Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| in vitro evaluation of sub-lethal concentrations of plant-derived antifungal compounds on fusaria growth and mycotoxin production. | phytopathogenic fungi can lead to significant cereal yield losses, also producing mycotoxins dangerous for human and animal health. the fungal control based on the use of synthetic fungicides can be complemented by "green" methods for crop protection, based on the use of natural products. in this frame, the antifungal activities of bergamot and lemon essential oils and of five natural compounds recurrent in essential oils (citronellal, citral, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde and limonene) have bee ... | 2017 | 28758914 |
| identification and characterization of the major antifungal substance against fusarium sporotrichioides from chaetomium globosum. | fusarium sporotrichioides, is a common soil-borne plant pathogen causing dry rot of potato in northeast china. the objective of this study was to identify the main antifungal substances from chaetomium globosum w7 against f. sporotrichioides. strain w7 can significantly inhibit f. sporotrichioides without direct contact, suggesting that its antifungal substance was extracellular, and the solubility of this antifungal substance in ethyl acetate was superior to that in water. acetone was selected ... | 2017 | 28466302 |
| growth inhibition and morphological alteration of fusarium sporotrichioides by mentha piperita essential oil. | the aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical composition, antifungal activity of mentha piperita essential oil (mpe) against fusarium sporotrichioides. | 0 | 28250658 |
| fate of fusarium toxins during brewing. | some information is available about the fate of fusarium toxins during the brewing process, but only little is known about the single processing steps in detail. in our study we produced beer from two different barley cultivars inoculated with three different fusarium species, namely, fusarium culmorum, fusarium sporotrichioides, and fusarium avenaceum, producing a wide range of mycotoxins such as type b trichothecenes, type a trichothecenes, and enniatins. by the use of multi-mycotoxin lc-ms/ms ... | 2017 | 27931101 |
| multidrug-resistant fusarium in keratitis: a clinico-mycological study of keratitis infections in chennai, india. | in this study, we aimed to present the first molecular epidemiological data from chennai, india, analyse keratitis cases that have been monitored in a university hospital during 2 years, identify the responsible fusarium species and determine antifungal susceptibilities. a total of 10 cases of keratitis were included in the study. fusarium isolates were identified using the second largest subunit of the rna polymerase gene (rpb2) and the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1). antifungal s ... | 2017 | 27766684 |
| metabolic changes in euphorbia palusrtis latex after fungal infection. | the variations of metabolic profile of the latex of wild-growing euphorbia palustris was carried out using multivariate analysis of (1)h nmr spectral data. one population was infected with fungi fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium proliferatum and alternaria alternata, while the other consisted of healthy plant species. the non-polar metabolites of latex extracts such as benzoyl ingenol-laurate, amyrin decadienoate esters, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and 24-methylenecycloartanol were identified using ... | 2016 | 27553715 |
| identification of different fusarium spp. in allium spp. in germany. | in 2013 allium cepa bulbs from different fields in northern and southern germany, seeds and sets from onion breeders were analysed for infestation with fusarium species. the same investigation was done in 2014 with different edible allium spp. from local markets. different fusarium spp. were isolated and identified by morphological characterisation. 24 different fusarium spp. were identified. the diversity of fusarium spp. and the intensity of infestation was higher on edible bulbs compared to t ... | 2015 | 27141742 |
| hydroxylations of trichothecene rings in the biosynthesis of fusarium trichothecenes: evolution of alternative pathways in the nivalenol chemotype. | fusarium sporotrichioides genes fstri11, fstri13, and fstri1 encode cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (cyps) responsible for hydroxylations at c-15, c-4, and c-8 of the trichothecene skeleton, respectively. however, the corresponding genes of nivalenol (niv)-chemotype fusarium graminearum remain to be functionally elucidated. in this study, we characterized the roles of these cyps in niv biosynthesis. analyses of the metabolites of the f. graminearum fgtri11(-) mutant, a disruptant of fgtri11 encod ... | 2016 | 27120196 |
| effects of phenolic acids on the growth and production of t-2 and ht-2 toxins by fusarium langsethiae and f. sporotrichioides. | the effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of t-2 and ht-2 toxins by fusarium langsethiae and f. sporotrichioides, on mycotoxin synthetic medium. plates treated with 0.5 mm of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25 °c. fungal biomass of f. langsethiae and f. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. however, biosynthesis of t-2 toxin by f. langsethiae was ... | 2016 | 27049379 |
| a non-linear model for temperature-dependent sporulation and t-2 and ht-2 production of fusarium langsethiae and fusarium sporotrichioides. | this research has produced new quantitative data on the sporulation and t-2+ht-2 toxin production that could be further integrated to develop a comprehensive disease or toxin prediction model for fusarium langsethiae and fusarium sporotrichioides. experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temperature or incubation time on sporulation and the effect of temperature on t-2+ht-2 toxin production of strains of the two species. f. sporotrichioides demonstrated a preference for higher tempe ... | 2016 | 27020157 |
| fate of fusarium toxins during the malting process. | little is known about the fate of fusarium mycotoxins during the barley malting process. to determine the fungal dna and mycotoxin concentrations during malting, we used barley grain harvested from field plots that we had inoculated with fusarium species that produce type a or type b trichothecenes or enniatins. using a recently developed multimycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass stable isotope dilution method, we identified fusarium-species-specific behaviors of mycotoxins in grain and m ... | 2016 | 26813702 |
| wildly growing asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) hosts pathogenic fusarium species and accumulates their mycotoxins. | asparagus officinalis l. is an important crop in many european countries, likely infected by a number of fusarium species. most of them produce mycotoxins in plant tissues, thus affecting the physiology of the host plant. however, there is lack of information on fusarium communities in wild asparagus, where they would definitely have considerable environmental significance. therefore, the main scientific aim of this study was to identify the fusarium species and quantify their typical mycotoxins ... | 2016 | 26687343 |
| structural and mechanistic analysis of engineered trichodiene synthase enzymes from trichoderma harzianum: towards higher catalytic activities empowering sustainable agriculture. | trichoderma spp. are well-known bioagents for the plant growth promotion and pathogen suppression. the beneficial activities of the fungus trichoderma spp. are attributed to their ability to produce and secrete certain secondary metabolites such as trichodermin that belongs to trichothecene family of molecules. the initial steps of trichodermin biosynthetic pathway in trichoderma are similar to the trichothecenes from fusarium sporotrichioides. trichodiene synthase (ts) encoded by tri5 gene in t ... | 2016 | 26207800 |
| biosynthesis of beauvericin and enniatins in vitro by wheat fusarium species and natural grain contamination in an area of central italy. | contamination of wheat grain by beauvericin (bea) and enniatins (ens) is a global emerging mycotoxicological food problem. in this study, strains of fusarium avenaceum (fa), fusarium poae (fp), fusarium equiseti and fusarium sporotrichioides, all potential bea and en producers, isolated from 162 grain samples of durum and soft wheat harvested in 2009 and 2010 collected in an area of central italy, were preliminarily screened for the presence of the esyn1 gene, encoding the multifunctional enzyme ... | 2015 | 25475336 |
| effects of acivicin on growth, mycotoxin production and virulence of phytopathogenic fungi. | acivicin is an inhibitor of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutamine amidotransferase. when grown on a synthetic minimal agar medium, acivicin strongly inhibited the growth of magnaporthe oryzae and alternaria brassicicola, and to a lesser extent, botrytis cinerea. however, only partial or marginal growth inhibition was observed with regard to fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum. the growth retardation caused by acivicin was significantly alleviated by cultivating the fungus on a n ... | 2014 | 24863673 |
| real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for group specific detection of important trichothecene producing fusarium species in wheat. | trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivaneol (don), nivalenol (niv) and t2-toxin are produced by a variety of fusarium spp. on cereals in the field and may be ingested by consumption of commodities and products made thereof. the toxins inhibit eukaryotic protein biosynthesis and may thus impair human and animal health. aimed at rapid and sensitive detection of the most important trichothecene producing fusarium spp. in a single analysis, a real-time duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplificatio ... | 2014 | 24631635 |
| [expression of cecropin p1 gene increases resistance of camelina sativa (l.) plants to microbial phytopathogenes]. | transgenic plants of camelina (camelina sativa (l.) crantz) with the synthetic gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 (cecp1) were obtained. agrobacterium-mediated transformation is performed using the binary vector pga482::cecp1 by vacuum infiltration of flower buds. the presence of the cecp1 gene in the genome of plants was confirmed by pcr. cecp1 gene expression in transgenic plants was shown by western blot analysis and by antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the bacterial phy ... | 2013 | 24159802 |
| deoxynivalenol and other selected fusarium toxins in swedish oats--occurrence and correlation to specific fusarium species. | fusarium moulds frequently contaminate oats and other cereals world-wide, including those grown in northern europe. to investigate the presence of toxigenic fusarium species and their toxins in oats, samples were taken during 2010 and 2011 in three geographical regions of sweden (east, west, south). the samples were analysed by real-time pcr for the specific infection level of seven fusarium species associated with oats and other cereals (fusarium poae, fusarium graminearum, fusarium langsethiae ... | 2013 | 23962918 |
| mycotoxin production of fusarium langsethiae and fusarium sporotrichioides on cereal-based substrates. | the present study investigated and compared the mycotoxin production of two fusarium species, f. sporotrichioides and f. langsethiae, isolated from grain samples. fusarium strains were cultivated at 25°c for 7 days on two types of solid media, i.e. rice-flour and cereal-flour agar. toxins produced were measured after the incubation period with a multi-mycotoxin method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). both f. sporotrichioides and f. langsethiae synthesised type- ... | 2011 | 23605980 |
| mycotoxin production in a carbendazim-resistant strain of fusarium sporotrichioides. | mycelial yield and production of three trichothecenes, namely t-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (das) and neosolaniol (neo) were compared in control (cs) and carbendazim-resistant strains (rs) offusarium sporotrichioides. each strain was exposed to graded concentrations of carbendazim (0, 1, 2, and 4 μg/ml media) for 2, 5 and 7 days under shake-culture conditions at an incubation temperature of 25°c. mycelial yield was significantly (p<0.001) affected by strain, carbendazim concentration and incubat ... | 2000 | 23605346 |
| fusarium sporotrichioides sherb. and trichothecenes associated with fusarium-ear rot of corn before harvest. | fusarium sporotrichioides was found to be the predominant fungus in approximately 2 % of corn ears damaged byfusarium species, before harvest during 1984 and 1985 in poland. concentrations of up to 1,714.9 mg/kg of total type-a trichothecenes (t-2 toxin, ht-2 toxin, neosolaniol, t-2 triol, and t-2 tetraol) were found in hand-selected, heavily damaged kernels obtained fromf. sporotrichioides-molded ears. | 1987 | 23604946 |
| the defense response in arabidopsis thaliana against fusarium sporotrichioides. | 2012 | 23110430 | |
| acute and chronic disease associated with naturally occurring t-2 mycotoxicosis in sheep. | a flock of approximately 1,000 sheep were exposed intermittently to food contaminated with t-2 toxin (t-2), a potent type-a trichothecene mycotoxin produced primarily by fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium poae. in the acute stage of the intoxication, affected sheep developed anorexia, decreased water consumption, ruminal atony, soft faeces and apathy. one hundred and ninety of the exposed sheep died. the main gross lesions observed in animals dying during the acute disease were rumenitis and ... | 2013 | 22819015 |
| observation of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin glucosides from fusarium sporotrichioides by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). | the trichothecenes produced by solid and liquid cultures of fusarium sporotrichioides were evaluated with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). along with the expected t-2 toxin ht-2 toxin and neosolaniol, two additional compounds were detected, which had ions 162 m/z higher than those in the mass spectra of t-2 toxin or ht-2 toxin. fragmentation behavior of these two compounds was similar to that of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin. based on lc-ms/ms behavior, it i ... | 2011 | 22295176 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol against mycotoxigenic plant pathogens. | the aim of this study was to examine the effect of five naturally occurring compounds from essential oils on 10 different species of mycotoxigenic fungi involved in several plant diseases. the antifungal activities of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol were observed in vitro on fusarium subglutinans, fusarium cerealis, fusarium verticillioides, fusarium proliferatum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium sporotrichioides, aspergillus tubingensis, aspergillus carbonarius, ... | 2011 | 22257275 |
| stimulatory effect on rat thymocytes proliferation and antimicrobial activity of two 6-(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-diones. | recently we reported the identification and synthesis of cyclodidepsipeptides, 3,6-di(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (ppm) and 3-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (bpm), as potential precursors of enniatin b in fusarium sporotrichioides. no data concerning biological activity of ppm and bpm have hitherto been published. the possible immunomodulatory effect and antimicrobial activity of ppm and bpm were investigated in this study, due to well known biologi ... | 2011 | 22138252 |
| accumulation kinetics of three scirpentriol-based toxins in oats inoculated in vitro with isolates of fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium poae. | autoclaved oats were inoculated with a strain of fusarium sporotrichioides or fusarium poae. moisture content of oats after inoculation was at 38%, incubation took place in standing culture at 28 °c. the a-type trichothecenes, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (4,15-das), 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (15-mas), and scirpentriol (scirp) were analyzed by gc/ms. for each strain, three culture flasks were harvested at 2-3 day intervals starting immediately after inoculation. total incubation time was 42 days (f. po ... | 2011 | 22069718 |
| distribution of t-2 and ht-2 toxins in milling fractions of durum wheat. | the effect of processing on mycotoxin content in milling fractions has been investigated in 10 samples of durum wheat contaminated with t-2 and ht-2 toxins at levels ranging from 97 to 5,954 μg/kg (sum of t-2 and ht-2 toxins). either naturally contaminated samples or samples artificially inoculated with fusarium sporotrichioides under field conditions were used. a method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with immunoaffinity column cleanup was validated in-house for ... | 2011 | 22004818 |
| biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes by the fungus fusarium verticillioides. | the volatiles of the fungus fusarium verticillioides were analysed by gc-ms. sesquiterpenes dominated, with trichodiene as the principle component. several other sesquiterpenes were detected in low amounts that were unambiguously identified from their mass spectra and retention indices. the absolute configurations of (r)-ß-bisabolene, (r)-cuparene, (+)-ß-barbatene, (-)-a-cedrene, (+)-ß-cedrene, and (+)-a-funebrene originating from different key cationic intermediates, were determined by chiral g ... | 2011 | 21748838 |
| biological detoxification of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and its use in genetically engineered crops and feed additives. | deoxynivalenol (don) is the major mycotoxin produced by fusarium fungi in grains. food and feed contaminated with don pose a health risk to humans and livestock. the risk can be reduced by enzymatic detoxification. complete mineralization of don by microbial cultures has rarely been observed and the activities turned out to be unstable. the detoxification of don by reactions targeting its epoxide group or hydroxyl on carbon 3 is more feasible. microbial strains that de-epoxidize don under anaero ... | 2011 | 21691789 |
| sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol-producing toxigenic fusarium graminearum chemotypes. | fusarium spp. are economically important crop pathogens and causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) of cereals worldwide. of the fhb pathogens, fusarium graminearum 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-adon) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon) are the most aggressive mycotoxigenic chemotypes, threatening food and feed quality as well as animal and human health. the objective of the study was to evaluate host specificity and fungal-fungal interactions of sphaerodes mycoparasitica- a recently described ... | 2011 | 21204935 |
| immunoprotective effect of seabuckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides) and glucomannan on t-2 toxin-induced immunodepression in poultry. | the present investigation was undertaken to study the immunoprotective effect of seabuckthorn berries and glucomannan against t-2 toxin-induced immunodepression in 15-day-old chicks. t-2 toxin was produced in the laboratory by growing fusarium sporotrichioides mtcc 2081 on wheat. t-2 toxin was fed to birds at 1 ppm level of the diet. the powdered seabuckthorn berries were added at 400 and 800 ppm levels, and glucomannan added at 1 g/kg of feed. all the treatments were continued up to 28 days. th ... | 2010 | 21151701 |
| phylogenetic relationships of fusarium poae based on ef-1 alpha and mtssu sequences. | a molecular phylogenetic analysis of fusarium poae isolates from south america (argentina) and europe (mainly england, germany, italy) was performed using 98 f. poae, four fusarium culmorum, two fusarium sporotrichioides and one fusarium langsethiae isolates. phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear (translation elongation factor 1-alpha, ef-1 alpha) and mitochondrial (mitochondrial small subunit rdna, mtssu) sequences. partitioned (each dataset separately) and combined (ef-1 alpha+mts ... | 2010 | 20965066 |
| chronic ulcerative dermatitis caused by fusarium sporotrichioides. | the present study describes the isolation of fusarium sporotrichioides from a canine cutaneous ulceration. a 2-year-old male beagle dog weighing 8.6 kg, with a history of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (imha), had been treated with prednisone for 9 months. physical examination revealed cutaneous ulceration on the left foreleg. histopathological examination of skin samples from the ulcerative area revealed many branching hyphae surrounding neutrophils. since itraconazole (itz) is recommended fo ... | 2010 | 20964490 |
| selection and characteristics of a switchgrass-colonizing microbial community to produce extracellular cellulases and xylanases. | a microbial community was selected for growth on dried and naoh-treated switchgrass. during a 14-day liquid cultivation, a 70% loss in dry weight was observed during the first 4 days and after 14 days, the hemicellulose and cellulose in the system were degraded by 73.5% and 67.3%, respectively. the carboxymethyl cellulase (cmcase) and xylanase levels reached 0.21 and 3.75 iu, respectively. the optimal ph for cmcase and xylanase activities was 5 and 6, respectively. the optimal reaction temperatu ... | 2010 | 20933405 |
| aspergillus flavus colonization and aflatoxin b(1) formation in barley grain during interaction with other fungi. | colonization of barley grain by aspergillus flavus and formation of aflatoxin b(1) in the presence of penicillium verrucosum, fusarium sporotrichioides, and hyphopichia burtonii were studied over a three-week period in all combinations of 20 or 30 °c and 0.97, 0.95 or 0.90 a(w). grain colonization was assessed initially by observing hyphal extension on the grain surface, using scanning electron microscopy, and then from the proportion of seeds infected and numbers of colony forming units (cfu) f ... | 1996 | 20882457 |
| antifungal effects of the bioactive compounds enniatins a, a(1), b, b(1). | to produce enniatin (ens), fusarium tricinctum cect 20150 was grown in a liquid medium of potato (pdb), being mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water using gradient condition. the purity of the ens fractions was verified by analytical hplc and lc/ms-ms. the pure fractions of ens were utilized to study the biological activity on several mycotoxigenic moulds as fusarium verticilloides ... | 2010 | 20417654 |
| glucose influence on the production of t-2 toxin by fusarium sporotrichioides. | toxigenic isolate of fusarium sporotrichioides was tested for the t-2 toxin production on pda plates during 10 days under various glucose concentrations. t-2 toxin was determined by lc-ms and confirmed with lc-ms/ms. this analytical method has been applied, for the first time, to an extensive study of t-2 accumulation. results showed that the production of this mycotoxin is directly correlated to the concentration of glucose present in the medium. concentrations of t-2 toxin produced by the stra ... | 2010 | 20080119 |
| fungal diversity in composting process of pig manure and mushroom cultural waste based on partial sequence of large subunit rrna. | fungal diversity during composting was investigated by culture-independent rdna sequence analysis. composting was carried out with pig manure and mushroom cultural waste using a field-scale composter (hazaka system), and samples were collected at various stages. based on partial sequence analysis of large subunit (lsu) ribosomal rna (rrna) and sequence identity values, a total of 12 different fungal species were found at six sampling sites; geotrichum sp., debaryomyces hansenii, monographella ni ... | 2009 | 19734710 |
| structural and functional characterization of tri3 trichothecene 15-o-acetyltransferase from fusarium sporotrichioides. | fusarium head blight is a devastating disease of cereal crops whose worldwide incidence is increasing and at present there is no satisfactory way of combating this pathogen or its associated toxins. there is a wide variety of trichothecene mycotoxins and they all contain a 12,13-epoxytrichothecene skeleton but differ in their substitutions. indeed, there is considerable variation in the toxin profile across the numerous fusarium species that has been ascribed to differences in the presence or ab ... | 2009 | 19319932 |
| effects of xanthotoxin treatment on trichothecene production in fusarium sporotrichioides. | there are 4 p450 oxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of t-2 toxin in fusarium sporotrichioides. exactly how these enzymes react to antimicrobial plant defense compounds is unknown. xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) is a phototoxic furanocoumarin that acts as a p450 oxygenase inhibitor. the current study shows that the addition of concentrations of 1.0 mmol/l or less of xanthotoxin to liquid cultures of f. sporotrichioides nrrl3299 can effectively block t-2 toxin production and cause an increas ... | 2008 | 19096457 |
| elicitors of plant defense responses from biocontrol strains of trichoderma viren. | abstract effective biocontrol strains of trichoderma virens can induce the production of defense-related compounds in the roots of cotton. ineffective strains do not induce these compounds to significant levels. this elicittation was found to be heat stable, insoluble in chloroform, passed through a 5k molecular weight cut-off (mwco) filter, but not a 3k mwco filter, and was sensitive to treatment by proteinase k. when the active material was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide ge ... | 2004 | 18943540 |
| use of headspace spme-gc-ms for the analysis of the volatiles produced by indoor molds grown on different substrates. | an automated headspace solid phase microextraction method followed by gc-ms analysis was used to evaluate and compare the in vitro production of microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) on malt extract agar, plasterboard and wallpaper. five fungal strains were isolated from the walls of water-damaged houses and identified. in addition, four other common molds were studied. in general, mvoc production was the highest on malt extract agar. on this synthetic medium, molds typically produced 2-m ... | 2008 | 18843388 |
| structural and mechanistic analysis of trichodiene synthase using site-directed mutagenesis: probing the catalytic function of tyrosine-295 and the asparagine-225/serine-229/glutamate-233-mg2+b motif. | trichodiene synthase from fusarium sporotrichioides contains two metal ion-binding motifs required for the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate: the "aspartate-rich" motif d(100)dxx(d/e) that coordinates to mg2+a and mg2+c, and the "nse/dte" motif n(225)dxxsxxxe that chelates mg2+b (boldface indicates metal ion ligands). here, we report steady-state kinetic parameters, product array analyses, and x-ray crystal structures of trichodiene synthase mutants in which the fungal nse motif is progressive ... | 2008 | 17996718 |
| structural and functional characterization of the tri101 trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase from fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum: kinetic insights to combating fusarium head blight. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a plant disease with serious economic and health impacts. it is caused by fungal species belonging to the genus fusarium and the mycotoxins they produce. although it has proved difficult to combat this disease, one strategy that has been examined is the introduction of an indigenous fungal protective gene into cereals such as wheat barley and rice. thus far the gene of choice has been tri101 whose gene product catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl co ... | 2008 | 17923480 |
| incidence and distribution of fusarium species associated with feeds and seeds from spain. | samples of seeds and feeds (corn-based and mixed) were collected during surveys in 1991-92 and 1992-93 from two regions of spain, one in northern spain where the annual rainfall is over 900 mm, and the other in southeastern spain where the annual rainfall is about 400 mm. the level of fusarium contamination was determined in the 657 samples analysed, and results were analysed statistically to assess the effects of type of sample and meteorological conditions on fusarium proliferation. the predom ... | 1998 | 17655403 |
| a microarray for monitoring the production of mycotoxins in food. | a microarray, which covers most of the known relevant mycotoxin biosynthesis genes, has been developed. the microarray carries oligonucleotides of the fumonisin, the aflatoxin, the ochratoxin, the trichothecene (type a and b) and the patulin biosynthesis pathways. for trichothecene producing fusaria the biosynthesis cluster of trichothecene producing fusarium sporotrichioides (type a) and of gibberrella zeae (type b, teleomorph of f. graminearum) have been spotted. the aflatoxin cluster carries ... | 2007 | 17512074 |
| fusarium tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis. | fusarium graminearum and fusarium sporotrichioides produce the trichothecene mycotoxins 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and t-2 toxin, respectively. in both species, disruption of the p450 monooxygenase-encoding gene, tri4, blocks production of the mycotoxins and leads to the accumulation of the trichothecene precursor trichodiene. to further characterize its function, the f. graminearum tri4 (fgtri4) was heterologously expressed in the trichothecene-nonproducing species fusarium verticillioides. transg ... | 2006 | 16917519 |
| expression of a fungal sesquiterpene cyclase gene in transgenic tobacco. | the complete coding sequence for the trichodiene synthase gene from fusarium sporotrichioides was introduced into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) under the regulation of the cauliflower mosiac virus 35s promoter. expression of trichodiene synthase was demonstrated in the leaves of transformed plants. leaf homogenates incubated with [(3)h]farnesyl pyrophosphate produced trichodiene as a major product. trichodiene was detected in the leaves of a transformed plant at a level of 5 to 10 nanograms per gr ... | 1991 | 16668409 |
| accumulation of trichothecenes in liquid cultures of a fusarium sporotrichioides mutant lacking a functional trichothecene c-15 hydroxylase. | a mutant strain of fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 produced by disruption of tri11, a gene encoding a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase, was shown to be altered in its ability to biosynthesize t-2 toxin. this mutant strain produced four trichothecenes that were not observed in cultures of the parent strain. the compounds were identified as isotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermin, 8-hydroxyisotrichodermol, and 3,4,8-trihydroxytricothecene on the basis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and ma ... | 1997 | 16535589 |
| regulation of trichodiene synthase in fusarium sporotrichioides and gibberella pulicaris (fusarium sambucinum). | the regulation of trichodiene synthase (ts) and its relationship to trichothecene biosynthesis was investigated in fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 and gibberella pulicaris r-6380. cultures were analyzed for the presence of ts activity, trichothecenes, and immunodetectable ts polypeptide over a time period of 144 h. enzyme activity increased from barely detectable to maximum levels over a period of 3 h for f. sporotrichioides, while in g. pulicaris, a steady increase was observed over 144 h. ... | 1989 | 16347944 |
| trichothecene biosynthesis in fusarium sporotrichioides: origin of the oxygen atoms of t-2 toxin. | mass spectral analysis of t-2 toxin formed during the growth of fusarium sporotrichioides (atcc 24043) in the presence of h(2)o showed incorporation of up to three o atoms per toxin molecule. the carbonyl oxygens of the acetates at c-4 and c-15 and of the isovalerate at c-8 were derived from h(2)o. toxin formed in the presence of o molecular oxygen incorporated up to six o atoms per toxin molecule. the overall incorporation was 78 and 92% of toxin molecules labeled for h(2)o and o(2) labeled sam ... | 1986 | 16347010 |
| isolation and characterization of two new trichothecenes from fusarium sporotrichioides strain m-1-1. | [this corrects the article on p. 542 in vol. 42.]. | 1982 | 16345982 |
| pcr detection assays for the trichothecene-producing species fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium poae, fusarium equiseti and fusarium sporotrichioides. | contamination of small-grain cereals with the fungal species fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum, f. poae, f. sporotrichioides and f. equiseti is an important source of trichothecenes, zearalenone and other mycotoxins which cause serious diseases in human and animals. additionally, these species contribute to fusarium head blight, a disease which produces important losses in cereal yield. early detection and control of these fusarium species is crucial to prevent toxins entering the food chain and ... | 2005 | 16104354 |
| species-specific pcr-based assays for the detection of fusarium species and a comparison with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis. | species-specific pcr was used for the identification of nine fusarium species in pure mycelial culture. a pcr-based method was compared with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis for three toxin-producing fusarium species using 85 grain samples of wheat, barley, oat, corn and rye. a simple sds-based dna extraction system followed by potassium acetate precipitation resulted in consistent pcr amplification of dna fragments from cultures and grain samples. the species-specific ... | 2005 | 16099312 |
| an oligonucleotide microarray for the identification and differentiation of trichothecene producing and non-producing fusarium species occurring on cereal grain. | cereal grain may be infected with a number of fusarium species some of which are producers of highly toxic compounds such as the trichothecenes. correct identification of these species is essential for risk assessment of cereal grain for human or animal consumption. most of the available methods for identification are either time consuming or aimed at only one or a few target species. microarray technology offers parallel analysis of a high number of dna targets. in this study 57 capture oligonu ... | 2005 | 15823394 |
| development of pcr assay based on its2 rdna polymorphism for the detection and differentiation of fusarium sporotrichioides. | a polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for detection of fusarium sporotrichioides, a plant pathogen in many parts of the world. based on small nucleotide differences in its2 (internal transcribed spacer) rdna of our local isolate of f. sporotrichioides (accession no. ay510069) and other isolates found in ncbi/genebank database, species specific primer fspits2k was selected. primer pair fspits2k and p28sl amplified a fragment of 288 bp containing a portion of its2 and 28s rdna of all the ... | 2004 | 15451117 |
| an integrated taxonomic study of fusarium langsethiae, fusarium poae and fusarium sporotrichioides based on the use of composite datasets. | an integrated systematic study was carried out to clarify the taxonomical position and relationship of fusarium langsethiae to other taxa within the fusarium section sporotrichiella. strains of this species were compared with strains of the closely related species fusarium poae and fusarium sporotrichioides using a composite dataset. this set consisted of dna sequences derived from the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) regions, partial sequences of the ribosomal intergenic spacer (igs) ... | 2004 | 15337598 |
| specific detection of fusarium langsethiae and related species by dgge and arms-pcr of a beta-tubulin (tub1) gene fragment. | fusarium langsethiae was recently described as a new toxigenic fusarium species, which morphologically resembles fusarium poae, but exhibits a mycotoxin pattern related to fusarium sporotrichioides. to develop tools for early and specific detection of f. langsethiae and distinguishing it from related species of section sporotrichiella and discolor (f. poae, f. sporotrichioides, fusarium kyushuense, fusarium robustum, fusarium sambucinum and fusarium tumidum) sequence variations in their beta-tub ... | 2004 | 15337597 |
| igs-rflp analysis and development of molecular markers for identification of fusarium poae, fusarium langsethiae, fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium kyushuense. | the intergenic spacer (igs) regions of the rdna of several fusarium spp. strains obtained from the collaborative researchers (int. j. food microbiol. (2003)) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and an igs-rflp analysis was performed. restriction digestion with alui, mspi and psti allowed differentiation between the related fusarium poae and fusarium kyushuense species. fusarium langsethiae was also separated from fusarium sporotrichioides (including var. minus) on the basis of the ... | 2004 | 15337596 |
| the use of tri5 gene sequences for pcr detection and taxonomy of trichothecene-producing species in the fusarium section sporotrichiella. | purified dna from isolates of fusarium poae, fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium kyushuense and fusarium langsethiae was used as a template to amplify a 658-bp fragment from the trichodiene synthase (tri5) gene of these fungi with the gene-specific pcr primer pair tox5-1/tox5-2. fragments obtained were isolated and sequenced. dna sequence alignments revealed high similarity between the sequences derived from f. sporotrichioides and f. langsethiae (98.7%) and less similarity between the latter sp ... | 2004 | 15337595 |
| aflp analysis of fusarium species in the section sporotrichiella-evidence for fusarium langsethiae as a new species. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was applied to compare 100 isolates of fusarium poae, fusarium sporotrichioides, and fusarium langsethiae. comparison of fingerprints revealed several markers specific for each group of isolates. cluster analysis showed a clear separation of f. poae from f. sporotrichioides and f. langsethiae. f. langsethiae isolates formed a rather homogeneous group separated from f. sporotrichioides. the aflp data obtained support f. langsethiae as a new fusarium s ... | 2004 | 15337594 |
| phylogenetic analyses of the fusarium poae, fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium langsethiae species complex based on partial sequences of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene. | phylogenetic relationships between four fusarium species were studied using parts of the nuclear translation elongation factor-1 alpha (ef-1alpha) gene as a phylogenetic marker. sequences from 12 isolates of fusarium poae, 10 isolates of fusarium sporotrichioides and 12 isolates of fusarium langsethiae yielded 4, 5 and 5 haplotypes, respectively. in addition, we included one isolate of fusarium kyushuense. the aligned sequences were subjected to neighbor-joining (nj), maximum parsimony and maxim ... | 2004 | 15337593 |
| phylogenetic relationship of fusarium langsethiae to fusarium poae and fusarium sporotrichioides as inferred by igs, its, beta-tubulin sequences and up-pcr hybridization analysis. | fusarium langsethiae was recently described to accommodate "powdery" isolates of fusarium poae, which morphologically resemble f. poae, but whose metabolite profile is similar to that of fusarium sporotrichioides. in order to investigate the phylogenetic relationship of f. langsethiae to closely related species, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions 1 and 2 and part of the intergenic spacer (igs) region of the rdna cluster and part of the beta-tubulin gene from 109 strains o ... | 2004 | 15337592 |
| diversity in metabolite production by fusarium langsethiae, fusarium poae, and fusarium sporotrichioides. | the production of mycotoxins and other metabolites by 109 strains of fusarium langsethiae, fusarium poae, fusarium sporotrichioides, and f. kyushuense was investigated independently in four laboratories by liquid or gas chromatography analyses of cultural extracts with uv diode array, electron capture, or mass spectrometric detection systems. from the compiled results, it was found that f. langsethiae consistently produced the trichothecenes diacetoxyscirpenol (das), t-2 toxin (t-2), ht-2 toxin ... | 2004 | 15337591 |
| development of pcr assays for the detection and differentiation of fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium langsethiae. | isolates of the type-a trichothecene producing fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium langsethiae were grouped and differentiated in a phylogenetic tree using its sequence dissimilarity. an attempt was made to develop a pcr-based assay for the detection and differentiation of fusarium sporotrichiodes from other fusarium species using the 5'-region of the tri5 gene as a template. however, this assay was unable to differentiate, to a satisfactory level, between isolates of fusarium sporotrichioide ... | 2004 | 15043871 |
| functional demarcation of the fusarium core trichothecene gene cluster. | many fusarium species produce toxic sesquiterpenoids known as trichothecenes, including deoxynivalenol and nivalenol by fusarium graminearum and t-2 toxin by fusarium sporotrichioides. these toxins are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis and are a significant agricultural problem due to their adverse affect on human, animal, and plant health. previously, 10-12 co-regulated orthologous genes within a 26-kb region were identified in f. graminearum and f. sporotrichioides, respectively. a majori ... | 2004 | 14998528 |
| use of headspace solid-phase microextraction and headspace sorptive extraction for the detection of the volatile metabolites produced by toxigenic fusarium species. | an efficient methodology was developed to determine the growth of toxigenic fusarium spp., based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (spme) and stir bar sorptive extraction of the fungal volatile metabolites produced. spme and headspace sorptive extraction (hsse) were used to monitor the de novo production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, such as trichodiene, a volatile marker and intermediate in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. on growth media such as malt extract agar and potato dextrose ... | 2004 | 14971496 |
| characterization of a fusarium 2-gene cluster involved in trichothecene c-8 modification. | the fusarium trichothecenes t-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (don) are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis and are a significant agricultural problem. three coregulated loci are required for t-2 toxin synthesis by fusarium sporotrichioides. the core-trichothecene gene cluster consists of 12 genes (tri3-tri14) while the second locus consists of a single gene (tri101). the third locus was recently partially described and encodes 1-2 biosynthetic enzymes and a putative regulatory gene. he ... | 2003 | 14690377 |
| expression of tri15 in fusarium sporotrichioides. | in the fungus fusarium sporotrichioides, biosynthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins requires at least three genetic loci: a core 12-gene cluster, a smaller two-gene cluster, and a single-gene locus. here, we describe the tri15 gene, which represents a fourth locus involved in trichothecene biosynthesis. tri15 is predicted to encode a cys(2)-his(2 )zinc finger protein and is expressed in a manner similar to genes in the core trichothecene gene cluster. however, disruption of f. sporotrichioides tri ... | 2004 | 14624310 |
| tri16 is required for esterification of position c-8 during trichothecene mycotoxin production by fusarium sporotrichioides. | we previously characterized tri1, a gene required for hydroxylation of the c-8 position during trichothecene mycotoxin biosynthesis in fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299. sequence analysis of the region surrounding tri1 revealed a gene, named tri16, which could encode an acyltransferase. unlike the wild-type parent strain nrrl 3299, which accumulates primarily t-2 toxin along with low levels of diacetoxyscirpenol (das) and neosolaniol (neo) and trace amounts of 8-propionyl-neosolaniol (p-neo) a ... | 2003 | 14532047 |
| identification of new genes positively regulated by tri10 and a regulatory network for trichothecene mycotoxin production. | tri10, a regulatory gene in trichothecene mycotoxin-producing fusarium species, is required for trichothecene biosynthesis and the coordinated expression of four trichothecene pathway-specific genes (tri4, tri5, tri6, and tri101) and the isoprenoid biosynthetic gene for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (fpps). we showed that six more trichothecene genes (tri3, tri7, tri8, tri9, tri11, and tri12) are regulated by tri10. we also constructed a cdna library from a strain of fusarium sporotrichioide ... | 2003 | 12732543 |
| tri1 encodes the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase for c-8 hydroxylation during trichothecene biosynthesis in fusarium sporotrichioides and resides upstream of another new tri gene. | many fusarium species produce one or more agriculturally important trichothecene mycotoxins, and the relative level of toxicity of these compounds is determined by the pattern of oxygenations and acetylations or esterifications on the core trichothecene structure. previous studies with uv-induced fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 trichothecene mutants defined the tri1 gene and demonstrated that it was required for addition of the oxygen at the c-8 position during trichothecene biosynthesis. we ... | 2003 | 12620849 |
| broad and complex antifungal activity among environmental isolates of lactic acid bacteria. | more than 1200 isolates of lactic acid bacteria isolated from different environments were screened for antifungal activity in a dual-culture agar plate assay. approximately 10% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity and 4% showed strong activity against the indicator mould aspergillus fumigatus. the antifungal spectra for 37 isolates with strong activity and five isolates with low or no activity were determined. several of the strains showed strong inhibitory activity against the moulds a. f ... | 2003 | 12594034 |
| engineering deoxynivalenol metabolism in wheat through the expression of a fungal trichothecene acetyltransferase gene. | fusarium head blight occurs in cereals throughout the world and is especially important in humid growing regions. fusarium head blight (fhb) has re-emerged as a major disease of wheat and barley in the u.s. and canada since 1993. the primary causal agents of fhb, fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, can produce deoxynivalenol (don), a trichothecene mycotoxin that enhances disease severity and poses a health hazard to humans and monogastric animals. to reduce the effects of don on wheat, w ... | 2002 | 12582873 |
| the identification of the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene ayt1(orf-yll063c) encoding an acetyltransferase. | the recent isolation and characterization of tri101 in fusarium sporotrichioides has led to the functional identification of the yeast open reading frame (orf) yll063c, located on chromosome xii of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the sequence of yll063c predicts a protein of 474 residues that has 45% identity and 70% similarity to fstri101. fstri101 encodes a trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase that functions in trichothecene biosynthesis. feeding studies indicated low levels of c3-oh acetylation in c ... | 2002 | 12478589 |
| characterization of novel sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis in tobacco expressing a fungal sesquiterpene synthase. | the gene encoding trichodiene synthase (tri5), a sesquiterpene synthase from the fungus fusarium sporotrichioides, was used to transform tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). trichodiene was the sole sesquiterpene synthase product in enzyme reaction mixtures derived from unelicited transformant cell-suspension cultures, and both trichodiene and 5-epi-aristolochene were observed as reaction products following elicitor treatment. immunoblot analysis of protein extracts revealed the presence of trichodiene ... | 1996 | 12226394 |
| lactobacillus plantarum milab 393 produces the antifungal cyclic dipeptides cyclo(l-phe-l-pro) and cyclo(l-phe-trans-4-oh-l-pro) and 3-phenyllactic acid. | we have isolated a lactobacillus plantarum strain (milab 393) from grass silage that produces broad-spectrum antifungal compounds, active against food- and feed-borne filamentous fungi and yeasts in a dual-culture agar plate assay. fusarium sporotrichioides and aspergillus fumigatus were the most sensitive among the molds, and kluyveromyces marxianus was the most sensitive yeast species. no inhibitory activity could be detected against the mold penicillium roqueforti or the yeast zygosaccharomyc ... | 2002 | 12200282 |
| inactivation of a cytochrome p-450 is a determinant of trichothecene diversity in fusarium species. | species of the genus fusarium produce a great diversity of agriculturally important trichothecene toxins that differ from each other in their pattern of oxygenation and esterification. t-2 toxin, produced by fusarium sporotrichioides, and nivalenol (niv), produced by some strains of f. graminearum, contain an oxygen at the c-4 position. deoxynivalenol (don), produced by other strains of f. graminearum, lacks a c-4 oxygen. niv and don are identical except for this difference, whereas t-2 differs ... | 2002 | 12135578 |
| fusarium tri8 encodes a trichothecene c-3 esterase. | mutant strains of fusarium graminearum z3639 produced by disruption of tri8 were altered in their ability to biosynthesize 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and instead accumulated 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol, 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin, and calonectrin. fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl3299 tri8 mutant strains accumulated 3-acetyl t-2 toxin, 3-acetyl neosolaniol, and 3,4,15-triacetoxyscirpenol rather than t-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. the accumulation of these c-3-acetylated compounds s ... | 2002 | 12039755 |
| tri13 and tri7 determine deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing chemotypes of gibberella zeae. | gibberella zeae, a major cause of cereal scab, can be divided into two chemotypes based on production of the 8-ketotrichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv). we cloned and sequenced a tri13 homolog from each chemotype. the tri13 from a niv chemotype strain (88-1) is located in the trichothecene gene cluster and carries an open reading frame similar to that of fusarium sporotrichioides, whereas the tri13 from a don chemotype strain (h-11) carries several mutations. to confirm the ro ... | 2002 | 11976083 |
| accumulation of type a trichothecenes in maize, wheat and rice by fusarium sporotrichioides isolates under diverse culture conditions. | toxigenic isolates of fusarium sporotrichioides were tested for the production of type a trichothecenes (t-2 toxin, ht-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol) when grown on three substrates (maize, rice and wheat) under various conditions of temperature and water activity in the laboratory for 3 weeks. trichothecenes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, after derivatisation with coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride. this is the first time this analy ... | 2002 | 11843402 |
| partial amino acid sequences of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases offusarium sporotrichioides. | peptidyl-proprylyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) activity was observed from crude extract of fusarium sporotrichioides. proteins from this fungi were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and more than one thousand protein spots were separated. two cytosolic ppiases were found by the n-terminal sequencing from the two separated spots. the n-terminal 41 residues of the major protein spot showed high sequence identity (63.4%) with ppiase from neurospora crassa. this protei ... | 1995 | 11725072 |
| resolution of fusarium sporotrichioides proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identification by sequence homology comparison in protein data base. | proteins from fusarium sporotrichioides m-1-1, a t2-toxin-producing strain, were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. one thousand two hundred and forty-four protein spots were resolved and 103 protein spots were subjected to n-terminal sequencing. fifty-eight protein spots were sequenced and 48 proteins were observed to have blocked n termini. forty out of 58 sequenced proteins were identified by homology search against the pir protein sequence data base and protein ... | 1995 | 11725071 |
| structure of trichodiene synthase from fusarium sporotrichioides provides mechanistic inferences on the terpene cyclization cascade. | the x-ray crystal structure of recombinant trichodiene synthase from fusarium sporotrichioides has been determined to 2.5-a resolution, both unliganded and complexed with inorganic pyrophosphate. this reaction product coordinates to three mg(2+) ions near the mouth of the active site cleft. a comparison of the liganded and unliganded structures reveals a ligand-induced conformational change that closes the mouth of the active site cleft. binding of the substrate farnesyl diphosphate similarly ma ... | 2001 | 11698643 |
| a novel regulatory gene, tri10, controls trichothecene toxin production and gene expression. | we report here the characterization of tri10, a novel regulatory gene within the trichothecene gene cluster. comparison of tri10 genomic and mrna sequences revealed that removal of a single 77-bp intron provided a 1,260-bp open reading frame, encoding a 420-amino-acid protein. disruption of tri10 in fusarium sporotrichioides abolished t-2 toxin production and dramatically decreased the transcript accumulation for four trichothecene genes (tri4, tri5, tri6, and tri101) and an apparent farnesyl py ... | 2001 | 11679358 |
| identification of deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing chemotypes of gibberella zeae by using pcr. | gibberella zeae, a major cause of cereal scab, may be divided into two chemotypes based on production of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv). we cloned and sequenced the gene cluster for trichothecene biosynthesis from each chemotype. g. zeae h-11 is a don producer isolated from corn, and g. zeae 88-1 is a niv producer from barley. we sequenced a 23-kb gene cluster from h-11 and a 26-kb cluster from 88-1, along with the unlinked tri101 genes. each gene cluster contained 1 ... | 2001 | 11425709 |
| a genetic and biochemical approach to study trichothecene diversity in fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum. | the trichothecenes t-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (don) are natural fungal products that are toxic to both animals and plants. their importance in the pathogenicity of fusarium spp. on crop plants has inspired efforts to understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms leading to trichothecene synthesis. in order to better understand t-2 toxin biosynthesis by fusarium sporotrichioides and don biosynthesis by f. graminearum, we compared the nucleotide sequence of the 23-kb core trichothecene gene ... | 2001 | 11352533 |
| g-protein signalling mediates differential production of toxic secondary metabolites. | filamentous fungi elaborate a complex array of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and mycotoxins. as many of these compounds pose significant economic and health concerns, elucidation of the underlying cellular mechanisms that control their production is essential. previous work revealed that synthesis of the carcinogenic mycotoxins sterigmatocystin (st) and aflatoxin (af) in aspergillus species is negatively controlled by fada, the alpha-subunit of a heterotrimeric g-protein. in sharp ... | 2000 | 11069688 |
| transgenic expression of the tri101 or pdr5 gene increases resistance of tobacco to the phytotoxic effects of the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. | mycotoxins are fungal secondary compounds that are toxic to vertebrates. their presence in food and feeds, as the result of fungal disease in crops, can present a danger to animal or human health. many mycotoxins have also been shown to be phytotoxic and in some cases, such as with trichothecenes produced by the wheat head blight fungus fusarium graminearum, mycotoxins may act as virulence factors. antibiotic-producing organisms, including fungi, protect themselves from their own toxins by metab ... | 2000 | 10960733 |
| altered regulation of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol production in fusarium graminearum. | most fusarium graminearum isolates produce low or undetectable levels of trichothecenes in liquid shake cultures, making it difficult to perform biochemical studies of trichothecene biosynthesis. to develop strains with higher levels of trichothecene production under liquid shake conditions we transformed f. graminearum with both a reporter gene containing a homologous trichothecene pathway gene promoter (tri5) and a gene encoding a heterologous trichothecene pathway transcription factor (tri6). ... | 2000 | 10788382 |
| determination of type a trichothecenes by high-performance liquid chromatography with coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride derivatisation and fluorescence detection. | a method for the analysis of type a trichothecenes t-2 toxin, ht-2 toxin, neosolaniol and diacetoxyscirpenol by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride has been developed. different parameters concerning the analytical procedure such as stability of both the reagent and derivatised analytes, time and temperature of the derivatisation reaction, were studied and optimised. three different clean-up procedures (solid-phase extraction with ... | 2000 | 10722105 |
| the trichothecene biosynthesis regulatory gene from the type b producer fusarium strains: sequence of tri6 and its expression in escherichia coli. | a genomic dna fragment containing tri6, a transcription activator gene of trichothecene biosynthesis, was cloned by vectorette pcr from fusarium graminearum f15, which produces type b trichothecene, deoxynivalenol. the nucleotide sequence of the gene showed 84% of identity to that of the type a trichothecene producer fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299, but the sequence around the initiation codon was not highly conserved between these producers. based on the upstream and downstream sequences of ... | 1999 | 10635566 |
| disruption of tri101, the gene encoding trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase, from fusarium sporotrichioides. | we screened a fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 cdna expression library in a toxin-sensitive saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking a functional pdr5 gene. fourteen yeast transformants were identified as resistant to the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, and each carried a cdna encoding the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase that is the f. sporotrichioides homolog of the fusarium graminearum tri101 gene. mutants of f. sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 produced by disruption of tri101 were alte ... | 1999 | 10583973 |
| tri12, a trichothecene efflux pump from fusarium sporotrichioides: gene isolation and expression in yeast. | many of the genes involved in trichothecene toxin biosynthesis in fusarium sporotrichioides are present within a gene cluster. here we report the complete sequence for tri12, a gene encoding a trichothecene efflux pump that is located within the trichothecene gene cluster of f. sporotrichioides. tri12 encodes a putative polypeptide of 598 residues with sequence similarities to members of the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) and is predicted to contain 14 transmembrane-spanning segments. disru ... | 1999 | 10485289 |
| characterization of a transcriptional activator controlling trichothecene toxin biosynthesis. | trichothecene biosynthetic pathway genes are localized within a gene cluster in fusarium sporotrichioides and require the zinc-finger containing protein, tri6, for expression. we show here that tri6 is able to bind within the promoter regions of nine different pathway genes and that tri6 binding is involved in pathway gene activation. tri6 binding occurs at three distinct sites in the tri5 promoter, all of which contain the sequence tnaggcct. dna fragments from the promoter regions of six other ... | 1999 | 10361036 |
| the mystery of the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene. analysis of the region around tri101 and characterization of its homologue from fusarium sporotrichioides. | the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene, tri101, plays a pivotal role for the well-being of the type b trichothecene producer fusarium graminearum. we have analyzed the cosmids containing tri101 and found that this resistance gene is not in the biosynthetic gene cluster reported so far. it was located between the utp-ammonia ligase gene and the phosphate permease gene which are not related to trichothecene biosynthesis. these two 'house-keeping' genes were also linked in fusarium species th ... | 1998 | 9762900 |
| characterization of the gene cluster for biosynthesis of macrocyclic trichothecenes in myrothecium roridum. | macrocyclic trichothecenes are toxic sesquiterpenoids that are produced by certain fungi and plants. the unique structural features of macrocyclic trichothecenes result in increased toxicity relative to other trichothecene structural types. here we report the sequences and relative locations of the mrtri5, mrtri6, and mrtri4 genes in the biosynthetic pathway for macrocyclic trichothecenes in myrothecium roridum. the deduced sequences of the products of mrtri5 and mrtri4 display overall identitie ... | 1998 | 9529523 |
| the characterization of chicken antibodies raised against fusarium spp. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. | immunoassays for the detection of three fusarium species have been developed. chickens were immunized with the soluble antigens from within the mycelia (mycelia-soluble antigens) and the exoantigens of fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium poae and fusarium graminearum and the antigens were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the cross-reactivities of antisera with eleven species of fusari ... | 1997 | 9506284 |
| the tri11 gene of fusarium sporotrichioides encodes a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase required for c-15 hydroxylation in trichothecene biosynthesis. | several genes in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway of fusarium sporotrichioides have been shown to reside in a gene cluster. sequence analysis of a cloned dna fragment located 3.8 kb downstream from tri5 has led to the identification of the tri11 gene. the nucleotide sequence of tri11 predicts a polypeptide of 492 residues (mr = 55,579) with significant similarity to members of the cytochrome p-450 superfamily. tri11 is most similar to several fungal cytochromes p-450 (23 to 27% identity) b ... | 1998 | 9435078 |