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effect of drive row ground covers on hop (rosales: cannabaceae) yard arthropod pests in vermont, usa.alternatives to pesticides are necessary for the management of hop (humulus lupulus l.) arthropod pests. the three major arthropod pests in northeastern us hop production include two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, hop aphid phorodon humuli (schrank), and potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae harris. this 3-yr study (2012-2014) in vermont investigated the effect of flowering ground covers on arthropod pest abundance. hop cultivars 'nugget' and 'cascade' were evaluated under a strip-sp ...201728334066
comparative responses of achillea millefolium ecotypes to competition and soil type.achillea millefolium populations from adjacent sites with zonal and serpentime soil were used to test predictions about the relation between growth and the competitive ability of plants in productive and unproductive environments. under greenhouse conditions, individually-grown plants from both sources grew larger in serpentine soil than in zonal soil; serpentine plants accumulated 72% more biomass than zonal plants. in zonal soil, zonal plants were 71% larger than serpentine plants, although th ...198728311979
the dynamics of leaf extension in plants with diverse altitudinal ranges : i. field observations on temperature responses at one altitude.rates of leaf extension have been studied with electronic auxanometers at mid-altitude in the austrian alps, where both low and high altitude species co-occur. the results demonstrate a clear differentiation in the temperature responses of extension between these two groups of species. for the low or mid-altitude species of achillea millefolium, agrostis stolonifera, poa alpina and rumex arifolius, the average rate of leaf extension increases from 0.1 to 0.4 mm h(-1) between 10 and 20° c. for th ...198628311661
seed germination strategies of five perennial weeds.the germination responses of seeds of achillea millefolium l., artemisia vulgaris l., cirsium arvense (l.) scop., taraxacum officinale weber, sensu lato, and tussilago farfara l. to light, nitrate, alternating temperatures, chilling, light quality, and water availability were studied in laboratory tests, using fresh seed and seed stored for 6 months at 27°c and buried in the soil. a factorial experiment with light, nitrate, alternating temperatures, and seed age as factors found that all four af ...197828309232
the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of achillea millefolium on appetite hormone in rats.achillea millefolium (a. millefolium) is known as an orexigenic herb in iranian traditional medicine. in this study, the possible orexigenic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of a. millefolium was investigated by measuring plasmaghrelin level.201728265542
the estimation of the traditionally used yarrow (achillea millefolium l. asteraceae) oil extracts with anti-inflamatory potential in topical application.olive or sunflower oil yarrow extracts have been extensively used against inflammatory disorders and skin wound healing in traditional medicine.201728163113
insecticidal toxicities of carvacrol and thymol derived from thymus vulgaris lin. against pochazia shantungensis chou &lu., newly recorded pest.the insecticidal toxicities of five essential oils against pochazia shantungensis adults and nymphs, newly recorded pests, were evaluated. the lc50 values of thymus vulgaris, ruta graveolens, citrus aurantium, leptospermum petersonii and achillea millefolium oils were recorded as 57.48, 84.44, 92.58, 113.26 and 125.78 mg/l, respectively, against p. shantungensis nymphs using the leaf dipping bioassay, and 75.80, 109.86, 113.26, 145.06 and 153.74 mg/l, respectively, against p. shantungensis adult ...201728106093
biological activities of asteraceae (achillea millefolium and calendula officinalis) and lamiaceae (melissa officinalis and origanum majorana) plant extracts.asteraceae (achillea millefolium and calendula officinalis) and lamiaceae (melissa officinalis and origanum majorana) extracts were obtained by applying two sequential extraction processes: supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide, followed by ultrasonic assisted extraction using green solvents (ethanol and ethanol:water 50:50). the extracts were analyzed in terms of the total content of phenolic compounds and the content of flavonoids; the volatile oil composition of supercritical ext ...201728101823
achillea millefolium l. extract mediated green synthesis of waste peach kernel shell supported silver nanoparticles: application of the nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of a variety of dyes in water.in this paper, silver nanoparticles (ag nps) are synthesized using achillea millefolium l. extract as reducing and stabilizing agents and peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support. ft-ir spectroscopy, uv-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (eds), thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (tg-dta) and transmission electron microscopy (tem) were used to characterize peach kernel sh ...201728088570
the effect of achillea millefolium and hypericum perforatum ointments on episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women.the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of achillea millefolium and hypericum perforatum ointments on episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women.201728027682
synthesis of modified gum tragacanth/graphene oxide composite hydrogel for heavy metal ions removal and preparation of silver nanocomposite for antibacterial activity.new composite hydrogels were synthesized based on gum tragacanth (gt) carbohydrate and graphene oxide (go). gt was sulfonic acid-functionalized and cross-linked by using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (amps) and n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide (mba) monomers and ceric ammonium nitrate (can) as an initiator. the prepared hydrogels were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrum (ft-ir), field emission scanning electron microscope (fe-sem), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (ed ...201727987996
safety assessment of achillea millefolium as used in cosmetics.cosmetic ingredients derived from achillea millefolium function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous, skin-conditioning agents-humectants, and fragrance ingredients. the cosmetic ingredient review expert panel (panel) reviewed relevant animal and human data to determine their safety in cosmetics and raised concerns about cosmetics containing linalool, thujone, quercetin, hydroquinone, or α-peroxyachifolid. because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each ...201627913788
quantification of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids in achillea millefolium and equisetum arvense.flavonoids have been of considerable importance and interest because of their medicinal activity. responding to their numerous health benefits, a comparative study on the quantitative determination of total polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids was carried out in achillea millefolium and equisetum arvense. total polyphenolic compounds were quantified by folin-ciocalteau method using different solvents in order to prove their extraction efficiency. focus within total polyphenolic quantification s ...201627731806
companion planting with white yarrow or with feverfew for squash bug, anasa tristis (hemiptera: coreidae), management on summer squash.the squash bug, anasa tristis (de geer), is a major insect pest of cucurbits. control of squash bugs with insecticidal chemicals is difficult to achieve. we investigated the potential of companion planting with white yarrow (achillea millefolium l.) or feverfew [tanacetum parthenium (l.) sch. bip.] for squash bug management in field plantings of summer squash (cucurbita pepo l.).201627604891
ethanol extracts of achillea millefolium and hypericum perforatum low anti-toxoplasma activity.this study was performed to determine the lethal and the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of achillea millefolium (a. millefolium) and hypericum perforatum (h. perforatum) on toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) rh strain tachyzoites in vitro.201627280052
bacterial endophytes isolated from plants in natural oil seep soils with chronic hydrocarbon contamination.the bacterial endophytic communities of four plants growing abundantly in soils highly contaminated by hydrocarbons were analyzed through culturable and culture-independent means. given their tolerance to the high levels of petroleum contamination at our study site, we sought evidence that achillea millefolium, solidago canadensis, trifolium aureum, and dactylis glomerata support high levels of hydrocarbon degrading endophytes. a total of 190 isolates were isolated from four plant species. the i ...201627252685
a polysaccharide fraction from achillea millefolium increases cytokine secretion and reduces activation of akt, erk and nf-κb in thp-1 monocytes.achillea millefolium has been used in traditional medicine for a number of ailments, including skin inflammation and wounds. a polysaccharide fraction (am-25-d) isolated from aqueous extract from a. millefolium had an average molecular weight of 270 kda and a monosaccharide composition of gala, gal, ara, xyl, rha in molar ratio of 28:26:23:9:7. thp-1 cells primed with ifn-γ and stimulated with lps in the presence of am-25-d secreted more il-1β, il-8, il-10, il-12p40, il-23 and tnf-α than thp-1 c ...201627083352
ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants used in herbal drinks among the traditional communities of pakistan.there is very limited information regarding medicinal plants used by traditional healers in pakistan, for treating wide-ranging diseases. current study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medical plants in pakistan and the pharmacological importance of herbal drinks, especially in the discovery of new drugs.201626947900
getting the smell of it--odour cues structure pollinator networks.floral visitors vary greatly among plant species and depend on the volatiles emitted by the flowers. creeping thistle is normally visited by bees and bumblebees while common yarrow is rather visited by flies. manipulating the flower volatiles caused pollinator communities to become more similar among the two plant species. image credit: robert junker and anna-amelie larue. in focus: larue, a.-a.c., raguso, r.a. & junker, r.r. (2015) experimental manipulation of floral scent bouquets restructures ...201626899420
acaricidal and insecticidal activities of essential oils against a stored-food mite and stored-grain insects.twenty plant-derived oils were evaluated for their acaricidal and insecticidal activities against sitotroga cerealella, sitophilus oryzae, sitophilus zeamais, and tyrophagus putrescentiae adults, by using the fumigant and filter paper diffusion methods. responses varied with bioassay systems, insect or mite species, plant oils, and exposure time. based on the 50% lethal dose (ld50) values against s. oryzae and s. zeamais in the fumigant bioassay, anethum graveolens oil (4.12 and 1.12 μg/cm(3), r ...201626735047
fischer's lexicon of slavic beliefs and customs: a previously unknown contribution to the ethnobotany of ukraine and poland.historical ethnobotanical studies are important, even if they are only descriptive, because they help to throw light on the missing chains needed for diachronic analysis. however, the documentation of traditional uses of plants in some countries, e.g. ukraine, is still fragmentary. the aim of this contribution is to fill the gap and present a portion of the data set, from western ukraine, which was collected by adam fischer, a polish ethnographer from lviv, in the 1930s. these data were original ...201526704421
radioprotective effect of achillea millefolium l against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation in human normal lymphocytes.the radioprotective effect of achillea millefolium l (acm) extract was investigated against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation (ir) in human lymphocytes. peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers and incubated with the methanolic extract of acm at different concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) for 2 hours. at each dose point, the whole blood was exposed in vitro to 2.5 gy of x-ray and then the lymphocytes were cultured with mitogenic stimulation to determine th ...201726675116
pesticide residues in some herbs growing in agricultural areas in poland.the aim of this paper was to assess residue content of plant protection products in selected herbs: achillea millefolium l., cichorium intybus l., equisetum arvense l., polygonum persicaria l., plantago lanceolata l., and plantago major l. the study comprises herbs growing in their natural habitat, 1 and 10 m away from crop fields. the herbs, 30 plants of each species, were sampled during the flowering stage between 1 and 20 july 2014. pesticide residue content was measured with the quechers met ...201526612566
in vitro evaluation of achillea millefolium on the production and stimulation of human skin fibroblast cells (hfs-pi-16).in the present study, we aimed the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of achillea millefolium (heaml) on human skin fibroblast cells (hsf-pi-16) proliferation, stimulation and growth properties.201526543303
effect of drought stress on total phenolic, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of achillea species.the changes in total phenolic content (tpc), total flavonoid content (tfc), proline, malondialdehyde (mda), h2o2, and antioxidant activity were assessed based on three model systems in three achillea species (achillea millefolium, a. nobilis, and a. filipendulina) growing under four irrigation regimes, including 100% fc (field capacity as normal irrigation) 75% fc (low stress), 50% fc (moderate stress), and 25% fc (severe stress) conditions. the highest tpc (47.13 mg tannic acid/g dw) and tfc (2 ...201626541161
the interaction between root herbivory and competitive ability of native and invasive-range populations of brassica nigra.the evolution of increased competitive ability (eica) hypothesis predicts that escape from intense herbivore damage may enable invasive plants to evolve higher competitive ability in the invasive range. below-ground root herbivory can have a strong impact on plant performance, and invasive plants often compete with multiple species simultaneously, but experimental approaches in which eica predictions are tested with root herbivores and in a community setting are rare. here, we used brassica nigr ...201526517125
content of zinc and copper in selected plants growing along a motorway.in 2011 a study was carried out analyzing the effects of road traffic on bioaccumulation of zinc and copper in selected species of dicotyledonous plants growing on adjacent grasslands. to do the research the plants were sampled from the 9-km-long siedlce bypass, a part of the international route e-30. they were collected during the flowering stage, at following distances from the road: 1, 5, 10, 15 m. the content of zinc and copper was determined with the aas method, with dry mineralisation done ...201526364030
tlc-direct bioautography and lc/ms as complementary methods in identification of antibacterial agents in plant tinctures from the asteraceae family.matricaria recutita l. (chamomile) and achillea millefolium l. (yarrow) are very common herbs growing in meadows, pathways, crop fields, and home gardens. preparations from these plants, e.g., infusions or alcohol extracts, are widely used as remedies. both chamomile and yarrow have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. most microbiological assays used today give information only on activity of whole extracts and do not provide information on the composition an ...201526268962
effect of achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.primary dysmenorrhea occurs in as many as 50% of postmenarche women and is characterized by a particularly intense pain that is localized in the abdominal inferior quadrants and radiates to the inner thigh. this study assessed the effectiveness of achillea millefolium on relief of primary dysmenorrhea.201526238568
[investigation of metal element content of some european and far eastern herbs].metal elements and their excess intake have significant influence on general health.201526211750
the endemic medicinal plants of northern balochistan, pakistan and their uses in traditional medicine.the highlands of northern balochistan are the hot spots of medicinal and endemic plant in pakistan. these plants are still commonly used for medicinal purposes by local people in their daily lives. this study first documented the information about the medicinal uses of endemic species of balochistan-province pakistan.201526187276
the polyploid series of the achillea millefolium aggregate in the iberian peninsula investigated using microsatellites.the achillea millefolium aggregate is one of the most diverse polyploid complexes of the northern hemisphere and has its western eurasian boundary in the iberian peninsula. four ploidy levels have been detected in a. millefolium, three of which have already been found in iberia (diploid, hexaploid and octoploid), and a fourth (tetraploid) reported during the preparation of this paper. we collected a sample from 26 iberian populations comprising all ploidy levels, and we used microsatellite marke ...201526091537
effects of artemetin on nitric oxide release and protection against peroxidative injuries in porcine coronary artery endothelial cells.artemetin is one of the main components of achillea millefolium l. and artemisia absinthium, which have long been used for the treatment of various diseases. to date, however, available information about protective effects of their extracts on the cardiovascular system is scarce. therefore, we planned to analyze the effects of artemetin on nitric oxide (no) release and the protection exerted against oxidation in porcine aortic endothelial (pae) cells. in pae, we examined the modulation of no rel ...201526032176
ethnomedicinal plants of kathua district, j&k, india.natural products, especially those derived from plants, continue to provide new and important leads in the drug discovery process. the first step in drug discovery is to document material traditionally used to treat an ailment. documentation of such knowledge will lead to its conservation and facilitate future research on medicinal plant safety and efficacy to validate traditional use. the present study was undertaken with an aim to document the ethnomedicinal plants of kathua district.201526023030
repellent effect and metabolite volatile profile of the essential oil of achillea millefolium against aegorhinus nodipennis (hope) (coleoptera: curculionidae).aegorhinus nodipennis (hope) (coleoptera: curculionidae) is an important native pest in fruit crops that is mainly found in european hazelnut fields in the south of chile. we investigated the behavioral response of a. nodipennis to volatile compounds released from the essential oil of achillea millefolium and its main constituent using olfactometric bioassays. gas chromatographic and mass spectral analysis of the a. millefolium essential oil revealed the presence of 11 compounds. monoterpene β-t ...201526013273
soil-to-plant transfer of native selenium for wild vegetation cover at selected locations of the czech republic.total selenium (se) contents were determined in aboveground biomass of wild plant species growing in two uncultivated meadows at two different locations. the soils in these locations had pseudototal (aqua regia soluble) se in concentration ranges of between 0.2 and 0.3 mg kg(-1) at the first location, and between 0.7 and 1.4 mg kg(-1) at the second location. the plant species represented 29 plant families where the most numerous ones were poaceae, rosaceae, fabaceae , and asteraceae. the seleniu ...201525975239
assessment of the microbial load of some medicinal plants commonly used in romania.this study aims to assess the microbial load of some medicinal plants (matricaria chamomilla, achillea millefolium, ocimum basilicum, calendula officinalis, tilia cordata, hypericum perforatum) commonly used as medicinal teas.201525970977
a cross-cultural comparison of folk plant uses among albanians, bosniaks, gorani and turks living in south kosovo.kosovo represents a unique hotspot of biological and cultural diversity in europe, which allows for interesting cross-cultural ethnobotanical studies. the aims of this study were twofold: 1) to document the state of traditional knowledge related to local (esp. wild) plant uses for food, medicine, and handicrafts in south kosovo; and 2) to examine how communities of different ethnic groups in the region (albanians, bosniaks/gorani, and turks) relate to and value wild botanical taxa in their ecosy ...201525964167
performance of a commercially available plant allergen series in the assessment of suspected occupational contact dermatitis to plants in north indian patients.parthenium hysterophorus is the leading cause of phytogenic allergic contact dermatitis in india. the indian standard series currently supplied by systopic laboratories ltd and manufactured by chemotechnique diagnostics ® contains parthenolide as the only allergen representing plant allergens.201525937142
modulation of antioxidant systems by subchronic exposure to the aqueous extract of leaves from achillea millefolium l. in rats.we determined the effects of subchronic exposure to aqueous extract of leaves from achillea millefolium (ae) on enzyme- and non-enzyme-dependent antioxidant systems in rats. seven days treatment with ae (1 g/kg/twice a day, p.o.) altered the reduced glutathione (gsh) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in several organs of the animals. amount of gsh in uterus was increased (73%) while in kidneys it was decreased (23%). besides, nad(p)h quinone oxidoreductase 1 (nqo1) activity was increased ...201625870009
germacrene a synthase in yarrow (achillea millefolium) is an enzyme with mixed substrate specificity: gene cloning, functional characterization and expression analysis.terpenoid synthases constitute a highly diverse gene family producing a wide range of cyclic and acyclic molecules consisting of isoprene (c5) residues. often a single terpene synthase produces a spectrum of molecules of given chain length, but some terpene synthases can use multiple substrates, producing products of different chain length. only a few such enzymes has been characterized, but the capacity for multiple-substrate use can be more widespread than previously thought. here we focused o ...201525784918
some popular medicinal plants and diseases of the upper palaeolithic in western georgia.palynological studies of cultural layers of cave sediments have been used in order to better understand traditional practices. the upper palaeolithic in georgia (36,000-11,000 cal. bp) provides a rich source of such material. however, up to day from such sediments the identification of medicinal plants has hardly been achieved. large quantities of pollen most notably from entomophilous taxa in fossil spectra can serve as a tool to identify traditionally important species. as these plants are use ...201525769538
a novel reduction strategy of clarithromycin resistance in helicobacter pylori.antibiotic resistance is a major therapeutic problem in patients infected with helicobacter pylori. h. pylori clarithromycin resistant mutants have been evolved during antibiotic therapy, this is mainly due to 23s rrna point mutations.201425741431
effect of adding the herb achillea millefolium on mouthwash on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in cancer patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.oral mucositis (om) is a debilitating side-effect of chemotherapy. it has different complications, including impairment of drinking, eating and even talking, sometimes so severe that physician stops the therapy.201525667123
achillea millefolium l. hydro- alcoholic extract protects pancreatic cells by down regulating il- 1β and inos gene expression in diabetic rats.interleukin-1β (il-1β) has a role in β- cell destruction in autoimmune diabetes by stimulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) that generates the free radical nitric oxide. we aimed to investigate the effect of achillea millefolium l, as a traditional hypoglycemic agent, on il-1β and inos gene expression of pancreatic tissue in the stz- induced diabetic rats. forty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1. diabetic control; 2. diabetic rats treate ...201425635252
biochemical and pathological study of hydroalcoholic extract of achillea millefolium l. on ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in laboratory rats.nephrolithiasis is of the most prevalent urinary tract disease. it seems worthwhile to replace the conventional treatments with more beneficial and safer agents, particularly herbal medicines which are receiving an increasing interest nowadays.201425599052
mediterranean essential oils as effective weapons against the west nile vector culex pipiens and the echinostoma intermediate host physella acuta: what happens around? an acute toxicity survey on non-target mayflies.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) represent a threat for millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for important pathogens, including malaria, yellow fever, dengue and west nile. second to malaria as the world's most widespread parasitic disease, infection by trematodes is a devastating public health problem. in this study, we proposed two essential oils from plants cultivated in mediterranean regions as effective chemicals against mosquitoes and freshwater snails vectors of echinost ...201525563605
a simple electrochemical method for the rapid estimation of antioxidant potentials of some selected medicinal plants.clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancers and other related disorders. these beneficial health effects have been attributed in part to the presence of antioxidants in dietary plants. therefore screening for antioxidant properties of plant extracts has been one of the interests of scientists in this field. different screening methods have been reported for the evaluation of anti ...201225317192
root foraging influences plant growth responses to earthworm foraging.interactions among the foraging behaviours of co-occurring animal species can impact population and community dynamics; the consequences of interactions between plant and animal foraging behaviours have received less attention. in north american forests, invasions by european earthworms have led to substantial changes in plant community composition. changes in leaf litter have been identified as a critical indirect mechanism driving earthworm impacts on plants. however, there has been limited ex ...201425268503
levels of some microelements and essential heavy metals in herbal teas in serbia.levels of fe, mn, cu, zn, mo, co, ni, se, sn and al were determined in 14 medicinal plants from serbia, which are widely used in phytopharmacy as herbal teas. the following plants were investigated: yarrow (achillea millefolium l.), basil (ocimum hasilicum l.), st. john's wort (hypericum perforatum l.), peppermint (mentha x piperita l.), field horsetail (equisetum arvense l.), stinging nettle (urtica dioica l.), thyme (thymus serpyllum l.), maize silk (zea mays l. - maydis stigma), hibiscus (hib ...201425265817
evaluating the efficacy of achillea millefolium and thymus vulgaris extracts against newcastle disease virus in ovo.nowadays natural products such as pure compounds and plant extract scan provide unlimited opportunities for new antiviral drugs. newcastle disease virus (ndv) is one of the most important viral diseases in poultry industry. vaccination could provide protection against ndv outbreaks, but it is not sufficient because infections by ndvs have remained frequent around the world.201425147678
effect of aqueous extract of achillea millefolium on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in c57bl/6 mice.achillea millefolium (a. millefolium) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory remedy in traditional and herbal medicine. in this study, we investigated the effect of an aqueous extract from a. millefolium on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) and on the serum cytokine levels in c57bl/6 mice.024987178
the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of seven plants on cariogenic bacteria--an in vitro evaluation.to compare the antibacterial effect of hydro alcoholic extract of salvia officinalis, pimpinella anisum, satureja hortensis, rhus coriaria, carum copticum, mentha longifolia, achillea millefolium against streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus rhamnosus and actinomyces viscosus through two in vitro methods.201424984654
the melanogenesis alteration effects of achillea millefolium l. essential oil and linalyl acetate: involvement of oxidative stress and the jnk and erk signaling pathways in melanoma cells.the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) family, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)1/2, c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)1/2 and p38 mapk, is known to be activated by ultraviolet (uv) radiation in melanocytes to regulate melanin production. reactive oxygen species (ros) play important roles in the pathway of erk and jnk activation. it has been established that the essential oil of achillea millefolium l. (am-eo) has activities that suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory ...201424743745
contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used european herbal medicinal products - part 1: achillea millefolium-curcuma longa.this review focuses on contact dermatitis as an adverse effect of a selection of topically used herbal medicinal products for which the european medicines agency has completed an evaluation up to the end of november 2013 and for which a community herbal monograph has been produced. part 1: achillea millefolium l.-curcuma longa l.201424621152
medicinal plant extracts can variously modify biofilm formation in escherichia coli.low concentrations of black tea and water extracts from medicinal plants arctostaphylos uva-ursi, vaccinium vitis-idaea, tilia cordata, betula pendula and zea mays stimulated biofilm formation in escherichia coli bw25113 up to three times. similar effect was observed for tannic acid and low concentrations of quercetin. in contrast, the extract from urtica dioica reduced biofilm production. pretreatment with plant extracts variously modified antibiotic effects on specific biofilm formation (sbf). ...201424500005
antimutagenic effect of medicinal plants achillea millefolium and bauhinia forficata in vivo.the investigation of traditionally used medicinal plants is valuable both as a source of potential chemotherapeutic drugs and as a measure of safety for the continued use of these medicinal plants. achillea millefolium l. (am) is an ancient remedial herb native to europe that is used to treat wounds, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders, inflammation, headaches, and pain. bauhinia forficata link (bf), an asiatic plant, is one of the most commonly used plants in folk medicine against diab ...201324459532
cytological investigations and new chromosome number reports in yarrow (achillea millefolium linnaeus, 1753) accessions from iran.in this study, a new chromosome number for iranian yarrow (achillea millefolium l.) accessions was reported. cytological analyses on four achillea millefolium accessions, indicated that two accessions were diploids (2n=2x=18) and two tetraploids (2n=4x=36). cluster analysis based on chromosomal characteristics and karyotype asymmetry, categorized the four accessions separated into two groups. in terms of the stebbins' system, the karyotype of diploid accessions grouped in 2a class. the average v ...201324455101
phytochemical attributes of four conventionally extracted medicinal plants and cytotoxic evaluation of their extracts on human laryngeal carcinoma (hep2) cells.the bioactive composition and cytotoxic and antioxidative/prooxidative effects of four medicinal plants: yarrow (achillea millefolium l.), hawthorn (crataegus oxyacantha l.), ground ivy (glechoma hederacea l.), and olive (olea europea l.) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (hep2) were investigated. water extracts of these plants obtained by infusion, maceration, and decoction were characterized for their polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. based on the extraction efficiency of polyp ...201424325458
antispasmodic effects of yarrow (achillea millefolium l.) extract in the isolated ileum of rat.achillea millefolium l. is cultivated in iran and widely used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of a. millefolium on the contraction and relaxation of isolated ileum in rat. in this experimental study, aerial parts of a. millefolium were extracted by maceration in ethanol 70% for 72 h. terminal portion of ileum in 100 male wistar rats was dissected and its contractions were recorded isotonically in ...201324311877
the effect of hydroethanol extract of achillea millefolium on β-adrenoceptors of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle.different pharmacological effects of achillea millefolium including its relaxant effect on smooth muscle have been shown previously. in the present study the stimulatory effect of the plant extract on β-adrenoceptor of tracheal muscle was examined in order to investigate one possible mechanism for its observed relaxant effect. effect of three concentrations of hydroethanol extract, 10 nm propranolol, and saline on β-adrenoceptor was tested in two experimental groups including; nonincubated trach ...201324302793
heavy metal uptake in transplanted and in situ yarrow (achillea millefolium) and epiphytic cryptogams at rural, urban and industrial localities in denmark.yarrow (achillea millefolium l.) and 3 cryptogamic epiphytes were collected from and transplanted to 10 various locations in denmark. the spatial and temporal variation in pb and cd concentrations of yarrow leaves and the cryptogams were determined. the physical structure of the plant parts, the mobility differences between the metals and the atmospheric fallout of metals at the growing site were believed to be important for the metal uptake. it was concluded, that yarrow leaves give a measure o ...198324258823
influence of cnicin, a sesquiterpene lactone ofcentaurea maculosa (asteraceae), on specialist and generalist insect herbivores.the sesquiterpene lactone cnicin was extracted fromcentaurea maculosa andcentaurea vallesiaca. we examined its effects on the ovipositional response and larval development of generalist and specialist insect herbivores associated withc. maculosa. for the oviposition trials, three plant species (c. maculosa, achillea millefolium, andcichorium intybus), half of which were sprayed with 3% of cnicin, were exposed to the specialist mothsstenodes straminea, agapeta zoegana, andpterolonche inspersa in ...199424242206
transgenerational soil-mediated differences between plants experienced or naïve to a grass invasion.invasive species may undergo rapid change as they invade. native species persisting in invaded areas may also experience rapid change over this short timescale relative to native populations in uninvaded areas. we investigated the response of the native achillea millefolium to soil from holcus lanatus-invaded and uninvaded areas, and we sought to determine whether differential responses between a. millefolium from invaded (invader experienced) and uninvaded (invader naïve) areas were mediated by ...201324198931
quantification of sesquiterpene lactones in asteraceae plant extracts: evaluation of their allergenic potential.sesquiterpene lactones (sls), mainly those with an activated exocyclic methylene group, are important allergens in asteraceae (compositae) plants. as a screening tool, the compositae mix, consisting of five asteraceae plant extracts with allergenic potential (feverfew, tansy, arnica, yarrow, and german chamomile) is part of several national patch test baseline series. however, the sl content of the compositae mix may vary due to the source material. therefore, a simple spectrophotometric method ...201724106675
where does the border lie: locally grown plants used for making tea for recreation and/or healing, 1970s-1990s estonia.traditional use of local wild and cultivated plants for making recreational tea in estonia often borders with the medicinal use of the same plants.201323994468
chemical composition of wild and commercial achillea millefolium l. and bioactivity of the methanolic extract, infusion and decoction.medicinal plants used in folk medicine are being increasingly studied and used on pharmaceutical, food and nutraceutical fields. herein, wild and commercial samples of achillea millefolium l. (yarrow) were chemically characterized with respect to their macronutrients, free sugars, organic acids, fatty acids and tocopherols. furthermore, in vitro antioxidant properties (free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition) and antitumour potential (against breast, l ...201323993599
minireview on achillea millefolium linn.yarrow (achillea millefolium l.) is an important medicinal plant with different pharmaceutical uses. a. millefolium has been used for centuries to treat various diseases including malaria, hepatitis and jaundice. a. millefolium is commonly prescribed to treat liver disorders. it is also used as an anti-inflammatory agent and is a hepatoprotective herb. a. millefolium is considered safe for supplemental use. it has antihepatotoxic effects also. it is prescribed as an astringent agent. it is presc ...201323959026
relative densities of natural enemy and pest insects within california hedgerows.research on hedgerow design for supporting communities of natural enemies for biological control lags behind farmer innovation in california, where assemblages of perennial plant species have been used on crop field margins in the last decade. we compared natural enemy to pest ratios between fields with hedgerows and fields with weedy margins by sampling beneficial insects and key pests of vegetables on sticky cards. we used biweekly vacuum samples to measure the distribution of key insect taxa ...201323905731
identification, characterization, and palynology of high-valued medicinal plants.high-valued medicinal plants achillea millefolium, acorus calamus, arnebia nobilis, fumaria indica, gymnema sylvestre, origanum vulgare, paeonia emodi, peganum harmala, psoralea corylifolia, rauwolfia serpentina, and vetiveria zizanioides were identified with the help of taxonomical markers and investigated for characterization and palynological studies. these parameters are used to analyze their quality, safety, and standardization for their safe use. botanical description and crude drug descri ...201323844389
achillea millefolium l. essential oil inhibits lps-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in raw 264.7 macrophages.achillea millefolium l. is a member of the asteraceae family and has been used in folk medicine in many countries. in this study, 19 compounds in a. millefolium essential oil (am-eo) have been identified; the major components are artemisia ketone (14.92%), camphor (11.64%), linalyl acetate (11.51%) and 1,8-cineole (10.15%). am-eo can suppress the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharides (lps)-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages, including decreased levels of cellular nitric oxide (no) and supe ...201323797659
involvement of bradykinin and prostaglandins in the diuretic effects of achillea millefolium l. (asteraceae).achillea millefolium l. (asteraceae), popularly known as "mil-folhas", is well recognized and widely used in brazilian folk medicine to treat heart and kidney disorders. among its popularly described effects are diuretic and hypotensive actions.201323791807
antioxidative/acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some asteraceae plants.the extracts obtained by 80% etoh from some asteraceae plants (calendula officinalis, inula helenium, arctium lappa, artemisia absinthium and achillea millefolium) were studied. rosmarinic acid, one of the main compounds identified in all extracts, was determined quantitatively by using hplc. in addition, spectrophotometric methods were evaluated as an alternative for rosmarinic acid content determination. total phenolic content was also established for all extracts. a. millefolium extract was f ...201323738456
the acceptability of meadow plants to the slug deroceras reticulatum and implications for grassland restoration.despite the selective pressure slugs may exert on seedling recruitment there is a lack of information in this context within grassland restoration studies. selective grazing is influenced by interspecific differences in acceptability. as part of a larger study of how slug-seedling interactions may influence upland hay meadow restoration, an assessment of relative acceptability is made for seedlings of meadow plants to the slug, deroceras reticulatum.201323632124
mechanisms for success after long-term nutrient enrichment in a boreal forest understory.global levels of reactive nitrogen are predicted to rise in the coming decades as a result of increased deposition from the burning of fossil fuels and the large-scale conversion of nitrogen into a useable form for agriculture. many plant communities respond strongly to increases in soil nitrogen, particularly in northern ecosystems where nitrogen levels are naturally very low. an experiment in northern canada that was initiated in 1990 has been investigating the effects of long-term nutrient en ...201323573298
the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of achillea millefolium on muscarinic receptors of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle.to investigate one possible mechanism for the observed relaxant effect of a. millefolium (achillea millefolium), in the present study the inhibitory effect of the extract of this plant on muscarinic receptors was examined.201523543621
the root herbivore history of the soil affects the productivity of a grassland plant community and determines plant response to new root herbivore attack.insect root herbivores can alter plant community structure by affecting the competitive ability of single plants. however, their effects can be modified by the soil environment. root herbivory itself may induce changes in the soil biota community, and it has recently been shown that these changes can affect plant growth in a subsequent season or plant generation. however, so far it is not known whether these root herbivore history effects (i) are detectable at the plant community level and/or (i ...201323441201
plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 1: a review of preclinical studies.research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. however, a comprehensive review of plant-based anxiolytics has been absent to date. this article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for anxiolytic activity have been performed. in part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for a ...201323436255
ethnobotanical study on traditional use of medicinal plants in south-western serbia, zlatibor district.this paper provides significant ethnobotanical information on medicinal plant uses in the zlatibor district, south-western serbia.201323422337
efficacy of plant extracts and oils as mosquito repellents.some natural products, extract of achillea millefolium (yarrow), birch/pine tar-, citronella-, clove-, eucalyptus-, geranium-, lavender-, lily of the valley- and peppermint oils have been tested for repellency in the laboratory against aedes aegypti and in the field predominantly against aedes communis and a. cinereus. the laboratory tests showed that yarrow extract exhibited a similar repellency as the reference substances n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide and n,n-diethyl-mandelic acid amide. a good repe ...199823195905
ortho hydroxy-substituted molecules might be of importance for the prevention of bloodsucking by mosquitoes.achillea millefolium extract contains several compounds, which prevent aedes aegypti from feeding blood. some of these compounds might interfere with each other. caffeic acid, mandelonitrile glucoside, pyrocatechol, salicylic acid, and stachydrine were chosen for tests in paired mixtures. the effects were mainly antagonistic or additive. exceptions were the mixtures of mandelonitrile glucoside and pyrocatechol, and possibly stachydrine and pyrocatechol where slight synergistic effects could be d ...199823195904
variation in terpene and linear-chain hydrocarbon content in yarrow (achillea millefolium l.) germplasm from the rhaetian alps, italy.yarrow (achillea millefolium l.) is a herbaceous species common in the alpine region of europe and used in folk medicine since antiquity. its organs are rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, two subclasses of plant terpenoids with relevant ecological significance, which were reported as valuable markers for the traceability of mountain dairy products. the variability in chemical composition of yarrow germplasm may be related with its genetic diversity, accounting for possible differences in m ...201223081927
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce the differences in competitiveness between dominant and subordinate plant species.in grassland communities, plants can be classified as dominants or subordinates according to their relative abundances, but the factors controlling such distributions remain unclear. here, we test whether the presence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus intraradices affects the competitiveness of two dominant (taraxacum officinale and agrostis capillaris) and two subordinate species (prunella vulgaris and achillea millefolium). plants were grown in pots in the presence or absence of ...201323064770
increased plant carbon translocation linked to overyielding in grassland species mixtures.plant species richness and productivity often show a positive relationship, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, especially at the plant species level. we examined how growing plants in species mixture influences intraspecific rates of short-term carbon (c-) translocation, and determined whether such short-term responses are reflected in biomass yields. we grew monocultures and mixtures of six common c3 grassland plant species in outdoor mesocosms, applied a (13)c-co(2) pulse ...201223049893
effect of herbal medicine achillea millefolium on plasma nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study.increased plasma nitric oxide concentration has been supposed as one of the possible mechanisms of bleeding tendency in patients who suffer chronic kidney disease. nitric oxide-scavenging properties have been reported with some achillea species. this study was designed to find any possible effect of achillea millefolium on plasma nitric oxide concentration in these patients.201222976260
radiolabeling of methanol extracts of yarrow (achillea millefolium l) in rats.current study is focused on extraction with methanol, purification, labeling with (131)i using iodogen method of the yarrow plant and investigating in vivo biological activity using biodistribution and imaging studies on healthy animal models. the aim of the study is to contribute plant extracts to discover new drugs in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases.201222666741
context dependence in foraging behaviour of achillea millefolium.context-dependent foraging behaviour is acknowledged and well documented for a diversity of animals and conditions. the contextual determinants of plant foraging behaviour, however, are poorly understood. plant roots encounter patchy distributions of nutrients and soil fungi. both of these features affect root form and function, but how they interact to affect foraging behaviour is unknown. we extend the use of the marginal value theorem to make predictions about the foraging behaviour of roots, ...201222622873
water-extractable magnesium, manganese and copper in leaves and herbs of medicinal plants.since herbal teas, infusions and decoctions prepared from medicinal plants are popular remedies, it remains a topical question whether these herbal drugs can be treated as sources of essential elements for humans, who often use them in their everyday diet. therefore, total and water-extractable contents of mg, mn and cu were determined in 41 leaves originating from four botanical species of plantago lanceolata, arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, rubus fruticosus and betula sp., as well as in 33 samples o ...201322574504
anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected pakistani medicinal plants in helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders. in the present study, effect of selected indigenous medicinal plants of pakistan was evaluated on the secretion of interleukin-8 (il-8) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in a bid to rationalize their medicinal ...201222433535
rapid plant identification using species- and group-specific primers targeting chloroplast dna.plant identification is challenging when no morphologically assignable parts are available. there is a lack of broadly applicable methods for identifying plants in this situation, for example when roots grow in mixture and for decayed or semi-digested plant material. these difficulties have also impeded the progress made in ecological disciplines such as soil- and trophic ecology. here, a pcr-based approach is presented which allows identifying a variety of plant taxa commonly occurring in centr ...201222253728
nuclear and plastid haplotypes suggest rapid diploid and polyploid speciation in the n hemisphere achillea millefolium complex (asteraceae).species complexes or aggregates consist of a set of closely related species often of different ploidy levels, whose relationships are difficult to reconstruct. the n hemisphere achillea millefolium aggregate exhibits complex morphological and genetic variation and a broad ecological amplitude. to understand its evolutionary history, we study sequence variation at two nuclear genes and three plastid loci across the natural distribution of this species complex and compare the patterns of such vari ...201222214230
Chemical composition and biological activity of the volatile extracts of Achillea millefolium.In this study, flowering aerial parts of wild Achillea millefolium growing on the Mediterranean coast (Sardinia Island, Italy) and on the Atlantic coast (Portugal- Serra de Montemuro) were used as a matrix for supercritical extraction of volatile oil with CO2 (SFE). The collected extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods and their composition were compared with that of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation. A strong chemical variability in essential oils depending on the origi ...201122164800
anxiolytic-like effects of acute and chronic treatment with achillea millefolium l. extract.ethnopharmacological relevance: achillea millefolium l. (asteraceae), known as yarrow ("mil folhas"), has been used as folk medicine for gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, anxiety, and insomnia. aim: to evaluate the potential anxiolytic-like effect of hydroalcoholic extract of achillea millefolium l. in animal models. methods: the present study evaluated the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of achillea millefolium l. in mice subjected to the elevated plus-maze, ...201122155391
prokinetic effect of a standardized yarrow (achillea millefolium) extract and its constituent choline: studies in the mouse and human stomach.background  functional dyspepsia (fd) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by alterations in gastric motility. yarrow (achillea millefolium l., fam asteraceae) preparations are traditional remedies used to treat dyspeptic complaints. herein, we investigated the effect of a standardized dry water extract obtained from a. millefolium flowering tops (ame) on gastric motility. methods  the effect of ame on motility was evaluated on the resting tone of the isolated gastric an ...201122151891
[microbial carbon utilization in rhizosphere soils of secondary plants in earthquake fault zone of xinjiang].by using biolog technique, this paper studied the microbial carbon utilization in the rhizosphere soils of six kinds of secondary plants in fuyun earthquake fault zone of xinjiang. most of the rhizosphere soils had significantly higher nutrient contents, and all of them had a higher awcd, as compared with the control. there was a distinct difference in the awcd among the six rhizosphere soils. secondary plants less affected the richness but changed the dominance and evenness of the microbial car ...201122126039
Mercury distribution in the soil-plant-air system at the Wanshan mercury mining district in Guizhou, Southwest China.The level of mercury bioaccumulation in wild plants; the distribution of bioavailable Hg, elemental Hg, and total Hg in soil; and the concentration of total gaseous Hg (TGM) in ambient air was studied at three different mining sites (SiKeng [SK], WuKeng [WK], and GouXi [GX]) in the Wanshan mercury mining district of China. Results of the present study showed that the distribution of soil total Hg, elemental Hg, bioavailable Hg, and TGM varies across the three mining sites. Higher soil total Hg ( ...201121935979
volatile chemical composition and bioactivity of six essential oils against the stored food insect sitophilus zeamais motsch. (coleoptera dryophthoridae).essential oils (eos) of achillea millefolium, myrtus communis, rosmarinus officinalis, helichrysum italicum, foeniculum vulgare and lavandula angustifolia were analysed with gc-fid and gc-ms in order to define their aromatic profiles and then their toxicity and repellent activity against sitophilus zeamais motsch. (coleoptera dryophthoridae) with specific bioassays were evaluated. results from topical applications on insects showed that all eos had variable and significant insecticidal activity. ...201121861644
achillinin a, a cytotoxic guaianolide from the flower of yarrow, achillea millefolium.achillinin a (2β,3β-epoxy-1α,4β,10α-trihydroxyguai-11(13)-en-12,6α-olide, 1), a new guaianolide isolated from the flower of achillea millefolium, exhibited potential antiproliferative activity to a549, rerf-lc-kj and qg-90 cells with 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) values of 5.8, 10 and 0.31 µm, respectively.201121821943
anglo-saxon pharmacopoeia revisited: a potential treasure in drug discovery.three of the four major anglo-saxon collections reporting medicinal formulations in england from the 10th century, the old english herbarium, bald's leechbook and the lacnunga, could contain leads and insights into new medicinal uses. previous pharmacological studies of medicinal plants mentioned in anglo-saxon medical texts suggested that some were effective and led to the identification and isolation of natural compounds. for example, matricin from yarrow achillea millefolium l., is a proprion ...201121782968
surface rejuvenating effect of achillea millefolium extract.proopiomelanocortin is a precursor peptide that gives rise to several neuropeptides including adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) and +¦-endorphin. pomc-derived peptides have been shown to be synthesized in human epidermis where they modulate numerous skin functions. because we previously observed that melanocortin receptor-2 and ++-opioid receptor 1, the respective receptors for acth and +¦-endorphin decreased with ageing in human epidermis, we have selected an active ingredient (inci name: ach ...201121711463
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