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using continuous-time spatial capture-recapture models to make inference about animal activity patterns.quantifying the distribution of daily activity is an important component of behavioral ecology. historically, it has been difficult to obtain data on activity patterns, especially for elusive species. however, the development of affordable camera traps and their widespread usage has led to an explosion of available data from which activity patterns can be estimated.continuous-time spatial capture-recapture (ct scr) models drop the occasion structure seen in traditional spatial and nonspatial cap ...202033145005
first identification and molecular phylogeny of sparganum proliferum from endangered felid (panthera onca) and other wild definitive hosts in one of the regions with highest worldwide biodiversity.after decades of being neglected, broad tapeworms now attract growing attention thanks to the increasing number of reports from humans but also thanks to many advancements achieved by application of molecular methods in diagnosis and epidemiological studies. regarding sparganosis, unfortunately general uniformity of most species, their high intraspecific variability and lack of agreement among researchers has led to confusion about the classification of spirometra/sparganum species. for the firs ...202033083226
a stochastic model of jaguar abundance in the peruvian amazon under climate variation scenarios.the jaguar (panthera onca) is the dominant predator in central and south america, but is now considered near-threatened. estimating jaguar population size is difficult, due to uncertainty in the underlying dynamical processes as well as highly variable and sparse data. we develop a stochastic temporal model of jaguar abundance in the peruvian amazon, taking into account prey availability, under various climate change scenarios. the model is calibrated against existing data sets and an elicitatio ...202033072299
cellular characterization and effects of cryoprotectant solutions on the viability of fibroblasts from three brazilian wild cats.preserving genetic material in cryogenic conditions presents a viable alternative for the protection of species' gene variability. however, there is an enormous need to establish and test cryopreservation protocols that are suitable for each diverse cell type to guarantee technical success in the long run. considering this, fibroblasts from jaguar (panthera onca), oncilla (leopardus tigrinus), and pampas cat (leopardus colocolo) were subjected to cell characterization and then cryopreservation i ...202033035068
heterologous microsatellite primers are informative for paca (cuniculus paca), a large rodent with economic and ecological importance.this study was designed to facilitate genetic studies that would allow information on population structure and genetic diversity of natural or captive stocks of paca (cuniculus paca), a species of ecological and socioeconomic importance, by testing cross-amplification of 20 heterologous microsatellite primer pairs developed for guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) and capybara (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).202033028373
the differential genetic signatures related to climatic landscapes for jaguars and pumas on a continental scale.modern and paleoclimate changes may have altered species dynamics by shifting species' niche suitability over space and time. we analyze whether the current genetic structure and isolation of the two large american felids, jaguar (panthera onca) and puma (puma concolor), are mediated by changes in climatic suitability and connection routes over modern and paleoclimatic landscapes. we estimate species distribution under 5 climatic landscapes (modern, holocene, last maximum glaciations [lmg], aver ...202032929877
carnivore protoparvovirus-1 associated with an outbreak of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in small indian civets.carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (cppv-1) infection has been reported frequently in both domestic and wildlife species including wild carnivores. fifty-five captive small indian civets (viverricula indica), farmed for perfume production in eastern thailand, showed clinical signs of acute bloody diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, circling, and seizures. the disease spread within the farm and resulted in the death of 38 of the 55 civets (69% mortality) within a month. fecal swabs were collected from the 17 ...202032880233
identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as sars-cov-2 inhibitors for covid-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies.coronavirus disease (covid-19), a life-threatening disease, is caused by sars-cov-2. the targeted therapeutics of small molecules helps the scientific community to fight against sars-cov-2. in this article, some oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines (a1-a48) was designed by docking, mm-gbsa and molecular dynamics (md) simulation studies for their covid-19 inhibitory activity. the docking of ligands a1-a48 against sars-cov-2 (pdb id: 5r82) are performed by using glide module, in silico admet scr ...202032720578
"with tramadol, i ride like a jaguar": a qualitative study of motivations for non-medical purpose tramadol use among commercial vehicle operators in kumasi, ghana.the misuse of tramadol has become a major aspect of the wider substance use challenge in recent years and is evolving into a health crisis at an alarming rate. however, literature on motivations for non-medical purpose tramadol use among commercial vehicle operators remains inadequate. the aim of this study was to document the motivations for non-medical purposes tramadol use in kumasi. such an understanding could inform policy direction to regulate non-medical purposes tramadol use in ghana.202032703243
puberty and oestral cycle length in captive female jaguars panthera onca.habitat loss and fragmentation have been leading jaguars to constant conflicts with humans, and as a result, jaguar populations have been declining over the last decades. captive breeding is often a tool for species conservation, and it is not different for jaguars. however, success is far from optimal due to the lack of basic knowledge about species' reproductive biology. in the present study, we assessed gonadal hormonal profiles of natural oestral cycles and puberty and compared our data to t ...202032577289
spatially explicit capture recapture density estimates: robustness, accuracy and precision in a long-term study of jaguars (panthera onca).camera trapping is the standard field method of monitoring cryptic, low-density mammal populations. typically, researchers run camera surveys for 60 to 90 days and estimate density using closed population spatially explicit capture-recapture (scr) models. the scr models estimate density, capture probability (g0), and a scale parameter (σ) that reflects ranging behaviour. we used a year of camera data from 20 camera stations to estimate the density of male jaguars (panthera onca) in the cockscomb ...202032511240
illegal trade in wild cats and its link to chinese-led development in central and south america.seizures of hundreds of jaguar heads and canines in central and south america from 2014 to 2018 resulted in worldwide media coverage suggesting that wildlife traffickers are trading jaguar body parts as substitutes for tiger parts to satisfy the demand for traditional asian medicine. we compiled a data set of >1000 seized wild cats (jaguar [panthera onca], puma [puma concolor], and ocelot [leopardus pardalis]) from 19 central and south american countries and china. we ran generalized additive mi ...202032484587
biospytial: spatial graph-based computing for ecological big data.the exponential accumulation of environmental and ecological data together with the adoption of open data initiatives bring opportunities and challenges for integrating and synthesising relevant knowledge that need to be addressed, given the ongoing environmental crises.202032391910
early experience with self-expanding flexible stent for the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases in the popliteal arteryintroduction: the incidence of peripheral arterial diseases and the rate of chronic limb-threatening ischaemia are increasing year by year. minimally invasive peripheral interventions have gradually replaced traditional operations. earlier steno-occlusion of the popliteal artery was an indication for femoropopliteal bypass below the knee. nowadays, endovascular procedures are also used, but the indication of the stent placement into the popliteal artery is controversial.aim: we have been using j ...202032323935
china's lust for jaguar fangs imperils big cats. 201832094877
can jaguar (panthera onca) ovulate without copulation?threatened of extinction in brazil, the jaguar is the largest predator in latin america, playing an important role in the ecosystem where it is inserted. despite of some important studies in this species, its reproductive physiology needs to be better understood for the development of more effective reproductive biotechnologies. one well studied biological aspect is the occurrence of ovulation following stimulation of the vaginal floor during copulation. this mechanical stimulation is responsibl ...202032092606
cystoisospora felis infection in a captive jaguar cub (panthera onca) in michoacán, méxico.cystoisospora felis (wenyon 1923) was identified in a 3-month-old, captive jaguar (panthera onca) presenting with signs of gastrointestinal distress. the cub was fed beef, chicken, and commercial diet. examination of fresh feces detected large (47.8 μm × 35 μm) unsporulated oocysts. sporulated oocysts contained 2 sporocysts, each with 4 sporozoites. oocyst morphometrics agreed with published features of c. felis described from domestic felines. partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit ...202032057398
feeding interactions in an assemblage of terrestrial carnivores in central mexico.we evaluated the strategies of resources partitioning among species, dietary overlap and niche breadth in an assemblage of carnivores integrated by top predators (puma concolor and panthera onca) and mesopredators(leoparduspardalis,leoparduswiedii,puma yagouaroundi,nasuanarica andurocyoncinereoargenteus). the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms explaining the coexistence among species at a temperate zone in central mexico.201531966103
predation by jaguar on howler monkeys (alouatta seniculus) in venezuela.we document the loss of all but the youngest member of a troop of six howler monkeys due to probable jaguar predation during a 7-month period in 1988. the formation of guri lake resulted in forest fragmentation which forced monkeys into new and unfamiliar areas and altered the balance of predator and prey populations, and may thus have contributed indirectly to the success of the jaguar. the selection of defoliated (dead) trees for sleeping sites by the howlers may have directly increased the ri ...199231941210
review of canine distemper vaccination use and safety in north american captive large felids (panthera spp.) from 2000 to 2017.data on canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccination were collected on 812 large felids (351 tigers, panthera tigris; 220 lions, panthera leo; 143 snow leopards, panthera uncia; 50 leopards, panthera pardus; and 48 jaguars, panthera onca) from 48 institutions to assess vaccine use and safety. the documented individual vaccination events with multiple products numbered 2,846. canarypox-vectored cdv vaccines were the most commonly used vaccines (96.3% of all vaccinations) and the purevax® ferret diste ...202031926507
population genetic structure and habitat connectivity for jaguar (panthera onca) conservation in central belize.connectivity among jaguar (panthera onca) populations will ensure natural gene flow and the long-term survival of the species throughout its range. jaguar conservation efforts have focused primarily on connecting suitable habitat in a broad-scale. accelerated habitat reduction, human-wildlife conflict, limited funding, and the complexity of jaguar behaviour have proven challenging to maintain connectivity between populations effectively. here, we used non-invasive genetic sampling and individual ...201931881935
influence of opefera on the colon motility of rats in the conditions of prolonged gastric juice hypoacidity.introduction: gastric hypohlorhydria is the result of inflammatory process in the intestine caused by dysbiosis. multiprobiotics significantly improve the colon's motility. not only probiotics, but also synbiotics are used to eliminate dysbiosis. the aim of the work was to study the effect of opefera on spontaneous and stimulated contractile activity of the colon in rats.201931860855
a new species of spiny driftwood catfish spinipterus (siluriformes: auchenipteridae) from the amazon basin.an expedition to the middle rio purus basin uncovered a remarkable new species of the genus spinipterus. the new species has a very distinct and conspicuous colour pattern resembling a jaguar and it is almost four times larger than spinipterus acsi, a small specimen (32 mm ls ) from caño santa rita, a right bank tributary of río nanay in peru and a second specimen was reported from rio juruá, amazonas state, brazil. although the new species is more similar in size and colour pattern to liosomado ...202031755109
influence of different extenders on morphological and functional parameters of frozen-thawed spermatozoa of jaguar (panthera onca).due to the global decrease in jaguar population, conservation strategies are essential and the development of effective semen cryopreservation protocols would contribute to the formation of germplasm banks. therefore, the objectives were to (1) evaluate the use of tris and acp-117c extenders for jaguar semen freezing, (2) describe the ultrastructural changes in sperm after cryopreservation, and (3) evaluate the binding capacity of the thawed sperm. eight ejaculates from five mature individuals w ...202031704199
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii parasite in captive mexican jaguars determined by recombinant surface antigens (sag1) and dense granular antigens (gra1 and gra7) in elisa-based serodiagnosis.toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing serious public health problems. in this study, the seroprevalence of t. gondii in captive jaguars in 10 mexican zoos was determined using single and mixtures of recombinant surface antigens (sag1) and dense granular antigens (gra1 and gra7) in immunoglobulin g (igg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). their efficacy was compared with the tachyzoite ly ...202031704144
visual encounters on line transect surveys under-detect carnivore species: implications for assessing distribution and conservation status.we compared the distribution and occurrence of 15 carnivore species with data collected monthly over three years by trained native trackers using both sign surveys and an encounter-based, visual-distance method in a well-preserved region of southern guyana (amazon / guiana shield). we found that a rigorously applied sign-based method was sufficient to describe the status of most carnivore species populations, including rare species such as jaguar and bush dog. we also found that even when accumu ...201931665170
homing in on the jaguar. 201931659316
quantitative and descriptive histological aspects of jaguar (panthera onca linnaeus, 1758) ear skin as a step towards formation of biobanks.skin of mammals vulnerable to extinction, such as the jaguar, is used as a source of material in conservation strategies. the composition of skin is not uniform among species, and the ability to distinguish similarities in skin morphology in animal groups is fundamental in the application of skin tissue for use in biobanks. the aim of our study was to evaluate the structure, composition and capacity for culture of ear skin from the yellow and black jaguars. both qualitative and quantitative meth ...202031568614
wetlands are keystone habitats for jaguars in an intercontinental biodiversity hotspot.agricultural development was the major contributor to south america's designation as the continent with the highest rates of forest loss from 2000-2012. as the apex predator in the neotropics, jaguars (panthera onca) are dependent on forest cover but the species' response to habitat fragmentation in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes has not been a subject of extensive research. we used occupancy as a measure of jaguar habitat use in colombia's middle magdalena river valley which, as part of ...201931509559
can school children influence adults' behavior toward jaguars? evidence of intergenerational learning in education for conservation.a school-based experiment was conducted in the brazilian amazon to examine the effects of passively received information versus active elaboration on the 'perceptions' of jaguars (panthera onca) among students, and the effects of information communicated via illustrated book on those perceptions among student's parents. books distributed via school decreased fathers' perceptions of social acceptance of jaguar killing, but the same books distributed via a conservation organization did not. this s ...202031435880
does faecal matter reflect location? an initial assessment of isotopic variability between consumed prey remains and faecal matter for wild jaguars.faecal isotopic analysis may complement other non-invasive wildlife survey tools for monitoring landscape use by carnivores, such as motion-detecting cameras and non-invasive genetic sampling. we analysed carbon, nitrogen, and strontium isotopes in faecal matter produced by jaguars (panthera onca) as well as bones from consumed prey at the mountain pine ridge forest reserve (mpr) in belize, central america. the mpr is ideally suited for a spatial isotope study as vegetation and geology both vary ...201931402710
effectiveness of panama as an intercontinental land bridge for large mammals.habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of wildlife loss, and establishment of biological corridors is a common strategy to mitigate this problem. a flagship example is the mesoamerican biological corridor (mbc), which aims to connect protected forest areas between mexico and panama to allow dispersal and gene flow of forest organisms. because forests across central america have continued to degrade, the functioning of the mbc has been questioned, but reliable estimates of species occurrence w ...202031385631
identification of c-β-d-glucopyranosyl azole-type inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase that reduce glycogenolysis in hepatocytes: in silico design, synthesis, in vitro kinetics, and ex vivo studies.several c-β-d-glucopyranosyl azoles have recently been uncovered as among the most potent glycogen phosphorylase (gp) catalytic site inhibitors discovered to date. toward further exploring their translational potential, ex vivo experiments have been performed for their effectiveness in reduction of glycogenolysis in hepatocytes. new compounds for these experiments were predicted in silico where, for the first time, effective ranking of gp catalytic site inhibitor potencies using the molecular me ...201931243960
a retrospective study of reported disorders of the oral cavity in large felids in australian zoos.disorders of the oral cavity are conditions reported by veterinarians that impact the health and welfare of large felids in human care. there have been no studies documenting the prevalence of these conditions and species affected in australian zoos. a review of the medical records of lions (panthera leo), tigers (panthera tigris), cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), jaguars (puma onca), snow leopards (panthera uncia), persian leopards (panthera pardus saxicolor), and cougars (puma concolor) from 10 au ...201931120658
open population maximum likelihood spatial capture-recapture.open population capture-recapture models are widely used to estimate population demographics and abundance over time. bayesian methods exist to incorporate open population modeling with spatial capture-recapture (scr), allowing for estimation of the effective area sampled and population density. here, open population scr is formulated as a hidden markov model (hmm), allowing inference by maximum likelihood for both cormack-jolly-seber and jolly-seber models, with and without activity center move ...201931045249
effects of cryopreservation techniques on the preservation of ear skin - an alternative approach to conservation of jaguar, panthera onca (linnaeus, 1758).currently, it has been observed that a considerable segment of the jaguar population is declining mainly because of hunting, and destruction and fragmentation of habitat. given this scenario, efforts of the scientific community have been concentrated on the development of conservation strategies, such as the formation and use of somatic sample banks. we aimed to assess the effects of cryopreservation techniques of the ear skin of jaguar [slow freezing (sf) or direct vitrification in cryovials (d ...201931029688
high school students' knowledge of endangered fauna in the brazilian cerrado: a cross-species and spatial analysis.the ability of high school students to know endangered species can vary among species (e.g., large body size can influence people's interest) or among municipalities (e.g., more contact with biodiversity can influence people's interest). thus, in the present paper, we evaluated high school students' knowledge about the endangered and non-endangered mammalian species of the brazilian cerrado. we tested whether the recognition of the endangered and non-endangered species varied in a cross-species ...201931022258
prey availability and temporal partitioning modulate felid coexistence in neotropical forests.carnivores have long been used as model organisms to examine mechanisms that allow coexistence among ecologically similar species. interactions between carnivores, including competition and predation, comprise important processes regulating local community structure and diversity. we use data from an intensive camera-trapping monitoring program across eight neotropical forest sites to describe the patterns of spatiotemporal organization of a guild of five sympatric cat species: jaguar (panthera ...201930861045
morphology, morphometry, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial activity of jaguar (panthera onca) sperm.the jaguar is categorized as "near threatened". conservation strategies, therefore, are needed which include use of reproductive biotechniques. for implementation of biotechnique use, the reproductive characteristics of the species must be understood, which is currently not the case. this study, therefore, aimed to describe the detailed morphology of jaguar sperm, and to evaluate the sperm mitochondrial activity. five male adults were used. slides stained with rose bengal were used for morphomet ...201930853119
first report of virulence in puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici to wheat stem rust resistance genes sr8b and sr38 in south africa.during the 2000 to 2001 season, 27 stem rust samples were collected from wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), and triticale (× triticosecale) cultivars and lines in the western cape, south africa. following inoculation and multiplication on mcnair 701 seedlings, 40 single pustule isolates of p. graminis f. sp. tritici were established. twenty-six isolates obtained from wheat, barley, or triticale that produced a similar reaction pattern on a set of differentiating host lines, wer ...200230818659
reproduction of soybean cyst nematode on dry bean cultivars over multiple generations.phaseolus vulgaris is a host of soybean cyst nematode (scn; heterodera glycines), a pathogen recently introduced into the major dry bean production area of north dakota and northern minnesota. the nematode reproduces less on most bean classes compared with soybean but can reduce plant growth and seed yield. an important question is the following: will scn adapt to dry bean and, over time, increase in ability to reproduce on roots? to answer this question, the following experiments were conducted ...201130731694
first report of cabbage head rot caused by fusarium avenaceum in poland.cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l.) is an important crop in poland. symptoms of a disease affecting cabbage were observed in 2012 and 2013 both in mid-august during the growing season and during storage in january and february. the disease affected about 30 to 40% of crops grown on ~9,000 ha over three locations: charsznica in south poland and bedlno and skierniewice in central poland. circular, watery lesions ranging from 10 to 60 mm in diameter on the surface of affected cabbage he ...201430703911
neoplasia in captive panthera species.this retrospective study identified the spectrum of neoplasia diagnoses, prevalence rates and the contribution of neoplasia to death or humane destruction within panthera species housed at a large cat sanctuary. biopsy and necropsy reports from january 2002 to december 2017 were examined and histological material from cases diagnosed with neoplasia was reviewed. one hundred and sixty-eight neoplasms were diagnosed in 108 large felids: 70 tigers (panthera tigris), 26 lions (panthera leo), three l ...201930691604
absence of parvovirus shedding in feces of threatened carnivores from misiones, argentina.since its emergence in the 1970s, canine parvovirus (cpv) has spread worldwide and infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including domestic and nondomestic carnivores. today it is one of the most important pathogenic viruses associated with high morbidity and mortality in domestic dogs ( canis familiaris). in south america, the range of wild hosts has been scarcely studied and the epidemiology of cpv in wildlife is still unclear. in 2011, feces from five wild carnivores (bush dog [ speothos ...201830592932
conservation implications for jaguars and other neotropical mammals using highway underpasses.the nuevo xcan-playa del carmen highway in quintana roo, bisects the vegetation corridor connecting two jaguar conservation units (jcus): yum balaam (north) and sian ka´an (south). the project´s main goal was to describe differential use of available crossing structures (wildlife underpasses and culverts) by mammals present along this highway. we set 28 camera traps along the 54km stretch of the highway covering wildlife underpasses (10), and culverts such as box culverts (9) and pipes (9) from ...201830399179
pyridyl thiosemicarbazide: synthesis, crystal structure, dft/b3lyp, molecular docking studies and its biological investigations.n-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal x-ray and spectroscopic techniques. furthermore, its geometry optimization, calculated vibrational frequencies, non-linear optical properties, electrostatic potential and average local ionization energy properties of molecular surface were being evaluated using jaguar program in the schrödinger's set on the basis of the density functional concept to pretend the molecular geometry and predict properti ...201830269227
characterizing conflict between humans and big cats panthera spp: a systematic review of research trends and management opportunities.conservation of big cats (panthera spp.), a taxonomic group including tigers, lions, jaguars, leopards and snow leopards, is a daunting challenge. as expanding human populations across panthera range countries exacerbate competition for land and prey, conflicts between humans and big cats are inevitable. through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published from 1991 to 2014 and indexed in web of science and google scholar (186 articles), our study explored the current state of k ...201830226894
gastric dilatation and enterotoxemia in ten captive felids.case description 10 large felids at 8 facilities were determined or suspected to have developed gastric dilatation with or without enterotoxemia over a 20-year period. four felids were found dead with no premonitory signs. clinical findings 4 felids (2 male snow leopards [uncia uncia], 1 male amur tiger [panthera tigris altaica], and 1 male sumatran tiger [panthera tigris sumatrae]) were found dead or died before they could be evaluated. six felids had hematemesis (1 male and 1 female african li ...201830211645
jaguar and puma captivity and trade among the maya: stable isotope data from copan, honduras.from moctezuma's zoo to animals kept in captivity at teotihuacan, there is increasing evidence that mesoamericans managed wild animals for a myriad of purposes. the present study situates ritualized animal management of highly symbolic fauna in the broader context of classic mesoamerica by examining another core site, the maya center of copan, honduras (a.d. 426-822). in this study, we identify two animal populations among the faunal remains from public and private rituals spanning the copan dyn ...201830208053
blood meal identification in the cryptic species anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii using maldi-tof ms.matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently emerged in entomology as a technique to identify arthropods and their blood meal source. in this study, female anopheles gambiae were fed on five host blood sources: ocelot (leopardus pardalis), binturong (arctictis binturong), springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), jaguar (panthera onca) and hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), while anopheles coluzzii were fed on three hosts: dromedary (camelus ...201830052501
can logging help jaguars? 201830020906
jaguar movement database: a gps-based movement dataset of an apex predator in the neotropics.the field of movement ecology has rapidly grown during the last decade, with important advancements in tracking devices and analytical tools that have provided unprecedented insights into where, when, and why species move across a landscape. although there has been an increasing emphasis on making animal movement data publicly available, there has also been a conspicuous dearth in the availability of such data on large carnivores. globally, large predators are of conservation concern. however, d ...201829961270
scraping marking behaviour of the largest neotropical felids.details of how, why and in what conditions large felids make scrapes is unknown. here, we examined the general hypothesis about the use of scrapes for marking proposals, as well as to communicate with other individuals to signalize particular points or areas of interest, by studying scrape-marking behaviour of jaguars and pumas.201829942681
the jaguar score predicts 1-month disability/death in ischemic stroke patient ineligible for recanalization therapy.most available scoring system to predict outcome after acute ischemic stroke (ais) were established in western countries. we aimed to develop a simple prediction score of 1-month severe disability/death after onset in ais patients ineligible for recanalization therapy based on readily and widely obtainable on-admission clinical, laboratory and radiological examinations in asian developing countries.201829941394
comparison of semen samples collected from wild and captive jaguars (panthera onca) by urethral catheterization after pharmacological induction.this study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of medetomidine anesthesia for semen collection through urethral catheter in wild and captive jaguars. six captive and five wild jaguars were chemically restrained with a combination of medetomidine (0.08-0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg). after medetomidine administration the urethra was catheterized using a urinary tomcat catheter (1 mm diameter × 130 mm length) to collect semen from all animals. by using this technique, we could collect an av ...201829935916
hyperkalemia in two jaguars ( panthera onca) anesthetized with dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and isoflurane.two jaguars were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and isoflurane. arterial blood samples analyzed shortly after darting revealed no abnormalities. samples analyzed 2 and 1.5 hr after darting revealed moderate hyperkalemia in both animals (6.8 and 6.2 meq/l, respectively). shortly after hyperkalemia was recognized, one jaguar developed electrocardiographic abnormalities (sinoventricular rhythm and widened qrs complexes), and a few minutes later, suffered cardiopulmonary arrest. resusc ...201829900768
spatial patterns of medium and large size mammal assemblages in várzea and terra firme forests, central amazonia, brazil.várzea forests account for 17% of the amazon basin and endure an annual inundation that can reach 14 m deep during 6-8 months. this flood pulse in combination with topography directly influences the várzea vegetation cover. assemblages of several taxa differ significantly between unflooded terra firme and flooded várzea forests, but little is known about the distribution of medium and large sized terrestrial mammals in várzea habitats. therefore, our goal was to understand how those habitats inf ...201829847606
synchrotron radiation reveals the identity of the large felid from monte argentario (early pleistocene, italy).we describe here a partial skull with associated mandible of a large felid from monte argentario, italy (early pleistocene; ~1.5 million years). propagation x-ray phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography of the specimen, still partially embedded in the rock matrix, allows ascribing it reliably to acinonyx pardinensis, one of the most intriguing extinct carnivorans of the old world plio-pleistocene. the analysis of images and 3d models obtained through synchrotron microtomography - here applied ...201829844540
use of somatic cell banks in the conservation of wild felids.the conservation of biological resources is an interesting strategy for the maintenance of biodiversity, especially for wild felids who are constantly threatened with extinction. for this purpose, cryopreservation techniques have been used for the long-term storage of gametes, embryos, gonadal tissues, and somatic cells and tissues. the establishment of these banks has been suggested as a practical approach to the preservation of species and, when done in tandem with assisted reproductive techni ...201829722907
estimating large carnivore populations at global scale based on spatial predictions of density and distribution - application to the jaguar (panthera onca).broad scale population estimates of declining species are desired for conservation efforts. however, for many secretive species including large carnivores, such estimates are often difficult. based on published density estimates obtained through camera trapping, presence/absence data, and globally available predictive variables derived from satellite imagery, we modelled density and occurrence of a large carnivore, the jaguar, across the species' entire range. we then combined these models in a ...201829579129
detection of noroviruses in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) in the pantanal, mato grosso, brazil.nine free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) were captured, and rectal swabs were collected in the pantanal of cáceres, mato grosso, brazil. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction specific for noroviruses was performed. six jaguars (66.6%) tested positive for norovirus genotype gii.11.201829516245
the construction of feelings of justice in environmental management: an empirical study of multiple biodiversity conflicts in calakmul, mexico.a failure to address social concerns in biodiversity conservation can lead to feelings of injustice among some actors, and hence jeopardize conservation goals. the complex socio-cultural and political context of the calakmul biosphere reserve, mexico, has historically led to multiple biodiversity conflicts. our goal, in this case study, was to explore perceptions of justice held by local actors in relation to biodiversity conflicts. we then aimed to determine the following: 1) people's definitio ...201829502021
china's lust for jaguar fangs imperils big cats. 201829493617
[the jaguar panthera onca (carnivora: felidae) in “el cielo” biosphere reserve, tamaulipas, mexico].information on the ecology of jaguars (panthera onca) in “el cielo” biosphere reserve in tamaulipas, mexico is scant and limited to anecdotic records in a handful of publications. the objectives of our study were to: a) determine population density and structure of jaguars, b) compare their activity patterns with that of pumas (puma concolor), c) ascertain potential prey relative abundance, and d) evaluate local resident’s perception on loss of domestic animals due to jaguar predation. between a ...201629465909
the jaguar and the phd. 201829415064
first detection of feline hemoplasmas in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca).species of hemoplasmas have been described worldwide, but little information is available for wild felids. between february 2000 and january 2010, blood samples were collected from 30 jaguars (panthera onca) and 22 domestic cats (felis catus) from the cerrado, pantanal and amazon biomes of brazil. in all samples molecular tests were performed for mycoplasma haemofelis/mycoplasma haemocanis (mhf/mhc), 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' (cmhm) and 'candidatus mycoplasma turicensis' (cmt). twenty ...201829408036
are pumas subordinate carnivores, and does it matter?interspecific competition affects species fitness, community assemblages and structure, and the geographic distributions of species. established dominance hierarchies among species mitigate the need for fighting and contribute to the realized niche for subordinate species. this is especially important for apex predators, many of which simultaneous contend with the costs of competition with more dominant species and the costs associated with human hunting and lethal management.201829379688
participatory development of incentives to coexist with jaguars and pumas.reducing costs and increasing benefits for rural communities coexisting with large carnivores is necessary for conservation of jaguar (panthera onca) and puma (puma concolor). to design acceptable incentives, stakeholders must be involved in the process. we conducted an innovative, structured, group communication process based on a delphi technique as a template for identifying potential incentives. community workshops with 133 members of 7 communities and surveys with 25 multidisciplinary exper ...201829356132
annual and spatial variation in composition and activity of terrestrial mammals on two replicate plots in lowland forest of eastern ecuador.terrestrial mammals are important components of lowland forests in amazonia (as seed dispersal agents, herbivores, predators) but there are relatively few detailed studies from areas that have not been affected by human activities (e.g., hunting, logging). yet, such information is needed to evaluate effects of humans elsewhere. we used camera traps to sample medium to large-sized terrestrial mammals at a site in lowland forests of eastern ecuador, one of the most biologically rich areas in the w ...201829333349
conserved citrullinating exoenzymes in porphyromonas species.porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major oral pathogens implicated in the widespread inflammatory disorder periodontitis. moreover, in recent years, p. gingivalis has been associated with the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. the peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme of p. gingivalis (ppad) is a major virulence factor that catalyzes the citrullination of both bacterial and host proteins, potentially contributing to production of anticitrullinated protein antibodies. considering that these ...201729298553
when roads appear jaguars decline: increased access to an amazonian wilderness area reduces potential for jaguar conservation.roads are a main threat to biodiversity conservation in the amazon, in part, because roads increase access for hunters. we examine how increased landscape access by hunters may lead to cascading effects that influence the prey community and abundance of the jaguar (panthera onca), the top amazonian terrestrial predator. understanding such ecological effects originating from anthropogenic actions is essential for conservation and management of wildlife populations in areas undergoing infrastructu ...201829298311
how accurate is the description of ligand-protein interactions by a hybrid qm/mm approach?during the last decades, the application of hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (qm/mm) methods has been extended to the field of drug design. in principle, the approximate qm/mm approach offers a more complete description of drug-receptor non-covalent interactions. this is especially true when charge or proton transfer, chelation of metal ions or strong polarization of ligand and protein or surface chemical groups are involved. the aim of this work was to assess the accuracy of calcu ...201729234892
evaluation of reproductive performance and genetic variation in bulls of the polish white-backed breed.the aim of the study was to evaluate genetic variation, reproductive performance and the degree of relationship of white-backed bulls entered in the breed registry and approved for breeding. the study included 32 bulls of the white-backed (wb) breed with an entry in the breed registry and used for breeding in the years 2003-2015. eleven microsatellite dna sequences (tgla222, bm2113, tgla53, eth10, sps115, tgla126, tgla122, inra23, eth3, eth225 and bm1824) were used to analyse variation in the wb ...201829076550
nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia associated with a diffuse large b-cell lymphoma in a captive jaguar (panthera onca).an 18-year-old male castrated jaguar (panthera onca) was presented with anorexia and continuous bleeding from the oral cavity after a history of fighting with the partner animal. clinical evaluation revealed ulcerating lesions on the gingiva and hard palate and a hematoma on the tongue. computed tomography of the head and endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach were unremarkable. hematology and clinical chemistry revealed severe nonregenerative anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, and mode ...201728902958
comparing hair-morphology and molecular methods to identify fecal samples from neotropical felids.to avoid certain problems encountered with more-traditional and invasive methods in behavioral-ecology studies of mammalian predators, such as felids, molecular approaches have been employed to identify feces found in the field. however, this method requires a complete molecular biology laboratory, and usually also requires very fresh fecal samples to avoid dna degradation. both conditions are normally absent in the field. to address these difficulties, identification based on morphological char ...201728880947
temporal variation in black-caiman-nest predation in varzea of central brazilian amazonia.on the amazon floodplain, the main predators of black caiman (melanosuchus niger) eggs are jaguars (panthera onca), tegu lizards (tupinambis teguixim), capuchin monkeys (sapajus macrocephalus) and humans (homo sapiens). in this study, we investigated the relationship between predator attacks on nests and incubation period, and evaluated the influence of initial predation on subsequent predation in the mamirauá sustainable development reserve. we also evaluated the influence of presence of female ...201728854258
daily rhythmicity of behavior of nine species of south american feral felids in captivity.the authors analyzed the daily activity rhythms of the domestic cat and of eight of the ten feral felid species that are indigenous to south america. all species showed daily rhythmicity of activity in captivity under a natural light-dark cycle. the robustness of the rhythmicity varied from species to species, but the grand mean of 34% was within the range of robustness previously described for mammalian species ranging in size from mice to cattle. there was not a sharp division between diurnal ...201728842189
using niche-modelling and species-specific cost analyses to determine a multispecies corridor in a fragmented landscape.misiones, argentina, contains the largest remaining tract of upper paraná atlantic forest ecoregion; however, ~50% of native forest is unprotected and located in a mosaic of plantations, agriculture, and pastures. existing protected areas are becoming increasingly isolated due to ongoing habitat modification. these factors, combined with lower than expected regional carnivore densities, emphasize the need to understand the effect of fragmentation on animal movement and connectivity between prote ...201728841692
mercury content in the fur of jaguars (panthera onca) from two areas under different levels of gold mining impact in the brazilian pantanal.the pantanal is the largest inland wetland in the world and is under increasing anthropogenic threats, including long-term regionally intensive gold mining practices. gold mining activities are known to cause the release of harmful pollutants such as mercury (hg) to the surrounding environment. jaguars (panthera onca (linnaeus, 1758)) are apex predators, and therefore show great potential to accumulate hg by biomagnification. we hypothesize that total hg content in the fur of jaguars from two si ...201728832728
genome-wide signatures of complex introgression and adaptive evolution in the big cats.the great cats of the genus panthera comprise a recent radiation whose evolutionary history is poorly understood. their rapid diversification poses challenges to resolving their phylogeny while offering opportunities to investigate the historical dynamics of adaptive divergence. we report the sequence, de novo assembly, and annotation of the jaguar (panthera onca) genome, a novel genome sequence for the leopard (panthera pardus), and comparative analyses encompassing all living panthera species. ...201728776029
molecular detection of infectious pathogens of the upper respiratory tract in captive nondomestic felids.upper respiratory tract disease is a complex infectious disease process with multiple pathogens involved. identification of infectious agents in wild animals is of great importance for wildlife conservation. the aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular detection of feline herpesvirus type 1, feline calicivirus (fcv), bordetella bronchiseptica , chlamydophila felis , and mycoplasma felis using ocular and nasal swabs in three species of captive nondomestic felids. mycoplasma felis was detec ...201728749292
novel anaplasma and ehrlichia organisms infecting the wildlife of two regions of the brazilian amazon.during 2009-2012, wild animals were sampled in the amazon biome of brazil. animal tissues and blood were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays targeting dna of the bacterial family anaplasmataceae (genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, wolbachia) and the genus borrelia. overall, 181 wild animals comprising 36 different species (2 reptiles, 5 birds, and 29 mammals) were sampled. all birds and reptiles were negative by all pcr assays, as well as all mammals for the borrelia pcr assay. anaplasmat ...201728690147
molecular detection of viral agents in free-ranging and captive neotropical felids in brazil.we describe molecular testing for felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cppv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), alphacoronavirus 1 (feline coronavirus [fcov]), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) in whole blood samples of 109 free-ranging and 68 captive neotropical felids from brazil. samples from 2 jaguars ( panthera onca) and 1 oncilla ( leopardus tigrinus) were positive for fhv-1; 2 jaguars, 1 puma ( puma conc ...201728677421
long term monitoring of jaguars in the cockscomb basin wildlife sanctuary, belize; implications for camera trap studies of carnivores.in this study, we estimate life history parameters and abundance for a protected jaguar population using camera-trap data from a 14-year monitoring program (2002-2015) in belize, central america. we investigated the dynamics of this jaguar population using 3,075 detection events of 105 individual adult jaguars. using robust design open population models, we estimated apparent survival and temporary emigration and investigated individual heterogeneity in detection rates across years. survival pro ...201728658274
assessing the umbrella value of a range-wide conservation network for jaguars (panthera onca).umbrella species are employed as conservation short-cuts for the design of reserves or reserve networks. however, empirical data on the effectiveness of umbrellas is equivocal, which has prevented more widespread application of this conservation strategy. we perform a novel, large-scale evaluation of umbrella species by assessing the potential umbrella value of a jaguar (panthera onca) conservation network (consisting of viable populations and corridors) that extends from mexico to argentina. us ...201628581663
activity of carboxylesterases, glutathione-s-transferase and monooxygenase on rhipicephalus microplus exposed to fluazuron.the objective of this study was to assess the effect of the exposure to fluazuron on the activity of common pesticide detoxification enzyme groups in the cattle tick (rhipicephalus microplus). engorged females of a susceptible strain (poa) and a resistant strain (jaguar) were exposed in vitro to fluazuron and their eggs and larvae were used to compare the activities of the general esterases, mixed-function oxidases (mfo) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst). the results showed significant elevati ...201728435029
biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the america puma.the puma (felis concolor) has the most extensive range of any terrestrial mammal in the western hemisphere, covering over 100° latitude. food habits of different puma subspecies vary with latitude. subspecies from temperate habitats generally eat larger prey and specialize on a smaller number of prey taxa, whereas, in tropical habitats, they prey on smaller, more varied prey. in north america, ungulates (primarily deer) represented 68% of the puma's diet by frequency of occurrence. mean weight o ...199028312554
cutaneous adenocarcinoma of sebaceous gland in a captive male jaguar (<i>panthera onca</i>): a case report.high incidence of neoplasia in captive jaguar (panthera onca) has been recorded but there have been no reports of cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland. a high incidence of neoplasia has been detected in captive jaguars, possibly associated with longevity and husbandry practices in captivity. neoplasm is a major cause of mortality in jaguar. tumours of sebaceous gland are common in older domestic felids. a case of cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland was diagnosed in a male ...201428235310
hepatozoon spp. infects free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca) in brazil.this study investigated the presence of hepatozoon spp. in jaguars (panthera onca) and domestic animals in the cerrado, amazon and pantanal biomes of brazil. between february 2000 and january 2010, blood samples were collected from 30 jaguars, 129 domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and 22 domestic cats (felis catus) for molecular tests. all of the jaguars from the pantanal (n=22) and cerrado (n=4) and 3 of 4 jaguars from the amazon were positive for hepatozoon spp. domestic dogs (62.8%) and ...201728207298
is the free-ranging jaguar (panthera onca) a reservoir for cytauxzoon felis in brazil?this study investigated the occurrence of cytauxzoon felis and babesia spp. in free-ranging jaguars (panthera onca), domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and domestic cats (felis catus) from the cerrado, amazon and pantanal biomes of brazil. blood samples were collected from 30 jaguars, 129 dogs and 22 cats for detection of the 18s rrna genes of piroplasmids. all of the jaguars from the pantanal (n=22) and cerrado (n=4) and three of four jaguars from the amazon were positive for c. felis, but ...201728196774
prophylactic use of a standardized botanical extract for the prevention of naturally occurring diarrhea in newborn holstein calves.the objectives of this study were to evaluate the prophylactic use of sb-300 (jaguar animal health, san francisco, ca), a standardized botanical extract isolated from the bark latex of croton lechleri, on reducing fecal water losses and diarrhea events in holstein bull calves individually housed under a restricted whole-milk feeding regimen (6 l/d) from 1 to 25 d of life. fluid therapy administration due to dehydration, average weight gain, and the fecal microbiome were also evaluated. bull calv ...201728189317
attitudes toward jaguars and pumas and the acceptability of killing big cats in the brazilian atlantic forest: an application of the potential for conflict index2.we explored the overall acceptability of killing jaguars and pumas in different scenarios of people-big cat interactions, the influence of attitudes toward big cats on acceptability, and the level of consensus on the responses. data were obtained from 326 self-administered questionnaires in areas adjacent to intervales state park and alto ribeira state park. overall, people held slightly positive attitudes toward jaguars and pumas and viewed the killing of big cats as unacceptable. however, indi ...201728188582
jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars' range.we present the first study that evaluates jaguar-puma interactions in the arid lands of northern mexico, where jaguars have their northernmost breeding population and both predators are persecuted for livestock depredation. we tested whether jaguars are the dominant species in this unique ecosystem, where: (1) pumas outnumber jaguars, (2) pumas are better adapted to arid environments, and (3) jaguars and pumas are of similar size. we analyzed four years of data with two approaches; a two species ...201728133569
reproductive analysis of male and female captive jaguars (panthera onca) in a colombian zoological park.a reproductive analysis of a captive group of jaguars (panthera onca; n = 6) at the santacruz zoological foundation in cundinamarca, colombia, was conducted by performing a longitudinal, noninvasive, hormonal analysis of estradiol and progestogens in females and of androgens in males. during four seasons, female jaguars confined in solitary were evaluated for ovarian activity and spontaneous ovulation, male jaguars for testicular activity. a second hormonal follow-up was conducted in the females ...201728043351
space use and movement of a neotropical top predator: the endangered jaguar.accurately estimating home range and understanding movement behavior can provide important information on ecological processes. advances in data collection and analysis have improved our ability to estimate home range and movement parameters, both of which have the potential to impact species conservation. fitting continuous-time movement model to data and incorporating the autocorrelated kernel density estimator (akde), we investigated range residency of forty-four jaguars fit with gps collars ...201628030568
multiple-host pathogens in domestic hunting dogs in nicaragua's bosawás biosphere reserve.nicaragua's bosawás biosphere reserve is a vast forested area inhabited largely by indigenous mayangna and miskitu people. most bosawás residents rely on subsistence hunting and swidden agriculture, and hunting dogs are important for finding and securing wild game. we investigated the health of hunting dogs in three communities differing in location, size, and economy. dogs in all communities were nutritionally compromised and experienced a heavy burden of disease. seroprevalence of canine diste ...201728012903
implications of fine-grained habitat fragmentation and road mortality for jaguar conservation in the atlantic forest, brazil.jaguar (panthera onca) populations in the upper paraná river, in the brazilian atlantic forest region, live in a landscape that includes highly fragmented areas as well as relatively intact ones. we developed a model of jaguar habitat suitability in this region, and based on this habitat model, we developed a spatially structured metapopulation model of the jaguar populations in this area to analyze their viability, the potential impact of road mortality on the populations' persistence, and the ...201627973584
multiconformation, density functional theory-based pka prediction in application to large, flexible organic molecules with diverse functional groups.we consider the conformational flexibility of molecules and its implications for micro- and macro-pka. the corresponding formulas are derived and discussed against the background of a comprehensive scientific and algorithmic description of the latest version of our computer program jaguar pka, a density functional theory-based pka predictor, which is now capable of acting on multiple conformations explicitly. jaguar pka is essentially a complex computational workflow incorporating research and t ...201627951674
using certified timber extraction to benefit jaguar and ecosystem conservation.the jaguar panthera onca requires large areas of relatively intact habitats containing adequate amounts of prey to survive. since a substantial portion of jaguar range occurs outside of strict protected areas, there is a need for economic incentives for habitat conservation, which carefully managed selective logging can provide. forest stewardship council and pan european forest council certifications intended to regulate wood extraction to maintain the ecological functions of forests require ev ...201727928654
influence of pork and pork by-products on macronutrient and energy digestibility and palatability in large exotic felids.two experiments were conducted to evaluate digestibility and palatability of a new commercial pork-based raw diet for zoo-managed felids. currently 2 protein sources (beef or horse) comprise the majority of commercial raw meat diet formulations for exotic carnivores in zoological institutions. pork-based diets have traditionally not been widely utilized and thus nutrient digestibility of pork has not been adequately evaluated in exotic carnivores. the objectives of this study were 1) to determin ...201627898922
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