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site-directed mutagenesis of gh10 xylanase a from penicillium canescens for determining factors affecting the enzyme thermostability.in order to investigate factors affecting the thermostability of gh10 xylanase a from penicillium canescens (pcxyla) and to obtain its more stable variant, the wild-type (wt) enzyme and its mutant forms, carrying single amino acid substitutions, were cloned and expressed in penicillium verruculosum b1-537 (niad-) auxotrophic strain under the control of the cbh1 gene promoter. the recombinant pcxyla-wt and i6v, i6l, l18f, n77d, y125r, h191r, s246p, a293p mutants were successfully expressed and pu ...201728634062
antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from olive tree leaves.in this study, the antimicrobial potential of three fungal endophytes from leaves of olea europaea l. was evaluated and the host plant extract effect in the antimicrobial activity was examined. the volatile compounds produced by endophytes were identified by gc/ms and further correlated with the antimicrobial activity. in potato dextrose agar, both penicillium commune and penicillium canescens were the most effective inhibiting gram-positive and -negative bacteria (up to 2.7-fold compared to 30  ...201728168624
automated detection of natural halogenated compounds from lc-ms profiles-application to the isolation of bioactive chlorinated compounds from marine-derived fungi.a collection of culture extracts obtained from several marine-derived fungal strains collected on the french atlantic coast was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (hplc-hrms) in order to prospect for halogenated compounds and to identify potentially new ones. to achieve a fast, automated, and efficient data analysis, a bioinformatics tool named mehalocoa (marine halogenated compound analysis) was developed and included into r. after extractio ...201627537349
deacetylation biocatalysis and elicitation by immobilized penicillium canescens in astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures: towards the enhanced and sustainable production of astragaloside iv.a novel biotechnology approach by combining deacetylation biocatalysis with elicitation of immobilized penicillium canescens (ipc) in astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures (amhrcs) was proposed for the elevated production of astragaloside iv (ag iv). the highest ag iv accumulation was achieved in 36-day-old amhrcs co-cultured with ipc for 60 h, which resulted in the enhanced production of ag iv by 14.59-fold in comparison with that in control (0.193 ± 0.007 mg/g dw). meanwhile, ag iv precu ...201727518481
impact of poplar-based phytomanagement on soil properties and microbial communities in a metal-contaminated site.despite a long history of use in phytomanagement strategies, the impacts of poplar trees on the structure and function of microbial communities that live in the soil remain largely unknown. the current study combined fungal and bacterial community analyses from different management regimes using illumina-based sequencing with soil analysis. the poplar phytomanagement regimes led to a significant increase in soil fertility and a decreased bioavailability of zn and cd, in concert with changes in t ...201627481257
effect of n-linked glycosylation on the activity and other properties of recombinant endoglucanase iia (cel5a) from penicillium verruculosum.endoglucanase iia from penicillium verruculosum (pvcel5a) has three potential n-glycosylation sites: asn19, asn42 and asn194. in order to study the role of n-glycosylation, the wild type (wt) pvcel5a and its mutant forms, carrying asn to ala substitutions, were cloned into penicillium canescens all forms of the rpvcel5a were successfully expressed and purified for characterization. the maldi-tof mass spectrometry peptide fingerprinting showed that n-glycans linked to asn42 and asn194 represent v ...201627440076
[a new enzyme preparation with high penicillopepsin activity based on the producer strain penicillium canescens].the producer of fungal penicillopepsin, an aspartate protease, has been created by genetic engineering. the biochemical and physicochemical properties of the penicillopepsin enzyme preparation obtained from the culture liquid of the producer were studied. properties of the new enzyme preparation and the commercially available aspergillopepsin were compared. their proteolytic activities were found to be 670-680 u/g of the preparation. the soluble protein yield upon the wheat flour hydrolysis with ...201626859960
[novel enzyme preparations with high pectinase and hemicellulase activity based on penicillium canescens strains].recombinant strains of penicillium canescens producing homologous pectin lyase a and heterologous endo- 1,5-α-arabinase a and endo- 1,4-α-polygalacturonase, as well as enzymes of the host strain (α-l-arabinofuranosidases, xylanases, and others), were obtained by genetic engineering. the enzyme preparations (eps) obtained from the cultural medium of recombinant p. canescens strains efficiently hydrolyzed raw plant material with a high content of pectin compounds. it was shown that the yield of re ...201626596087
n-linked glycosylation of recombinant cellobiohydrolase i (cel7a) from penicillium verruculosum and its effect on the enzyme activity.cellobiohydrolase i from penicillium verruculosum (pvcel7a) has four potential n-glycosylation sites at its catalytic module: asn45, asn194, asn388, and asn430. in order to investigate how the n-glycosylation influences the activity and other properties of the enzyme, the wild type (wt) pvcel7a and its mutant forms, carrying asn to ala substitutions, were cloned into penicillium canescens pca10 (niad-) strain, a fungal host for production of heterologous proteins. the rpvcel7a-wt and n45a, n194a ...201626301455
role of glycosylation in secretion and stability of micromycetes α-galactosidase.the effect of the glycosylation inhibitors (tunicamycin and 2-deoxy-d-glucose) on the activity, stability and production of fungal glycosidases has been studied. it was shown that inhibition of n-glycosylation sites did not affect the secretion of aspergillus niger α-galactosidase, however reduced yield of cladosporium cladosporioides and penicillium canescens α-galactosidases. changes in the level of o-glycosylation resulted in a significant reduction in the activity and stability of α-galactos ...201525816603
glucoamylases from penicillium verruculosum and myceliophthora thermophila: analysis of differences in activity against polymeric substrates based on 3d model structures of the intact enzymes.two glucoamylases, a recombinant enzyme from penicillium verruculosum (pvgla) heterologously expressed in penicillium canescens rn3-11-7 (niad-) strain and a native glucoamylase from myceliophthora thermophila (mtgla), were purified and their properties were studied. mtgla displayed 2-5-fold higher specific activities against soluble starch, amylose and amylopectin than pvgla. mtgla also provided higher glucose yields in extended hydrolysis of the polymeric substrates. analysis of 3d model struc ...201525541341
homologous cloning, purification and characterization of highly active cellobiohydrolase i (cel7a) from penicillium canescens.penicillium canescens is a filamentous fungus that normally does not secrete notable levels of cellulase activity. cellobiohydrolase i of p. canescens (pccel7a) was homologously cloned into a host strain rn3-11-7 (niad-) and then expressed under the control of a strong xyla promoter. using three steps of chromatography, pccel7a was purified. the enzyme displayed maximum activity at ph 4.0-4.5. pccel7a was stable at 50°c and ph 4.5 at least for 3h, while at 60°c it lost 45% of activity after 30mi ...201425162433
a comparative study on galactoologosaccharide synthesis by selected beta-galactosidase preparations.the transgalactosilating ability of beta-galactosidase preparations obtained from kluyveromyces fragilis, penicillium canescens, and escherichia coli was investigated. in samples of hydrolysates of 20% lactose solutions without or with a 2% addition of glucose, the galactose or fructose obtained with the use of the investigated preparations and the content of saccharides was determined with the hplc method. under experimental conditions, the highest quantity (56.0-64.1%) of galactooligosaccharid ...200324757791
comparative study of biochemical properties of glucoamylases from the filamentous fungi penicillium and aspergillus.here we report the first isolation to homogeneous forms of two glucoamylases from the fungus penicillium verruculosum and their study in comparison with known glucoamylases from aspergillus awamori and aspergillus niger. genes that encode glucoamylases from p. verruculosum were cloned and expressed in the fungus penicillium canescens, and the recombinant glucoamylases were obtained with subsequent study of their molecular weights, isoelectric points, optimal temperature and ph values, and stabil ...201324237153
n-glycosylation patterns in two α-l-arabinofuranosidases from penicillium canescens belonging to the glycoside hydrolase families 51 and 54.using maldi-tof mass spectrometry (ms) peptide fingerprinting procedure followed by the analysis of ms data with the glycomod tool from the expasy proteomic site, n-glycosylation of two gh51 and gh54 family α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abf51a and abf54a) from penicillium canescens was studied. variable n-linked glycans were identified at five out of eight potential n-glycosylation sites in the abf51a and one out of three potential n-glycosylation sites in the abf54a. the discriminated glycans repre ...201324211368
purification, biochemical characterization, and structure of recombinant endo-1,4-β-xylanase xyle.the gene xyle encoding endo-1,4-β-xylanase from the 10th family of glycosyl hydrolases produced by the mycelial fungus penicillium canescens has been expressed under the control of the strong promoter of the bgas gene encoding β-galactosidase from p. canescens. as a result, a strain-producer of endoxylanase xyle was developed. the recombinant enzyme was isolated and purified to homogeneity with specific activity of 50 u/mg. the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the endoxylanase were ...201223157299
[extracellular beta-d-glucosidase of the penicillium canescens marine fungus].extracellular beta-d-glucosidase was isolated in a homogeneous state from the penicillium canescens marine fungus. according to sds-electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the enzyme was 64 kda and the maximal activity was observed at ph 5.2 and 70 degrees c. glucosidase catalyzed the hydrolysis of beta-glycosidic bonds both in glycosides and in glucose disaccharides and had transglycosylation activity. the enzyme can be used for the deglycosylation of natural glycosides and in enzymatic synthe ...201223035578
fungal rock phosphate solubilization using sugarcane bagasse.the effects of different doses of rock phosphate (rp), sucrose, and (nh(4))(2)so(4) on the solubilization of rp from araxá and catalão (brazil) by aspergillus niger, penicillium canescens, eupenicillium ludwigii, and penicillium islandicum were evaluated in a solid-state fermentation (ssf) system with sugarcane bagasse. the factors evaluated were combined following a 2(3) + 1 factorial design to determine their optimum concentrations. the fitted response surfaces showed that higher doses of rp p ...201322927013
isolation and properties of recombinant inulinases from aspergillus sp.the genes inua and inu1, encoding two inulinases (32nd glycosyl hydrolase family) from filamentous fungi aspergillus niger and a. awamori, were cloned into penicillium canescens recombinant strain. using chromatographic techniques, endoinulinase inua (56 kda, pi 3) and exoinulinase inu1 (60 kda, pi 4.3) were purified to homogeneity from the enzymatic complexes of p. canescens new transformants. the properties, such as substrate specificity, ph- and t-optima of activity, stability at different te ...201222813590
[production of enzyme preparations on the basis of penicillum canescens recombinant strains with a high ability for the hydrolysis of plant materials].an enzyme preparation has been produced on the basis of penicillium canescens strains with the activity of cellibiohydrolase i, ii; endo-1,4-beta-gluconase of penicillium verruculosum; and beta-glucosidase of aspergillus niger. it was shown that for the most effective hydrolysis of aspen wood pulp the optimal ratio of cellobiohydrolase and endo- 1,4-3-gluconase in enzyme preparations was 8 : 2 (by protein). it was also established that the homologous xylanase secreted by the penicillium canescen ...201222567887
[the mutational analysis of carbon catabolite repression in filamentous fungus penicillium canescens].penicillium canescens strain f178 is a natural producer of beta-galactosidase and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase. the transcription of genes bgas and xyla, coding for these proteins, is subject to carbon catabolite repression. the system for selective isolation of regulatory mutants in p. canescens is developed. two strains from the mutant collection are studied in details. it is shown that both mutations can be complement by crea gene of p. canescens, encoding global regulator of carbon catabolite repr ...201122393784
[Coordinative compounds of zinc with N-substituted thiocarbamoil-N'-pentamethylensulfenamides--activity modifiers of enzymes of proteolytic and glycolytic action].The influence of a number of coordinative compounds of zinc with N-substituted thiocarbamoil-N'-pentamethylensulfenamides on activity of elastase, alpha-L-rhamnosidase and alpha-galactosidases evidence for a possibility of their usage as stimulators or inhibitors of enzymes tested have been studied. It was shown that all the compounds in concentration of 0.1 and 0.01% inhibited by 90-100% Bacillus thuringiensis 27-88Els+ elastase activity. [Zn(L2)Br2], [Zn(L1)(NCS)2] and [Zn(L3)(NCS)2] at 20 h e ...201121888052
[creation of a heterologous gene expression system on the basis of aspergillus awamori recombinant strain].a heterologous gene expression system was created in a domestic aspergillus awamori co-6804 strain, which is a producer of the glucoamylase gene. vector pga was prepared using promoter and terminator areas of the glucoamylase gene, and a. niger phytase, trichoderma reesei endoglucanase, and penicillium canescens xylanase genes were then cloned into pga vector. separation of enzyme samples using fplc showed the amount of the recombinant proteins to be within the 0.6-14% range of total protein.201121790031
[multigene families of endo-(1-4)-beta-xylanases of penicillium canescens].four novel genes of the enzymes of the endoxylanase (ec 3.2.1.8) families found in the mycelial fungus penicillium canescens have been cloned. the xylb, xylc, and xyld genes encode endoxylanases of glycosyl hydrolase family 11; the xylegene, those of family 10. in the promoter region of the xylb, xylc, and xyld genes, the binding sequences for the protein activator of xylanolytic gene transcription have been found; the promoter region of the xylb gene contains the binding sequences for the catab ...201121516789
[thermal inactivation of alpha-galactosidase from penicillium canescens].the kinetics and mechanism of thermal inactivation of penicillium canescens alpha-galactosidase in the temperature range of 55-65 degrees c have been studied. the kinetic scheme of alpha-galactosidase thermal inactivation was proposed which included the reversible dissociation of active hexamers into associating monomers and irreversible denaturation of monomers. the kinetic constants of thermal inactivation have been determined. the effect of enzyme concentration and purification efficiency has ...201021328875
[distribution of o-glycosylases in marine fungi of the sea of japan and the sea of okhotsk: characterization of exocellular n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase of the marine fungus penicillium canescens].the capacity to produce exocellular enmzymes was studied for 92 samples of fungi from various marine habitats in the sea of okhotsk (78 strains) and the sea of japan (14 strains). strains producing highly active glycanases and glycosidases were found. synthesis of o-glycosylhydrolases was stimulated by addition of laminaran to the nutrient medium. highly purified n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase was isolated from the marine fungus penicillium canescens. the molecular weight of the enzyme determin ...201021261081
[isolation and identification of an endophytic fungus of polygonatum cyrtonema and its antifungal metabolites].endophytic fungi in medicinal plants produce a variety of bioactivity compounds. in this study, an endophytic fungus zjqy610 with antifungal activity was isolated from polygonatum cyrtonema in zhejiang qingyuan baishanzu mountain nature reserve.201020931871
[transcriptional regulator of carbon catabolite repression crea in filamentous fungus].penicillium canescens strain f178 is a natural producer of beta-galactosidase and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase. tanscription of genes bgas and xyla coding for these proteins is subject to carbon catabolite repression which proceed mainly in filamentous fungi by transcriptional repressor crea. crea gene of p. canescens was cloned. it was demonstrated that crea transcription is also subject to carbon catabolite repression. crea protein remains intranuclear independently of nature of carbon source and gl ...201020873228
[a heterologous production of the trametes hirsuta laccase in the fungus penicillium canescens].a heterologous protein expression in the fungus penicillium canescens is described for the first time. the fungal strains producing trametes hirsuta laccase under control of a highly efficient promoter of the p. canescens gene bgas has been constructed. these strains efficiently transcribe the t. hirsuta 072 laccase gene with a correct intron splicing. activity of the secreted heterologous laccase in the culture liquid reaches 3 u/ml, accounting for 98% of the total laccase activity, which demon ...201020586288
isolation and properties of xyloglucanases of penicillium sp.using chromatographic technique, xyloglucanase (xg) a (25 kda, pi 3.5, 12th glycosyl hydrolase family) was isolated from the enzyme complex secreted by the mycelial fungus penicillium canescens, and xyloglucanases xg 25 (25 kda, pi 4.1, 12th glycosyl hydrolase family) and xg 70 (70 kda, pi 3.5, 74th glycosyl hydrolase family) were isolated from the enzyme complex of penicillium verruculosum. properties of the isolated enzymes (substrate specificity, optimal ranges of ph and temperature for enzym ...201020331423
efficacy of different phytase preparations in broiler rations.three phytase preparations were added to broiler rations with considerably reduced levels of phosphorus. birds were allocated to a positive control group (i), a negative control group (ii) and three phytase-supplemented groups (iii--aspergillus niger phytase, iv--penicillium canescens phytase, v--pichia phytase). major components of starter and grower diets were wheat, corn and soybean meals. starter and grower diets (in meal form) contained 6.65 or 6.01 g of total p/kg and 3.98 or 3.68 g availa ...200919886262
regulatory activity of heterologous gene-activator xlnr of aspergillus niger in penicillium canescens.the gene encoding the xlnr xylanolytic activator of the heterologous fungus aspergillus niger was incorporated into the penicillium canescens genome. integration of the xlnr gene resulted in the increase in a number of activities, i.e. endoxylanase, beta-xylosidase, alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase, alpha-galactosidase, and feruloyl esterase, compared to the host p. canescens pca 10 strain, while beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, endoglucanase, and cmcase activities remained constant. two differe ...200919817688
an antifungal tetrapeptide from the culture of penicillium canescens.a new tetrapeptide d-phe-l-val-d-val-l-tyr (1), along with three known diketopiperazines and pseurotin a, were isolated from the culture of penicillium canescens, collected from pollen from beehives, in a screening for new antimicrobial products from unexplored sources. the structure of the tetrapeptide, which exhibits antifungal activity comparable with that of the commercial product benomyl against the soybean phytopathogen fusarium virguliforme, was determined by spectroscopic (2d-nmr, and ms ...200919697335
enzymological properties of endo-(1-4)-beta-glucanase eg12p of penicillium canescens and characteristics of structural gene egl2.gene egl2 of secreted endo-(1-4)-beta-glucanase of glycosyl hydrolase family 5 of the mycelial fungus penicillium canescens was cloned. the gene was expressed in p. canescens under control of a strong promoter of the bgas gene encoding beta-galactosidase of p. canescens, and endoglucanase producing strains were obtained. chromatographically purified recombinant 48 kda protein had ph and temperature optima 3.4 and 60 degrees c, respectively, exhibited specific activity of 33 iu, and had k(m) and ...200919645671
[cloning of the penicillium canescens endo-1,4-beta-glucanase gene egl3 and the characterization of the recombinant enzyme].the gene egl3 of the filamentous fungus penicillium canescens endo-1,4-beta-glucanase, belonging to family 12 glycosyl hydrolases, was cloned and sequenced. the gene was expressed in p. canescens under the control of the strong promoter of gene bgas, coding for beta-galactosidase of this fungus, and efficient endoglucanase producer strains were obtained. the recombinant protein was isolated from the culture liquid of the producer strain egl3-13 and purified to homogeneity; its specific activity ...200919382702
xylanase production by penicillium canescens on soya oil cake in solid-state fermentation.there is an increasing interest for the organic residues from various sectors of agriculture and industries over the past few decades. their application in the field of fermentation technology has resulted in the production of bulk chemicals and value-added products such as amino acid, enzymes, mushroom, organic acids, single-cell protein, biologically active secondary metabolites, etc. (ramachandran et al., bioresource technology 98:2000-2009, 2007). in this work, the production of extracellula ...201019140029
improvement of oxygen transfer coefficient during penicillium canescens culture. influence of turbine design, agitation speed, and air flow rate on xylanase production.to improve xylanase productivity from penicillium canescens 10-10c culture, an optimization of oxygen supply is required. because the strain is sensitive to shear forces, leading to lower xylanase productivity as to morphological alteration, vigorous mixing is not desired. the influence of turbine design, agitation speed, and air flow rate on k1a (global mass transfer coefficient, h(-1)) and enzyme production is discussed. k1a values increased with agitation speed and air flow rate, whatever the ...199818576019
solid-state fermentation of xylanase from penicillium canescens 10-10c in a multi-layer-packed bed reactor.xylanase is produced by penicillium canescens 10-10c from soya oil cake in static conditions using solid-state fermentation. the impact of several parameters such as the nature and the size of inoculum, bed-loading, and aeration is evaluated during the fermentation process. mycelial inoculum gives more production than conidial inoculum. increasing the quantity of inoculum enhances slightly xylanase production. forced aeration induces more sporulation of strain and reduces xylanase production. ho ...200818425615
isolation and characterization of extracellular alpha-galactosidases from penicillium canescens.two alpha-galactosidases were purified to homogeneity from the enzymatic complex of the mycelial fungus penicillium canescens using chromatography on different sorbents. substrate specificity, ph- and temperature optima of activity, stability under different ph and temperature conditions, and the influence of effectors on the catalytic properties of both enzymes were investigated. genes agla and aglc encoding alpha-galactosidases from p. canescens were isolated, and amino acid sequences of the p ...200818294137
[accumulation of heavy metals in cereal crops and ways of reducing their levels].the study deals with the levels of heavy metals in the raw grain grown in the agricultural lands of the oryol region and provides the results of a trial of a complex enzymatic agent based on phitase and succinic acid used to reduce the levels of heavy levels in the wheat and rye grains during manufacture of grain bread. the use of the complex-acting enzymatic agent based on phitase obtained from the fungus penicillium canescens in combination with 0.1% succinic acid of the mass of wheat and rye ...200717729446
isolation and characterization of extracellular pectin lyase from penicillium canescens.pectin lyase a (molecular weight 38 kd by sds-page, pi 6.7) was purified to homogeneity from culture broth of the mycelial fungus penicillium canescens using chromatographic techniques. during genomic library screening, the gene encoding pectin lyase a from p. canescens (pela) was isolated and sequenced, and the amino acid sequence was generated by applying the multiple alignment procedure (360 residues). a theoretical model for the three dimensional structure of the protein molecule was also pr ...200717573712
production and fungitoxic activity of sch 642305, a secondary metabolite of penicillium canescens.production of fungitoxic extrolites was evaluated in culture filtrates of several isolates belonging to penicillium canescens and p. janczewskii that showed some extent of inhibitory activity against the plant pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani. in addition to griseofulvin and dechlorogriseofulvin that are already known in these species, curvulinic acid, previously unreported in penicillium, was produced by all isolates assayed. another extrolite recently characterized from a p. verrucosum str ...200717429757
[synthesis of xylanolytic enzymes and other carbohydrases by the fungus penicillium canescens: transformants with an altered copy number of the gene xlnr and an encoding transcriptional activator].a fragment of penicillium canescens genomic dna carrying the xlnr gene coding for a translational activator of xylanolytic genes was isolated. it was demonstrated that a loss of this function in genetically modified transformants resulted in a drastic decrease in the production of p. canescens major xylanases and had a negative effect on the syntheses of several other extracellular xylanases. an increase in the dose of the xlnr gene elevated the xylanolytic activity as well as the activities of ...200617168295
fluorescence spectroscopy: a tool to characterize humic substances in soil colonized by microorganisms?the ability of eight soil microfungal species, alternaria alternata, clonostachys rosea f. rosea, exophiala cf. salmonis, fusarium cf. coeruleum, fusarium redolens, paecilomyces lilacinus, penicillium canescens and phoma sp., and two known basidiomycete humic acid (ha) degraders, trametes versicolor and phanerochaete chrysosporium, to modify fluorescence properties of fulvic acids (fa) and/or has was determined. effects of minerals and/or glucose on the modifications were examined. fa purified o ...200617004653
role of penicillic acid in the phytotoxicity of penicillium cyclopium and penicillium canescens to the germination of corn seeds.penicillium cyclopium and penicillium canescens cultures inhibited the germination of corn. the phytotoxic compound was isolated by solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. the phytotoxin was identified as penicillic acid by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. gas-liquid chromatography on a capillary glass column separated the two epimeric forms of penicillic acid. the maximum production of penicillic acid was obtained with p. cyclopiu ...198516346759
antagonistic activity of a natural fungal population towards pathogenic bacteria. an in vitro study.in the present work, we performed in vitro testing of 33 species of fungi of the subdivision deuteromycotina isolated from water and sediment of the kolubara river for antagonistic action towards 11 species of pathogenic bacteria. of gram-negative bacteria, the species most sensitive to metabolic fluid of the fungi were proteus mirabilis, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei, while the most resistant were klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium. of gram-positive bacteria, the mos ...200515889346
a functional screen identifies lateral transfer of beta-glucuronidase (gus) from bacteria to fungi.lateral gene transfer (lgt) from prokaryotes to microbial eukaryotes is usually detected by chance through genome-sequencing projects. here, we explore a different, hypothesis-driven approach. we show that the fitness advantage associated with the transferred gene, typically invoked only in retrospect, can be used to design a functional screen capable of identifying postulated lgt cases. we hypothesized that beta-glucuronidase (gus) genes may be prone to lgt from bacteria to fungi (thought to la ...200515483318
recombinant endo-beta-1,4-xylanase from penicillium canescens.recombinant endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (xyl-31rec, 31 kd, pi 8.2-9.3, the tenth family of glycosyl hydrolases) was isolated from the culture liquid of penicillium canescens (strain with the amplified homologous xylanase gene) by chromatofocusing on mono p and hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-superose. it is shown that the biochemical and kinetic parameters, substrate specificity, stability, and other properties of the recombinant and native enzymes are almost the same. it was found that xyl-31re ...200314756627
isolation and properties of major components of penicillium canescens extracellular enzyme complex.the composition of the enzyme complex secreted by penicillium canescens was investigated. a scheme for purification of the main components of the complex by chromatofocusing on a mono p column was developed. it was found that along with beta-galactosidase, the major components of the complex were endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (31 kd, pi 8.2-9.3), alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (60 kd, pi 7.6), arabinoxylan-arabinofuranohydrolase (70 kd, pi 3.8-4.0), and endo-beta-1,3/1,4-glucanase (40 kd, pi 4.4). the sub ...200314640962
binding of steroids by microorganisms.hartman, ronald e. (american cyanamid co., pearl river, n.y.) and chester e. holmlund. binding of steroids by microorganisms. j. bacteriol. 84:1254-1259. 1962.-certain microorganisms, particularly higher fungi, are able to bind steroids. the steroids can be recovered by solvent extraction only after lyophilization of the cultures. there appears to be a relationship between steroid structure and avidity for the microbial-binding component from penicillium canescens. sterols which possess a long s ...196213953141
[mechanism of overproduction of secreted enzymes in the mycelial fungus penicillium canescens].the fungus penicillium canescens strain f178 (vkpm) and its niad- mutant exhibited an increased capability of synthesizing extracellular enzymes beta-galactosidase (70-80 u/ml) and xylanase (100 u/ml). the synthesis was induced by arabinose and its catabolite, arabitol. a deficiency in arabitol dehydrogenase, leading to arabitol accumulation in the cell, was detected in the chain of reactions of arabinose catabolism. the increased synthesis of beta-galactosidase and xylanase in p. canescens is a ...200312754825
[induction of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase and beta-galactosidase in the original and recombinant strains of the fungus penicillium canescens].the induction of the synthesis of secreted enzymes endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8) and beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23) in the original and recombinant penicillium canescens strains has been studied. in all producer strains, the synthesis of these enzymes was induced by arabinose and its metabolite arabitol. the two enzymes differed in the concentration of arabinose required for the induction: the synthesis of beta-galactosidase was most pronounced at 1 mm, whereas maximum synthesis of endo- ...200312722649
xylanase production by penicillium canescens 10-10c in solid-state fermentation.filamentous fungi have been widely used to produce hydrolytic enzymes for industrial applications, including xylanases, whose levels in fungi are generally much higher than those in yeast and bacteria. we evaluated the influence of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and moisture content on xylanase production by penicillium canescens 10-10c in solid-state fermentation. among agricultural wastes tested (wheat bran, untreated wheat straw, treated wheat straw, beet pulp, and soja meal), untreated wh ...200312721411
[cloning of an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene from penicillium canescens and construction of multicopy strains].the complete gene xyla that encodes endo-1,4-beta-xylanase secreted by penicillium canescens was cloned and sequenced. the coding region of the gene is separated by eight introns. the protein comprises 302 amino acids of the mature protein and 25 amino acids of the signal peptide. the xylanase of p. canescens belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 10. nucleotide sequences for binding catabolite repression protein crea and transactivator protein were detected in the promoter region. a set of mu ...200212391748
influence of a new axial impeller on k(l)a and xylanase production by penicillium canescens 10-10c.the effects of a new axial impeller (htpg4) on oxygen volumetric transfer coefficient, k(l)a, and xylanase production by penicillium canescens 10-10c were studied and compared for dual-impeller systems, one with one dt4 impeller below and one htpg4 above (dt4-htpg4) and one with two dt4 (dt4-dt4) impellers, in a 5-l bioreactor. the volumetric coefficient of oxygen transfer was measured in culture medium using a gassing-out method at different gassing rates and agitation speeds. we observed that ...200212018228
formation of glucoside conjugates during biotransformation of dibenzofuran by penicillium canescens sbug-m 1139.penicillium canescens oxidises dibenzofuran (dbf) to produce monohydroxylated derivatives and other more hydrophilic metabolites. these substances are water-soluble but unstable in organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, acetone or dichloromethane. both extraction with ethyl acetate and enzymatic treatment of the aqueous culture filtrate with beta-glucuronidase led to decay of the hydrophilic metabolites and indicated these products to be glycoside conjugates. the glycosyl residue was identified ...200111759691
identification of catalytically active groups of penicillium canescens f-436 beta-galactosidase.the functional groups of penicillium canescens f-436 beta-galactosidase have been identified. the pk values and heats of ionization of these groups and photoinactivation of the enzyme with methylene blue indicate that the active site contains carboxyl and imidazole groups. a mechanism for the participation of these groups in the cleavage of the glycoside bond in lactose is proposed.200111333160
the mycobiota of speck, a traditional tyrolean smoked and cured ham.speck is a ham specialty product traditionally produced in south tyrol (italy) and north tyrol (austria) by farmers, butcheries, and meat industries. to date, nothing has been learned about fungi associated with this smoked and cured meat. therefore, it was the main objective of this study to assess the typical mycobiota of speck in relation to the different production types and the geographic provenance. a total of 121 speck samples from north tyrol and south tyrol was analyzed. from 63 isolate ...200011041140
methyl ketone formation during degradation of phenoxybutyric acid by penicillium canescens sbug-m 1139.penicillium canescens sbug-m 1139 was shown to be able to grow using phenoxybutyric acid as the sole carbon source. the rapid conversion of the phenoxyalkanoic acid resulted in the formation of phenol, which was metabolized completely. these reactions were accompanied by an accumulation of the methyl ketone phenoxypropan-2-one. furthermore, during the metabolism of phenoxybutyric acid, 4-phenoxy-2,3-dehydrobutyric acid, 4-phenoxy-3-hydroxybutyric acid, phenoxyacetic acid, and phenoxypropan-2-ol ...199910591852
penicillium species in mosquitoes from two brazilian regions.penicillium species were isolated from 1073 adult mosquitoes and larvae of aedes spp., anopheles spp., culex spp. and mansonia spp. captured in the northern and southeastern regions of brazil. in a total of 24 collections, 198 penicillium strains were identified in 13 species: penicillium canescens, p. chrysogenum, p. citrinum, p. corylophilum, p. decumbens, p. expansum, p. fellutanum, p. implicatum, p. janthinellum, p. oxalicum, p. purpurogenum, p. viridicatum and p. waksmanii. the total isolat ...19989871332
l-arabinose induces synthesis of secreted beta-galactosidase in the filamentous fungus penicillium canescensthe mechanism of induction of secreted beta-galactosidase was studied in the filamentous fungus penicillium canescens. l-arabinose and its metabolite l-arabitol induce the synthesis of the enzyme. apart from beta-galactosidase, l-arabinose induces the synthesis of other extracellular carbohydrolases including alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase. increasing l-arabinose concentration above 1 mm or addition of other carbon sources results in carbon catabolite repression of the synthesis of the secreted enz ...19989864469
study on the production of a xylanolytic complex from penicillium canescens 10-10c.we screened about a hundred microorganisms (including unidentified yeasts, fungi, and bacteria) for their ability to produce xylanolytic enzymes. about 40 of them were hemicellulolytic; among these, we selected penicillium canescens 10-10c for detailed study because of its ability to produce an interesting enzymatic complex in quantity. the xylanase complex was cellulase-free, and had an optimal activity at ph 4.6-5.0 and 55-60 degrees c on birchwood xylan. the best production was on soya meal a ...19979382490
integrative and replicative transformation of penicillium canescens with a heterologous nitrate-reductase gene.a wild isolate of penicillium canescens was subjected to mutagenesis, and 150 chlorate-resistant mutants were isolated and classified in respect of their ability to utilize various nitrogen sources. strains supposedly deficient in nitrate reductase have been transformed with the nitrate-reductase gene from aspergillus niger. transformation probably occurred by non-homologous integration of the transforming vector into the chromosome. co-transformation with the ama 1 replicating element from a. n ...19958575022
[effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the biosynthesis of exogenous beta-galactosidase by a penicillium canescens sopp. culture]. 19883150512
[molecular characteristics of beta-galactosidase secreted by penicillium canescens].extracellular beta-galactosidase from p. canescens culture medium was purified by ion-exchange chromatography on deae and cm-sepharose cl-6b and gel filtration. the enzyme active form was shown to be a monomer with a molecular weight of about 120 kda; the isoelectric point is 6.7 and the sedimentation coefficient is 6.5. in terms of physico-chemical and catalytic properties, the purified enzyme is similar to beta-galactosidases of other fungi of genus penicillium. the amino acid composition and ...19892510832
[a toxicological evaluation of micromycetes isolated from salmon roe].three species of micromycetes (aspergillus clavatus desm., cladosporium herbarum (pers) lk., penicillium canescens sopp.) isolated from the cultivated salmon spawn have been studied for their toxigenic properties and pathogenicity for warm-blooded animals. ld50 are determined for mice perorally administered mycelium suspension of the first two species; the third of the studied species proved to be nontoxicogenic. the possible pathogenic action of mycotoxins on fish spawn in aquarium is discussed ...19902198440
[the mutagenic action of ultraviolet radiation on penicillium canescens sopp. 20171--a producer of extracellular alpha-galactosidase]. 19902165552
[molecular cloning of the gene for secreted beta-galactosidase of the filamentous fungus penicillium canescens].a secreted beta-galactosidase gene from p. canescens was cloned using synthetic oligonucleotide probes and its nucleotide sequence was partially determined. the gene was shown to be present in the genome as a single copy. the deduced primary structure of the signal peptide and the first 25 amino acid residues of the mature protein was established. the structure analysis of the beta-galactosidase gene revealed at least one short intron 64 bp long. the transcription start point was found to be loc ...19921435779
suppression of phytohemagglutinin response by fungi from a "leukemia" house.fungal isolates from the house of a husband and wife who both developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia were assayed for effects on the in vivo response to phytohemagglutinin in guinea pigs. skin responses to intradermal phytohemagglutinin were measured following injections of sterile fungal extracts. isolates of penicillium canescens, curvularia, fusarium sambucinum, fusarium equiseti and trichoderma koningii from the leukemia-associated house depressed the responses to phytohemagglutinin, but no ...1979291385
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