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mlh1 focus mapping in the guinea fowl (numida meleagris) give insights into the crossover landscapes in birds.crossover rates and localization are not homogeneous throughout the genomes. along the chromosomes of almost all species, domains with high crossover rates alternate with domains where crossover rates are significantly lower than the genome-wide average. the distribution of crossovers along chromosomes constitutes the recombination landscape of a given species and can be analyzed at broadscale using immunostaining of the mlh1 protein, a component of mature recombination nodules found on synapton ...202033017431
characteristics of indigenous guinea fowl (numida meleagris) family poultry production in northern togo.a survey was conducted in dry savannah and atakora agroecological zones in northern togo, between march and july 2018, to characterise indigenous guinea fowl management practices. a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 82 farmers in 28 villages. the data were analysed using the chi-square test or fisher's exact test, independent-sample t test and the multiple correspondence analysis with spss and xlstat. the results showed that guinea fowl production was mainly practised by men (91. ...202033011906
anatomic investigation of the lumbosacral plexus of the helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris).the study was conducted for the determination of the main nerves of the lumbosacral plexus in the helmeted guineafowl. five helmeted guineafowls were used. fowls were anaesthetised and the a. carotis communis was cut for blood drainage. body cavities were revealed and were fixated with 10% formaldehyde. nerves forming the lumbosacral plexus were dissected and photographed. results were named according to the nomina anatomica avium. it was determined that the lumbosacral plexus forms by 8 synsacr ...202032975322
comparison of real-time pcr quantification methods in the identification of poultry species in meat products.poultry meat is consumed worldwide and is prone to food fraud because of large price differences among meat from different poultry species. precise and sensitive analytical methods are necessary to control poultry meat products. we chose species-specific sequences of the cytochrome b gene to develop two multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr) systems: one for chicken (gallus gallus), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), and pheasant (phasianus colchicus), and one for quail (cotu ...202032756511
age-related changes in the gross anatomy of the reproductive organs, and associated steroid hormone profiles in male and female guinea fowls (numida meleagris).owing to the paucity of information on the reproductive biology of guinea fowls, a study involving a total of 132 birds was conducted, and this documented the developmental changes in the gross anatomy of the reproductive organs of males and females from hatching until 32 weeks of age (woa), and associated steroid hormone changes. testicular anatomical biometric traits increased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 8 woa, and stabilised between 16 and 20 woa, while peripheral testosterone concentrati ...201832734051
tuning of feedforward control enables stable muscle force-length dynamics after loss of autogenic proprioceptive feedback.animals must integrate feedforward, feedback and intrinsic mechanical control mechanisms to maintain stable locomotion. recent studies of guinea fowl (numida meleagris) revealed that the distal leg muscles rapidly modulate force and work output to minimize perturbations in uneven terrain. here we probe the role of reflexes in the rapid perturbation responses of muscle by studying the effects of proprioceptive loss. we induced bilateral loss of autogenic proprioception in the lateral gastrocnemiu ...202032573432
effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin e, selenium yeast or both on egg incubation response, embryonic development, keet quality, and posthatch growth of helmeted guinea fowl breeders.this study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin e (vit. e), selenium yeast (se yeast), or both on egg incubation response, embryonic development, keet quality, and posthatch growth of helmeted guinea fowls. two hundred and forty 24-week old helmeted guinea fowl hens (average weight 1.75 + 0.22 kg) and cocks (average weight 2.15 + 0.20 kg) were assigned into 24 pens; each pen housed 10 hens and 2 cocks. there were four dietary treatments consisting of a basal diet (con ...202032474755
effect of hevea brasiliensis seed meal or euphorbia heterophylla seed supplemented diets on performance, physicochemical and sensory properties of eggs, and egg yolk fatty acid profile in guinea fowl (numida meleagris).a total of 144 french selected breed (galor) female guinea fowl (gf) of 42 wk of age were enrolled for a feeding trial of 15, 30, and 45 d duration. the birds were randomly assigned to 18 cages, each containing 8 birds. a total of 3 isonitrogenous and isocaloric dietary treatments were trialed, each diet comprising 6 replications (cages), which meant a total of 48 birds per diet. the gf were fed either a control diet c (commercial diet "faci ponte 20", sipra, ivory coast, usually used for all po ...202032416819
characterization of the goose capn3 gene and its expression pattern in muscle tissues of sichuan white geese at different growth stages.calpain 3 (capn3), also known as p94, is associated with multiple production traits in domestic animals. however, the molecular characteristics of the capn3 gene and its expression profile in goose tissues have not been reported. in this study, capn3 cdna of the sichuan white goose was cloned, sequenced, and characterized. the capn3 full-length cdna sequence consists of a 2,316-bp coding sequence (cds) that encodes 771 amino acids with a molecular mass of 89,019 kda. the protein was predicted to ...201832055171
sex and ontogenetic variation in the crest of numida meleagris: implications for crested vertebrates.crested vertebrates are known from a wide variety of modern and fossil taxa, however, the actual formation and function of the crest is still debatable. among modern birds, the globally distributed guinea fowl (numida meleagris) is characterized by having a cranial bony crest (overlain by keratin), but surprisingly little is known about its development. here, we studied the crest of 202 wild guinea fowl from the same population, using anatomical measurements as well as 2d-morphometry. our result ...202031702115
effect of hevea brasiliensis seed meal or euphorbia heterophylla seed supplemented diets on performance, physicochemical and sensory properties of eggs, and egg yolk fatty acid profile in guinea fowl (numida meleagris).a total of 144 french selected breed (galor) female guinea fowl (gf) of 42 wk of age were enrolled for a feeding trial of 15, 30, and 45 d duration. the birds were randomly assigned to 18 cages, each containing 8 birds. a total of 3 isonitrogenous and isocaloric dietary treatments were trialed, each diet comprising 6 replications (cages), which meant a total of 48 birds per diet. the gf were fed either a control diet c (commercial diet "faci ponte 20", sipra, ivory coast, usually used for all po ...201931504893
guinea fowl eggshell quantitative proteomics yield new findings related to its unique structural characteristics and superior mechanical properties.the guinea fowl eggshell is a bioceramic material with the remarkable mechanical property of being twice as strong as the chicken eggshell. both eggshells are composed of 95% calcite and 3.5% organic matrix, which control its structural organization. chicken eggshell is made of columnar calcite crystals arranged vertically. in the guinea fowl, the same structure is observed in its inner half, followed by a dramatic change in crystal size and orientation in the outer region. guinea fowl eggshell ...201931493547
performance of guinea fowl fed hevea seed meal or cashew nut meal as a partial substitute for soya bean meal.guinea fowl production is increasing in developing countries and has a crucial role in the fight against poverty. however, the feed cost is very high, especially the soya bean meal cost, and farmers cannot afford to buy commercial feed. consequently, animals do not receive feed adapted to their nutritional needs and they exhibit poor performance. the aim of this paper is to partially substitute soya bean meal by local by-products, discarded, in abundant supply and not used in human nutrition. fr ...202031414652
a guinea fowl genome assembly provides new evidence on evolution following domestication and selection in galliformes.the helmeted guinea fowl numida meleagris belongs to the order galliformes. its natural range includes a large part of sub-saharan africa, from senegal to eritrea and from chad to south africa. archaeozoological and artistic evidence suggest domestication of this species may have occurred about 2,000 years bp in mali and sudan primarily as a food resource, although villagers also benefit from its capacity to give loud alarm calls in case of danger, of its ability to consume parasites such as tic ...201930945415
efficient bayesian analysis of occupancy models with logit link functions.occupancy models (ecology, 2002; 83: 2248) were developed to infer the probability that a species under investigation occupies a site. bayesian analysis of these models can be undertaken using statistical packages such as winbugs, openbugs, jags, and more recently stan, however, since these packages were not developed specifically to fit occupancy models, one often experiences long run times when undertaking an analysis. bayesian spatial single-season occupancy models can also be fit using the r ...201930766666
outbreak of toxoplasmosis in a flock of domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) and guinea fowl (numida meleagris).toxoplasmosis is a disease with a worldwide distribution that affects a wide variety of animal species, though with rare descriptions in chickens. we describe the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of a toxoplasmosis outbreak in domestic chickens and guinea fowl in southern brazil. the flock was composed of 47 domestic chickens and 29 guinea fowl. of these, 22 birds showed clinical signs of lethargy, anorexia, and neurological signs over a clinical course of 24-72 h, ...201930725180
mitochondrial dna d-loop diversity of the helmeted guinea fowls in kenya and its implications on hsp70 gene functional polymorphism.we analyzed variations in 90 mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene sequences from four populations of domesticated helmeted guinea fowls (70 individuals) and 1 population of wild helmeted guinea fowls (20 individuals) in kenya in order to get information about their origin, genetic diversity, and traits associated with heat stress. 90 sequences were assigned to 25 distinct mtdna and 4 hsp70 haplotypes. most mtdna haplotypes of the domesticated helmeted guinea fo ...201830539018
american society of biomechanics journal of biomechanics award 2017: high-acceleration training during growth increases optimal muscle fascicle lengths in an avian bipedal model.sprinters have been found to possess longer muscle fascicles than non-sprinters, which is thought to be beneficial for high-acceleration movements based on muscle force-length-velocity properties. however, it is unknown if their morphology is a result of genetics or training during growth. to explore the influence of training during growth, thirty guinea fowl (numida meleagris) were split into exercise and sedentary groups. exercise birds were housed in a large pen and underwent high-acceleratio ...201830266195
prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal helminthes among grey-breasted helmet guinea fowls (numida meleagris galeata) encountered in gombe state, nigeria.this cross sectional survey was conducted from july to december 2015 in order to investigate the burden of gastrointestinal helminthes among guinea fowls in gombe, northeastern nigeria. a total of six hundred fowls (viscera) were purchased from six randomly selected slaughter slabs. out of the 600 birds examined, 479 (79.83%; 95% ci: 76.4, 82.9) were found harbouring one or more gastrointestinal helminthes. of this, 238 birds (39.7%; 35.8, 43.6) were infected by nematode species and 392 birds (6 ...201830255082
characterization of avian pathogenic escherichia coli isolated from free-range helmeted guineafowl.avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) isolates from apparently healthy free range helmeted guineafowl were characterized. most of them had a high frequency of virulence associated genes, multi drug resistance and high pathogenicity. we demonstrated that helmeted guineafowl have potential to transmit antibiotic resistant apec to other species including humans.201830170963
effect of direct fed microbial in layer diets, on egg laying performance and health response of indigenous ghanaian guinea fowls (numida meleagris).the aim of the present experiment was to examine the effect of direct fed microbial (dfm) on egg laying performance and health response of indigenous ghanaian guinea fowls (numida meleagris). a total of 216, 9-wk-old guinea keets (already sexed) were randomly assigned to 4 dfm administering treatments. these included control, daily, 3 consecutive days per week, and 7 d repeated every other week at 1.5 ml/l through water for 30 wk. feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, ...201930165496
diagnostic of guinea fowl (numida meleagris) farming in ivory coast.in order to promote farming of guinea fowl and to diversify the sources of income of ivorian farmers, a survey was conducted in 2016 in 15 regions (197 farmers) out of a total of 31 regions in ivory coast. the aims were 1) to establish a better knowledge of guinea fowl farming; 2) to assess the level of technical knowledge of farmers; and 3) to establish a global typology of farmers based on their socio-economic profile, the goal of the farming (sale or consumption), and their level of technical ...201829992314
guineafowl hind limb function. ii: electromyographic analysis and motor pattern evolution.the neuromuscular control of the hind limb of helmeted guineafowl (numida meleagris) locomoting on a treadmill at 1.0 m/sec was analyzed using simultaneous electromyography (emg) and cineradiography. activity from 16 heads representing 14 hip and knee muscles was recorded and correlated with limb movement and myological data to help discern muscle function. the first half of the stance phase is characterized by activity in many hip extensors, which counteract a flexor moment of the ground reacti ...199929847880
guineafowl hind limb function. i: cineradiographic analysis and speed effects.avian striding bipedalism was studied in the helmeted guineafowl, numida meleagris. high-speed cineradiographs, light films, and videos were used to record hind limb movements across a wide range of speeds. in particular, direct visualization of the skeleton in x-ray images allowed changes in pelvic and femoral position to be quantified with great accuracy for the first time. with the exception of limb protraction angle, all stride parameters are speed-dependent. during the stance phase, guineaf ...199929847877
molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in poultry from brazil.cryptosporidiosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by cryptosporidium. infections in birds are mainly caused by c. meleagridis, c. baileyi, and c. galli. c. meleagridis is the third most common cause of cryptosporidiosis in humans and the only cryptosporidium species known to infect both birds and mammals. one hundred and fifty-five fecal specimens from different poultry species (chicken, turkey, ostrich, helmeted guinea fowl, quail, pheasant, and emu) were collected at local markets in t ...201829605466
effect of direct-fed microbial addition in guinea fowl (numida meleagris) diets on performance and health responses.the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of intermittent use of direct-fed microbial addition (dfm-"re3®") on growth performance and health status of indigenous guinea fowls in northern ghana. one-hundred and eighty day-old guinea keets were randomly assigned to 4 direct-fed microbial (dfm) treatments that included: control, daily, 3 consecutive days per wk (3cdw), and 7 days repeated every other wk (7dreow) at 1.5 ml/l through water from day 1 to 56 days. feed intake, body weig ...201829554313
histological structure and age-related changes in the luminal diameter of the excurrent duct system of guinea cocks(numida meleagris)and associated changes in testosterone concentrations.as little information is available on the reproductive system of guinea fowl(numida meleagris),a study was conducted on 49 male guinea fowl to document the histological structure and developmental changes in the luminal diameter of the ducts within the excurrent duct system and associated changes in concentrations of testosterone. age-related changes were analyzed using the kruskal-wallis test and medians separated by the mann-whitney u-test. tubuli recti were clearly visible in the guinea fowl ...201829382970
gearing effects of the patella (knee extensor muscle sesamoid) of the helmeted guineafowl during terrestrial locomotion.human patellae (kneecaps) are thought to act as gears, altering the mechanical advantage of knee extensor muscles during running. similar sesamoids have evolved in the knee extensor tendon independently in birds, but it is unknown if these also affect the mechanical advantage of knee extensors. here, we examine the mechanics of the patellofemoral joint in the helmeted guineafowlnumida meleagrisusing a method based on muscle and tendon moment arms taken about the patella's rotation centre around ...201729200662
escape and surveillance asymmetries in locusts exposed to a guinea fowl-mimicking robot predator.escape and surveillance responses to predators are lateralized in several vertebrate species. however, little is known on the laterality of escapes and predator surveillance in arthropods. in this study, we investigated the lateralization of escape and surveillance responses in young instars and adults of locusta migratoria during biomimetic interactions with a robot-predator inspired to the guinea fowl, numida meleagris. results showed individual-level lateralization in the jumping escape of lo ...201728993651
3-d range of motion envelopes reveal interacting degrees of freedom in avian hind limb joints.measuring range of motion (rom) is a valuable technique that can link bone morphology to joint function in both extant and extinct taxa. rom results are commonly presented as tables or graphs of maxima and minima for each rotational degree of freedom. we investigate the interactions among three degrees of freedom using x-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (xromm) to measure rom of the main hind limb joints of helmeted guineafowl (numida meleagris). by plotting each rotation on an axis, we g ...201728833095
developmental changes in the histological structure of the testes, and testosterone profiles in male guinea fowls (numida meleagris).owing to the paucity of information on the reproductive biology of guinea fowls, a study involving a total of 66 males was conducted, and documented the developmental changes in histological structure of the testes of guinea cocks from hatching until adulthood. changes in testosterone synthesis during sexual development were also determined. age-related changes were analysed using univariate analysis for completely randomised design and means separated using tukey's test/kruskal-wallis test and ...201728708508
molecular epidemiology of avian rotaviruses group a and d shed by different bird species in nigeria.avian rotaviruses (rvs) cause gastrointestinal diseases of birds worldwide. however, prevalence, diversity, epidemiology and phylogeny of rvs remain largely under-investigated in africa.201728606119
impact of black soldier fly larval meal on growth performance, apparent digestibility, haematological and blood chemistry indices of guinea fowl starter keets under tropical conditions.in order to assess the impact of larval meal on guinea fowl, six iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were fed to day-old-keets ad libitum till 8 weeks of age. water was also freely provided. the fishmeal (fm) component of the experimental diets was replaced with black soldier fly larval meal (bsflm) in the following percentage ratios of 0-100%. results showed that body weight gain significantly (p < 0.05) increased in all the bsflm treatment groups compared to the control group. the final body ...201728550593
physical and chemical properties of meat from scavenging chickens and helmeted guinea fowls in response to age and sex.1. the effects of age and sex on body weight, carcass traits, physical and chemical properties of breast muscle from chickens and helmeted guinea fowls managed under village free range conditions, were assessed in random sample of 48 guinea fowls and 48 chickens obtained from local markets. 2. guinea fowls had higher body weight, hot carcass weight, cold dressed weight and breast weight than chickens. 3. guinea fowls had more dry matter, protein and less fat than chickens. ash content did not di ...201728394176
measurement of tear production and intraocular pressure in healthy captive helmeted guinea fowl ( numida meleagris ).we establish reference values of tear production by the phenol red thread test (prtt) and intraocular pressure (iop) by rebound tonometry in helmeted guinea fowl ( numida meleagris ). aqueous tear production and iop were measured in 44 (22 males, 22 females) clinically normal captive helmeted guinea fowl. birds were gently physically restrained in the sitting position without any pressure to the head or neck. in each bird, aqueous tear production was measured by placing phenol red threads in the ...201628107078
histogenesis of the oesophagus of guinea fowl (numida meleagris) at prehatch and posthatch.the histogenesis of the primordial oesophagus was studied to determine the period in which the tunics of the oesophagus developed and became functional in the helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris). eighteen embryos and nine keets were studied at prehatch and posthatch, respectively. simple columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchymal cells was obvious at the 8th day of embryonic development. by the 19th day of embryonic development, the four tunics, tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis ...201628053804
sperm subpopulations in avian species: a comparative study between the rooster (gallus domesticus) and guinea fowl (numida meleagris).the main aims of this research were to study possible differences in objective morphometric sperm characteristics, establish normative sperm morphometry standards, and evaluate the presumed different subpopulation distribution of avian spermatozoa from the rooster (gallus domesticus ) and guinea fowl (numida meleagris ) as model avian species. seventy-two ejaculates (36 per species studied) were obtained manually, following a training period involving gently combined dorso-abdominal and lumbo-sa ...201727751988
pharmacokinetic evaluation of a long-acting fentanyl solution after transdermal administration in helmeted guineafowl (numida meleagris).the objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a long-acting fentanyl solution in helmeted guineafowl ( numida meleagris ) after transdermal administration. twenty-one guineafowl received a single administration of 5 mg/kg of fentanyl transdermal solution. no adverse effects on behavior were appreciated. plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of protein-precipitated samples. mean maximum plasma concentration was ...201627468018
antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of ethanolic extract of pergularia daemia leaves: a possible substitute in diabetic management.the leaves of pergularia daemia forsk (family asclepidaceae) provide alternative plant-based treatments for the management of diabetes mellitus and diarrhoea in both humans and indigenous poultry species like the guinea fowls (numida meleagris). however, no scientific investigations to validate its usefulness in ghana have been established. this study therefore sought to investigate the anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the 70 % ethanolic extract of p. daemia using streptozotocin (stz)-induced dia ...201627352448
histopathologic characterization and shedding dynamics of guineafowl (numida meleagris) intravenously infected with a h6n2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus.guineafowl of different ages were inoculated intravenously with a h6n2 wild waterfowl-origin low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (lpaiv). no clinical disease was observed. the infected birds had atrophy of the spleen, thymus, and cloacal bursa when compared with the noninfected control groups. the central and peripheral lymphoid tissues presented either lymphoproliferative or degenerative lesions that increased in intensity from 14 to 21 days postinoculation (dpi). lymphoid depletion was pre ...201627309068
effects of season on the reproductive organs and steroid hormone profiles in guinea hens (numida meleagris).the study documented gross anatomical and histological differences in the reproductive organs of 28 breeding and non-breeding female guinea fowls. peripheral progesterone and 17β-oestradiol concentrations were also compared in breeding and non-breeding hens. in non-breeding females, all ovarian and oviducal gross anatomical features had significantly regressed. histologically, some of the changes in a regressing oviduct include systematic changes in height and size of all epithelial cells in all ...201626951954
confirmed organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in south african wildlife (2009-2014).during a six-year period (from january 2009 to december 2014), specimens collected from 344 cases of suspected organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisonings in wildlife, including birds, were submitted to the toxicology laboratory (arc-ovi) for analysis. a positive diagnosis was made in 135 (39%) of these cases. the majority of cases were from birds, which included cape vultures (gyps coprotheres) and african white-backed vultures (gyps africanus) and bateleur eagles (terathopius ecaudatus ...201526824339
thromboelastography in selected avian species.currently available assay methods and reagents are not optimized for evaluating avian hemostasis; therefore, assessing avian coagulopathies is challenging. recently, thromboelastography (teg), which measures the viscoelastic properties of blood, has been used clinically in mammalian species to diagnose and characterize hemostatic disorders. to evaluate teg in healthy individuals of 6 avian species, we modified existing mammalian teg protocols to allow analysis of citrated, avian whole-blood samp ...201526771317
guineafowl with a twist: asymmetric limb control in steady bipedal locomotion.in avian bipeds performing steady locomotion, right and left limbs are typically assumed to act out of phase, but with little kinematic disparity. however, outwardly appearing steadiness may harbor previously unrecognized asymmetries. here, we present marker-based xromm data showing that guineafowl on a treadmill routinely yaw away from their direction of travel using asymmetrical limb kinematics. variation is most strongly reflected at the hip joints, where patterns of femoral long-axis rotatio ...201526632457
effects of season on the reproductive organ and plasma testosterone concentrations in guinea cocks (numida meleagris).the physiological basis of seasonal breeding in the guinea fowl (numida meleagris) still remains unknown, despite the socioeconomic importance of these birds, particularly in ghana. a study involving a total of 50 local guinea cocks was conducted, and documented gross anatomical and histological differences in the reproductive organs of breeding and non-breeding male guinea fowls. the study also compared peripheral testosterone concentrations in breeding and non-breeding cocks. seasonal differen ...201626527710
how do treadmill speed and terrain visibility influence neuromuscular control of guinea fowl locomotion?locomotor control mechanisms must flexibly adapt to both anticipated and unexpected terrain changes to maintain movement and avoid a fall. recent studies revealed that ground birds alter movement in advance of overground obstacles, but not treadmill obstacles, suggesting context-dependent shifts in the use of anticipatory control. we hypothesized that differences between overground and treadmill obstacle negotiation relate to differences in visual sensory information, which influence the ability ...201526254324
distribution of endemic and introduced tick species in free state province, south africa.the distributions of endemic tick vector species as well as the presence of species not endemic to free state province, south africa, were determined during surveys or opportunistic collections from livestock, wildlife and vegetation. amongst endemic ticks, the presence of rhipicephalus appendiculatus was confirmed in the north of the province, whilst rhipicephalus decoloratus was collected at 31 localities mostly in the centre and east, and ixodes rubicundus at 11 localities in the south, south ...201526244582
mitochondrial dna variation of nigerian domestic helmeted guinea fowl.we analyzed genetic diversity of 215 mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop sequences from seven populations of domesticated helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris) in nigeria and compared that with results of samples collected in kenya (n = 4) and china (n = 22). in total, 241 sequences were assigned to 22 distinct haplotypes. haplotype diversity in nigeria was 0.693 ± 0.022. the network grouped most matrilines into two main haplogroups: a and b. there was an absence of a geographic signal, and two h ...201526153528
molecular tools to support metabolic and immune function research in the guinea fowl (numida meleagris).guinea fowl (numidia meleagris) production as an alternative source of meat and poultry has shown potential for economic viability. however, there has been little progress in characterizing the transcriptome of the guinea fowl. in this study rna-sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly of several guinea fowl tissues (pancreas, hypothalamus, liver, bone marrow and bursa) which play key roles in regulating feed intake, satiety, and immune function was performed using illumina's hi-seq 2000.201525948401
ca(2+)-dependent nonspecific permeability of the inner membrane of liver mitochondria in the guinea fowl (numida meleagris).this comparative study presents the results of the induction of ca(2+)-dependent nonspecific permeability of the inner membrane (pore opening) of rat and guinea fowl liver mitochondria by mechanisms that are both sensitive and insensitive to cyclosporin a (csa). it was established that energized rat and guinea fowl liver mitochondria incubated with 1 mm of inorganic phosphate (pi) are capable of swelling upon addition of at least 125 and 875 nmol of cacl2 per 1 mg protein, respectively. under th ...201525690874
host specificity of turkey and chicken eimeria: controlled cross-transmission studies and a phylogenetic view.protozoan parasites of the eimeria genus have undergone extensive speciation and are now represented by a myriad of species that are specialised to different hosts. these species are highly host-specific and usually parasitise single host species, with only few reported exceptions. doubts regarding the strict host specificity were frequent in the original literature describing coccidia parasitising domestic turkeys. the availability of pure characterised lines of turkey and chicken eimeria speci ...201525660426
sexing in guinea fowls (numida meleagris).despite the potentials and contributions of guinea fowls to economic and social life in ghana, accurate sex identification in these birds is still a major problem. three hundred and sixty guinea fowls (180 birds per sex) were used in determining a more accurate and farmer friendly sexing technique. the sexing methods explored were vent, biometric, and molecular techniques. vent sexing was accomplished by measuring phalli in 28 and 32-week-old birds, while biometric sexing involved the measuremen ...201525595479
[comparative study of free oxidation in liver mitochondria of "wild" gray-speckled population and productive domestic breeds of guinea fowl (numida meleagris)]. 201425486823
seasonal variations in health indices of free-ranging asymptomatic guinea fowls (numida meleagris) in zambia.to determine the impact of seasonal variations on health indices of free-ranging asymptomatic guinea fowls (numida meleagris) in zambia.201425312110
discriminatory approach to auditory stimuli in guinea fowl (numida meleagris) after hyperstriatal/hippocampal brain damage.guinea fowl were trained to approach, feed and retreat from a food dish after hearing a species-specific food-trill. an ethogram including approach, search, locomotion and tension behaviour was recorded before and after operation for a training and a test regime of variations of the natural calls and other sounds. experimental groups consisted of shamcontrols and birds with lesions in the hyperstriatum/hippocampus anterior and posterior to the anterior commissure. both the 'anterior' and 'poster ...198024925274
pharmacokinetics of selamectin in helmeted guineafowl (numida meleagris) after topical administration.twenty-one healthy helmeted guineafowl (numida meleagris) housed at the oklahoma city zoo were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of topical selamectin. birds were divided randomly into three groups of seven birds each. on day 1, all birds received one dose of 20 mg/kg selamectin topically. based on the group number, blood was collected from each bird on three separate occasions over a 28-day period. plasma using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to determine sel ...201424712181
the progressive effects of a high-fat diet on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, growth performance and serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and muscovy duck (cairina moschata).to investigate the progressive effects of a high-fat diet on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, growth performance and serum lipid concentrations in guinea fowl and muscovy ducks, 36 guinea fowl and 36 muscovy ducks were divided into two groups, for each species, and fed either a standard (std = commercial poultry feed) or high-fat diet (hfd = commercial poultry feed with 20% palm oil and 2% lard) for up to 12 weeks. after 4, 8 and 12 weeks on the diets, six birds from each group were euthanized and ...201424313871
the influence of load carrying on the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in a diving bird.the application of artificial loads to mammals and birds has been used to provide insight into the mechanics and energetic cost of terrestrial locomotion. however, only two species of bird have previously been used in loading experiments, the cursorial guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and the locomotor-generalist barnacle goose (branta leucopsis). here, using respirometry and treadmill locomotion, we investigate the energetic cost of carrying trunk loads in a diving bird, the tufted duck (aythya f ...201324244861
effect of ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites, gut morphology, and microflora of growing guinea fowl.a 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of dried ginger meal (dgm) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, gut morphology, and microflora of growing helmeted guinea fowl (numidia meleagris). one hundred sixty 28-day-old male keets were assigned to four dietary treatments. there were 40 birds per treatment replicated four times with 10 keets each. the experimental diets consisted of the basal diet (control), ginger-sup ...201323765551
the description of mediorhynchus africanus n. sp. (acanthocephala: gigantorhynchidae) from galliform birds in africa.mediorhynchus africanus n. sp. is described from specimens collected from the helmeted guinea fowls, numida meliagris linn. 1758 in kruger national park and elsewhere in subsaharan africa from the same and other galliform birds. these specimens were previously assigned to mediorhynchus gallinarum bhaleroa (proc zool soc lond ser b syst morph 107:199-203, 1937) described from chickens, gallus gallus l. in india and subsequently reported from other asian countries. the identification of the africa ...201323722716
identification and typing of salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from guinea fowl (numida meleagris) farms in benin during four laying seasons (2007 to 2010).the main problem for the local guinea fowl (numida meleagris) traditional farming and raising system in north-east benin is the high mortality rate of the keets (up to 70%) due to a combination of climatic, nutritional, hygienic and infectious causes. the present study was carried out to identify and compare the isolates of salmonella enterica from necropsied keets, laying guinea fowl, surrogate hen mothers, other contact animal species and farmers during four laying seasons (2007 to 2010). s. e ...201323391175
carcass composition and breast muscle microstructure in guinea fowl (numida meleagris l.) of different origin.evaluation of dressing percentage and postmortem traits in 14-week-old white and grey guinea fowl, extended with evaluation of breast muscle microstructure, was the aim of the study. subjects were two varieties of guinea fowl kept in an environmentally controlled house. birds received complete commercial feeds. at 14 weeks of rearing, their whole carcasses were dissected postmortem. diameters and percentages of white (alphaw) and red muscle fibres (betar) were determined based on histological an ...201223342913
guineafowl, ticks and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in turkey: the perfect storm?to control ticks carrying the emerging crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) in turkey the government is introducing thousands of exotic helmeted guineafowl (numida meleagris). however, not only do these birds eat negligible numbers of ticks, but they are also excellent nurseries for the young of hyalomma marginatum ticks, the best vectors of cchf.201323206535
interspecific germline transmission of cultured primordial germ cells.in birds, the primordial germ cell (pgc) lineage separates from the soma within 24 h following fertilization. here we show that the endogenous population of about 200 pgcs from a single chicken embryo can be expanded one million fold in culture. when cultured pgcs are injected into a xenogeneic embryo at an equivalent stage of development, they colonize the testis. at sexual maturity, these donor pgcs undergo spermatogenesis in the xenogeneic host and become functional sperm. insemination of sem ...201222629301
phylogenetic analysis of newcastle disease viruses isolated from asymptomatic guinea fowls (numida meleagris) and muscovy ducks (cariana moscata) in nigeria.four newcastle disease virus isolates were recovered from asymptomatic guinea fowl (numida meleagris galeata) and muscovy ducks (cariana moscata). for the purpose of molecular identification and phylogeny, phylogenetic characterization was performed to identify the pathotypes. all four viruses had a cleavage motif (112)rrqkrf(117) which is characteristic of virulent strains. the isolates grouped with viruses previously reported as sub-lineage 5 g from chickens in nigeria. this study report for t ...201322618191
proximate and fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of different cuts of guinea fowl meat as affected by cooking method.poultry is one of the leading meat products in south africa, and its nutritional composition can be affected by the cut and cooking method. limited food composition data are available for typical south african poultry products. this study investigated the effect of different cuts and cooking methods on the proximate and fatty acid composition as well as the cholesterol content of guinea fowl (numida meleagris) meat.201222555902
genetic characterization of astroviruses detected in guinea fowl (numida meleagris) reveals a distinct genotype and suggests cross-species transmission between turkey and guinea fowl.astroviruses can infect mammalian and avian species and are often responsible for gastroenteric disease symptoms. in this study, the complete open reading frame (orf) 2, the 3' end of orf1b and the corresponding intergenic region of astroviruses identified in farmed guinea fowl (numida meleagris) were sequenced and genetically analysed. overall, the genetic sequence of guinea fowl astroviruses was related to turkey astrovirus type 2 (tastv2), although a marked genetic distance was revealed based ...201222527867
effect of age and sex on digestive tract morphometry of guinea fowl (numida meleagris l.).as guinea fowl age, their body weights and length of the esophagus and crop increased significantly, and relative length (cm x 100 g b.w(-1)) of the small intestine, caeca and total intestine decreased significantly (p < or = 0.05) in males and females. in addition, 52-week-old males had a significantly higher percentage length of rectum and heart weight, and females a significantly higher gizzard weight compared to 13-week-old birds. compared to females, adult males differed significantly (p < ...201222428306
effects of butorphanol on the minimum anesthetic concentration for sevoflurane in guineafowl (numida meleagris).to determine the minimum anesthetic concentration (mac) for sevoflurane and measure the dose and temporal effects of butorphanol on the mac for sevoflurane in guineafowl.201222280376
Pharmacokinetics of long-acting ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) after a single intramuscular injection.To evaluate the elimination pharmacokinetics of a single i.m. injection of a long-acting ceftiofur preparation (ceftiofur crystalline-free acid [CCFA]) in healthy adult helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris).201122023130
function of a large biarticular hip and knee extensor during walking and running in guinea fowl (numida meleagris).physiological and anatomical evidence suggests that in birds the iliotibialis lateralis pars postacetabularis (ilpo) is functionally important for running. incorporating regional information, we estimated the mean sarcomere strain trajectory and electromyographic (emg) amplitude of the ilpo during level and incline walking and running. using these data and data in the literature of muscle energy use, we examined three hypotheses: (1) active lengthening will occur on the ascending limb of the len ...201121957104
analysis of electrocardiographic parameters in helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris).the goal of this study was to describe normal electrocardiographic (ecg) patterns and values in conscious helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris). using 8 clinically healthy birds, 4 males and 4 females, standard bipolar and augmented unipolar limb lead ecgs were recorded. wave forms were analyzed in all leads at 50 mm/s and at 10 mm = 1 mv to determine pr, qrs, st, qt durations; the net qrs complex; and p and t amplitudes. the polarity of each wave form was tabulated in all leads. the mean elec ...201121657182
isolation of viable toxoplasma gondii from feral guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) from brazil.abstract toxoplasma gondii was isolated from a feral guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and domestic rabbits (oryctologus cuniculus) from brazil for the first time. serum and brains from 10 guinea fowl and 21 rabbits from brazil were examined for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 2 of 10 fowl and 2 of 21 rabbits by the modified agglutination test (titer 1:25 or higher). viable t. gondii (designated tgnmbr1) was isolated from 1 of the 2 seropositive fowl by bioassay in mice, ...201121506805
functional and architectural complexity within and between muscles: regional variation and intermuscular force transmission.over the past 30 years, studies of single muscles have revealed complex patterns of regional variation in muscle architecture, activation, strain and force. in addition, muscles are often functionally integrated with other muscles in parallel or in series. understanding the extent of this complexity and the interactions between muscles will profoundly influence how we think of muscles in relation to organismal function, and will allow us to address questions regarding the functional benefits (or ...201121502119
identification of ascaridia numidae in guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and association with elevated mortality.an outbreak of ascaridiasis occurred in 10-wk-old guinea fowl (numida meleagris) on a commercial farm. birds had exhibited elevated mortality (11.66%) in the previous week, as well as increased water consumption, weakness, anorexia, and stunted growth. numerous nematodes, occasionally occluding the intestinal lumen, were present in the jejunum and ileum and were identified as ascaridia numidae based on microscopic morphology. ribosomal dna 18s and 28s d3 sequences of the nematode were deposited ...201121500654
slipping, sliding and stability: locomotor strategies for overcoming low-friction surfaces.legged terrestrial animals must avoid falling while negotiating unexpected perturbations inherent to their structurally complex environments. among humans, fatal and nonfatal injuries frequently result from slip-induced falls precipitated by sudden unexpected encounters with low-friction surfaces. although studies using walking human models have identified some causes of falls and mechanisms underlying slip prevention, it is unclear whether these apply to various locomotor speeds and other speci ...201121430214
calcified cartilage shape in archosaur long bones reflects overlying joint shape in stress-bearing elements: implications for nonavian dinosaur locomotion.in nonavian dinosaur long bones, the once-living chondroepiphysis (joint surface) overlay a now-fossilized calcified cartilage zone. although the shape of this zone is used to infer nonavian dinosaur locomotion, it remains unclear how much it reflects chondroepiphysis shape. we tested the hypothesis that calcified cartilage shape reflects the overlying chondroepiphysis in extant archosaurs. long bones with intact epiphyses from american alligators (alligator mississippiensis), helmeted guinea fo ...201021046673
eggshell permeability: a standard technique for determining interspecific rates of water vapor conductance.typically, eggshell water vapor conductance is measured on whole eggs, freshly collected at the commencement of a study. at times, however, it may not be possible to obtain whole fresh eggs but rather egg fragments or previously blown eggs. here we evaluate and describe in detail a technique for modern laboratory analysis of eggshell conductance that uses fragments from fresh and museum eggs to determine eggshell water vapor conductance. we used fresh unincubated eggs of domesticated chickens (g ...201020939733
putative protective antibody response following oral vaccination of multi-age free ranging helmeted guinea fowls (numida meleagris) with newcastle disease virus strain i-2 coated on oiled rice.on-farm study was conducted to determine the efficacy of thermostable newcastle disease (nd) strain i-2 vaccine coated on oiled rice following oral vaccination of multi-age free ranging helmeted guinea fowls. the results from haemagglutination-inhibition assay showed that 7 days after the guinea fowls were orally vaccinated they seroconverted and attained the geometric mean antibody titre (gmt) of 4.9 log(2) (80%). this antibody titre was above the gmt of 3.0 log(2) which is regarded to be prote ...201020878470
the mechanical function of linked muscles in the guinea fowl hind limb.although mechanical linkages between the proximal and distal limb are present in a range of species, their functional significance is unknown. we have investigated the mechanical function of the flexor cruris lateralis pars pelvica (fclp), flexor cruris lateralis pars accessoria (fcla) and gastrocnemius intermedia (gi), a system of linked muscles spanning proximal and distal limb segments in the guinea fowl (numida meleagris) hind limb. the fclp, which is in the anatomical position of a hamstrin ...201020543118
eimeria khobahensis sp. n. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from guinea fowl, numida meleagris in saudi arabia.eimeria khobahensis sp.n. is described from the intestine of the guinea fowl, numida meleagris (galliformes: phasianidae) collected at and around khobah area near the southern borders of saudi arabia. sporulated oocysts are ellipsoid, 25 x 19.4 (23.3-27.6 x 17.8-20.6) microm, with a smooth, greenish-yellow bi-layered wall 1.9 (1.5-2.4) microm. micropyle and polar granule are present. an oocyst residuum is present, consisting of several globules that are irregular in shapes and sizes. sporocysts ...201020503588
melanism in guinea fowl (numida meleagris) is associated with a deletion of phenylalanine-256 in the mc1r gene.we have characterized a deletion in the mc1r gene causing the loss of one amino acid (p.phe256del), which is perfectly associated with melanism in guinea fowl (numida meleagris). co-segregation of the p.phe256del with melanism was confirmed in 25 offspring born from a cross of two heterozygote birds; therefore we suggest that this mutation is responsible for the black phenotype. interestingly, this is the first case of recessive melanism linked to mc1r.201020477788
polymerase chain reaction assay for verifying the labeling of meat and commercial meat products from game birds targeting specific sequences from the mitochondrial d-loop region.a pcr assay was developed for the identification of meats and commercial meat products from quail (coturnix coturnix), pheasant (phasianus colchicus), partridge (alectoris spp.), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), pigeon (columba spp.), eurasian woodcock (scolopax rusticola), and song thrush (turdus philomelos) based on oligonucleotide primers targeting specific sequences from the mitochondrial d-loop region. the primers designed generated specific fragments of 96, 100, 104, 106, 147, 127, and 154 ...201020371856
effects of midazolam on ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in guinea fowl (numida meleagris galeata).to determine the effect of midazolam on ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, 20 guinea fowl (numida meleagris galeata) were randomly divided into 2 groups. birds in group kx were anesthetized with ketamine (15 mg/kg i.m.) and xylazine (2.5 mg/kg i.m.), whereas the birds anesthetized in group kxm received midazolam (0.3 mg/kg i.m.) in addition to the ketamine and xylazine protocol. the onset of anesthesia, duration of analgesia, duration of recumbency, and recovery time were determined. heart and respir ...200919999763
nutrient digestibility of mucuna (mucuna pruriens var. utilis) bean in guinea fowl (numida meleagris, l): effects of heat treatment and levels of incorporation in diets.1. mucuna pruriens var. utilis is a legume, the seeds of which are scarcely used in animal diets owing to their high content of 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (l-dopa). 2. experiments were conducted on guinea fowl to assess the effects of two types of heat processing (cooking and toasting) on chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of mucuna seeds offered alone or incorporated at three concentrations (40, 120 or 200 g/kg) in complete diets. 3. diets containing 200 g/kg seeds had more crud ...200919904635
the cost of ventilation in birds measured via unidirectional artificial ventilation.the highly derived mechanism birds use to ventilate their lungs relies on dorsoventral excursions of their heavily muscled sternum and abdominal viscera. our expectation of the level of mechanical work involved in this mechanism led us to hypothesize that the metabolic cost of breathing is higher in birds than in other tetrapods. to test this theory, we used unidirectional artificial ventilation (udv) to stop normal ventilatory movements in guinea fowl (numida meleagris l.) at rest and during tr ...201019857595
the effect of floor density on growth performance and carcass characteristics of french guinea broilers.the floor density required for optimal growth performance of different avian species and varieties is highly variable. little is known of the required floor density for optimum performance of the french guinea fowl (numida meleagris) broiler. the objective of this study was to assess the effect of varying floor densities on growth performance and carcass characteristics of the french guinea broiler. in 3 replicates, 687 one-day-old french guinea keets were weighed individually and randomly assig ...200919834101
malignant seminoma with multiple visceral metastases in a guinea fowl (numida meleagris) kept in a zoo.a case of seminoma found in an adult guinea fowl (numida meleagris) that has been exhibited in a zoo is reported. the right testis was extremely enlarged and replaced by round and polyhedral pleomorphic neoplastic cells showing nest, sheet, and diffuse growth patterns. the neoplastic cells had acidophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic and eccentrically placed nuclei. metastatic lesions composed of diffuse growth of neoplastic cells similar to those of the primary tumor were seen in the liver, lun ...200919432019
the role of intrinsic muscle mechanics in the neuromuscular control of stable running in the guinea fowl.here we investigate the interplay between intrinsic mechanical and neural factors in muscle contractile performance during running, which has been less studied than during walking. we report in vivo recordings of the gastrocnemius muscle of the guinea fowl (numida meleagris), during the response and recovery from an unexpected drop in terrain. previous studies on leg and joint mechanics following this perturbation suggested that distal leg extensor muscles play a key role in stabilisation. here, ...200919359369
colloid in the anterior pituitary of helmet guinea fowl (numida meleagris galeata): morphometric analysis and pattern of occurrence in relation to apoptosis.colloidal accumulations in the pars distalis of helmet guinea fowls at various ages from 1 to 450 days were examined by periodic acid-schiff reaction, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. round, ovoid and elongated colloids were observed. colloids (69.5 +/- 2.997) with 0.169 +/- 0.014 microm mean diameter were already present in a 1-day-old bird. numerous colloids were encountered in 450 days old birds (2931.333 +/- 29.847) with 2.263 +/- 0.078 microm mean diameter of round colloids. a ...200919291416
mechanical efficiency of limb swing during walking and running in guinea fowl (numida meleagris).understanding the mechanical determinants of the energy cost of limb swing is crucial for refining our models of locomotor energetics, as well as improving treatments for those suffering from impaired limb-swing mechanics. in this study, we use guinea fowl (numida meleagris) as a model to explore whether mechanical work at the joints explains limb-swing energy use by combining inverse dynamic modeling and muscle-specific energetics from blood flow measurements. we found that the overall efficien ...200919228989
identification of raw and heat-processed meats from game bird species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial d-loop region.polymerase chain reaction-rflp analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from quail (coturnix coturnix), pheasant (phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa), chukar partridge (alectoris chukar), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), eurasian woodcock (scolopax rusticola), and woodpigeon (columba palumbus). polymerase chain reaction amplification was carried out using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 310 bp f ...200919211540
polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism authentication of raw meats from game birds.polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from quail (coturnix coturnix), pheasant (phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), eurasian woodcock (scolopax rusticola), woodpigeon (columba palumbus), and song thrush (turdus philomelos). pcr amplification was performed using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of app ...200819202803
trematodes of free range reared guinea fowls (numida meleagris linnaeus, 1758) in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil: morphology and pathology.an investigation on the digenetic trematodes parasitizing free range reared guinea fowls was conducted in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, based on clinical examination, necropsies and histopathological findings in 36 guinea fowls. parasites, prevalence and intensity of infection were, respectively: paratanaisia bragai, 61.1% and 31 (in each kidney); athesmia heterolecithodes, 8.3% and 38; conspicuum conspicuum, 2.8% and 1. a. heterolecithodes was highly pathogenic to guinea fowls, causing s ...200119184902
high susceptibility of partridges ( perdix perdix ) to toxoplasmosis compared with other gallinaceous birds.partridges ( perdix perdix ), chukars ( alectoris chukar ), wild guineafowl ( numida meleagris ), wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) and chickens ( gallus domesticus ) were inoculated per os with 103 or 105 toxoplasma gondii oocysts (k7 strain). two of five partridges fed 103 oocysts and six of eight partridges fed 105 oocysts died between day 6 and 16 post-inoculation (p.i.); no clinical symptoms were observed in surviving birds. antibodies to t. gondii were detected in the birds by the indir ...200019184852
fatigue alters in vivo function within and between limb muscles during locomotion.muscle fatigue, a reduction in force as a consequence of exercise, is an important factor for any animal that moves, and can result from both peripheral and/or central mechanisms. although much is known about whole-limb force generation and activation patterns in fatigued muscles under sustained isometric contractions, little is known about the in vivo dynamics of limb muscle function in relation to whole-body fatigue. here we show that limb kinematics and contractile function in the lateral (lg ...200919129096
seasonal variations in the crop contents of scavenging helmeted guinea fowls (numida meleagris, l.) in parakou (benin).1. an experiment was carried out with 120 helmeted guinea fowls during one year in parakou (benin). feed intake, ingredient and chemical composition, along with the nutritional adequacy of scavenging diets were measured during the rainy season (november-february) and dry season (march-october) in order to propose supplementation strategies. ingredients found in crops were identified and allocated into 6 main categories (supplemental feed, seeds, green forages, animal materials, mineral matter an ...200819093249
effect of progesterone secretion on egg production in the grey helmet guinea fowl (numida meleagris galleata).the effect of progesterone (p4) on egg production was investigated using twenty female guinea fowls raised on deep litter. the birds were given feed and water ad-libitum. they were routinely bled by wing jab between the hours of 9.00 and 10.00 am twice a month for p4 determination. sera harvested from the samples were stored at -20 degrees c until assayed for p4 by radio-immuno-assay method (ria). egg production had a very high (p<0.001) and positive correlation with progesterone level. a high v ...200719069908
the helminth community of helmeted guineafowls, numida meleagris (linnaeus, 1758), in the north of limpopo province, south africa.the helminths of 15 helmeted guineafowls were collected in the north of limpopo province, south africa. a total of 11 cestode, ten nematode and a single acanthocephalan species were present. species richness ranged from 8 to 16 species per host, and nine core and nine secondary species accounted for 40.9% of the component parasite community. the remaining 18.2% comprised satellite species. core species represented 91% of all the worms present. individual intensities ranged from 66 to 2,724 per h ...200819040137
the skeletal kinematics of lung ventilation in three basal bird taxa (emu, tinamou, and guinea fowl).in vivo visceral and skeletal kinematics of lung ventilation was examined using cineradiography in two palaeognaths, the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) and the chilean tinamou (nothoprocta perdicaria), and a basal neognath, the helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris). upon inspiration, the thorax expands in all dimensions. the vertebral ribs swing forward and upward, thereby increasing the transverse diameter of the trunk. the consistent location of the parapophysis throughout the dorsal vertebr ...200918942101
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