vessels to create an artificial conduit for blood flow. this study aims to provide a detailed description of the configuration of the sts bypass technique and extensive information regarding its technical characteristics, current anastomosis approaches, and sur ... | 2018 | 29729474 |
| tissue distribution and oral exposure risk assessment of heavy metals in an urban bird: magpie from central iran. | direct ingestion of soil and/or soil attached to the food items is a potential rout for wildlife exposure to contaminants. in this study, bioaccumulation of five heavy metals (hms) in internal tissues of an urban bird (pica pica) collected from aran-o-bidgol city, central iran and their related soil were investigated. a total of 15 magpie specimens were collected in autumn 2013 and then their internal tissues were digested using a mixture of hno3 and h2o2, and finally, concentrations of hms were ... | 2018 | 29644612 |
| high susceptibility of magpie (pica pica) to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 west nile virus. | west nile virus (wnv), a zoonotic pathogen naturally transmitted by mosquitoes whose natural hosts are birds, has spread worldwide during the last few decades. resident birds play an important role in flavivirus epidemiology, since they can serve as reservoirs and facilitate overwintering of the virus. herein, we report the first experimental infection of magpie (pica pica) with two strains of west nile virus, lineages 1 (ny-99) and 2 (srb novi-sad/12), which are currently circulating in europe. ... | 2018 | 29634743 |
| interactions between cleaner-birds and ungulates are personality dependent. | while a growing body of literature explores the ecological implications of consistent individual variation in the behaviour of wildlife, few studies have looked at the reciprocal influences of personality within interspecific interactions, despite the potentially significant impacts on biodiversity. here i used two species involved in cleaner-bird behaviour-black-billed magpies (pica pica) and rocky mountain elk (cervus canadensis)-to show that the exhibition of mutualistic behaviour can depend ... | 2017 | 29187607 |
| arsenic concentrations and speciation in wild birds from an abandoned realgar mine in china. | birds are at a higher level in the food chain; however, the potential bioaccumulation and biotransformation of arsenic (as) in birds in as mines has rarely been studied. in this study, four passerine bird species (tree sparrow [passer montanus], light-vented bulbul [pycnonotus sinensis], garrulax canorus [leucodioptron canorus], and magpie [pica pica]) were collected from an abandoned as mine in china. the highest recorded as concentrations were 4.95 mg/kg and 51.65 mg/kg in muscles and feathers ... | 2018 | 29175405 |
| decision making in surgery for nonsaccular posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms with special reference to intraoperative assessment of collateral blood flow and neurophysiological function. | posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) aneurysms represent a challenging pathology. pica sacrifice is often necessary, due to the high proportion of nonsaccular aneurysms that can be found in this location. several treatments are available, but the infrequency of these aneurysms and the increasing number of endovascular techniques have limited the development of a standardized algorithm for cases in which open surgery is indicated. | 2018 | 28973400 |
| microbial abundance on the eggs of a passerine bird and related fitness consequences between urban and rural habitats. | urban environments present novel and challenging habitats to wildlife. in addition to well-known difference in abiotic factors between rural and urban environments, the biotic environment, including microbial fauna, may also differ significantly. in this study, we aimed to compare the change in microbial abundance on eggshells during incubation between urban and rural populations of a passerine bird, the eurasian magpie (pica pica), and examine the consequences of any differences in microbial ab ... | 2017 | 28953940 |
| carrion crows (corvus corone) of southwest germany: important hosts for haemosporidian parasites. | avian malaria parasites (plasmodium spp.) and other haemosporida (haemoproteus and leucocytozoon spp.) form a diverse group of vector-transmitted blood parasites that are abundant in many bird families. recent studies have suggested that corvids may be an important host for plasmodium spp. and leucocytozoon spp. | 2017 | 28899382 |
| accuracy estimation of an indirect elisa for the detection of west nile virus antibodies in wild birds using a latent class model. | west nile virus (wnv) and usutu virus (usuv), genus flavivirus, are members of the japanese encephalitis virus antigenic complex, and are maintained primarily in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and birds. wnv is zoonotic, and poses a threat to public health, especially in relation to blood transfusion. serosurveillance of wild birds is suitable for early detection of wnv circulation, although concerns remain to be addressed as regards i) the type of test used, whether elisa, virus neutraliz ... | 2017 | 28756236 |
| ecological role of vertebrate scavengers in urban ecosystems in the uk. | recent research has demonstrated how scavenging, the act of consuming dead animals, plays a key role in ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability. a growing number of studies suggest that vertebrate scavengers also provide key ecosystem services, the benefits humans gain from the natural world, particularly in the removal of carcasses from the environment. an increasing proportion of the human population is now residing in cities and towns, many of which, despite being highly altered envir ... | 2016 | 28725378 |
| an experimental test of host's life history traits modulation in response to cuckoo parasitism risk. | hosts can counteract parasites through defences based on resistance and/or tolerance. the mechanistic basis of tolerance, which involve defensive mechanisms minimizing parasite damage after a successful parasitic attack, remains poorly explored in the study of cuckoo-host interactions. here, we experimentally explore the possibility that the risk of great spotted cuckoo clamator glandarius parasitism may induce tolerance defences in magpie pica pica hosts through plasticity in life-history trait ... | 2017 | 28658287 |
| deep phylogeographic breaks in magpie pica pica across the holarctic: concordance with bioacoustics and phenotypes. | we examined sequences of the mitochondrial control region in magpies (pica pica) from the entire distribution range and found deep genetic splits into four major lineages: (1) group west (europe-siberia), (2) group east (southern far east), (3) p. p. mauritanica (north africa), and (4) p. p. hudsonia (north america). these lineages show a geographic pattern corresponding to known subspecies or subspecies groups. genetic variation within the widely-distributed group west is low and neutrality tes ... | 2017 | 28589845 |
| genetic and geographic variation in rejection behavior of cuckoo eggs by european magpie populations: an experimental test of rejecter-gene flow. | host responses toward brood parasitism have been shown to differ among populations depending on the duration of sympatry between host and parasite, although populations not currently parasitized show rejection behavior against parasitic eggs. the persistence of rejection behavior in unparasitized host populations and rapid increases of rejection rate in parasitized ones have sometimes been explained as the result of gene flow of rejecter genes from sympatry to allopatry (rejecter-gene flow hypot ... | 1999 | 28565625 |
| comparative population structure and gene flow of a brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo (clamator glandarius), and its primary host, the magpie (pica pica). | the amount of gene flow is an important determinant of population structure and therefore of central importance for understanding coevolutionary processes. we used microsatellite markers to estimate population structure and gene flow rates of the great spotted cuckoo (clamator glandarius) and its main host in europe, the magpie (pica pica), in a number of populations (seven and 15, respectively) across their distribution range in europe. the genetic analysis shows that there exists a pattern of ... | 1999 | 28565191 |
| magpie host manipulation by great spotted cuckoos: evidence for an avian mafia? | why should the hosts of brood parasites accept and raise parasitic offspring that differ dramatically in appearance from their own? there are two solutions to this evolutionary enigma. (1) hosts may not yet have evolved the capability to discriminate against the parasite, or (2) parasite-host systems have reached an evolutionary equilibrium. avian brood parasites may either gain renesting opportunities or force their hosts to raise parasitic offspring by destroying or preying upon host eggs or n ... | 1995 | 28565143 |
| brood-parasite interactions between great spotted cuckoos and magpies: a model system for studying coevolutionary relationships. | brood parasitism is one of the systems where coevolutionary processes have received the most research. here, we review experiments that suggest a coevolutionary process between the great spotted cuckoo (clamator glandarius) and its magpie (pica pica) host. we focus on different stages of establishment of the relationship, from cuckoos selecting individual hosts and hosts defending their nests from adult cuckoos, to the ability of magpies to detect cuckoo eggs in their nests. novel coevolutionary ... | 2000 | 28547325 |
| management of a ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) aneurysm with pica-pica in situ bypass and trapping: 3-dimensional operative video. | 2017 | 28521356 | |
| risk assessment of hemorrhage of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms in posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations. | posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (avms) are associated with increased risk of rupture and severe consequences from such rupture. the hemorrhagic risk of prenidal aneurysms (anr) on the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) may exceed that of the avm in posterior fossa avms fed by pica (pica-avm). | 2017 | 28520943 |
| stress induced by heavy metals on breeding of magpie (pica pica) from central iran. | the aim of this study was to address the impacts of some heavy metals (cd, pb, zn, ni and cu) contamination on laying behavior, egg quality and breeding performance of pica pica in north of isfahan province, iran. during the breeding season of 2013, magpie's egg content and eggshell as well as nestling excrements and feathers were collected and total concentrations of heavy metals were measured by icp-oes. except for zn in nestling feathers, the significantly higher concentrations of heavy metal ... | 2017 | 28499128 |
| pica practices among apparently healthy women and their young children in ghana. | pica is an increased appetite/craving for food or non-food substances like clay, and chalk, and is strongly associated with iron deficiency (id) anemia. this study assessed pica practices among non-pregnant mothers and their children, 12-to-59 months, in an anaemia endemic population in ghana. | 2017 | 28442334 |
| great spotted cuckoo nestlings have no antipredatory effect on magpie or carrion crow host nests in southern spain. | host defences against cuckoo parasitism and cuckoo trickeries to overcome them are a classic example of antagonistic coevolution. recently it has been reported that this relationship may turn to be mutualistic in the case of the carrion crow (corvus corone) and its brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo (clamator glandarius), given that experimentally and naturally parasitized nests were depredated at a lower rate than non-parasitized nests. this result was interpreted as a consequence of the ... | 2017 | 28422953 |
| growth and sex ratio of nestlings in two species of crows: how important is hatching asynchrony? | in experimental studies of avian hatching paterns offspring sex has been neglected. this may be a problem if nestling growth and mortality is sex biased, and if this bias is influenced by hatching spread. in a field study of two crow species, the magpie pica pica and the hooded crow corvus corone cornix, we manipulated hatching spread. both species have asynchronous hatching, and adult males are larger than females by 12-14%. the sex ratios obtained from the different experimental groups on day ... | 1992 | 28312269 |
| micro-evolutionary change and population dynamics of a brood parasite and its primary host: the intermittent arms race hypothesis. | a long-term study of the interactions between a brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo clamator glandarius, and its primary host the magpie pica pica, demonstrated local changes in the distribution of both magpies and cuckoos and a rapid increase of rejection of both mimetic and non-mimetic model eggs by the host. in rich areas, magpies improved three of their defensive mechanisms: nest density and breeding synchrony increased dramatically and rejection rate of cuckoo eggs increased more slowl ... | 1998 | 28307917 |
| effective nut dispersal by magpies (pica pica l.) in a mediterranean agroecosystem. | scatter-hoarding animals such as corvids play a crucial role in the dispersal of nut-producing tree species. this interaction is well known for some corvids, but remains elusive for other species such as the magpie (pica pica), an abundant corvid in agroecosystems and open landscapes of the palearctic region. in addition, the establishment of the individual dispersed seeds-a prerequisite for determining seed-dispersal effectiveness-has never before been documented for the interaction between cor ... | 2017 | 28303393 |
| corvids outperform pigeons and primates in learning a basic concept. | corvids (birds of the family corvidae) display intelligent behavior previously ascribed only to primates, but such feats are not directly comparable across species. to make direct species comparisons, we used a same/different task in the laboratory to assess abstract-concept learning in black-billed magpies ( pica hudsonia). concept learning was tested with novel pictures after training. concept learning improved with training-set size, and test accuracy eventually matched training accuracy-full ... | 2017 | 28151701 |
| abstract-concept learning in black-billed magpies (pica hudsonia). | relational concepts depend upon relationships between stimuli (e.g., same vs. different) and transcend features of the training stimuli. recent evidence shows that learning abstract concepts is shared across a variety species including birds. our recent work with a highly-skilled food-storing bird, clark's nutcracker, revealed superior same/different abstract-concept learning compared to rhesus monkeys, capuchin monkeys, and pigeons. here we test a more social, but less reliant on food-storing, ... | 2017 | 27503195 |
| facing a clever predator demands clever responses - red-backed shrikes (lanius collurio) vs. eurasian magpies (pica pica). | red-backed shrikes (lanius collurio) behave quite differently towards two common nest predators. while the european jay (garrulus glandarius) is commonly attacked, in the presence of the eurasian magpie (pica pica), shrikes stay fully passive. we tested the hypotheses that this passive response to the magpie is an alternative defense strategy. nesting shrikes were exposed to the commonly attacked european kestrel (falco tinnunculus) in a situation in which i) a harmless domestic pigeon, ii) a co ... | 2016 | 27454122 |
| human foramen magnum area and posterior cranial fossa volume growth in relation to cranial base synchondrosis closure in the course of child development. | to date, no study has compared the evolution of the foramen magnum area (fma) and the posterior cranial fossa volume (pcfv) with the degree of cranial base synchondrosis ossification. | 2016 | 27341342 |
| perfluoroalkyl acids in aqueous samples from germany and kenya. | continuous monitoring of chemicals in the environment is important to control their fate and to protect human health, flora, and fauna. perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) have been detected frequently in different environmental compartments during the last 15 years and have drawn much attention because of their environmental persistence, omnipresence, and bioaccumulation potential. water is an important source of their transport. in the present study, distributions of pfaas in river water, wastewater ... | 2017 | 27335016 |
| thermal emissivity of avian eggshells. | the hypothesis has been tested that evolution has resulted in lower thermal emissivity of eggs of birds breeding openly in cold climates than of eggs of birds that nest under protective covering or in warmer climates. directional thermal emissivity has been estimated from directional-hemispherical reflectance spectra. due to several methodological difficulties the absolute emissivity is not accurately determined, but differences between species are obvious. most notably, small waders of the genu ... | 2016 | 27033033 |
| concentrations of metals in feathers of magpie (pica pica) from aran-o-bidgol city in central iran. | the present study aims to measure zn, cu, pb and cd concentrations in feathers of magpies in urban areas to investigate the possibility of using magpies to monitor metal contamination in urban areas. a total of 15 bird samples were collected in october 2013 from aran-o-bidgol city, in central iran and the concentration of metals were measured using a perkinelmer icp-oes. the average concentrations of zn, cu, pb and cd in the feathers were 167.16, 26.74, 9.29 and 1.583 µg/g dw, respectively. ther ... | 2016 | 26781634 |
| generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to avian influenza h5n1 hemagglutinin protein. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has in the past breached the species barrier from infected domestic poultry to humans in close contact. although human-to-human transmission has previously not been reported, hpai h5n1 virus has pandemic potential owing to gain of function mutation(s) and/or genetic reassortment with human influenza a viruses. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been used for diagnosis as well as specific therapeutic candidates in several disease conditions inclu ... | 2015 | 26683184 |
| tailored pica revascularization for unusual ruptured fusiform vertebro-pica origin aneurysms: rationale and case illustrations. | ruptured fusiform aneurysms of the vertebral artery involving posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) origin are difficult to manage without sacrificing pica. in this report, two very unusual cases are described which highlight different revascularization strategies that may be required. the first case initially appeared to be a small saccular pica origin aneurysm, but detailed angiography showed a serpentine recanalization of a fusiform aneurysm. this was treated with pica-pica anastomosis ... | 2015 | 26623241 |
| intracranial-to-intracranial bypass for posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: options, technical challenges, and results in 35 patients. | object intracranial-to-intracranial (ic-ic) bypasses are alternatives to traditional extracranial-to-intracranial (ec-ic) bypasses to reanastomose parent arteries, reimplant efferent branches, revascularize branches with in situ donor arteries, and reconstruct bifurcations with interposition grafts that are entirely intracranial. these bypasses represent an evolution in bypass surgery from using scalp arteries and remote donor sites toward a more local and reconstructive approach. ic-ic bypass c ... | 2016 | 26566199 |
| telomere dynamics in parasitic great spotted cuckoos and their magpie hosts. | although little is known on the impact of environment on telomere length dynamics, it has been suggested to be affected by stress, lifestyle and/or life-history strategies of animals. we here compared telomere dynamics in erythrocytes of hatchlings and fledglings of the brood parasite great spotted cuckoos (clamator glandarius) and of magpies (pica pica), their main host in europe. in magpie chicks, telomere length decreased from hatching to fledging, whereas no significant change in telomere le ... | 2015 | 26109322 |
| laying date, incubation and egg breakage as determinants of bacterial load on bird eggshells: experimental evidence. | exploring factors guiding interactions of bacterial communities with animals has become of primary importance for ecologists and evolutionary biologists during the last years because of their likely central role in the evolution of animal life history traits. we explored the association between laying date and eggshell bacterial load (mesophilic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, and enterococci) in natural and artificial magpie (pica pica) nests containing fresh commercial quail (cotu ... | 2015 | 25912895 |
| on the partiality of procreative beneficence: a critical note. | the aim of this paper is to criticise the well-discussed principle of procreative beneficence (pb) lately refined by julian savulescu and guy kahane. first, it is argued that advocates of pb leave us with an implausible justification for the moral partiality towards the child (or children) which reproducers decide to bring into existence as compared with all other individuals. this is implausible because the reasons given in favour of the partiality of pb, which are based on practical reason and ... | 2015 | 25907895 |
| understanding west nile virus ecology in europe: culex pipiens host feeding preference in a hotspot of virus emergence. | understanding wildlife disease ecology is becoming an urgent need due to the continuous emergence and spread of several wildlife zoonotic diseases. west nile virus (wnv) is the most widespread arthropod-borne virus in the world, and in recent decades there has been an increase both in geographic range, and in the frequency of symptomatic infections in humans and wildlife. the principal vector for wnv in europe is the common house culex pipiens mosquito, which feeds on a wide variety of vertebrat ... | 2015 | 25888754 |
| mortality associated with avian reovirus infection in a free-living magpie (pica pica) in great britain. | avian reoviruses (arvs) cause a range of disease presentations in domestic, captive and free-living bird species. arvs have been reported as a cause of significant disease and mortality in free-living corvid species in north america and continental europe. until this report, there have been no confirmed cases of arv-associated disease in british wild birds. | 2015 | 25880683 |
| host preferences of ornithophilic biting midges of the genus culicoides in the eastern balkans. | many biting midges of the genus culicoides latreille, 1809 (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are competent vectors of a diverse number of pathogens. the identification of their feeding behaviour and of vector-host associations is essential for understanding their transmission capacity. by applying two different nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, of which one targeted the avian cyt b gene and the other targeted the coi gene of a wide range of vertebrates, we identified the blood hosts of six ... | 2015 | 25689114 |
| occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in wild birds in galicia (northwest spain). | faecal samples were obtained from 433 wild birds being treated in wildlife recovery centres in galicia (northwest spain), between february 2007 and september 2009. the birds belonged to 64 species representing 17 different orders. giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by an immunofluorescence antibody test and identified at the molecular level by established pcr-sequencing methods. the overall prevalence of giardia was 2·1% and that of cryptosporidium, 8·3%. to our knowledge, t ... | 2015 | 25669618 |
| combined microsurgical pica-pica bypass and endovascular parent artery occlusion for a ruptured dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm. | dissecting vertebral artery (va) aneurysms are difficult to obliterate when the parent artery cannot be safely occluded. in this video, we demonstrate a combined microsurgical and endovascular treatment technique for a ruptured, dissecting va aneurysm incorporating the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica). we first performed a pica-pica side-to-side bypass to preserve flow through the right pica. an endovascular approach was then utilized to embolize the proximal portion of ... | 2015 | 25554844 |
| a transitional model for the evaluation of west nile virus transmission in italy. | in august 2008, after 10 years of apparent silence, west nile virus (wnv) infection re-emerged in northern italy, spreading through the territories of three regions. in the following years, new cases occurred in the same area and additional foci of infection were observed in central and southern italy, involving also sicily and sardinia islands. the italian ministry of health ordered to test by rt-pcr all blood and organ donors from 15th june to 15th november of each year in the infected areas. ... | 2016 | 25382294 |
| morphologic and molecular study of hemoparasites in wild corvids and evidence of sequence identity with plasmodium dna detected in captive black-footed penguins (spheniscus demersus). | a morphologic and molecular epidemiologic investigation was conducted on a captive african black-footed penguin (spheniscus demersus) colony with a history of plasmodium infections at la palmyre zoo (france). each penguin received 12.5 mg of pyrimethamine twice a week as a prophylaxis every year from april to november. although plasmodium parasites were not detected in blood smears and tissues collected from the penguins, various blood parasites were recorded in blood smears from wild eurasian m ... | 2014 | 25314825 |
| do characteristics of dissection differ between the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the vertebral artery? | the purpose of this study was to clarify the features of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (pica) dissection. | 2016 | 25280821 |
| great spotted cuckoo fledglings often receive feedings from other magpie adults than their foster parents: which magpies accept to feed foreign cuckoo fledglings? | natural selection penalizes individuals that provide costly parental care to non-relatives. however, feedings to brood-parasitic fledglings by individuals other than their foster parents, although anecdotic, have been commonly observed, also in the great spotted cuckoo (clamator glandarius)--magpie (pica pica) system, but this behaviour has never been studied in depth. in a first experiment, we here show that great spotted cuckoo fledglings that were translocated to a distant territory managed t ... | 2014 | 25272009 |
| genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions. | oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates of wild birds from spain were studied. a total of 1688 samples (1214 of predator birds and 474 of prey species) from wildlife recovery centres and scientific bird-ringing campaigns were analysed from 2011 to 2013. the overall infection prevalence was 20.3% (11.4% in predator birds and 43.3% in prey species). pathognomonic lesions were present in 26% of the infected birds (57.3% in predator birds and 4.9% in prey species). the most commonly parasitized species w ... | 2014 | 25262786 |
| pattern of visuospatial lateralization in two corvid species, black-billed magpies and clark's nutcrackers. | cerebral lateralization is widespread amongst vertebrate species suggesting advantages are gained by having one of the brain's hemispheres exert dominant control over certain cognitive functions. a recently devised task for assessing lateralization of visuospatial attention by birds (diekamp et al., 2005) has allowed researchers to suggest the corpus callosum may not be necessary for the emergence of such asymmetries. more recently, this task has been adopted to examine the embryonic development ... | 2014 | 25130753 |
| 'the thieving magpie'? no evidence for attraction to shiny objects. | it is widely accepted in european culture that magpies (pica pica) are unconditionally attracted to shiny objects and routinely steal small trinkets such as jewellery, almost as a compulsion. despite the long history of this folklore, published accounts of magpies collecting shiny objects are rare and empirical evidence for the behaviour is lacking. the latter is surprising considering that an attraction to bright objects is well documented in some bird species. the present study aims to clarify ... | 2015 | 25123853 |
| sex-specific differences in offspring personalities across the laying order in magpies pica pica. | maternal effects provide an important mechanism for mothers to create variation in offspring personality, and to potentially influence offspring life history strategies e.g. creating more/less dispersive phenotypes. however, within-clutch maternal effects often vary and hence there is potential for within-clutch variation in personality. we studied the effects of hatching order on explorative and neophobic behaviour of the magpies pica pica in relation to sex using novel environment and novel ob ... | 2014 | 25111085 |
| effect of incubation on bacterial communities of eggshells in a temperate bird, the eurasian magpie (pica pica). | inhibitory effect of incubation on microbial growth has extensively been studied in wild bird populations using culture-based methods and conflicting results exist on whether incubation selectively affects the growth of microbes on the egg surface. in this study, we employed culture-independent methods, quantitative pcr and 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing, to elucidate the effect of incubation on the bacterial abundance and bacterial community composition on the eggshells of the eurasian magpie (pi ... | 2014 | 25089821 |
| three new species of the genus passeroptes fain (astigmata: dermationidae) from china. | three new species of the genus passeroptes (acariformes: dermationidae) are described from passerine birds (passeriformes) in china: passeroptes formosus sp. nov. from garrulax formosus formosus (verreaux) (guizhou), p. poecilorhynchus sp. nov. from garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (david and oustalet) (guizhou), and p. picae sp. nov. from pica pica sericea gould (henan). passeroptes garrulax is redescribed from garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi in guizhou. | 2014 | 25081760 |
| cuckoo hosts shift from accepting to rejecting parasitic eggs across their lifetime. | one of the best-known outcomes of coevolution between species is the rejection of mimetic parasite eggs by avian hosts, which has evolved to reduce costly cuckoo parasitism. how this behavioral adaptation varies along the life of individual hosts remains poorly understood. here, we identify for the first time, lifetime patterns of egg rejection in a parasitized long-lived bird, the magpie pica pica and show that, during the years they were studied, some females accept, others reject, and some ot ... | 2014 | 24916150 |
| recognizing odd smells and ejection of brood parasitic eggs. an experimental test in magpies of a novel defensive trait against brood parasitism. | one of the most important defensive host traits against brood parasitism is the detection and ejection of parasitic eggs from their nests. here, we explore the possible role of olfaction in this defensive behaviour. we performed egg-recognition tests in magpie pica pica nests with model eggs resembling those of parasitic great spotted cuckoos clamator glandarius. in one of the experiment, experimental model eggs were exposed to strong or moderate smell of tobacco smoke, whereas those of a third ... | 2014 | 24725170 |
| eavesdropping cuckoos: further insights on great spotted cuckoo preference by magpie nests and egg colour. | reproductive success of brood parasites largely depends on appropriate host selection and, although the use of inadvertent social information emitted by hosts may be of selective advantage for cuckoos, this possibility has rarely been experimentally tested. here, we manipulated nest size and clutch colouration of magpies (pica pica), the main host of great spotted cuckoos (clamator glandarius). these phenotypic traits may potentially reveal information about magpie territory and/or parental qual ... | 2014 | 24556949 |
| flow-based evaluation of cerebral revascularization using near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography. | indocyanine green (icg) videoangiography has been established as a noninvasive technique to gauge the patency of a bypass graft; however, intraoperative graft patency may not always correlate with graft flow. altered flow through the bypass graft may directly cause delayed graft occlusion. here, the authors report on 3 types of flow that were observed through cerebral revascularization procedures. | 2014 | 24484252 |
| mirror-mark tests performed on jackdaws reveal potential methodological problems in the use of stickers in avian mark-test studies. | some animals are capable of recognizing themselves in a mirror, which is considered to be demonstrated by passing the mark test. mirror self-recognition capacity has been found in just a few mammals having very large brains and only in one bird, the magpie (pica pica). the results obtained in magpies have enormous biological and cognitive implications because the fact that magpies were able to pass the mark test meant that this species is at the same cognitive level with great apes, that mirror ... | 2014 | 24475085 |
| foramen magnum size and involvement of its intraoccipital synchondroses in crouzon syndrome. | cranial sutures and synchondroses tend to close prematurely in patients with crouzon syndrome. this influences their skull vault and skull base development and may involve in common disturbances such as increased intracranial pressure and cerebellar tonsillar herniation. the authors' hypothesis was that crouzon patients patients have a smaller foramen magnum than controls because of premature fusion of the intraoccipital synchondroses, putting them at risk for cerebellar tonsillar herniation. th ... | 2013 | 24281646 |
| do climatic conditions affect host and parasite phenotypes differentially? a case study of magpies and great spotted cuckoos. | climatic conditions, through their effects on resource availability, may affect important life history strategies and trade-offs in animals, as well as their interactions with other organisms such as parasites. this impact may depend on species-specific pathways of development that differ even among species with similar resource requirements (e.g., avian brood parasites and their hosts). here we explore the degree of covariation between environmental-climatic conditions and nestling phenotypes ( ... | 2014 | 24078079 |
| how i do it: side to side posterior inferior cerebellar artery – posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass procedure. | an intracranial in situ side to side posterior circulation procedure is performed infrequently. the scope of treatment modalities of vertebral artery-pica aneurysms and vertebral dissections is limited due to the lack of many representations of this procedure's technical nuances. | 2013 | 24022600 |
| recent circulation of west nile virus and potentially other closely related flaviviruses in southern france. | in recent years, the number of west nile virus (wnv) cases reported in horses and humans has increased dramatically throughout the mediterranean basin. furthermore, the emergence of usutu virus (usuv) in austria in 2001, and its subsequent expansion to hungary, spain, italy, switzerland, the united kingdom, and germany, has given added cause for concern regarding the impact of the spread of flaviviruses on human and animal health in western europe. despite frequent detection of wnv and usuv case ... | 2013 | 23930977 |
| brood parasitism correlates with the strength of spatial autocorrelation of life history and defensive traits in magpies. | environmental characteristics of neighboring locations are generally more similar than those of distant locations. selection pressures due to parasitism and other environmental conditions shape life history traits of hosts; thus, the probability of parasitism should be associated with the strength of spatial autocorrelation in life history and defensive traits of their hosts. here we test this hypothesis in three different subpopulations of magpie (pica pica) parasitized by the great spotted cuc ... | 2013 | 23923497 |
| direct look from a predator shortens the risk-assessment time by prey. | decision making process is an important component of information use by animals and has already been studied in natural situations. decision making takes time, which is expressed as a cost in evolutionary explanations of decision making abilities of animals. however, the duration of information assessment and decision making process has not been measured in a natural situation. here, we use responses of wild magpies (pica pica) to predictably approaching humans to demonstrate that, regardless of ... | 2013 | 23755164 |
| genetic composition of communal roosts of the eurasian magpie (pica pica) inferred from non-invasive samples. | many animal species form communal roosts in which they aggregate and sleep together. several benefits of communal roost have been suggested, but due to lack of data on relatedness among group members, it is unknown whether these benefits can be amplified by the formation of kin-based communal roosts. we investigate the genetic composition of two winter roosts of eurasian magpies (pica pica), using microsatellite markers on non-invasive samples. using permutation tests by reshuffling the alleles ... | 2012 | 23106562 |
| comparative phylogeography of two widespread magpies: importance of habitat preference and breeding behavior on genetic structure in china. | historical geological events and climatic changes are believed to have played important roles in shaping the current distribution of species. however, sympatric species may have responded in different ways to such climatic fluctuations. here we compared genetic structures of two corvid species, the azure-winged magpie cyanopica cyanus and the eurasian magpie pica pica, both widespread but with different habitat dependence and some aspects of breeding behavior. three mitochondrial genes and two n ... | 2012 | 22842292 |
| oxidative stress mediates physiological costs of begging in magpie (pica pica) nestlings. | theoretical models predict that a cost is necessary to guarantee honesty in begging displays given by offspring to solicit food from their parents. there is evidence for begging costs in the form of a reduced growth rate and immunocompetence. moreover, begging implies vigorous physical activity and attentiveness, which should increase metabolism and thus the releasing of pro-oxidant substances. consequently, we predict that soliciting offspring incur a cost in terms of oxidative stress, and grow ... | 2012 | 22808144 |
| corticosterone levels in host and parasite nestlings: is brood parasitism a hormonal stressor? | parasite chicks from non-evictor species usually try to monopolize host parental care, thereby increasing considerably the level of food competition in the nest. here, we propose that brood parasitism is an important stressor for host and parasite nestlings and explore this hypothesis in the non-evictor great spotted cuckoo (clamator glandarius) and its main hosts, the same-sized black-billed magpie (pica pica) and the larger carrion crow (corvus corone). we experimentally created 3-nestling bro ... | 2012 | 22366505 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of magpies (pica pica), rooks (corvus frugilegus) and carrion crows (corvus corone) in mazandaran province, north of iran. | corvidae is a cosmopolitan family of oscine birds including crows, rooks, magpies, jays, chough, and ravens. these birds are migratory species, especially in the shortage of foods, so they can act like vectors for a wide range of microorganisms. they live generally in temperate climates and in a very close contact with human residential areas as well as poultry farms. there is no available information in the literature concerning the parasitic infections of these three species of corvidae in maz ... | 2011 | 22347286 |
| [avian diversity and bird strike risk at fuyang airport]. | from june 2008 to january 2010, a survey of avian communities was conducted in five habitats (grassland, farmland, town, wetland, and woodland) at fuyang airport and its surrounding areas, with the diversity indices in different seasons and different habitats analyzed. a total of 122 avian species belonging to 15 orders and 40 families were recorded. at fuyang airport, the avian species number was significantly higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, the avian density was the high ... | 2011 | 22007473 |
| reassortant h9n2 influenza viruses containing h5n1-like pb1 genes isolated from black-billed magpies in southern china. | h9n2 influenza a viruses have become endemic in different types of terrestrial poultry and wild birds in asia, and are occasionally transmitted to humans and pigs. to evaluate the role of black-billed magpies (pica pica) in the evolution of influenza a virus, we conducted two epidemic surveys on avian influenza viruses in wild black-billed magpies in guangxi, china in 2005 and characterized three isolated black-billed magpie h9n2 viruses (bbm viruses). phylogenetic analysis indicated that three ... | 2011 | 21980538 |
| gross anatomical and scanning electron microscopic studies of the oropharyngeal cavity in the european magpie (pica pica) and the common raven (corvus corax). | there is no descriptive information about morphology of the oropharyngeal cavity including tongue, palate, and laryngeal region in corvidae family. this study not only presents the first definitive anatomical description of the structures in the oropharyngeal cavity of magpie and raven but also reviews and compares the scattered information on the morphology of the other avian species available in the literature. in this study, the organs of four birds (two magpies and two ravens) were used. the ... | 2012 | 21898667 |
| mineral- und heilwässer in sachsen - eine isotopenanalytische charakterisierung. | abstract the groundwaters studied and labelled as mineral water were "natural mineral waters" for bottled waters and "natural curative waters" for heal therapeutical applications. they were characterized either by a specific mineralization or their suitability for balneology. to reveal the actual hydrological situation isotope investigations using (2)h, (18)o, (3)h, (12)c and (14)c (dic) and (34)s (sulphate) were included in a study describing samples of 24 mineral water deposits in saxonia. the ... | 1996 | 21892868 |
| [peculiarities of the contour feather microstructure in the corvidae family]. | the results of comparative electron microscope study of the fine structure of the definitive contour feathers often crows species (perisoreus infaustus, garrulus glandarius, cyanopica cyanus, pica pica, podoceus panderi, nucifraga caryocatactes, corvus monedula, c. frugilegus, c. cornix, c. corax) are presented. the results of the research allowed us to conclude that crows, along with the traditional elements of feather architectonics, have a number of species-specific microstructure characteris ... | 2016 | 21870493 |