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necrotrophic mycoparasites and their genomes.mycoparasitism is a lifestyle where one fungus establishes parasitic interactions with other fungi. species of the genus trichoderma together with clonostachys rosea are among the most studied fungal mycoparasites. they have wide host ranges comprising several plant pathogens and are used for biological control of plant diseases. trichoderma as well as c. rosea mycoparasites efficiently overgrow and kill their fungal prey by using infection structures and by applying lytic enzymes and toxic meta ...201728281442
insect deterrent and nematicidal screening of microfungi from mexico and anti-aphid compounds from gliomastix masseei.fungal metabolites are promising alternatives for the development of biorational pesticides. in this sense, microfungi from tropical regions are valuable sources of natural compounds for pest management. with the aim of broadening the search for new eco-friendly products to manage plant pests, this study was carried out to evaluate the biological activity of 23 tropical fungal extracts on three species of phytophagous insects and a plant parasitic nematode. in addition, the active principles of ...201728258772
efficacy of fungal and bacterial antagonists for controlling growth, fum1 gene expression and fumonisin b1 production by fusarium verticillioides on maize cobs of different ripening stages.this study was carried out to examine the efficacy of two biocontrol agents (clonostachys rosea 016, bca1; gram-negative bacterium, bca5) for control of fum1 gene expression and fumonisin b1 (fb1) production by f. verticillioides fv1 on maize cobs of different ripening stages: r3, milk (0.985 aw); r4, dough (0.976 aw); r5, dent (0.958 aw). initially, temporal studies on fum1 gene expression and fb1 production were performed on maize kernels for up to 14days. this revealed that day 10 was optimum ...201728213318
predatory activity of butlerius nematodes and nematophagous fungi against haemonchus contortus infective larvae.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the predatory activity of the nematode butlerius spp. and fungal isolates of duddingtonia flagrans, clonostachys rosea, arthrobotrys musiformis and trichoderma esau against h. contortus infective larvae (l3) in grass pots. forty-eight plastic gardening pots containing 140 g of sterile soil were used. panicum spp. grass seeds (200 mg) were sown into each pot and individually watered with 10 ml of tap water. twelve days after seeding, the pots were randoml ...201728146155
native fungi as metal remediators: silver myco-accumulation from metal contaminated waste-rock dumps (libiola mine, italy).metal contamination constitutes a major source of pollution globally. many recent studies emphasized the need to develop cheap and green technologies for the remediation or reclamation of environmental matrices contaminated by heavy metals. in this context, fungi are versatile organisms that can be exploited for bioremediation activities. in our work, we tested silver (ag) bioaccumulation capabilities of three microfungal strains (aspergillus alliaceus thom & church, trichoderma harzianum rifai, ...201728121268
transformation of the endochitinase gene chi67-1 in clonostachys rosea 67-1 increases its biocontrol activity against sclerotinia sclerotiorum.clonostachys rosea is a promising biocontrol fungus active against various plant fungal pathogens. in this study, the endochitinase-encoding gene chi67-1, the expression of which is sharply upregulated in c. rosea 67-1 when induced by sclerotia, was transformed into the original isolate by protoplast transformation, and transformants were screened against sclerotinia rot of soybean. the transformation efficiency was approximately 50 transformants per 1 × 10(7) protoplasts, and 68 stably heritabl ...201728050842
draft genome sequence of fungus clonostachys rosea strain ykd0085.here, we report the draft genome sequence of clonostachys rosea (strain ykd0085). the functional annotation of c. rosea provides important information related to its ability to produce secondary metabolites. the genome sequence presented here builds the basis for further genome mining.201627340057
interactions among filamentous fungi aspergillus niger, fusarium verticillioides and clonostachys rosea: fungal biomass, diversity of secreted metabolites and fumonisin production.interactions among fungi colonizing dead organic matter involve exploitation competition and interference competition. major mechanism of interference competition is antibiosis caused by secreted secondary metabolites. the effect of competition on secondary metabolite production by fungi is however poorly understood. fungal biomass was rarely monitored in interaction studies; it is not known whether dominance in pairwise interactions follows congruent patterns.201627165654
incidence and severity of leaf and fruit diseases of plums in latvia.in the present study six plum orchards in latvia were examined during 2014. one orchard was commercial with integrated pest management (ipm) practices, one was with organic management, two orchards were scientific collections and in two orchards plums were grown as a minor crop, using ipm practices. the shot-hole disease (wilsonomyces carpophilus) and fruit rot were monitored in the field. samples of twigs and leaves were taken for further examination if some other disease symptoms were observed ...201527141740
transaldolase gene tal67 enhances the biocontrol activity of clonostachys rosea 67-1 against sclerotinia sclerotiorum.clonostachys rosea is a promising biocontrol agent that parasitizes various fungal plant pathogens. in this paper, transaldolase gene tal67 was found to be greatly upregulated in c. rosea isolate 67-1 during mycoparasitism of sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia. quantitative real-time pcr revealed a significant increase in expression at 0-48 h after induction by sclerotia, and the level peaked at 13.9-fold higher than the control at 24 h. gene disruption led to a decrease in the growth rate of th ...201627130824
isolation of secondary metabolites from the soil-derived fungus clonostachys rosea yrs-06, a biological control agent, and evaluation of antibacterial activity.the fungus clonostachys rosea is widely distributed all over the world. the destructive force of this fungus, as a biological control agent, is very strong to lots of plant pathogenic fungi. as part of the ongoing search for antibiotics from fungi obtained from soil samples, the secondary metabolites of c. rosea yrs-06 were investigated. through efficient bioassay-guided isolation, three new bisorbicillinoids possessing open-ended cage structures, tetrahydrotrichodimer ether (1) and dihydrotrich ...201626974009
clonostachys rosea reduces spot blotch in barley by inhibiting prepenetration growth and sporulation of bipolaris sorokiniana without inducing resistance.several diseases threaten cereal production, and fungicides are therefore widely used. biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative, and the fungus clonostachys rosea is a versatile antagonist, effective against several plant diseases. we studied the ability of c. rosea to control barley leaf pathogens and the mechanisms behind the inhibition, emphasising induced resistance.201626910381
clonostachys rosea demethiolase str3 controls the conversion of methionine into methanethiol.eukaryote-derived methioninase, catalyzing the one-step degradation of methionine (met) to methanethiol (mtl), has received much attention for its low immunogenic potential and use as a therapeutic agent against met-dependent tumors. although biological and chemical degradation pathways for met-mtl conversion are proposed, the concrete molecular mechanism for met-mtl conversion in eukaryotes is still unclear. previous studies demonstrated that α-keto-methylthiobutyric acid (kmba), the intermedia ...201626902928
regulating ehrlich and demethiolation pathways for alcohols production by the expression of ubiquitin-protein ligase gene huwe1.ehrlich and demethiolation pathways as two competing branches converted amino acid into alcohols. controlling both pathways offers considerable potential for industrial applications including alcohols overproduction, flavor-quality control and developing new flavors. while how to regulate ehrlich and demethiolation pathways is still not applicable. taking the conversion of methionine into methionol and methanethiol for example, we constructed two suppression subtractive cdna libraries of clonost ...201626860895
investigating the compatibility of the biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea ik726 with prodigiosin-producing serratia rubidaea s55 and phenazine-producing pseudomonas chlororaphis toza7.this study was carried out to assess the compatibility of the biocontrol fungus clonostachys rosea ik726 with the phenazine-producing pseudomonas chlororaphis toza7 or with the prodigiosin-producing serratia rubidaea s55 against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. the pathogen was inhibited by both strains in vitro, whereas c. rosea displayed high tolerance to s. rubidaea but not to p. chlororaphis. we hypothesized that this could be attributed to the atp-binding cassette (abc) protei ...201626860841
identification of mycoparasitism-related genes in clonostachys rosea 67-1 active against sclerotinia sclerotiorum.clonostachys rosea is a mycoparasite that has shown great potential in controlling various plant fungal pathogens. in order to find mycoparasitism-related genes in c. rosea, the transcriptome of the efficient isolate 67-1 in association with sclerotia of sclerotinia sclerotiorum was sequenced and analysed. the results identified 26,351 unigenes with a mean length of 1,102 nucleotides, among which 18,525 were annotated in one or more databases of nr, kegg, swiss-prot, go and cog. differentially e ...201526657839
the abc transporter abcg29 is involved in h2o2 tolerance and biocontrol traits in the fungus clonostachys rosea.for successful biocontrol interactions, biological control organisms must tolerate toxic metabolites produced by themselves or plant pathogens during mycoparasitic/antagonistic interactions, by host plant during colonization of the plant, and xenobiotics present in the environment. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters can play a significant role in tolerance of toxic compounds by mediating active transport across the cellular membrane. this paper reports on functional characterization of an a ...201626520102
efficacy of clonostachys rosea and duddingtonia flagrans in reducing the haemonchus contortus infective larvae.the biocontrol is proven effective in reducing in vitro and in situ free-living stages of major gastrointestinal helminths, allowing progress in reducing losses by parasitism, maximizing production, and productivity. this study aimed at evaluating the predatory activity of fungal isolates of duddingtonia flagrans and clonostachys rosea species and its association on infective larvae (l3) of h. contortus in microplots formed by grasses and maintained in a protected environment. all groups were ad ...201526504809
fungal antagonism assessment of predatory species and producers metabolites and their effectiveness on haemonchus contortus infective larvae.the objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness on haemonchus contortus infective larvae (l3). assay a assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the species duddingtonia flagrans, clonostachys rosea, trichoderma esau, and arthrobotrys musiformis; assay b evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% ...201526504791
hazard identification of cis/trans-zearalenone through the looking-glass.among the food-related health issues, the presence of contaminants has a prominent role, due to the wide range of exogenous compounds that can occur in food commodities and to their large differences in structure and biological activity. a comprehensive assessment of the related risk is thus actually demanding in terms of time and facilities involved. in this context, the use of computational strategies can be an effective choice for supporting the hazard identification procedure at the early st ...201526391124
the marine-derived fungus clonostachys rosea, source of a rare conjugated 4-me-6e,8e-hexadecadienoic acid reducing viability of mcf-7 breast cancer cells and gene expression of lipogenic enzymes.a marine-derived strain of clonostachys rosea isolated from sediments of the river loire estuary (france) was investigated for its high lipid production. the fungal strain was grown on six different culture media to explore lipid production changes. an original branched conjugated fatty acid, mainly present in triglycerides and mostly produced when grown on dca (23% of total fatty acid composition). it was identified as 4-me-6e,8e-hexadecadienoic on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. this fatt ...201526258780
draft genome sequence of mycoparasite clonostachys rosea strain 67-1.clonostachys rosea is a promising mycoparasite. in this study, we sequenced the draft genome of the highly effective strain 67-1 using the illumina hiseq 2500 sequencing platform. the genome is 55.4 mb with a g+c content of 49.2% and provides a powerful resource for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying clonostachys rosea's antagonism on fungal pathogens.201526021926
selection of reliable reference genes for gene expression studies in clonostachys rosea 67-1 under sclerotial induction.reference genes are important to precisely quantify gene expression by real-time pcr. in order to identify stable and reliable expressed genes in mycoparasite clonostachys rosea in different modes of nutrition, seven commonly used housekeeping genes, 18s rrna, actin, β-tubulin, elongation factor 1, ubiquitin, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, from the effective biocontrol isolate c. rosea 67-1 were tested for their expression under sclerotial induction an ...201525960431
identifying glycoside hydrolase family 18 genes in the mycoparasitic fungal species clonostachys rosea.clonostachysrosea is a mycoparasitic fungal species that is an efficient biocontrol agent against many plant diseases. during mycoparasitic interactions, one of the most crucial steps is the hydrolysis of the prey's fungal cell wall, which mainly consists of glucans, glycoproteins and chitin. chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes responsible for chitin degradation and it is suggested that they play an important role in fungal-fungal interactions. fungal chitinases belong exclusively to the glycoside ...201525881898
dual effects of metarhizium spp. and clonostachys rosea against an insect and a seed-borne pathogen in wheat.crops are often prone to both insect herbivory and disease, which necessitate multiple control measures. ideally, an efficacious biological control agent must adequately control the target organism and not be inhibited by other biological control agents when applied simultaneously. wheat seeds infected with the plant pathogen fusarium culmorum were treated with metarhizium brunneum or m. flavoviride and clonostachys rosea individually and in combination, with the expectation to control both root ...201625827357
the potential of antagonistic fungi for control of fusarium graminearum and fusarium crookwellense varies depending on the experimental approach.to investigate the potential of fungal antagonists to control fusarium head blight (fhb) causing pathogens (fusarium graminearum and f. crookwellense) with two different experimental approaches.201525692943
fungistatic activity of zanthoxylum rhoifolium lam. bark extracts against fungal plant pathogens and investigation on mechanism of action in botrytis cinerea.plant-derived compounds are emerging as an alternative choice to synthetic fungicides. chloroform-methanol extract, obtained from the bark of zanthoxylum rhoifolium, a member of rutaceae, showed a fungistatic effect on botrytis cinerea, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, alternaria alternata, colletotrichum gloeosporioides and clonostachys rosea, when added to the growth medium at different concentrations. a fraction obtained by gel separation and containing the alkaloid o-methylcapaurine showed signific ...201525589008
insights on the evolution of mycoparasitism from the genome of clonostachys rosea.clonostachys rosea is a mycoparasitic fungus that can control several important plant diseases. here, we report on the genome sequencing of c. rosea and a comparative genome analysis, in order to resolve the phylogenetic placement of c. rosea and to study the evolution of mycoparasitism as a fungal lifestyle. the genome of c. rosea is estimated to 58.3 mb, and contains 14,268 predicted genes. a phylogenomic analysis shows that c. rosea clusters as sister taxon to plant pathogenic fusarium specie ...201525575496
diversity of clonostachys species assessed by molecular phylogenetics and maldi-tof mass spectrometry.we assessed the species diversity among 45 strains of clonostachys from different substrates and localities in brazil using molecular phylogenetics, and compared the results with the phenotypic classification of strains obtained from matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). phylogenetic analyses were based on beta tubulin (tub), its-lsu rdna, and a combined tub-its dna dataset. maldi-tof ms analyses were performed using intact conidia and conid ...201425457948
biological control as a strategy to reduce the impact of mycotoxins in peanuts, grapes and cereals in argentina.mycotoxins including aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins and ochratoxin a are among the main fungal secondary metabolites detected as natural contaminants in south america in different commodities such as peanuts (aflatoxins), cereals (deoxynivalenol and fumonisins) or grapes (ochratoxin a). different strategies including crop rotation, tillage practices, fungicide application and planting less susceptible cultivars are used in order to reduce the impact of these mycotoxins in both food and f ...201525427716
spore production of clonostachys rosea in a new solid-state fermentation reactor.a new solid-state fermentation (ssf) reactor was developed for the spore production of biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea. the greatest spore production in the reactor, 3.36 × 10(10) spores g dm(-1) occurred with mixings, which was about 10 times greater than that in traditional tray reactor. the reactor provides about two times sporulation surface area for spore formation. moisture content of the medium was adjusted to meet the spore production by changing the surface porosity. two mixings wer ...201425267354
colonization of onions by endophytic fungi and their impacts on the biology of thrips tabaci.endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of infection, are important mutualists that mediate plant-herbivore interactions. thrips tabaci (lindeman) is one of the key pests of onion, allium cepa l., an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. however, information on endophyte colonization of onions, and their impacts on the biology of thrips feeding on them, is lacking. we tested the colonization of onion plants by selected f ...201425254657
microfungi in highly copper-contaminated soils from an abandoned fe-cu sulphide mine: growth responses, tolerance and bioaccumulation.copper is one of the most dangerous soil contaminants. soils affected by high copper concentrations show low biodiversity and, above all, inadequate environmental quality. microorganisms such as fungi can play a key role in metal-polluted ecosystems via colonization and decontamination. the study is devoted to characterize the microfungal community in highly cu-contaminated bare soil from derelict fe-cu sulphide mines and to isolate microfungal strains able to tolerate and accumulate cu. 11 diff ...201425240213
analysis of clonostachys rosea-induced resistance to tomato gray mold disease in tomato leaves.tomato gray mold disease, caused by botrytis cinerea, is a serious disease in tomato. clonostachys rosea is an antagonistic microorganism to b. cinerea. to investigate the induced resistance mechanism of c. rosea, we examined the effects of these microorganisms on tomato leaves, along with changes in the activities of three defense enzymes (pal, ppo, gst), second messengers (no, h2o2, o2(-)) and phytohormones (iaa, aba, ga3, zt, meja, sa and c2h4). compared to the control, all treatments induced ...201425061981
synergistic effect of dazomet soil fumigation and clonostachys rosea against cucumber fusarium wilt.soil fumigation and biological control are two control measures frequently used against soilborne diseases. in this study, the chemical fumigant dazomet was applied in combination with the biocontrol agent (bca) clonostachys rosea 67-1 to combat cucumber wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum kw2-1. when the mycoparasite c. rosea 67-1 was applied after dazomet fumigation, disease control reached 100%, compared with 88.1 and 69.8% for dazomet and 67-1 agent, respectively, applied al ...201424941326
zearalenone detoxification by zearalenone hydrolase is important for the antagonistic ability of clonostachys rosea against mycotoxigenic fusarium graminearum.the fungus clonostachys rosea is antagonistic against plant pathogens, including fusarium graminearum, which produces the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (zea). zea inhibits other fungi, and c. rosea can detoxify zea through the enzyme zearalenone lactonohydrolase (zhd101). as the relevance of zea detoxification for biocontrol is unknown, we studied regulation and function of zhd101 in c. rosea. quantitative reverse-transcription pcr revealed zhd101 gene expression in all conditions studied an ...201424742831
zearalenone lactonohydrolase activity in hypocreales and its evolutionary relationships within the epoxide hydrolase subset of a/b-hydrolases.zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by several species of fusarium genus, most notably fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum. this resorcylic acid lactone is one of the most important toxins causing serious animal and human diseases. for over two decades it has been known that the mycoparasitic fungus clonostachys rosea (synonym: gliocladium roseum, teleomorph: bionectria ochroleuca) can detoxify zearalenone, however no such attributes have been described within the trichoderma genus.201424708405
an atp-binding cassette pleiotropic drug transporter protein is required for xenobiotic tolerance and antagonism in the fungal biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea.atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters mediate active efflux of natural and synthetic toxicants and are considered to be important for drug tolerance in microorganisms. in biological control agents (bca), abc transporters can play important roles in antagonism by providing protection against toxins derived from the fungal prey and by mediating the secretion of endogenous toxins. in the present study, we generated deletion and complementation strains of the abc transporter abcg5 in the fungal bc ...201424654977
hydrophobins are required for conidial hydrophobicity and plant root colonization in the fungal biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea.filamentous fungi produce small cysteine rich surface active amphiphilic hydrophobins on the outer surface of cell walls that mediate interactions between the fungus and the environment. the role of hydrophobins in surface hydrophobicity, sporulation, fruit body formation, recognition and adhesion to host surface and virulence have been reported. the aim of the present study was to characterize the biological function of hydrophobins in the fungal biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea in order to ...201424483277
transcriptomic profiling to identify genes involved in fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and zearalenone tolerance in the mycoparasitic fungus clonostachys rosea.clonostachys rosea strain ik726 is a mycoparasitic fungus capable of controlling mycotoxin-producing fusarium species, including f. graminearum and f. culmorum, known to produce zearalenone (zea) and deoxynivalenol (don). don is a type b trichothecene known to interfere with protein synthesis in eukaryotes. zea is a estrogenic-mimicing mycotoxin that exhibits antifungal growth. c. rosea produces the enzyme zearalenone hydrolase (zhd101), which degrades zea. however, the molecular basis of resist ...201424450745
effects of culture conditions on spore types of clonostachys rosea 67-1 in submerged fermentation.the promising biocontrol isolate clonostachys rosea 67-1 was investigated to clarify the effects of culture conditions on chlamydospore production in submerged fermentation. culture conditions significantly affected both performance and types of c. rosea sporulation. c. rosea 67-1 was hard to generate chlamydospores under conventional conditions. however, the proportion of resistant spores increased to 17·4 and 15·5% in pd and rice meal media, respectively, in 8 days. chlamydospore productivity ...201424286624
[screening and identification of an endophytic fungus from atractylodes lancea which utilizes volatile oil selectively].in order to transform main active ingredient of volatile oil, endophytic fungi were screened from the root of atractylodes lancea. transformation method was used in vitro. the changes of volatile oil were traced by gas chromatography. one endophytic fungus (strain alg-13) which could uitilize volatile oil selectively was screened. single factor experiment were conducted for exploring the effects of various factors that including kinds of carbon source, speed, liquid volume, ph and concentration ...201223270221
entomopathogenic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of the ecto-parasitic mite, varroa destructor, and their effect on the immune response of honey bees (apis mellifera l.).three isolates of each of the entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana and clonostachys rosea, were assessed for their pathogenicity to the honey bee parasitic mite, varroa destructor. the fungi were applied to varroa mites by immersing them in a spore solution, and then the inoculated mites were placed on honey bee brood inside capped cells. at 7 days post inoculation (dpi), the three fungi caused significant varroa mortality compared to non-inoculated mites. in brood ...201223000027
impact of uv-b radiation on clonostachys rosea germination and growth.sensitivity to uv-b radiation is one of the main limitations of biological control of plant pathogens in the field. the effect of uv-b radiation on germination and leaf tissue colonization by the biological control agent clonostachys rosea was evaluated. there were variations among c. rosea strains in sensitivity to uv-b radiation. the most tolerant strain (lqc62) had relative germination of about 60 % after irradiation of 4.2 kj m(-2). the deleterious effects of uv-b radiation on c. rosea colon ...201222806155
growth and asymmetry of soil microfungal colonies from "evolution canyon," lower nahal oren, mount carmel, israel.fluctuating asymmetry is a contentious indicator of stress in populations of animals and plants. nevertheless, it is a measure of developmental noise, typically obtained by measuring asymmetry across an individual organism's left-right axis of symmetry. these individual, signed asymmetries are symmetrically distributed around a mean of zero. fluctuating asymmetry, however, has rarely been studied in microorganisms, and never in fungi.201222523554
[Construction of a recombination plasmid labelled with green fluorescence and its application in Clonostachys rosea].We constructed a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector harboring green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the hygromycin resistance gene hph, and observed its expression in Clonostachys rosea.201122043802
use of mixed cultures of biocontrol agents to control sheep nematodes.biological control is a promising non-chemical approach for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. use of combinations of biocontrol agents have been reported to be an effective method to increase the efficacy of biological control effects. in this study, combinations of either two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) or clonostachys rosea (c. rosea) isolates and bt+c. rosea isolates were evaluated in vitro in microtitre plates for their biocontrol activity on sheep nematodes. the baermann t ...201121962967
Water potential affects Coniothyrium minitans growth, germination and parasitism of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia.Water availability is an important environmental factor which has major effects on fungal activity. The effects of osmotic (KCl amended agar) and matric Polyethylene glycol ((PEG) 8000 amended agar) potentials over the range -0.1 to -5.0MPa on mycelial growth and conidial germination of eight isolates of the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans was assessed. The influence of soil water potential on the ability of three selected isolates (LU112, LU545, and T5R42i) to parasitise sclerotia of ...201121872184
clonostachys rosea bafc3874 as a sclerotinia sclerotiorum antagonist: mechanisms involved and potential as a biocontrol agent.to establish the modes of action of the antagonistic fungal strain clonostachys rosea bafc3874 isolated from suppressive soils against sclerotinia sclerotiorum and to determine its potential as a biocontrol agent. methods and201121385290
expression of a serine protease gene prc is up-regulated by oxidative stress in the fungus clonostachys rosea: implications for fungal survival.soil fungi face a variety of environmental stresses such as uv light, high temperature, and heavy metals. adaptation of gene expression through transcriptional regulation is a key mechanism in fungal response to environmental stress. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factors msn2/4 induce stress-mediated gene expression by binding to the stress response element. previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of extracellular proteases is up-regulated in response to heat shoc ...201020976223
crystal structure and mutagenesis analysis of chitinase crchi1 from the nematophagous fungus clonostachys rosea in complex with the inhibitor caffeine.chitinases are a group of enzymes capable of hydrolysing the β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds of chitin, an essential component of the fungal cell wall, the shells of nematode eggs, and arthropod exoskeletons. chitinases from pathogenic fungi have been shown to be putative virulence factors, and can play important roles in infecting hosts. however, very limited information is available on the structure of chitinases from nematophagous fungi. here, we present the 1.8 å resolution of the first stru ...201020829286
regulation of subtilisin-like protease prc expression by nematode cuticle in the nematophagous fungus clonostachys rosea.nematophagous fungi have been used as biological control agents against nematodes parasitic to plants and animals. these fungi can secret subtilisin-like extracellular serine proteases during the infection of nematodes. the expression of these subtilisin-like serine proteases is regulated by nitrogen sources, including nematode cuticle. however, the mechanisms underlying the nitrogen sources-induced expression of these serine proteases is not well understood. in this study, we investigated the e ...201020636375
characterization of cultivated fungi isolated from grape marc wastes through the use of amplified rdna restriction analysis and sequencing.microbial assessment of grape marc wastes, the residual solid by-product of the wine-industry, was performed by identifying phylogenetically the fungal culturable diversity in order to evaluate environmental and disposal safety issues and to discuss ecological considerations of applications on agricultural land. fungal spores in grape marc were estimated to 4.7 x 10(6) per g dry weight. fifty six fungal isolates were classified into eight operational taxonomic units (otus) following amplified ri ...201020571946
pacc in the nematophagous fungus clonostachys rosea controls virulence to nematodes.nematophagous fungi are commonly used as biological control agents of plant and animal parasitic nematodes. however, relatively little is known of the environmental attributes conferring pathogenicity in these fungi. in this report, we investigated the role of pacc-mediated ph response in the pathogenesis of the nematophagous fungus clonostachys rosea. we identified a pacc orthologue from this fungus and found that its transcript was elevated in c. rosea during the early stage of its infection o ...201020236165
biocontrol agents efficiently inhibit sporulation of botrytis aclada on necrotic leaf tips but spread to adjacent living tissue is not prevented.ulocladium atrum (isolates 385 and 302) consistently inhibited botrytis aclada sporulation on dead onion leaf pieces under constant moist conditions and with an interrupted wetness period of 9 h. clonostachys rosea (isolate 201) was as effective as u. atrum under constant moist conditions, but was ineffective if exposed to a drying period. no sporulation of b. aclada was observed 8 and 12 days after inoculation in the presence of u. atrum 302. c. rosea 201 significantly reduced b. aclada sporula ...200419712318
high energy biofuel from endophytic fungi?a paper entitled 'the production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus gliocladium roseum (nrrl 50072)' (strobel et al., microbiology 154, 3319-3328, 2008) demonstrated for the first time that a fungal endophyte can produce volatile hydrocarbons, which are major constituents of diesel fuel. the possible implications of this finding with regards to potential commercial applications and the ecological role of volatiles in endophyte-host relationships are discus ...200919556159
mycobiota from cyclamen persicum and its interaction with botrytis cinerea.sixty-six fungi isolated from cyclamen phylloplanes were identified and assessed in vitro for antagonism to b. cinerea on leaves, petals, petioles and peduncles. the estimation of pathogen conidial production was used as indicator of biocontrol ability of each of the strains. they were classified by cluster analysis resulting in four categories according to their behavior in the different organs. the most promising category included 34 isolates that significantly reduced pathogen inoculum in all ...200919397189
chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase enzyme production by the mycoparasite clonostachys rosea f. catenulata against fungal plant pathogens.clonostachys rosea f. catenulata (syn. gliocladium catenulatum) is an effective fungal biological agent against fusarium root and stem rot and pythium damping-off diseases on cucumber plants. both chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase enzymes were produced when c. rosea was grown on a synthetic medium containing chitin or laminarin as a sole carbon source, respectively. chitinase production was also induced by fusarium cell walls, while beta-1,3-glucanase activity was induced by both fusarium and pyt ...200919396235
crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a chitinase from clonostachys rosea.crchi1 is a chitinase from the nematophagous fungus clonostachys rosea that plays a role in the infection of nematodes. in order to resolve the crystal structure of crchi1 and to gain a better understanding of its biological functions, recombinant crchi1 was crystallized at 291 k using peg 3350 and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as precipitant and a 1.8 a resolution x-ray data set was collected from a single flash-cooled crystal (100 k). the crystals belonged to space group p2(1), with unit-cell ...200919342787
studies on the host-finding mechanisms of neotylenchus linfordi.the plant-parasitic nematode, neotylenchus linlordi, congregated around colonies or filtrates from mycelia of gliocladium roseum, rhizoctonia solani, pyrenochaeta terrestris and chaetomium indicum. the average time required for the nematodes to reach the fungal colonies ranged from less than 4 hr for g. roseum to 20 hr for r. solani. nematodes first circled near the point of introduction, then moved toward the fungus or filtrate. several methods of measuring the response of n. linfordi to g. ros ...197019322281
species of root-knot nematodes and fungal egg parasites recovered from vegetables in almería and barcelona, spain.intensive vegetable production areas were surveyed in the provinces of almería (35 sites) and barcelona (22 sites), spain, to determine the incidence and identity of meloidogyne spp. and of fungal parasites of nematode eggs. two species of meloidogyne were found in almería-m. javanica (63% of the samples) and m. incognita (31%). three species were found in barcelona, including m. incognita (50%), m. javanica (36%), and m. arenaria (14%). solanaceous crops supported larger (p < 0.05) nematode num ...200219265964
exopolysaccharide from surface-liquid culture of clonostachys rosea originates from autolysis of the biomass.we describe the purification and chemical characterization of galactomannans that appear both in the biomass and the culture broth during surface-liquid culture of the fungus clonostachys rosea, a common facultative saprophyte that has potential to be used as a biological control agent against several plant pathogenic fungi, insects and nematodes. the galactomannans from both sources had comparable ratios of man, gal and glc and the similarity were confirmed by (1)h, (13)c nmr, hmqc, and cosy sp ...200919229519
the production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus gliocladium roseum (nrrl 50072).an endophytic fungus, gliocladium roseum (nrrl 50072), produced a series of volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives on an oatmeal-based agar under microaerophilic conditions as analysed by solid-phase micro-extraction (spme)-gc/ms. as an example, this organism produced an extensive series of the acetic acid esters of straight-chained alkanes including those of pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, sec-octyl and decyl alcohols. other hydrocarbons were also produced by this organism, including u ...200818957585
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody raised against surface antigens from mycelium of gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici: evidence for an extracellular polyphenol oxidase.abstract a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) of immunoglobulin class m (igm) was raised against surface antigens from gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, recognized isolates of g. graminis var. tritici, g. graminis var. avenae and g. graminis var. graminis. characterization of the antigen by heat and protease treatments showed that the epitope recognized by the mab was a protein. antigen production was detected only in live mycelia. immunofluorescence s ...199718945163
biological control of botrytis cinerea in cyclamen with ulocladium atrum and gliocladium roseum under commercial growing conditions.abstract the effect of treatments with conidial suspensions of ulocladium atrum and gliocladium roseum on leaf rot of cyclamen caused by botrytis cinerea was investigated under commercial greenhouse conditions. spraying u. atrum (1 x 10(6) conidia per ml) or g. roseum (2 x 10(6) conidia per ml and 1 x 10(7) conidia per ml) at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks during the production period and spraying u. atrum (1 x 10(6) conidia per ml) at intervals of 4 to 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of ...199818944911
the mycoparasite ampelomyces quisqualis expresses exga encoding an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in culture and during mycoparasitism.abstract ampelomyces quisqualis, a mycoparasite of fungi causing powdery mildews, exhibited high levels of extracellular exo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity in culture compared with neurospora crassa and gliocladium roseum. a. quisqualis culture filtrates affected powdery mildew caused by sphaerotheca fusca in a manner indicative of cell wall degradation, as determined by microscopic examination. a gene encoding an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in a. quisqualis, designated exga, was isolated and sequenced. ...199918944674
biological control of pathogens causing root rot complex in field pea using clonostachys rosea strain acm941.abstract pea root rot complex (prrc), caused by alternaria alternata, aphanomyces euteiches, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, f. solani f. sp. pisi, mycosphaerella pinodes, pythium spp., rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major yield-limiting factor for field pea production in canada. a strain of clonostachys rosea (syn. gliocladium roseum), acm941 (atcc 74447), was identified as a mycoparasite against these pathogens. when grown near the pathogen, acm941 often was stimulated ...200318944343
biopriming of infected carrot seed with an antagonist, clonostachys rosea, selected for control of seedborne alternaria spp.abstract an ecological approach was used to select fungal antagonists effective against the seedborne pathogens alternaria dauci and a. radicina on carrot. twenty-five and 105 isolates originating from cereal and carrot habitats were screened against the pathogens in planta, respectively. irrespective of isolate origin, fungal isolates belonging to clonostachys rosea controlled pre- and postemergence death caused by a. dauci and a. radicina as effectively as the fungicide iprodione. isolate ik72 ...200418943479
an n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase gene, cr-nag1, from the biocontrol agent clonostachys rosea is up-regulated in antagonistic interactions with fusarium culmorum.clonostachys rosea is a widely distributed fungus that often acts as a parasite on other soil fungi. this fungus has also been reported as a potential parasite against nematodes and insects. the antagonistic activity is thought to be correlated with the secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes, including chitinases. in this work, we identified and characterized an n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase-encoding gene, cr-nag1, belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 20, from the c. rosea strain ik726 usi ...200918675351
fungistatic activity of iron-free bovin lactoferrin against several fungal plant pathogens and antagonists.lactoferrin (lf) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. it is also a multifunctional protein of 80 kda that is synthesized by glandular epithelial cells and secreted into mucosal fluid. high levels of lf are present in colostrom and milk and low levels in tears, saliva, and gastrointestinal and reproductive secretions. data regarding the antifungal effects of lf are limited. studies have been performed on candida albicans, which demonstrated that lf inhibits the gro ...200818629710
three endochitinase-encoding genes identified in the biocontrol fungus clonostachys rosea are differentially expressed.three endochitinase-encoding genes, cr-ech58, cr-ech42 and cr-ech37 were identified and characterised from the mycoparasitic c. rosea strain ik726. the endochitinase activity was specifically induced in media containing chitin or fusarium culmorum cell walls as sole carbon sources. rt-pcr analysis showed that the three genes were differentially expressed. the expression of the cr-ech42 and cr-ech37 genes was triggered by f. culmorum cell walls and chitin whereas glucose repressed their expressio ...200818574585
development of a novel pcr assay for the identification of the black yeast, exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf).cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may suffer increased morbidity and mortality through colonisation, allergy and invasive infection from fungi. the black yeast, exophiala dermatitidis (synonym wangiella dermatitidis) has been found with increasing frequency in sputum specimens of cf patients, with reported isolation rates ranging from 1.1 to 15.7%. at present, no diagnostic pcr exists to aid with the clinical laboratory detection and identification of this organism. a novel species-specific pcr-base ...200818571996
real-time rt-pcr expression analysis of chitinase and endoglucanase genes in the three-way interaction between the biocontrol strain clonostachys rosea ik726, botrytis cinerea and strawberry.clonostachys rosea is a well-known biocontrol agent against botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold in strawberry. the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes might play a significant role for successful biocontrol by c. rosea. the expression pattern of four chitinases, and two endoglucanase genes from c. rosea strain ik726 was analyzed using real-time rt-pcr in vitro and in strawberry leaves during interaction with b. cinerea. specific primers were designed for beta-tubulin genes from c ...200818557783
[effect of inoculation time on the survival of spores of gliocladium roseum on geranium leaves.].gliocladium roseumis a successful antagonist of botrytis cinerea and is considered to have the major potential for biocontrol of the pathogen in cropping systems. in order to elucidate the optimal moment of the day to apply the biological control agent, geranium plants were inoculated until run off with a suspension containing 10 e7 conidia of g. roseum + tritón 100x. the inoculation times were 9 am, 12 am, 3 pm and 6 pm. the number cfu per cm(2) of leaves at inoculation time (time 0) and at 3, ...199918473563
remarkable microfungi from oaxaca (mexico) of acacia species.in the state of oaxaca (mexico, 10 km north-west of puerto escondido 15 degrees 55' n, 97 degrees 09' w) we were able to collect some microfungi living as parasites or saprophytes on acacia species, some of them are causing attention for oaxaca. many belong to the deuteromycotina (hyphomycetes, coelomycetes) and ascomycotina. on a. hindsii: calonectria pseudopeziza (desm.) sacc., hypoxylon truncatum (schwein. fr.) j.h. miller, epicoccum nigrum link., zygosporium gibbum (sacc., m. roussau & e. bo ...200718396821
investigation on the infection mechanism of the fungus clonostachys rosea against nematodes using the green fluorescent protein.the fungus clonostachys rosea (syn. gliocladium roseum) is a potential biocontrol agent. it can suppress the sporulation of the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea and kill pathogenic nematodes, but the process of nematode pathogenesis is poorly understood. to help understand the underlying mechanism, we constructed recombinant strains containing a plasmid with both the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene egfp and the hygromycin resistance gene hph. expression of the green fluorescent p ...200818292995
brazilian isolates of clonostachys rosea: colonization under different temperature and moisture conditions and temporal dynamics on strawberry leaves.in a research programme for managing diseases caused by botryis cinerea, four isolates of the antagonistic fungus clonostachys rosea (cr) were obtained from different ecosystems in brazil. we studied ecological requirements for the colonization of strawberry leaves by these isolates.200818179592
cloning and expression analysis of a chitinase gene crchi1 from the mycoparasitic fungus clonostachys rosea (syn. gliocladium roseum).clonostachys rosea (syn. gliocladium roseum) is a well-known biocontrol agent and widely distributed around the world. in this study, an endochitinase gene crchi1 was isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus c. rosea using the dna walking strategy. the crchi1 orf is 1,746 bp long and interrupted by three introns. the cloned gene crchi1 encodes 426 amino acid residues and shares a high degree of similarity with other chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. several putative binding ...200717978802
fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts.among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-s-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: alte ...200717763036
[mycoparasites effect on reproductive ability of sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia.].the ability to parasitise sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the effect on apothecia production was evaluated for the following antagonists: trichoderma harzianum; trichoderma koningii; gliocladium roseum and chaetomium globosum. plastic trays were filled with of steam-sterilized soil. each one of them was infested with sclerotia of s. sclerotiorum and the culture of the antagonists. the trays were kept in a greenhouse and after 30, 60 and 90 days, evaluations were made. the rates of carpogenic germin ...199817655415
hydroxylation of the triterpenoid nigranoic acid by the fungus gliocladium roseum ymf1.00133.the ability of the fungus gliocladium roseum ymf1.00133 to transform the bioactive nigranoic acid (=(24z)-9,19-cyclo-3,4-secolanosta-4(28),24-diene-3,26-dioic acid) was investigated. three new products from the co-cultures of nigranoic acid and g. roseum ymf1.00133 were obtained by employing a combination of sephadex lh-20 and silica-gel column chromatography. the major metabolite was identified as 15beta-hydroxynigranoic acid, and the minor metabolites as 6alpha,15beta-dihydroxynigranoic acid a ...200717311223
role of zearalenone lactonase in protection of gliocladium roseum from fungitoxic effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone.zearalenone is a mycotoxin with estrogenic effects on mammals that is produced by several species of fusarium. we found that zearalenone and its derivatives inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi on solid media at concentrations of < or =10 microg/ml. the fungitoxic effect declined in the order zearalenone > alpha-zearalenol > beta-zearalenol. the mycoparasitic fungus gliocladium roseum produces a zearalenone-specific lactonase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of zearalenone, followed by a sponta ...200717114328
fluorescence spectroscopy: a tool to characterize humic substances in soil colonized by microorganisms?the ability of eight soil microfungal species, alternaria alternata, clonostachys rosea f. rosea, exophiala cf. salmonis, fusarium cf. coeruleum, fusarium redolens, paecilomyces lilacinus, penicillium canescens and phoma sp., and two known basidiomycete humic acid (ha) degraders, trametes versicolor and phanerochaete chrysosporium, to modify fluorescence properties of fulvic acids (fa) and/or has was determined. effects of minerals and/or glucose on the modifications were examined. fa purified o ...200617004653
first record of clonostachys rosea (ascomycota: hypocreales) as an entomopathogenic fungus of oncometopia tucumana and sonesimia grossa (hemiptera: cicadellidae) in argentina.clonostachys rosea (link: fries) schroers, samuels, seifert, and gams (ascomycota: hypocreales) has been reported as a mycoparasite of fungi and nematodes and as saprobe in soils, but this fungus has not been reported previously to be entomopathogenic. many species of cicadellid leafhoppers cause economic damage to crops as vectors of plant pathogens. in the present work, we report the first record of c. rosea as an entomopathogenic fungus of two leafhoppers pest, oncometopia tucumana and sonesi ...200616580016
nematicidal epipolysulfanyldioxopiperazines from gliocladium roseum.five new verticillin-type epipolysulfanyldioxopiperazines, gliocladine a (1), b (2), c (3), d (4), and e (5), were isolated from wheat solid-substrate fermentation of gliocladium roseum 1a, along with four known compounds, verticillin a (6), 11'-deoxyverticillin a (7), sch52900 (8), and sch52901 (9). their structures were elucidated by extensive 1d and 2d nmr studies, ms, and chemical transformations. in vitro immersion tests showed that all nine compounds exhibited antinematodal activity agains ...200516252916
a model transgenic cereal plant with detoxification activity for the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone.zearalenone (zen) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by the necrotrophic cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. this mycotoxin is detoxified by zhd101, a lactonohydrolase from clonostachys rosea, or egfp:zhd101, its fusion to the c-terminus of an enhanced green fluorescence protein. we previously showed that egfp:zhd101 is efficiently expressed in t(0) leaves of rice. in this study, we assessed the feasibility of in planta detoxification of the mycotoxin using progeny. when protein extract from ...200516245162
microfungi in cultivated fields in eskişehir provience (turkey).the soil microfungi flora was investigated in four locations of eskişehir (turkey). 56 soil samples were seasonaly collected from 14 stations in the areas of karacahöyük, bahçecik, ogu i, and ogu ii. a total of 110 species belonging to 32 genera were encountered including absidia, acremonium, alternaria, aspergillus, beauveria, botryoderma, chaetomium, chrysosporium, cladosporium, eupenicillium, eurotium, fusarium, geotrichum, gliocladium, gonytrichum, metarrhizium, mucor, myrothecium, paecilomy ...200516028200
[allelopathy of root exudates from two genotypes soybeans on root pathogenic fungi].with biological simulation experiment and chemical analysis, this paper studied the allelopathy of carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids in the root exudates from two genotypes soybeans (9536 and jilin 30) on the pathogenic fungi of root rot. the results showed that the water soluble carbohydrates in the root exudates from test soybeans significantly promoted the growth of fusarium oxysporium and fusarium semitectum at low concentrations and inhibited their growth at high concentrations, ...200515852974
efficient decontamination of zearalenone, the mycotoxin of cereal pathogen, by transgenic yeasts through the expression of a synthetic lactonohydrolase gene.zearalenone (zen), an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several fusarium species, is converted to a non-estrogenic product by a detoxifying enzyme of clonostachys rosea. previously, we investigated whether recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying this detoxification gene, zhd101, can remove 2 microg ml(-1) of zen in a liquid culture. although the transgenic yeasts eliminated most of the zen, they also converted a significant amount to a poor substrate, beta-zearalenol, which remained in the ...200515630583
metabolism of zearalenone by genetically modified organisms expressing the detoxification gene from clonostachys rosea.zearalenone (zen) is converted to a nontoxic product by a lactonohydololase encoded by zhd101. an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene was fused to zhd101 (i.e., egfp::zhd101) and expressed in escherichia coli. both recombinant zhd101 and egfp::zhd101 were purified to homogeneity and characterized. maximal activity of zhd101 toward zen was measured at approximately 37 to 45 degrees c and ph 10.5 (k(cat) at 30 degrees c, 0.51 s(-1)). the enzyme was irreversibly inactivated at ph values ...200415184117
biotransformation of ent-13-epi-manoyl oxides difunctionalized at c-3 and c-12 by filamentous fungi.biotransformation of ent-3beta,12alpha-dihydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide with fusarium moniliforme gave the regioselective oxidation of the hydroxyl group at c-3 and the ent-7beta-hydroxylation. the action of gliocladium roseum in the 3,12-diketoderivative originated monohydroxylations at c-1 and c-7, both by the ent-beta face, while rhizopus nigricans produced hydroxylation at c-7 or c-18, epoxidation of the double bond, reduction of the keto group at c-3, and combined actions as biohydroxylation a ...200414697276
biosynthesis of gliorosein in gliocladium roseum i.m.i. 93065. 196514342488
new phenolic metabolites from gliocladium roseum. 196514298279
nutritional influence on the ability of fungal mycelia to penetrate toxic metal-containing domains.metal-contaminated soils often contain a spatially heterogeneous distribution of metal concentrations, and the ability of fungi to colonize such metal-contaminated domains will be influenced by the nutritional resources available. an experimental system based upon tessellated agar tiles was used to study the influence of nutrients upon the ability of soil fungi trichoderma virens and clonostachys rosea to colonize spatially discrete toxic metal (copper and cadmium) containing domains. the growth ...200312967214
population dynamics of epiphytic mycoparasites of the genera clonostachys and fusarium for the biocontrol of black pod (phytophthora palmivora) and moniliasis (moniliophthora roreri) on cocoa (theobroma cacao).mycoparasites collected from aerial parts of the cocoa plant (theobroma cacao) have shown great promise in the control of black pod, caused by phytophthora palmivora, and moniliasis, caused by moniliophthora roreri. however, the ecology of epiphytic mycoparasites is still poorly understood although it has a direct bearing on applied biocontrol practices, ranging from the identification and isolation of promising biocontrol candidates to formulation needs and required application frequency. one o ...200312884956
efficacy of microorganisms antagonistic to rhizoctonia cerealis and their cell wall degrading enzymatic activities.the effect of trichoderma atroviride, t. harzianum, t. longibrachiatum, clonostachys rosea and bacillus subtilis isolates applied to wheat seeds against rhizoctonia cerealis disease of seedlings was investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions. most trichoderma isolates significantly reduced the incidence of disease compared with the infected control. bacillus subtilis was also effective against sharp eyespot, although less active than trichoderma spp. interactions between the antagonisti ...200312825514
fungi are the predominant micro-organisms responsible for degradation of soil-buried polyester polyurethane over a range of soil water holding capacities.to investigate the relationship between soil water holding capacity (whc) and biodegradation of polyester polyurethane (pu) and to quantify and identify the predominant degrading micro-organisms in the biofilms on plastic buried in soil.200312807456
biotransformation of the mycotoxin, zearalenone, to a non-estrogenic compound by a fungal strain of clonostachys sp.zearalenones are mycotoxins with estrogenic activity consisting of a resorcinol moiety fused to a 14-membered macrocyclic lactone and are produced by various fusarium species. we found that clonostachys rosea ifo 7063 was effectively capable of converting zearalenone (1) to cleavage product (2), 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10'-hydroxy-1'e-undecene-6'-one. moreover, cleavage product 2 did not show potent estrogenic activity like that of 1 and 17beta-estradiol in the human breast cancer mcf-7 cell pro ...200212596876
[allelopathic effect of root exudates on pathogenic fungi of root rot in continuous cropping soybean].allelopathic effect of root exudates on pathogenic fungi of root rot in continuous cropping soybean was studied by sand culture, water culture, and indoor culture experiments. the results showed that allelopathic promotion of root exudates on the growth of fusarium semitectum, gliocladium roseum and fusarium oxysporum, especially fusarium semitectum reached significant level or especially significant level in continuous cropping soybean compared with the control. allelopathic promotion of root e ...200212216402
chemical-microbiological synthesis of cryptomeridiol derivatives by gliocladium roseum: semisynthesis of 11-hydroxyeudesmanolides.biotransformations of 4alpha- and 4beta-hydroxyeudesmane derivatives by the filamentous fungus gliocladium roseum were achieved. hydroxylation at c-11 was the main action of this microorganism, producing new cryptomeridiol (12 and 14) and 4-epi-cryptomeridiol derivatives (6 and 7), respectively, in good yields. the biotransformation activity of g. roseum toward 4beta-hydroxyeudesmane was focused on the isopropyl moiety, but more scattered on the 4alpha-hydroxylated derivative, acting in both the ...200212141862
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