Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| bio-inspired synthesis of hierarchical self-assembled zinc phosphate nanostructure in presence of cowpea mosaic virus: in vitro cell cycle, proliferation and prospective for tissue regeneration. | self-assembly is an important auto-organization process used in designing structural biomaterials which have potential capabilities in healing tissues after traumatic injuries. notwithstanding, various materials with healing ability after injuries are available, substantial need still exists for developing new material to endorse the healing ability. to address this issue, we have developed a hierarchical 3-dimensional (3d) self-assembled zinc phosphate (zn3(po4)2) in presence of cowpea mosaic v ... | 2017 | 28786816 |
| plant virus expression vectors: a powerhouse for global health. | plant-made biopharmaceuticals have long been considered a promising technology for providing inexpensive and efficacious medicines for developing countries, as well as for combating pandemic infectious diseases and for use in personalized medicine. plant virus expression vectors produce high levels of pharmaceutical proteins within a very short time period. recently, plant viruses have been employed as nanoparticles for novel forms of cancer treatment. this review provides a glimpse into the dev ... | 2017 | 28758953 |
| combination of plant virus nanoparticle-based in situ vaccination with chemotherapy potentiates antitumor response. | immunotherapeutics are gaining more traction in the armamentarium used to combat cancer. specifically, in situ vaccination strategies have gained interest because of their ability to alter the tumor microenvironment to an antitumor state. herein, we investigate whether flexuous plant virus-based nanoparticles formed by the potato virus x (pvx) can be used as an immunotherapeutic for in situ vaccine monotherapy. we further developed dual chemo-immunotherapeutics by incorporating doxorubicin (dox) ... | 2017 | 28650644 |
| immunogenicity of plant-produced african horse sickness virus-like particles: implications for a novel vaccine. | african horse sickness (ahs) is a debilitating and often fatal viral disease affecting horses in much of africa, caused by the dsrna orbivirus african horse sickness virus (ahsv). vaccination remains the single most effective weapon in combatting ahs, as there is no treatment for the disease apart from good animal husbandry. however, the only commercially available vaccine is a live-attenuated version of the virus (lav). the threat of outbreaks of the disease outside its endemic region and the f ... | 2017 | 28650085 |
| enhancing the angular sensitivity of plasmonic sensors using hyperbolic metamaterials. | surface plasmon resonance (spr) sensors operate mainly on prism and grating coupling techniques, with spectral and angular scans being the two major interrogation schemes. among them, the angular scan technique has several advantages including higher measurement precision owing to its higher signal-to-noise ratio. the currently available spr sensor arrangements provide a maximum angular sensitivity of 500°-600° per riu. here, we report the study of grating coupled-hyperbolic metamaterial (gc-hmm ... | 2016 | 28649484 |
| the structures of a naturally empty cowpea mosaic virus particle and its genome-containing counterpart by cryo-electron microscopy. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is a picorna-like plant virus. as well as an intrinsic interest in cpmv as a plant pathogen, cpmv is of major interest in biotechnology applications such as nanotechnology. here, we report high resolution cryo electron microscopy (cryo-em) maps of wild type cpmv containing rna-2, and of naturally-formed empty cpmv capsids. the resolution of these structures is sufficient to visualise large amino acids. we have refined an atomic model for each map and identified an esse ... | 2017 | 28373698 |
| plant viral nanoparticles-based her2 vaccine: immune response influenced by differential transport, localization and cellular interactions of particulate carriers. | cancer vaccines are designed to elicit an endogenous adaptive immune response that can successfully recognize and eliminate residual or recurring tumors. such approaches can potentially overcome shortcomings of passive immunotherapies by generating long-lived therapeutic effects and immune memory while limiting systemic toxicities. a critical determinant of vaccine efficacy is efficient transport and delivery of tumor-associated antigens to professional antigen presenting cells (apcs). plant vir ... | 2017 | 28063980 |
| metagenomic-based screening and molecular characterization of cowpea-infecting viruses in burkina faso. | cowpea, (vigna unguiculata l. (walp)) is an annual tropical grain legume. often referred to as "poor man's meat", cowpea is one of the most important subsistence legumes cultivated in west africa due to the high protein content of its seeds. however, african cowpea production can be seriously constrained by viral diseases that reduce yields. while twelve cowpea-infecting viruses have been reported from africa, only three of these have so-far been reported from burkina faso. here we use a virion- ... | 2016 | 27764211 |
| the role of plasmodesma-located proteins in tubule-guided virus transport is limited to the plasmodesmata. | intercellular spread of plant viruses involves passage of the viral genome or virion through a plasmodesma (pd). some viruses severely modify the pd structure, as they assemble a virion carrying tubule composed of the viral movement protein (mp) inside the pd channel. successful modulation of the host plant to allow infection requires an intimate interaction between viral proteins and both structural and regulatory host proteins. to date, however, very few host proteins are known to promote viru ... | 2016 | 27339685 |
| tropism of cpmv to professional antigen presenting cells enables a platform to eliminate chronic infections. | chronic viral infections (e.g., hiv, hbv, hcv) represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality with over 500 million people infected worldwide. dendritic cells (dcs) and macrophages are key cell types for productive viral replication and persistent systemic infection. we demonstrate that the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) displays tropism for such antigen presenting cells in both mice and humans, thus making it an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery toward viral infectio ... | 2015 | 27280157 |
| free-standing, nanopatterned janus membranes of conducting polymer-virus nanoparticle arrays. | nanostructured mesoscale materials find wide-ranging applications in medicine and energy. top-down manufacturing schemes are limited by the smallest dimension accessible; therefore, we set out to study a bottom-up approach mimicking biological systems, which self-assemble into systems that orchestrate complex energy conversion functionalities. inspired by nature, we turned toward protein-based nanoparticle structures formed by plant viruses, specifically the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). we report ... | 2016 | 27244119 |
| coupling peptide antigens to virus-like particles or to protein carriers influences the th1/th2 polarity of the resulting immune response. | we have conjugated the s9 peptide, a mimic of the group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide, to different carriers in an effort to elicit an optimal immune response. as carriers, we utilized the soluble protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin and virus-like particles (vlps) from two plant viruses, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have found that coupling the peptide to the soluble protein elicits a th2 immune response, as evidenced by the production of the peptide ... | 2016 | 27164150 |
| utilizing viral nanoparticle/dendron hybrid conjugates in photodynamic therapy for dual delivery to macrophages and cancer cells. | photodynamic therapy (pdt) is a promising avenue for greater treatment efficacy of highly resistant and aggressive melanoma. through photosensitizer attachment to nanoparticles, specificity of delivery can be conferred to further reduce potential side effects. while the main focus of pdt is the destruction of cancer cells, additional targeting of tumor-associated macrophages also present in the tumor microenvironment could further enhance treatment by eliminating their role in processes such as ... | 2016 | 27077475 |
| crystal structure and proteomics analysis of empty virus-like particles of cowpea mosaic virus. | empty virus-like particles (evlps) of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) are currently being utilized as reagents in various biomedical and nanotechnology applications. here, we report the crystal structure of cpmv evlps determined using x-ray crystallography at 2.3 å resolution and compare it with previously reported cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em) of evlps and virion crystal structures. although the x-ray and cryo-em structures of evlps are mostly similar, there exist significant differences at the ... | 2016 | 27021160 |
| anti-atherogenic effect of trivalent chromium-loaded cpmv nanoparticles in human aortic smooth muscle cells under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. | atherosclerosis, a major macrovascular complication associated with diabetes, poses a tremendous burden on national health care expenditure. despite extensive efforts, cost-effective remedies are unknown. therapies for atherosclerosis are challenged by a lack of targeted drug delivery approaches. toward this goal, we turn to a biology-derived drug delivery system utilizing nanoparticles formed by the plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the aim herein is to investigate the anti-atherogenic p ... | 2016 | 26935414 |
| proteomic analysis of the plasma membrane-movement tubule complex of cowpea mosaic virus. | cowpea mosaic virus forms tubules constructed from the movement protein (mp) in plasmodesmata (pd) to achieve cell-to-cell movement of its virions. similar tubules, delineated by the plasma membrane (pm), are formed protruding from the surface of infected protoplasts. these pm-tubule complexes were isolated from protoplasts by immunoprecipitation and analysed for their protein content by tandem mass spectrometry to identify host proteins with affinity for the movement tubule. seven host proteins ... | 2016 | 26780773 |
| in situ vaccination with cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles suppresses metastatic cancer. | nanotechnology has tremendous potential to contribute to cancer immunotherapy. the 'in situ vaccination' immunotherapy strategy directly manipulates identified tumours to overcome local tumour-mediated immunosuppression and subsequently stimulates systemic antitumour immunity to treat metastases. we show that inhalation of self-assembling virus-like nanoparticles from cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) reduces established b16f10 lung melanoma and simultaneously generates potent systemic antitumour immun ... | 2016 | 26689376 |
| mechanisms of assembly and genome packaging in an rna virus revealed by high-resolution cryo-em. | cowpea mosaic virus is a plant-infecting member of the picornavirales and is of major interest in the development of biotechnology applications. despite the availability of >100 crystal structures of picornavirales capsids, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of capsid assembly and genome encapsidation. here we have determined cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions for the wild-type virus and an empty virus-like particle, to 3.4 å and 3.0 å resolution, respectively, and built de no ... | 2015 | 26657148 |
| plant-derived chimeric virus particles for the diagnosis of primary sjögren syndrome. | plants are ideal for the production of protein-based nanomaterials because they synthesize and assemble complex multimeric proteins that cannot be expressed efficiently using other platforms. plant viruses can be thought of as self-replicating proteinaceous nanomaterials generally stable and easily produced in high titers. we used potato virus x (pvx), chimeric virus particles, and cowpea mosaic virus, empty virus-like particles to display a linear peptide (lipo) derived from human lipocalin, wh ... | 2015 | 26648961 |
| combining an elastic network with a coarse-grained molecular force field: structure, dynamics, and intermolecular recognition. | structure-based and physics-based coarse-grained molecular force fields have become attractive approaches to gain mechanistic insight into the function of large biomolecular assemblies. here, we study how both approaches can be combined into a single representation, that we term elnedin. in this representation an elastic network is used as a structural scaffold to describe and maintain the overall shape of a protein and a physics-based coarse-grained model (martini-2.1) is used to describe both ... | 2009 | 26616630 |
| virus-derived vectors for the expression of multiple proteins in plants. | this chapter constitutes a practical guide to using the "peaq" vector series for transient or stable expression of one or more protein(s) in nicotiana benthamiana plants. the peaq vectors are a series of small binary vectors designed for controlled expression of multiple proteins in plants. to achieve high levels of expression, an expression system based on translational enhancement by the untranslated regions of rna-2 from cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), named cpmv-ht, is used. the expression vecto ... | 2016 | 26614280 |
| shaping bio-inspired nanotechnologies to target thrombosis for dual optical-magnetic resonance imaging. | arterial and venous thrombosis are among the most common causes of death and hospitalization worldwide. nanotechnology approaches hold great promise for molecular imaging and diagnosis as well as tissue-targeted delivery of therapeutics. in this study, we developed and investigated bioengineered nanoprobes for identifying thrombus formation; the design parameters of nanoparticle shape and surface chemistry, i.e. incorporation of fibrin-binding peptides creka and gprpp, were investigated. two nan ... | 2015 | 26509036 |
| a virus-based nanoplasmonic structure as a surface-enhanced raman biosensor. | fabrication of nanoscale structures with localized surface plasmons allows for substantial increase in sensitivity of chem/bio sensors. the main challenge for realizing complex nanoplasmonic structures in solution is the high level of precision required at the nanoscale to position metal nanoparticles in 3d. in this study, we report a virus-like particle (vlp) for building a 3d plasmonic nanostructure in solution in which gold nanoparticles are precisely positioned on the vlp by directed self-as ... | 2016 | 26432193 |
| rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of m2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors. | the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) of influenza a virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because m2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza a strains. however, native m2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. it was previously shown that fusion of m2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and powerful ... | 2015 | 26022390 |
| development of a non-infectious encapsidated positive control rna for molecular assays to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus. | positive controls are an important component of the quality-control of molecular tests used for diagnosis of livestock diseases. for high consequence agents such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), the positive controls required to monitor template extraction, reverse transcription and amplification steps usually consist of material derived from infectious viruses. therefore, their production is dependent upon the use of high containment facilities and their deployment carries the risks asso ... | 2015 | 25864934 |
| cell death triggered by a putative amphipathic helix of radish mosaic virus helicase protein is tightly correlated with host membrane modification. | systemic necrosis is one of the most severe symptoms caused by plant rna viruses. recently, systemic necrosis has been suggested to have similar features to a defense response referred to as the hypersensitive response (hr), a form of programmed cell death. in virus-infected plant cells, host intracellular membrane structures are changed dramatically for more efficient viral replication. however, little is known about whether this replication-associated membrane modification is the cause of the ... | 2015 | 25650831 |
| cpmv-induced synthesis of hollow mesoporous sio2 nanocapsules with excellent performance in drug delivery. | hollow mesoporous-sio2 nanocapsules have been synthesized at room temperature using unmodified cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) as a template, and without using any catalyst or surfactant during the synthesis. the average size of the capsules synthesized was ∼200-250 nm with a 60-100 nm hollow core. the resulting nanocapsules were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem). the biocompatibility of the hollow mesoporous sio2 nanocapsules was investigated with an mtt as ... | 2015 | 25640798 |
| meeting report vlpnpv: session 5: plant based technology. | the vlpnpv 2014 conference that was convened at the salk institute was the second conference of its kind to focus on advances in production, purification, and delivery of virus-like particles (vlps) and nanoparticles. many exciting developments were reported and discussed in this interdisciplinary arena, but here we report specifically on the contributions of plant-based platforms to vlp vaccine technology as reported in the section of the conference devoted to the topic as well in additional pr ... | 2014 | 25581535 |
| interface of physics and biology: engineering virus-based nanoparticles for biophotonics. | virus-based nanoparticles (vnps) have been used for a wide range of applications, spanning basic materials science and translational medicine. their propensity to self-assemble into precise structures that offer a three-dimensional scaffold for functionalization has led to their use as optical contrast agents and related biophotonics applications. a number of fluorescently labeled platforms have been developed and their utility in optical imaging demonstrated, yet their optical properties have n ... | 2015 | 25541212 |
| structural insights into magnetic clusters grown inside virus capsids. | magnetic nanoparticles have multiple applications in materials science. in particular, virus capsids have been suggested as promising templates for building up nanometric-sized magnetic clusters by taking advantage of their inner cavity as a nanoreactor. in this study we investigate the magnetization of individual cobalt-filled cowpea mosaic virus empty virus-like particles using atomic force microscopy. we also combine the analysis of the effects of dehydration on the structure of virus particl ... | 2014 | 25405995 |
| virus-templated plasmonic nanoclusters with icosahedral symmetry via directed self-assembly. | the assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles with precise spatial and orientational order may lead to structures with new electromagnetic properties at optical frequencies. the directed self-assembly method presented controls the interparticle-spacing and symmetry of the resulting nanometer-sized elements in solution. the self-assembly of three-dimensional (3d), icosahedral plasmonic nanosclusters (ncs) with resonances at visible wavelengths is demonstrated experimentally. the ideal ncs consist of tw ... | 2014 | 24733721 |
| fine-tuning levels of heterologous gene expression in plants by orthogonal variation of the untranslated regions of a nonreplicating transient expression system. | a transient expression system based on a deleted version of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna-2, termed cpmv-ht, in which the sequence to be expressed is positioned between a modified 5' utr and the 3' utr has been successfully used for the plant-based expression of a wide range of proteins, including heteromultimeric complexes. while previous work has demonstrated that alterations to the sequence of the 5' utr can dramatically influence expression levels, the role of the 3' utr in enhancing expres ... | 2014 | 24618146 |
| the use of tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus for the production of novel metal nanomaterials. | due to the nanoscale size and the strictly controlled and consistent morphologies of viruses, there has been a recent interest in utilizing them in nanotechnology. the structure, surface chemistries and physical properties of many viruses have been well elucidated, which have allowed identification of regions of their capsids which can be modified either chemically or genetically for nanotechnological uses. in this review we focus on the use of such modifications for the functionalization and pr ... | 2014 | 24418546 |
| shape matters: the diffusion rates of tmv rods and cpmv icosahedrons in a spheroid model of extracellular matrix are distinct. | nanomaterial-based carrier systems hold great promise to deliver therapies with increased efficacy and reduced side effects. while the state-of-the-art carrier system is a sphere, recent data indicate that elongated rods and filaments have advantageous flow and margination properties, resulting in enhanced vascular targeting and tumor homing. here, we report on the distinct diffusion rates of two bio-inspired carrier systems: 30 nm-sized spherical cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and 300×18 nm-sized t ... | 2013 | 24244867 |
| molecular targeted viral nanoparticles as tools for imaging cancer. | viral nanoparticles (vnps) are a novel class of bionanomaterials that harness the natural biocompatibility of viruses for the development of therapeutics, vaccines, and imaging tools. the plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), has been successfully engineered to create novel cancer-targeted imaging agents by incorporating fluorescent dyes, polyethylene glycol (peg) polymers, and targeting moieties. using straightforward conjugation strategies, vnps with high selectivity for cancer-specific mol ... | 2014 | 24243252 |
| genetic engineering and characterization of cowpea mosaic virus empty virus-like particles. | the development of methods for the production of empty cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) virus-like particles (vlps) that are devoid of rna, evlps, has renewed promise in cpmv capsid technologies. the recombinant nature of cpmv evlp production means that the extent and variety of genetic modifications that may be incorporated into the particles is theoretically much greater than those that can be made to infectious cpmv virions due to restrictions on viral propagation of the latter. free of the infecti ... | 2014 | 24243247 |
| polyelectrolyte-modified cowpea mosaic virus for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. | polyelectrolyte surface-modified cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) can be used for the templated synthesis of narrowly dispersed gold nanoparticles. cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride, is electrostatically bound to the external surface of the virus capsid. the polyelectrolyte-coated cpmv promotes adsorption of aqueous gold hydroxide anionic species, prepared from gold(iii) chloride and potassium carbonate, that are easily reduced to form cpmv-templated gold nanoparticles. the proc ... | 2014 | 24243243 |
| templated mineralization by charge-modified cowpea mosaic virus. | templated mineralization of virus particles provides routes to narrowly dispersed nanoparticles that are not readily prepared by other means. the templated mineralization of metal or metal oxide on the external surface of wild-type cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), a plant virus, is facilitated by increasing the external surface negative charge. this is achieved by the chemical modification of surface lysine groups by succinic anhydride. hence, for example, treatment of charge-modified cpmv succinamat ... | 2014 | 24243242 |
| inheritance of resistance to potato y viruses in phaseolus vulgaris l : 1. two independent genes for resistance to watermelon mosaic virus-2. | resistance to watermelon mosaic virus-2 in phaseolus vulgaris l. is conferred by two distinct dominant alleles at independent loci. based on segregation data one locus is designated wmv, the other, hsw. the dominant allele wmv from cv. great northern 1140 prevents systemic spread of the virus but viral replication occurs in inoculated tissue. in contrast, hsw confers both local and systemic resistance to wmv-2 below 30c. at higher temperatures, plants that carry this allele in the absence of mod ... | 1987 | 24240215 |
| two domains of vimentin are expressed on the surface of lymph node, bone and brain metastatic prostate cancer lines along with the putative stem cell marker proteins cd44 and cd133. | vimentin was originally identified as an intermediate filament protein present only as an intracellular component in many cell types. however, this protein has now been detected on the surface of a number of different cancer cell types in a punctate distribution pattern. increased vimentin expression has been indicated as an important step in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt) required for the metastasis of prostate cancer. here, using two vimentin-specific monoclonal antibodies (sc5 and v9 ... | 2011 | 24212937 |
| plant viral vectors for delivery by agrobacterium. | plant viral vectors delivered by agrobacterium are the basis of several manufacturing processes that are currently in use for producing a wide range of proteins for multiple applications, including vaccine antigens, antibodies, protein nanoparticles such as virus-like particles (vlps), and other protein and protein-rna scaffolds. viral vectors delivered by agrobacterial t-dna transfer (magnifection) have also become important tools in research. in recent years, essential advances have been made ... | 2014 | 23949286 |
| infusion of imaging and therapeutic molecules into the plant virus-based carrier cowpea mosaic virus: cargo-loading and delivery. | this work is focused on the development of a plant virus-based carrier system for cargo delivery, specifically 30nm-sized cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). whereas previous reports described the engineering of cpmv through genetic or chemical modification, we report a non-covalent infusion technique that facilitates efficient cargo loading. infusion and retention of 130-155 fluorescent dye molecules per cpmv using dapi (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride), propidium iodide (3,8-diamino-5-[3 ... | 2013 | 23665254 |
| a method for rapid production of heteromultimeric protein complexes in plants: assembly of protective bluetongue virus-like particles. | plant expression systems based on nonreplicating virus-based vectors can be used for the simultaneous expression of multiple genes within the same cell. they therefore have great potential for the production of heteromultimeric protein complexes. this work describes the efficient plant-based production and assembly of bluetongue virus-like particles (vlps), requiring the simultaneous expression of four distinct proteins in varying amounts. such particles have the potential to serve as a safe and ... | 2013 | 23647743 |
| the peaq vector series: the easy and quick way to produce recombinant proteins in plants. | the peaq vectors are a series of plasmids designed to allow easy and quick production of recombinant proteins in plants. their main feature is the use of the cowpea mosaic virus hypertranslational "cpmv-ht" expression system, which provides high yields of recombinant protein through extremely high translational efficiency without the need for viral replication. since their creation, the peaq vectors have been used to produce a wide variety of proteins in plants. viral proteins and virus-like par ... | 2013 | 23479085 |
| viral nanoparticles for in vivo tumor imaging. | the use of nanomaterials has the potential to revolutionize materials science and medicine. currently, a number of different nanoparticles are being investigated for applications in imaging and therapy. viral nanoparticles (vnps) derived from plants can be regarded as self-assembled bionanomaterials with defined sizes and shapes. plant viruses under investigation in the steinmetz lab include icosahedral particles formed by cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and brome mosaic virus (bmv), both of which ar ... | 2012 | 23183850 |
| systemic transport of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of several viruses assigned to five genera of the 30k family. | we previously showed that the movement protein (mp) gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is functionally exchangeable for the cell-to-cell transport of the corresponding genes of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), brome mosaic virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, cucumber mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have analysed the capacity of the heterologous mps to systemically transport the corresponding chimeric amv genome. all mps were competent in systemic transport but required the fusion at their ... | 2013 | 23136366 |
| interior engineering of a viral nanoparticle and its tumor homing properties. | the development of multifunctional nanoparticles for medical applications is of growing technological interest. a single formulation containing imaging and/or drug moieties that is also capable of preferential uptake in specific cells would greatly enhance diagnostics and treatments. there is growing interest in plant-derived viral nanoparticles (vnps) and establishing new platform technologies based on these nanoparticles inspired by nature. cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) serves as the standard mod ... | 2012 | 23121655 |
| using a virus-derived system to manipulate plant natural product biosynthetic pathways. | a series of vectors (the peaq series) based on cowpea mosaic virus has been developed which allows the rapid transient expression of high levels of foreign protein in plants without the need for viral replication. the plasmids are small binary vectors, which are introduced into plant leaves by agroinfiltration. they are modular in design and allow the insertion of multiple coding sequences on the same segment of t-dna. these properties make the peaq vectors particularly suitable for use in situa ... | 2012 | 23084939 |
| in vivo virus-based macrofluorogenic probes target azide-labeled surface glycans in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. | chemical addressability of viral particles has played a pivotal role in adapting these biogenic macromolecules for various applications ranging from medicine to inorganic catalysis. cowpea mosaic virus possesses multiple features that are advantageous for the next generation of virus-based nanotechnology: consistent multimeric assemblies dictated by its genetic code, facile large scale production, and lack of observable toxicity in humans. herein, the chemistry of the viral particles is extended ... | 2013 | 22998503 |
| differential uptake of chemically modified cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles in macrophage subpopulations present in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments. | there remains a tremendous need to develop targeted therapeutics that can both image and localize the toxic effects of chemotherapeutics and antagonists on diseased tissue while reducing adverse systemic effects. these needs have fostered the development of a nanotechnology-based approach that can combine targeting and toxicity potential. in this study, cpmv nanoparticles were chemically modified with the dye alexa flour 488 and were also tandemly modified with peg1000 followed by af488; and the ... | 2012 | 22963597 |
| endocytic uptake pathways utilized by cpmv nanoparticles. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been used as a nanoparticle platform for biomedical applications including vaccine development, in vivo vascular imaging, and tissue-targeted delivery. a better understanding of the mechanisms of cpmv targeting and cell internalization would enable enhanced targeting and more effective delivery. previous studies showed that, following binding and internalization by mammalian cells, cpmv localizes in a perinuclear late-endosome compartment where it remains for as lo ... | 2013 | 22905759 |
| controlled immobilisation of active enzymes on the cowpea mosaic virus capsid. | immobilisation of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and glucose oxidase (gox) via covalent attachment of modified enzyme carbohydrate to the exterior of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) capsid gave high retention of enzymatic activity. the number of enzymes bound per virus was determined to be about eleven for hrp and 2-3 for gox. this illustrates that relatively large biomacromolecules can be readily coupled to the virus surface using simple conjugation strategies. virus-biomacromolecule hybrids have ... | 2012 | 22865109 |
| cpmv-dox delivers. | the plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), is developed as a carrier of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (dox). cpmv-dox conjugate, in which eighty dox molecules are covalently bound to external surface carboxylates of the viral nanoparticle (vnp), shows greater cytotoxicity than free dox toward hela cells when administered at low dosage. at higher concentrations, cpmv-dox cytotoxicity is time-delayed. the cpmv conjugate is targeted to the endolysosomal compartment of the cells, in which ... | 2013 | 22827473 |
| increased tumor homing and tissue penetration of the filamentous plant viral nanoparticle potato virus x. | nanomaterials with elongated architectures have been shown to possess differential tumor homing properties compared to their spherical counterparts. here, we investigate whether this phenomenon is mirrored by plant viral nanoparticles that are filamentous (potato virus x) or spherical (cowpea mosaic virus). our studies demonstrate that potato virus x (pvx) and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) show distinct biodistribution profiles and differ in their tumor homing and penetration efficiency. analogous ... | 2013 | 22731633 |
| guiding plant virus particles to integrin-displaying cells. | viral nanoparticles (vnps) are structurally regular, highly stable, tunable nanomaterials that can be conveniently produced in high yields. unmodified vnps from plants and bacteria generally do not show tissue specificity or high selectivity in binding to or entry into mammalian cells. they are, however, malleable by both genetic and chemical means, making them useful scaffolds for the display of large numbers of cell- and tissue-targeting ligands, imaging moieties, and/or therapeutic agents in ... | 2012 | 22585108 |
| functional expression and characterization of sesquiterpene synthases from artemisia annua l. using transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana. | artemisia annua l. produces a number of sesquiterpene synthases, which catalyze the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to various sesquiterpenes. the cdnas encoding amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads), a key enzyme in the artemisinin biosynthesis, and epi-cedrol synthase (ecs), a complex sesquiterpene cyclization synthase, were cloned into cowpea mosaic virus-based viral vector (peaq-ht) with kozak consensus motif and c-terminal histidine tag. the plasmids were transformed into agrobacterium lba44 ... | 2012 | 22565787 |
| rna viral vectors for improved agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of heterologous proteins in nicotiana benthamiana cell suspensions and hairy roots. | plant cell suspensions and hairy root cultures represent scalable protein expression platforms. low protein product titers have thus far limited the application of transient protein expression in these hosts. the objective of this work was to overcome this limitation by harnessing a. tumefaciens to deliver replicating and non-replicating rna viral vectors in plant tissue co-cultures. | 2012 | 22559055 |
| development of viral nanoparticles for efficient intracellular delivery. | viral nanoparticles (vnps) based on plant viruses such as cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) can be used for a broad range of biomedical applications because they present a robust scaffold that allows functionalization by chemical conjugation and genetic modification, thereby offering an efficient drug delivery platform that can target specific cells and tissues. vnps such as cpmv show natural affinity to cells; however, cellular uptake is inefficient. here we show that chemical modification of the cpmv ... | 2012 | 22508503 |
| transient expression of hemagglutinin antigen from low pathogenic avian influenza a (h7n7) in nicotiana benthamiana. | the influenza a virus is of global concern for the poultry industry, especially the h5 and h7 subtypes as they have the potential to become highly pathogenic for poultry. in this study, the hemagglutinin (ha) of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus of the h7n7 subtype isolated from a swedish mallard anas platyrhynchos was sequenced, characterized and transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana. recently, plant expression systems have gained interest as an alternative for the production of v ... | 2012 | 22442675 |
| interaction of cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles with surface vimentin and inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic lesions. | detection of atherosclerosis has generally been limited to the late stages of development, after cardiovascular symptoms present or a clinical event occurs. one possibility for early detection is the use of functionalized nanoparticles. the aim of this study was the early imaging of atherosclerosis using nanoparticles with a natural affinity for inflammatory cells in the lesion. | 2012 | 22394183 |
| comparative analysis of recombinant human papillomavirus 8 l1 production in plants by a variety of expression systems and purification methods. | human papillomavirus 8 (hpv-8), one of the high-risk cutaneous papillomaviruses (chpvs), is associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis and nonmelanoma skin cancer in immuno-compromised individuals. currently, no vaccines against chpvs have been reported; however, recent studies on cross-neutralizing properties of their capsid proteins (cp) have fostered an interest in vaccine production against these viruses. we examined the potential of producing hpv-8 major cp l1 in nicotiana benthamiana ... | 2012 | 22260326 |
| efficient production of chimeric human papillomavirus 16 l1 protein bearing the m2e influenza epitope in nicotiana benthamiana plants. | abstract: | 2011 | 22085463 |
| peptide-controlled access to the interior surface of empty virus nanoparticles. | the structure of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is known to high resolution, thereby enabling the rational use of the particles in diverse applications, from vaccine design to nanotechnology. a recently devised method for the production of empty virus-like particles (evlps) has opened up new possibilities for cpmv capsid-based technologies, such as internal mineralisation of the particle. we have investigated the role of the carboxyl (c) terminus of the small coat (s) protein in controlling access t ... | 2011 | 21953809 |
| capillarity-induced disassembly of virions in carbon nanotubes. | studying the transport and fate of viruses through nanochannels is of great importance. by using the nanochannel of a carbon nanotube (cnt) as an ideal model, we evaluated the possibility of capillarity-induced viral transport through a closely fitting nanochannel and explored the mechanisms involved. it is shown both experimentally and theoretically that cowpea mosaic virus can enter cnts by capillarity. however, when introduced into a nanotube the protein capsid may disassemble. during the ini ... | 2008 | 21825654 |
| improved expression and purification of recombinant human serum albumin from transgenic tobacco suspension culture. | most human serum albumin (hsa) for medical applications is derived from human plasma due to the lack of suitable heterologous expression systems for recombinant hsa (rhsa). to determine whether plant cell cultures could provide an alternative source, we employed the hyper-translatable cowpea mosaic virus protein expression system (cpmv-ht) to stably express rhsa in tobacco bright yellow-2 (by-2) cells. rhsa was stably produced with yield up to 11.88µg/ml in the culture medium, accounting for 0.7 ... | 2011 | 21762733 |
| evaluation of nanoparticle uptake in tumors in real time using intravital imaging. | current technologies for tumor imaging, such as ultrasound, mri, pet and ct, are unable to yield high-resolution images for the assessment of nanoparticle uptake in tumors at the microscopic level(1,2,3,) highlighting the utility of a suitable xenograft model in which to perform detailed uptake analyses. here, we use high-resolution intravital imaging to evaluate nanoparticle uptake in human tumor xenografts in a modified, shell-less chicken embryo model. the chicken embryo model is particularly ... | 2011 | 21730939 |
| cpmv-polyelectrolyte-templated gold nanoparticles. | the use of polyelectrolyte surface-modified cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) for the templated synthesis of narrowly dispersed gold nanoparticles is described. the cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (pah), is electrostatically bound to the external surface of the virus capsid; the polyelectrolyte promotes the adsorption of anionic gold complexes, which are then easily reduced, under mild conditions, to form a metallic gold coating. as expected, the templated gold nanoparticles ca ... | 2011 | 21657200 |
| participation of the cowpea mosaic virus protease in eliciting extreme resistance. | extreme resistance of arlington line cowpea (vigna unguiculata) to cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is under control of a dominant locus designated cpa. we transiently expressed, using tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) vectors and agrobacterium tumefaciens, in nearly isogenic cpa/cpa and cpa/cpa cowpea lines, sequences from rna1, the larger of two cpmv genomic rnas. activation of a cpa-specific response mapped to the cpmv 24k protease (24kpro). mutational analysis of the 24kpro gene implicated protease ... | 2011 | 21640367 |
| not as they seem. | i recount the early influences that directed me to toward a career in research and then describe some efforts investigating cowpea mosaic virus and the satellite rna of tobacco ringspot virus. these descriptions have a common theme of surprise, how things often can be not as they are expected to be. finally, i examine the widely held belief that a plant transgene derived from a distant taxonomic source presents a greater risk than a transgene derived from a closely related plant and contend that ... | 2010 | 21639782 |
| intravital imaging of human prostate cancer using viral nanoparticles targeted to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. | multivalent nanoparticles have several key advantages in terms of solubility, binding avidity, and uptake, making them particularly well suited to molecular imaging applications. herein is reported the stepwise synthesis and characterization of nir viral nanoparticles targeted to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors that are over-expressed in human prostate cancers. the pan-bombesin analogue, [β-ala11, phe13, nle14]bombesin-(7-14), is conjugated to cowpea mosaic virus particles functionalized wit ... | 2011 | 21520408 |
| cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles target surface vimentin on cancer cells. | vimentin, a type iii intermediate filament, is upregulated during epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor progression. vimentin is surface-expressed on cells involved in inflammation; the function remains unknown. we investigated the expression of surface vimentin on cancer cells and evaluated targeting nanoparticles to tumors exploiting vimentin. | 2011 | 21385137 |
| recent advances of cowpea mosaic virus-based particle technology. | particles of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) have enjoyed considerable success as a means of presenting peptides for vaccine purposes. however, the existing technology has limitations in regard to the size and nature of the peptides which can be presented and has problems regarding bio-containment. recent developments suggest ways by which these problems can be overcome, increasing the range of potential applications of cpmv-based particle technology. | 2011 | 21368585 |
| molecular electronics based nanosensors on a viral scaffold. | assembling and interconnecting the building blocks of nanoscale devices and being able to electronically address or measure responses at the molecular level remains an important challenge for nanotechnology. here we show the usefulness of bottom-up self-assembly for building electronic nanosensors from multiple components that have been designed to interact in a controlled manner. cowpea mosaic virus was used as a scaffold to control the positions of gold nanoparticles. the nanoparticles were th ... | 2011 | 21185715 |
| rapid transient production in plants by replicating and non-replicating vectors yields high quality functional anti-hiv antibody. | the capacity of plants and plant cells to produce large amounts of recombinant protein has been well established. due to advantages in terms of speed and yield, attention has recently turned towards the use of transient expression systems, including viral vectors, to produce proteins of pharmaceutical interest in plants. however, the effects of such high level expression from viral vectors and concomitant effects on host cells may affect the quality of the recombinant product. | 2010 | 21103044 |
| chemically-coupled-peptide-promoted virus nanoparticle templated mineralization. | the external surface of the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) can be chemically modified with peptides that direct specific mineralization processes. subsequent mineralization of the peptide-cpmv conjugates produces monodisperse nanoparticles of ca. 32 nm diameter coated with, for example, cobalt-platinum, iron-platinum or zinc sulfide, which cannot be readily prepared by other methods. this route is particularly attractive as it avoids the need to genetically engineer the protein surface o ... | 2011 | 21031174 |
| virus templated metallic nanoparticles. | plant viruses are considered as nanobuilding blocks that can be used as synthons or templates for novel materials. cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles have been shown to template the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles by an electroless deposition metallization process. palladium ions were electrostatically bound to the virus capsid and, when reduced, acted as nucleation sites for the subsequent metal deposition from solution. the method, although simple, produced highly monodisperse metallic ... | 2010 | 20877898 |
| virus hybrids as nanomaterials for biotechnology. | the current review describes advances in the field of bionanotechnology in which viruses are used to fabricate nanomaterials. viruses are introduced as protein cages, scaffolds, and templates for the production of biohybrid nanostructured materials where organic and inorganic molecules are incorporated in a precise and a controlled fashion. genetic engineering enables the insertion or replacement of selected amino acids on virus capsids for uses from bioconjugation to crystal growth. the variety ... | 2010 | 20688511 |
| intravital imaging of embryonic and tumor neovasculature using viral nanoparticles. | viral nanoparticles are a novel class of biomolecular agents that take advantage of the natural circulatory and targeting properties of viruses to allow the development of therapeutics, vaccines and imaging tools. we have developed a multivalent nanoparticle platform based on the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) that facilitates particle labeling at high density with fluorescent dyes and other functional groups. compared with other technologies, cpmv-based viral nanoparticles are particularly suited f ... | 2010 | 20671724 |
| redox-active ferrocene-modified cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles. | a naturally occurring nanoparticle, the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus, can be decorated with ferrocene derivatives, of various linker lengths with amine and carboxylate groups, on the external surface using a range of conjugation strategies. the multiple, organometallic, redox-active ferrocene moieties on the outer surface of the virus are electrochemically independent with reduction potentials that span a potential window of 0.16 v that are dependent on the site of modification and the nature ... | 2010 | 20623052 |
| cowpea mosaic virus: effects on host cell processes. | summary taxonomy: cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is the type member of the comoviridae and bears a strong resemblance to animal picornaviruses, both in gene organization and in the amino acid sequence of replication proteins. little systematic work has been done to compare isolates of the virus from different parts of the world. physical properties: purified preparations of virus contain three centrifugal components; empty protein shells without rna (t) and two nucleoprotein components (m and b), co ... | 2002 | 20569348 |
| cowpea mosaic virus: the plant virus-based biotechnology workhorse. | in the 50 years since it was first described, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has become one of the most intensely studied plant viruses. research in the past 15 to 20 years has shifted from studying the underlying genetics and structure of the virus to focusing on ways in which it can be exploited in biotechnology. this work led first to the use of virus particles to present peptides, then to the creation of a variety of replicating virus vectors and finally to the development of a highly efficient ... | 2010 | 20455698 |
| defining criteria for oligomannose immunogens for hiv using icosahedral virus capsid scaffolds. | the broadly neutralizing antibody 2g12 recognizes a conserved cluster of high-mannose glycans on the surface envelope spike of hiv, suggesting that the "glycan shield" defense of the virus can be breached and may, under the right circumstances, serve as a vaccine target. in an attempt to recreate features of the glycan shield semisynthetically, oligomannosides were coupled to surface lysines on the icosahedral capsids of bacteriophage q beta and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the q beta glycoconjug ... | 2010 | 20416507 |
| cowpea mosaic virus unmodified empty viruslike particles loaded with metal and metal oxide. | 2010 | 20213652 | |
| hydrazone ligation strategy to assemble multifunctional viral nanoparticles for cell imaging and tumor targeting. | multivalent nanoparticle platforms are attractive for biomedical applications because of their improved target specificity, sensitivity, and solubility. however, their controlled assembly remains a considerable challenge. an efficient hydrazone ligation chemistry was applied to the assembly of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) nanoparticles with individually tunable levels of a vegfr-1 ligand and a fluorescent pegylated peptide. the nanoparticles recognized vegfr-1 on endothelial cell lines and vegfr1- ... | 2010 | 20163184 |
| nanoindentation of virus capsids in a molecular model. | a molecular-level model is used to study the mechanical response of empty cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) capsids. the model is based on the native structure of the proteins that constitute the capsids and is described in terms of the c(alpha) atoms. nanoindentation by a large tip is modeled as compression between parallel plates. plots of the compressive force versus plate separation for ccmv are qualitatively consistent with continuum models and experiments, ... | 2010 | 20078182 |
| interaction of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) nanoparticles with antigen presenting cells in vitro and in vivo. | plant viruses such as cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) are increasingly being developed for applications in nanobiotechnology including vaccine development because of their potential for producing large quantities of antigenic material in plant hosts. in order to improve efficacy of viral nanoparticles in these types of roles, an investigation of the individual cell types that interact with the particles is critical. in particular, it is important to understand the interactions of a potential vaccine ... | 2009 | 19956734 |
| buckyballs meet viral nanoparticles: candidates for biomedicine. | fullerenes such as c(60) show promise as functional components in several emerging technologies. for biomedical applications, c(60) has been used in gene- and drug-delivery vectors, as imaging agents, and as photosensitizers in cancer therapy. a major drawback of c(60) for bioapplications is its insolubility in water. to overcome this limitation, we covalently attached c(60) derivatives to cowpea mosaic virus and bacteriophage qbeta virus-like particles, which are examples of naturally occurring ... | 2009 | 19904938 |
| environmentally benign synthesis of virus-templated, monodisperse, iron-platinum nanoparticles. | the use of an engineered variant of a plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), as a template for directed mineralization provides an environmentally benign route to monodisperse iron-platinum nanoparticles of approximately 30 nm diameter. | 2009 | 19809720 |
| [cowpea mosaic virus chimeric particles bearing ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) of influenza a virus: production and characteristics]. | the epitope presentation system for ectodomain of m2-protein of influenza a virus (m2e) based on cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) was constructed for expression in plants vigna unguiculata. cpmv is widely used as a vector for production of immunogenic chimeric virus particles (cvps) bearing epitopes of different infectious human and animal pathogens. to produce chimeric cpmv virus particles in plants, two binary vectors were constructed bearing modified gene coding for s-coat protein of cpmv with inse ... | 2009 | 19807038 |
| steric and electrostatic complementarity in the assembly of two-dimensional virus arrays. | a highly ordered assembly of biological molecules provides a powerful means to study the organizational principles of objects at the nanoscale. two-dimensional cowpea mosaic virus arrays were assembled in an ordered manner on mica using osmotic depletion effects and a drop-and-dry method. the packing of the virus array was controlled systematically from rhombic packing to hexagonal packing by modulating the concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) surfactant in the virus solutions. the orientatio ... | 2010 | 19754157 |
| efficient generation of cowpea mosaic virus empty virus-like particles by the proteolytic processing of precursors in insect cells and plants. | to elucidate the mechanism of formation of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles, rna-2-encoded precursor proteins were expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells. processing of the 105k and 95k polyproteins in trans to give the mature large (l) and small (s) coat proteins required both the 32k proteinase cofactor and the 24k proteinase itself, while processing of vp60, consisting of the fused l-s protein, required only the 24k proteinase. release of the l and s proteins resulted in the formation o ... | 2009 | 19733890 |
| peaq: versatile expression vectors for easy and quick transient expression of heterologous proteins in plants. | agro-infiltration of leaf tissue with binary vectors harbouring a sequence of interest is a rapid method of expressing proteins in plants. it has recently been shown that flanking the sequence to be expressed with a modified 5'-untranslated region (utr) and the 3'-utr from cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna-2 (cpmv-ht) within the binary vector pbinplus greatly enhances the level of expression that can be achieved [sainsbury, f. and lomonossoff, g.p. (2008)plant physiol. 148, 1212-1218]. to exploit t ... | 2009 | 19627561 |
| exploitation of plant and archaeal viruses in bionanotechnology. | cpmv (cowpea mosaic virus), a plant virus, is a naturally occurring sphere-like nanoparticle, and is used as a synthon and/or template in bionanoscience. the virions formed by cpmv can be regarded as programmable nanobuilding blocks with a diameter of approximately 30 nm. a range of molecules have been attached to this viral nanoscaffold, yielding stable nanoparticles that display multiple copies of the desired molecule. it has been shown that, in addition to surface amine groups, surface carbox ... | 2009 | 19614572 |
| cowpea mosaic virus nanoscaffold as signal enhancement for dna microarrays. | previous studies have shown that a functionalized viral nanoparticle can be used as a fluorescent signal-generating element and enhance detection sensitivity for immunoassays and low density microarrays. in this study, we further tested this ability in commercial dna microarrays, including affymetrix high density resequencing microarray. optimum conditions for neutravidin and dye coupling to a double-cysteine mutant of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) were found to be comparable to the commonly used s ... | 2009 | 19576757 |
| measurement of monovalent and polyvalent carbohydrate-lectin binding by back-scattering interferometry. | carbohydrate-protein binding is important to many areas of biochemistry. here, backscattering interferometry (bsi) has been shown to be a convenient and sensitive method for obtaining quantitative information about the strengths and selectivities of such interactions. the surfaces of glass microfluidic channels were covalently modified with extravidin, to which biotinylated lectins were subsequently attached by incubation and washing. the binding of unmodified carbohydrates to the resulting avid ... | 2009 | 19462965 |
| endothelial targeting of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) via surface vimentin. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is a plant comovirus in the picornavirus superfamily, and is used for a wide variety of biomedical and material science applications. although its replication is restricted to plants, cpmv binds to and enters mammalian cells, including endothelial cells and particularly tumor neovascular endothelium in vivo. this natural capacity has lead to the use of cpmv as a sensor for intravital imaging of vascular development. binding of cpmv to endothelial cells occurs via inter ... | 2009 | 19412526 |
| viral nanoparticles associate with regions of inflammation and blood brain barrier disruption during cns infection. | targeted treatment of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (cns) remains problematic due to the complex pathogenesis of these disorders and difficulty in drug delivery. the plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), has recently been explored as a nanoparticle delivery system for therapeutics targeting a number of diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. to understand the biodistribution of cpmv in the cns, we examined cpmv uptake during infection of mice with neurotropic mo ... | 2009 | 19394707 |
| capillary zone electrophoresis of cowpea mosaic virus and peak identification. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) was analyzed by cze and the two separated subcomponents recorded at approximately 2.2 and approximately 2.7 min were respectively designated to be the slow electrophoretic form of cpmv (cpmv(s)) and the fast electrophoretic form of cpmv (cpmv(f)), the two electrophoretic forms of cpmv, by the following methods: first, cze analysis of the biospecific complexes of cpmv and anti-cpmv polyclonal antibody proved the properties of cpmv; second, isolation and cze analysis of ... | 2009 | 19343726 |
| pegylated viral nanoparticles for biomedicine: the impact of peg chain length on vnp cell interactions in vitro and ex vivo. | pegylation is an effective strategy for reducing biospecific interactions for pharmaceuticals. the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been studied for potential nanobiomedical applications by virtue of its natural interactions with mammalian endothelial cells. to investigate the degree of pegylation required to retarget cpmv-based formulations to other destinations, two cpmv-peg formulations, cpmv-peg1000 (p1) and cpmv-peg2000 (p2) were tested. modeling suggested that the peg chains were ... | 2009 | 19281149 |
| biomedical nanotechnology using virus-based nanoparticles. | a great challenge in biomedicine is the ability to target therapeutics to specific locations in the body in order to increase therapeutic benefit and minimize adverse effects. virus-based nanotechnology takes advantage of the natural circulatory and targeting properties of viruses, in order to design therapeutics and vaccines that specifically target tissues of interest in vivo. cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and flock house virus (fhv) nanoparticle-based strategies hold great promise for the design ... | 2009 | 19198572 |