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chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by artocarpin, a dietary phytochemical from artocarpus heterophyllus.artocarpus heterophyllus is an evergreen tree distributed in tropical regions, and its fruit (jackfruit) is well-known as the world's largest tree-borne fruit. although a. heterophyllus has been widely used in folk medicines against inflammation, its potential in cancer chemoprevention remains unclear. herein we identified artocarpin from a. heterophyllus as a promising colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent by targeting akt kinase. phenotypically, artocarpin exhibited selective cytotoxicity ag ...201728391699
production of spray-dried honey jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus) powder from enzymatic liquefied puree.this paper presents the enzymatic liquefaction process for honey jackfruit optimized with pectinex(®) ultra sp-l and celluclast(®) 1.5 l individually or in combinations at different concentrations (0-2.5% v/w) and incubation time (0-2.5 h). treatment with combinations of enzymes showed a greater effect in the reduction of viscosity (83.9-98.8%) as compared to single enzyme treatment (64.8-87.3%). the best parameter for enzymatic liquefaction was obtained with 1.0% (v/w) pectinex(®) ultra sp-l an ...201728242955
nutritional composition of fruits selected by long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis) in kuala selangor, malaysia.proximate analysis of twelve species of fruits commonly consumed by long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis), i.e., arenga pinnata, areca catechu, terminalia catappa, elaeis guineensis, lagerstroemia tomentosa, mangifera indica, cascabela thevetia, muntingia calabura, musa sp., artocarpus heterophyllus, ficus tinctoria ssp. gibbosa and ficus microcarpa, was conducted with the specific objective to determine the nutritional composition of the foodstuffs of long-tailed macaques. the results show ...201728228918
design of macroscopically ordered liquid crystalline hydrogel columns knitted with nanosilver for topical applications.the design of liquid crystalline hydrogels knitted with silver nanoparticles in macroscopic ordering is becoming a subject of research interest due to their promising multifunctional applications in biomedical and optoelectronic applications. the present work describes the development of liquid crystalline schiff-based hydrogel decorated with silver nanoparticles and the demonstration of its antifungal applications. schiff base was prepared from polyglucanaldehyde and chitosan, and the former wa ...201728221765
flavonoids from the roots of artocarpus heterophyllus.four new flavonoids, artoheteroids a-d (1-4), together with six known ones (5-10), were isolated from the roots of artocarpus heterophyllus. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1d and 2d nmr, uv, ir, cd, and hr-esi-ms. all isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory abilities against cathepsin k (catk). among them, compounds 1-2, 4-6, and 10 were found to have suppression capabilities against catk with ic50 values ranging from 1.4 to 93.9μm.201728163073
sub-micellar concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate prevents thermal denaturation induced aggregation of plant lectin, jacalin.the irreversible thermal unfolding of jacalin, the lectin purified from jackfruit seeds was accompanied by aggregation, where intermolecular interactions among the subunits are favoured over intramolecular interactions. the extent of aggregation increased as a function of temperature, time and protein concentration. the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) significantly suppressed the formation of aggregates as observed by turbidity measurements and rayleigh scattering assay. moreov ...201728133706
optimization of postharvest conditions to produce chocolate aroma from jackfruit seeds.jackfruit seeds are an underutilized waste in many tropical countries. this work demonstrates the potential of roasted jackfruit seeds to develop chocolate aroma. twenty-seven different roasted jackfruit seed flours were produced from local jackfruit by acidifying or fermenting the seeds prior to drying and then roasting under different time/temperature combinations. the chocolate aroma of groups of four flours were ranked by a sensory panel (n = 162), and response surface methodology was used t ...201728110526
lectins from synadenium carinatum (scll) and artocarpus heterophyllus (artinm) are able to induce beneficial immunomodulatory effects in a murine model for treatment of toxoplasma gondii infection.infection by toxoplasma gondii affects around one-third of world population and the treatment for patients presenting toxoplasmosis clinically manifested disease is mainly based by a combination of sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and folinic acid. however, this therapeutic protocol is significantly toxic, causing relevant dose-related bone marrow damage. thus, it is necessary to improve new approaches to investigate the usefulness of more effective and non-toxic agents for treatment of patients wit ...201627933277
characterization of natural polymers from jackfruit pulp, calendula flowers and tara seeds as mucoadhesive and controlled release components in buccal tablets.identification and physiochemical parameters such as solubility, loss on drying, viscosity, ph, swelling index, starch and gum constituents were determined in natural polymers and showed satisfactory results. spectral studies established the compatibility of natural polymers. the drug release kinetics in preliminary trial batches showed that tablets containing natural mucilages and gum showed a prolonged drug release comparable to carbopol 974p and methocel k4m. also, all tablets showed a satisf ...201727889336
isolation, characterization and the potential use of starch from jackfruit seed wastes as a coagulant aid for treatment of turbid water.fruit wastes constituting up to half of total fruit weight represent a large pool of untapped resources for isolation of starch with diverse applications. in this work, the possibility of isolating starch from tropical fruit wastes and its extended application as a natural coagulant was elucidated. amongst the 12 various parts of fruit wastes selected, only jackfruit seeds contained more than 50% of total starch content. using alkaline extraction procedures, starch has been successfully isolated ...201727838910
inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis by artinm via anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic mechanisms.artinm is a d-mannose-binding lectin found in the seeds of artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) that interacts with n-glycans, that is associated with receptors on the surface of phagocytic cells and induces the production of inflammatory mediators. some of them are especially important because they may be required for antitumor immune response. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of artinm on hepatocellular preneoplastic foci. wistar rats received 50 mg/kg of diethyl-nitrosamine (den) intra ...201627815471
ultrasound assisted extraction of pectin from waste artocarpus heterophyllus fruit peel.four factors three level face centered central composite response surface design was employed in this study to investigate and optimize the effect of process variables (liquid-solid (ls) ratio (10:1-20:1ml/g), ph (1-2), sonication time (15-30min) and extraction temperature (50-70°c)) on the maximum extraction yield of pectin from waste artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel by ultrasound assisted extraction method. numerical optimization method was adapted in this study and the following opti ...201727773278
physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from artocarpus heterophyllus lam. pulp.a water-soluble polysaccharide from artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (jackfruit) pulp (jfp-ps) was purified and its physicochemical properties were investigated. the in vitro antioxidant activities of jfp-ps was evaluated by measuring dpph and oh radicals scavenging activities, as well as reducing power. the results showed that jfp-ps contained 79.12% of total sugar, 5.83% of protein, 15.65% of uronic acid, and 15 kinds of amino acids with high levels of asp, glu, val, leu and lys. jfp-ps was mainl ...201727702522
in vitro antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents of seven commercially available fruits.fruits are considered one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. their consumption has been linked to the prevention of oxidative stress-induced diseases.201727695265
2-arylbenzo[b]furan derivatives as potent human lipoxygenase inhibitors.human lipoxygenases (loxs) have been emerging as effective therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. in this study, we found that four natural 2-arylbenzo[b]furan derivatives isolated from artocarpus heterophyllus exhibited potent inhibitory activities against human loxs, including moracin c (1), artoindonesianin b-1 (2), moracin d (3), moracin m (4). in our in vitro experiments, compound 1 was identified as the most potent lox inhibitor and the moderate subtype selective inhibitor of 12-lo ...201627590167
table wine from tropical fruits utilizing natural yeast isolates.an attempt was made to utilize few widely available tropical fruits to develop wine with the objective of comparing the fermentation efficiency (along with progress in fermentation) of two efficient yeast isolates with commercially available strain. fruit wine from juices of fully ripe mango, jackfruit and pineapple alone and in blended combinations of all three fruit juice (2: 1: 2) was prepared using two different yeasts (y4 and y7) isolated from natural plain date palm juice and one standard ...201627570291
sustained mitogenic effect on k562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells by dietary lectin, jacalin.dietary lectins have been shown to affect the proliferation of human cancer cell lines. the anti-proliferative effects of lectins from varied sources have been extensively studied and in some cases, the underlying mechanism has been explored. except for peanut agglutinin (pna), the mitogenic effects of no other lectins have been studied in detail. in the present study, we have shown that jacalin, lectin purified from jackfruit (artocarpus integrifolia) seeds act as a mitogen for k562, the bcr-ab ...201627540731
moracin c, a phenolic compound isolated from artocarpus heterophyllus, suppresses lipopolysaccharide-activated inflammatory responses in murine raw264.7 macrophages.artocarpus heterophyllus, a popular tropical fruit commonly known as the jackfruit tree, is normally planted in subtropical or tropical areas. since a variety of phytochemicals isolated from a. heterophyllus have been found to possess potently anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antimalarial activities, researchers have devoted much interest to its potential pharmaceutical value. however, the exact mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory activity is not well characterized. in this study, seven n ...201627463712
a comprehensive and comparative gc-ms metabolomics study of non-volatiles in tanzanian grown mango, pineapple, jackfruit, baobab and tamarind fruits.tropical fruits contribute significantly to the total fruit intake worldwide. however, their metabolomes have not yet been investigated comprehensively, as most previous studies revealed only volatile and bulk compositions. this study compares non-volatile metabolites of five fruits grown in tanzania. a new methodology is developed for broad-spectrum gc-ms metabolomics in fruits using a new derivatization and a two dimensional peak deconvolution techniques. a total of 92 peaks were detected from ...201627451236
recombinant artinm activates mast cells.mast cells are hematopoietically derived cells that play a role in inflammatory processes such as allergy, as well as in the immune response against pathogens by the selective and rapid release of preformed and lipid mediators, and the delayed release of cytokines. the native homotetrameric lectin artinm, a d-mannose binding lectin purified from artocarpus heterophyllus seeds, is one of several lectins that are able to activate mast cells. besides activating mast cells, artinm has been shown to ...201627377926
supramolecular structure of jackfruit seed starch and its relationship with digestibility and physicochemical properties.the influence of supramolecular structure on the physicochemical properties and digestibility of jackfruit seed starch (jss) were investigated. compared with maize and cassava starches (ms and cs), jss had smaller granules and higher amylose content (jss: 24.90%; cs: 16.68%; and ms: 22.42%), which contributed to higher gelatinization temperature (to: 81.11°c) and setback viscosity (548.9mpas). from scanning electron microscopy, the digestion of jss was observed mainly at the granule surface. due ...201627312638
current trends of tropical fruit waste utilization.recent rapid growth of the world's population has increased food demands. this phenomenon poses a great challenge for food manufacturers in maximizing the existing food or plant resources. nowadays, the recovery of health benefit bioactive compounds from fruit wastes is a research trend not only to help minimize the waste burden, but also to meet the intensive demand from the public for phenolic compounds which are believed to have protective effects against chronic diseases. this review is focu ...201627246698
transcriptome and selected metabolite analyses reveal points of sugar metabolism in jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam.).artocarpus heterophyllus lam., commonly known as jackfruit, produces the largest tree-borne fruit known thus far. the edible part of the fruit develops from the perianths, and contains many sugar-derived compounds. however, its sugar metabolism is poorly understood. a fruit perianth transcriptome was sequenced on an illumina hiseq 2500 platform, producing 32,459 unigenes with an average length of 1345nt. sugar metabolism was characterized by comparing expression patterns of genes related to suga ...201627181946
influence of pre-drying treatments on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of explosion puff dried jackfruit chips.the effects of hot air drying (ad), freeze drying (fd), infrared drying (ir), microwave drying (mv), vacuum drying (vd) as pre-drying treatments for explosion puff drying (epd) on qualities of jackfruit chips were studied. the lowest total color differences (∆e) were found in the fd-, mv- and vd-epd dried chips. volume expansion effect (9.2 %) was only observed in the fd-epd dried chips, which corresponded to its well expanded honeycomb microstructures and high rehydration rate. compared with ad ...201627162392
neutrophils contribute to the protection conferred by artinm against intracellular pathogens: a study on leishmania major.artinm, a d-mannose binding lectin from artocarpus heterophyllus, has immunomodulatory activities through its interaction with n-glycans of immune cells, culminating with the establishment of t helper type 1 (th1) immunity. this interaction protects mice against intracellular pathogens, including leishmania major and leishmania amazonensis. artinm induces neutrophils activation, which is known to account for both resistance to pathogens and host tissue injury. although exacerbated inflammation w ...201627058234
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of jackfruit seed powder (jfsp) to l-lactic acid and to polylactide polymer.a newly isolated amylolytic lactic acid bacterium, streptococcus equinus, was used for the production of l-lactic acid from jackfruit seed powder (jfsp) by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf). after optimization of shake flask fermentation by a response surface box-behnken design, the maximum lactate titer was 109g/l from 200g/l jackfruit seed powder. amberlite ira67, a weak base resin, was used to recover pure lactic acid from fermented broth and subsequently used for the synth ...201627005791
effect of vacuum frying on changes in quality attributes of jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus) bulb slices.the effect of frying temperatures and durations on the quality of vacuum fried jackfruit (jf) chips was evaluated. moisture content and breaking force of jf chips decreased with increase in frying temperature and time during vacuum frying whereas the oil content increased. the frying time for jf chips was found to be 30, 25, and 20 minutes at 80, 90, and 100°c, respectively. jf chips fried at higher temperature resulted in maximum shrinkage (48%). the lightness in terms of hunter l (*) value dec ...201426904648
il-17 induction by artinm is due to stimulation of il-23 and il-1 release and/or interaction with cd3 in cd4+ t cells.artinm is a d-mannose-binding lectin extracted from the seeds of artocarpus heterophyllus that interacts with tlr2 n-glycans and activates antigen-presenting cells (apcs), as manifested by il-12 production. in vivo artinm administration induces th1 immunity and confers protection against infection with several intracellular pathogens. in the murine model of candida albicans infection, it was verified that, in addition to th1, artinm induces th17 immunity manifested by high il-17 levels in the tr ...201626901413
antioxidant potential of lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom, ganoderma lucidum (higher basidiomycetes) cultivated on artocarpus heterophyllus sawdust substrate in india.the artificial cultivation of ganoderma lucidum (mtcc1039) using artocarpus heterophyllus as sawdust substrate was optimized and free radical scavenging activities of the generated fruiting bodies were investigated. the choice of a. heterophyllus as substrate was due to its easy availability in south india. sawdust supplemented with dextrose medium yielded better spawn hyphae and early fruiting body initiation (15 days). the biological yield obtained was 42.06 ± 2.14 g/packet and the biological ...201526854104
glycan microarray analysis of the carbohydrate-recognition specificity of native and recombinant forms of the lectin artinm.this article contains data related to the researc.h article entitled "yeast-derived artinm shares structure, carbohydrate recognition, and biological effects with native artinm" by cecílio et al. (2015) [1]. artinm, a d-mannose-binding lectin isolated from the seeds of artocarpus heterophyllus, exerts immunomodulatory and regenerative activities through its carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) (souza et al., 2013; mariano et al., 2014 [2], [3]). the limited availability of the native lectin (n- ...201526793748
bud rot caused by phytophthora palmivora: a destructive emerging disease of oil palm.oomycetes from the genus phytophthora are among the most important plant pathogens in agriculture. epidemics caused by p. infestans precipitated the great irish famine and had a major impact on society and human history. in the tropics, p. palmivora is a pathogen of many plant species including cacao (theobroma cacao), citrus (citrus sp.), durian (durio zibethines), jackfruit (artrocarpus heterophyllus), rubber (hevea brasiliensis), and several palm species including coconut (cocos nucifera), an ...201626714102
effect of roasting conditions on the browning intensity and structural changes in jackfruit (artocarpus hetrophyllus) seeds.central composite rotatable design (ccrd) was used to optimize the settings for the roasting conditions of jackfruit (artocapus hetrophyllus) seed (jfs). the response variables studied were; color attributes l*, a*, and b*, browning intensity, and fracturability. the colors l*, a*, b* and browning intensity were well predicted by a second-order polynomial model. fracturability was predicted by a first-order polynomial. the determination coefficients for colors l*, a*, b*, browning intensity, and ...201526604377
yeast expressed artinm shares structure, carbohydrate recognition, and biological effects with native artinm.recent advances in glycobiology have revealed the essential role of lectins in deciphering the glycocodes at the cell surface to generate important biological signaling responses. artinm, a d-mannose-binding lectin isolated from the seeds of jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus), is composed of 16 kda subunits that are associated to form a homotetramer. native artinm (n-artinm) exerts immunomodulatory and regenerative effects, but the potential pharmaceutical applicability of the lectin is highly ...201626433176
post-dispersal seed removal by ground-feeding rodents in tropical peatlands, central kalimantan, indonesia.forested tropical peatlands in southeast asia are being rapidly converted to agriculture or degraded into non-forest vegetation. although large areas have been abandoned, there is little evidence for subsequent forest recovery. as part of a study of forest degradation and recovery, we used seed removal experiments and rodent surveys to investigate the potential role of post-dispersal seed predation in limiting the regeneration of woody plants. two 14-day seed removal trials were done in deforest ...201526369444
structure elucidation and nmr assignments of two new flavanones from the roots of artocarpus heterophyllus. 201526255871
caulicolous botryosphaeriales from thailand.members of botryosphaeriales are commonly encountered as endophytes or pathogens of various plant hosts. the botryosphaeriaceae represents the predominant family within this order, containing numerous species associated with canker and dieback disease on a wide range of woody hosts. during the course of routine surveys from various plant hosts in thailand, numerous isolates of botryosphaeriaceae, including aplosporellaceae were collected. isolates were subsequently identified based on a combinat ...201526240447
cloning and extracellular expression of a raw starch digesting α-amylase (blamy-i) and its application in bioethanol production from a non-conventional source of starch.the aim of this study was to clone and efficiently express a raw starch-digesting α-amylase enzyme in the culture media and also to investigate the potential application of this recombinant enzyme in the digestion of non-conventional raw starch for bioethanol production. a raw starch digesting α-amylase gene isolated from bacillus licheniformis strain as08e was cloned and extracellularly expressed in e. coli cells using the native signal peptide. the mature recombinant α-amylase (blamy-i) consis ...201526135919
screening of polysaccharides from tamarind, fenugreek and jackfruit seeds as pharmaceutical excipients.the paper describes the isolation and screening of plant polysaccharides namely tamarind seed polysaccharide (tsp), fenugreek seed mucilage (fsm) and jackfruit seed starch (jfss) from tamarind (tamarindus indica l.) seeds, fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum l.) seeds and jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus l.) seeds, respectively. the yields of isolated dried tsp, fsm and jfss were 47.00%, 17.36% and 18.86%, respectively. various physicochemical properties like colour, odour, taste, solubility ...201526007663
about rats and jackfruit trees: modeling the carrying capacity of a brazilian atlantic forest spiny-rat trinomys dimidiatus (günther, 1877) - rodentia, echimyidae - population with varying jackfruit tree (artocarpus heterophyllus l.) abundances.we carried out a six-year study aimed at evaluating if and how a brazilian atlantic forest small mammal community responded to the presence of the invasive exotic species artocarpus heterophyllus, the jackfruit tree. in the surroundings of vila dois rios, ilha grande, rj, 18 grids were established, 10 where the jackfruit tree was present and eight were it was absent. previous results indicated that the composition and abundance of this small mammal community were altered by the presence and dens ...201525945639
characterization of the goat feeding system among rural small holder farmers in the semi-arid regions of uganda.goats (capra hircus) are widely distributed in africa and asia, and are important to the subsistence and economic livelihoods of many people in these areas. the goat feeding system among rural small holder farmers in buyende district (uganda) was characterised by determining the goat rearing practices, feed resources fed on by goats and availability of browse species mentioned by small holder farmers. data was gathered using ethnobotanical and ecological approaches. results from the ethnobotanic ...201525932373
antibacterial assay-guided isolation of active compounds from artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods.preparations from artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (moraceae) heartwoods are used in the traditional folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, malarial fever, and to prevent bacterial and fungal infections.201525856717
physicochemical properties and biological activities of thai plant mucilages for artificial saliva preparation.plant mucilages can be found in various parts of several thai plants, which can be used as thickening, moisturizing, and lubricating agents in artificial saliva formulations.201525853963
purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of artocarpus heterophyllus lam.a proteinaceous inhibitor against trypsin was isolated from the seeds of artocarpus heterophyllus lam. by successive ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange, and gel-filtration chromatography. the trypsin inhibitor, named as ahlti (a. heterophyllus lam. trypsin inhibitor), consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 28.5 kda, which was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration chromatography. the n-terminal sequence of a ...201525851516
jackfruit anaphylaxis in a latex allergic patient.several fruits have been reported to crossreact with latex antigen in latex allergy patients but little is known regarding tropical fruits in particular. here we report the case of a 34-year old nurse who developed anaphylaxis following the ingestion of dried jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus). the patient had a history of chronic eczema on both hands resulting from a regular wear of latex gloves. she and her family also had a history of atopy (allergic rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis). the ...201525840636
one-step synthesis of highly-biocompatible spherical gold nanoparticles using artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (jackfruit) fruit extract and its effect on pathogens.novel approaches for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (aunps) are of great importance due to its vast spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including medical diagnostics and therapeutics. te presented study reports the successful aunps' synthesis using artocarpus heterophyllus lam. extract, and provides detailed characterization and evaluation of its antibacterial potential.201525780834
preliminary nutritional and biological potential of artocarpus heterophyllus l. shell powder.artocarpus heterophyllus shell powder was investigated in terms of its nutritional and biological potential. a thorough examination of shell powder demonstrated its potential as a source of minerals, β carotene and dietary fiber, which were assessed gravimetrically & spectrophotometrically. this showed 3.05 ± 0.19 g 100 g(-1) dw of alkaloids followed by saponins and tannins. three different extracts; acetone, methanol, & mix solvent were used to evaluate phenolic & flavonoid content, antioxidant ...201525745202
resistant starch contents of native and heat-moisture treated jackfruit seed starch.native jackfruit seed starch (jfs) contains 30% w/w type ii resistant starch (rs2) and can potentially be developed as a new commercial source of rs for food and pharmaceutical application. heat-moisture treatment (hmt) was explored as a mean to increase rs content of native jfs. the effect of the conditions was tested at varied moisture contents (mc), temperatures, and times. moisture levels of 20-25%, together with temperatures 80-110°c, generally resulted in increases of rs amount. the highes ...201525642454
resveratrol content and antioxidant properties of underutilized fruits.in the present study, resveratrol content and antioxidant properties of underutilized fruits such as jamun (syzygium cumini l.), jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus) and mulberry (morus rubra) were investigated keeping grape (vitis vinifera) as a reference. ethanol/water (80:20 v/v) extracts of different parts of fruit samples including skin, pulp and seeds were analyzed by hplc and ms for the quantification of resveratrol. total polyphenols, flavonoids, dpph scavenging activity and total antiox ...201525593373
screening antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties of extracts isolated from jackfruit pulp (artocarpus heterophyllus lam).the present focused on the study of the antimutagenic and antiproliferative potential of pulp jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam) extract, using salmonella typhimurium tester strains ta98 and ta100 with metabolic activation (s9) and a cancer cell line m12.c3.f6 (murine b-cell lymphoma), respectively. jackfruit pulp extract was sequentially fractionated by chromatography (rp-hplc) and each fraction was tested for antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities. the organic extracts obtained f ...201525577099
lectins with anti-hiv activity: a review.lectins including flowering plant lectins, algal lectins, cyanobacterial lectins, actinomycete lectin, worm lectins, and the nonpeptidic lectin mimics pradimicins and benanomicins, exhibit anti-hiv activity. the anti-hiv plant lectins include artocarpus heterophyllus (jacalin) lectin, concanavalin a, galanthus nivalis (snowdrop) agglutinin-related lectins, musa acuminata (banana) lectin, myrianthus holstii lectin, narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin, and urtica diocia agglutinin. the anti-hiv algal ...201525569520
fungus-insect gall of phlebopus portentosus.phlebopus portentosus is a popular edible wild mushroom found in the tropical yunnan, china, and northern thailand. in its natural habitats, a gall often has been found on some plant roots, around which fungal fruiting bodies are produced. the galls are different from common insect galls in that their cavity walls are not made from plant tissue but rather from the hyphae of p. portentosus. therefore we have termed this phenomenon "fungus-insect gall". thus far six root mealy bug species in the f ...201525344264
food resources, distribution and seasonal variations in ranging in lion-tailed macaques, macaca silenus in the western ghats, india.the distribution and availability of food was examined to see how it influenced ranging patterns and sleeping site selection in a group of lion-tailed macaques. the home range and core area were 130.48 ha (95% kernel) and 26.68 ha (50% kernel) respectively. the lion-tailed macaques had a longer day range, had a greater number of sleeping sites and used more core areas in the summer as compared to the monsoon and the post-monsoon seasons. the ranging patterns and sleeping site use were influenced ...201525217980
effect of acid concentration and treatment time on acid-alcohol modified jackfruit seed starch properties.the properties of starch extracted from jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam.) seeds, collected from west assam after acid-alcohol modification by short term treatment (st) for 15-30min with concentrated hydrochloric acid and long term treatment (lt) for 1-15days with 1m hydrochloric acid, were investigated. granule density, freeze thaw stability, solubility and light transmittance of the treated starches increased. a maximum decrease in the degree of polymerisation occurred in st of 30min (2 ...201125212133
development of microsatellite loci in artocarpus altilis (moraceae) and cross-amplification in congeneric species. 201325202565
effects of tropical high tannin non legume and low tannin legume browse mixtures on fermentation parameters and methanogenesis using gas production technique.in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of several mixtures of high tanniniferous non legumes with low tanniniferous legumes on in vitro gas production (ivgp), dry matter degradation, ammonia-n, methane production and microbial population. eight treatments were examined in a randomized complete block design using four non-legumes and two legumes (carallia integerrima×leucaena leucocephala (ll) (trt 1), c. integerrima×gliricidia sepium (gs) (trt 2), aporosa lindeliyana×ll ...201225049496
structures and binding specificity of galactose- and mannose-binding lectins from champedak: differences from jackfruit lectins.galactose-binding and mannose-binding lectins from the champedak fruit, which is native to south-east asia, exhibit useful potential clinical applications. the specificity of the two lectins for their respective ligands allows the detection of potential cancer biomarkers and monitoring of the glycosylated state of proteins in human serum and/or urine. to fully understand and expand the use of these natural proteins, their complete sequences and crystal structures are presented here, together wit ...201424915077
recognition of tlr2 n-glycans: critical role in artinm immunomodulatory activity.tlr2 plays a critical role in the protection against paracoccidioides brasiliensis conferred by artinm administration. artinm, a d-mannose-binding lectin from artocarpus heterophyllus, induces il-12 production in macrophages and dendritic cells, which accounts for the t helper1 immunity that results from artinm administration. we examined the direct interaction of artinm with tlr2using hek293a cells transfected with tlr2, alone or in combination with tlr1 or tlr6, together with accessory protein ...201424892697
characterization of antiproliferative activity constituents from artocarpus heterophyllus.artocarpus heterophyllus is an evergreen fruit tree cultivated in many tropical regions. previous studies have shown that some of its compositions exhibited potential tyrosinase inhibition activities. this study indentified 8 new phenolic compounds, artoheterophyllins e-j (1-6), 4-geranyl-2',3,4',5-tetrahydroxy-cis-stilbene (7), and 5-methoxymorican m (8) and 2 new natural compounds (9 and 10), 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4h-benzopyran-4-one and 6-[(1s,2s)-1,2-dihydro ...201424854862
activation of spleen cells by artinm may account for its immunomodulatory properties.artinm is a d-mannose-binding lectin extracted from artocarpus heterophyllus that promotes interleukin-12 production by macrophages and dendritic cells. this property is considered responsible for t helper 1 immunity induced in vivo after artinm administration. in this study, we investigated the effect of native (jartinm) and recombinant (rartinm) forms of lectin on murine spleen cells and isolated t lymphocytes. we found that artinm binds to the surface of spleen cells. this interaction, which ...201424842046
diversity and utilization of tree species in meitei homegardens of barak valley, assam.an inventory of tree diversity in traditional homegardens of meitei community was conducted in a bontarapur village in cachar district of barak valley, assam. meitei homegarden locally called ingkhol exhibits a wide diversity in size, shape, location and composition. seventy one tree species were enumerated from 50 homegardens belonging to 60 genus and 35 families. among the families encountered, rutaceae was the dominant family (4 genus and 7 species) followed by meliaceae (5 genus and 5 specie ...201324620581
hydrophilic antioxidant capacities and total phenol content of seasonal fruits of bangladesh.consumption of fruits and vegetables helps to scavenge free radicals owing to the presence of antioxidant nutrients and secondary metabolites, especially polyphenolic compounds. this may lead to a reduction in the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. the purpose of the study was to determine the antioxidant capacity (ac) and total phenolic content (tpc) of selected seasonal fruits of bangladesh.201224568076
in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 21 indian timber-yielding plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection.to screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa).201324524024
plant latex: a promising antifungal agent for post harvest disease control.bioactive compounds from plant latex are potential source of antifungic against post harvest pathogens. latex from a total of seven plant species was investigated for its phytochemical and antifungal properties. six fungi namely aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. terreus, f. solani, p. digitatum and r. arrhizus were isolated from infected fruits and vegetables and tested against various solvent extracts of latex. analysis of latex extracts with phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloi ...201324506041
salt tolerances of some mainland tree species select as through nursery screening.a study of salt tolerance was carried out on germination, survival and height growth performance of important mesophytic species such as acacia auriculiformis, acacia hybrid, artocarpus heterophyllus, albizia procera, albizia lebbeck, acacia nilotica, achras sapota, casuarina equisetifolaia, emblica officinalis, leucaena leucocephala, samania saman, swetenia macrophylla, terminalia arjuna, tamarindus indica, terminalia bellirica and thespesia populnea in nursery stage using fresh water and salt ...201324502152
effect of seasonal variations on jackfruit trunk borer (batocera rufomaculata de geer) infestation.the study of seasonal influence on incidence of trunk borer infestation was undertaken during 2010 at kapasia upazila under district of gazipur, bangladesh. the borer was found in orchard from june to september with a peak emergence in mid july. the larval population of jackfruit trunk borer is the destructive pest stage, which evokes concern in jackfruit growing areas of bangladesh. the highest percentage of infestation was in july (7.33%) followed by june and august (6.00%). the cumulative inf ...201324498801
artocarpus heterophyllus l. seed starch-blended gellan gum mucoadhesive beads of metformin hcl.jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam., family: moraceae) seed starch (jfss)-gellan gum (gg) mucoadhesive beads containing metformin hcl were developed through ionotropic gelation technique. the effect of gg to jfss ratio and cacl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (dee, %) and cumulative drug release at 10h (r10h, %) was optimized and analyzed using response surface methodology based on 3(2) factorial design. the optimized jfss-gg beads containing metformin hcl showed dee of ...201424447799
determination of the centesimal composition and characterization of flours from fruit seeds.fruit seeds, common byproducts of the food industry, are generally discarded despite their potential use as a source of nutrients in the human diet. the dietetic use of the flour made from fruit seeds depends on their centesimal composition and other characteristics. in this work the centesimal compositions were determined of six fruits seeds. the flours obtained from these seeds were characterized by infrared absorption spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and low-field ...201424423535
extraction process optimization of polyphenols from indian citrus sinensis - as novel antiglycative agents in the management of diabetes mellitus.diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose level. it has become an epidemic disease in the 21st century where, india leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects. non-enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) is severe form of diabetes, occurs between reducing sugar and proteins which results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (ages) that leads to the other complicated secondary disorders. in this context, mangifera indica (m ...201424397983
ethnobotanical study of kani tribes in thoduhills of kerala, south india.india is having a rich vegetation with a wide variety of plants, because of the extreme variations in geographical and climatic conditions prevailing in the country. plants have been used since ancient times for the treatment of various ailments. especially, kani tribal communities in thodu hills of kerala meet their healthcare needs by using non-timber minor forest products and preparations based on traditional knowledge. they still depend on medicinal plants and most of them have a basic knowl ...201424393788
purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from jackfruit ( artocarpus heterophyllus ) bulbs.polyphenol oxidase (ppo) from jackfruit bulb was purified through acetone precipitation, ion-exchange column, and gel filtration column. ppo was a dimer with the molecular weight of 130 kda determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and gel filtration. the km was 8.3 and 18.2 mm using catechol and 4-methylcatechol as substrates, respectively. the optimum ph was 7.0 (catechol as the substrate) or 6.5 (4-methylcatechol as the substrate). the optimum temperat ...201324325285
development and characterization of microsatellite markers for morus spp. and assessment of their transferability to other closely related species.adoption of genomics based breeding has emerged as a promising approach for achieving comprehensive crop improvement. such an approach is more relevant in the case of perennial species like mulberry. however, unavailability of genomic resources of co-dominant marker systems has been the major constraint for adopting molecular breeding to achieve genetic enhancement of mulberry. the goal of this study was to develop and characterize a large number of locus specific genic and genomic ssr markers w ...201324289047
chemical, morphological and functional properties of brazilian jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus l.) seeds starch.starches used in food industry are extracted from roots, tubers and cereals. seeds of jackfruit are abundant and contain high amounts of starch. they are discarded during the fruit processing or consumption and can be an alternative source of starch. the starch was extract from the jackfruit seeds and characterised to chemical, morphological and functional properties. soft and hard jackfruit seeds showed starch content of 92.8% and 94.5%, respectively. starch granules showed round and bell shape ...201424054264
blends of jackfruit seed starch-pectin in the development of mucoadhesive beads containing metformin hcl.in this work, calcium pectinate-jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam.) seed starch (jfss) mucoadhesive beads containing metformin hcl were developed through ionotropic-gelation. effects of pectin and jfss amounts on drug encapsulation efficiency (dee), and cumulative drug release after 10 h (r10 h) were optimized using 3(2) factorial design. the optimized calcium pectinate-jfss beads containing metformin hcl showed dee of 94.11 ± 3.92%, r10 h of 48.88 ± 2.02%, and mean diameter of 2.06 ± 0.20 ...201323994792
crude dietary polysaccharide fraction isolated from jackfruit enhances immune system activity in mice.crude polysaccharides (pss) were isolated from the fruit pulp of jackfruit, and their chemical composition determined and evaluated for an immune regulatory activity in mice. the pss were isolated from water extracts of jackfruit pulp (jfp) using the ethanol precipitation method. the resulting precipitates were further purified by dialysis and protein depletion by the sevage method. the phenol-sulfuric method was used to determine the content of the pss. the composition of pss was determined by ...201323875906
formulation optimization and evaluation of jackfruit seed starch-alginate mucoadhesive beads of metformin hcl.the present study deals with the formulation optimization of jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam., family: moraceae) seed starch (jfss)-alginate mucoadhesive beads containing metformin hcl through ionotropic gelation using 3(2) factorial design. the effect of sodium alginate to jfss ratio and cacl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (dee, %), and cumulative drug release at 10h (r10h, %) was optimized. the optimized beads containing metformin hcl showed dee of 97.48±3.92%, r10 ...201323628586
quality of diversified value addition from some minor fruits.diversified value added products like palm spread, palm toffee, palm burfi, passion-mango blended squash, passion rind pickle, passion rind candy, blended jamun nectar and jack-passion spread from various minor fruits including palmyra palm (borassus flabellifer l), passion fruit (passiflora edulis sims), jamun (syzygium cumini rom) and jackfruit (artocarpus heterophyllus lam) were developed and their quality assessed. among these two products viz. passion-mango blended squash and palm spread we ...201123572816
new phenolic compounds from the twigs of artocarpus heterophyllus.two new chalcones, artocarpusins a and b (1 and 2), one new flavone, artocarpusin c (3), one new 2-arylbenzofuran derivative, artocarstilene a (4), and 15 flavonoids were isolated from the twigs of artocarpus heterophyllus. their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. compounds 9 and 16 showed moderate inhibitory activity on the proliferation of the pc-3 and h460 cell lines.201323524940
development, optimization and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of pioglitazone- loaded jackfruit seed starch-alginate beads.the present investigation describes development and optimization of pioglitazone-loaded jackfruit seed starch (jfss)-alginate beads by ionotropic-gelation using 3(2) factorial design. the effect of polymer-blend ratio and cacl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (dee, %), and cumulative drug release after 10 hours (r10h, %) was optimized. the dee (%) of these beads were 64.80 ± 1.92 to 94.07 ± 3.82 % with sustained in vitro drug release of 64.± 1.83 to 92.66 ± 4.54 % over 10 hour ...201323360248
the immunomodulatory effect of plant lectins: a review with emphasis on artinm properties.advances in the glycobiology and immunology fields have provided many insights into the role of carbohydrate-protein interactions in the immune system. we aim to present a comprehensive review of the effects that some plant lectins exert as immunomodulatory agents, showing that they are able to positively modify the immune response to certain pathological conditions, such as cancer and infections. the present review comprises four main themes: (1) an overview of plant lectins that exert immunomo ...201323299509
estimation of the uncertainties of extraction and clean-up steps in pesticide residue analysis of plant commodities.extraction and clean-up constitute important steps in pesticide residue analysis. for the correct interpretation of analytical results, uncertainties of extraction and clean-up steps should be taken into account when the combined uncertainty of the analytical result is estimated. in the scope of this study, uncertainties of extraction and clean-up steps were investigated by spiking (14)c-labelled chlorpyrifos to analytical portions of tomato, orange, apple, green bean, cucumber, jackfruit, papay ...201323216411
isolation and characterization of jackfruit mucilage and its comparative evaluation as a mucoadhesive and controlled release component in buccal tablets.the purpose of the present research work was to extract jackfruit mucilage, use it as a mucoadhesive agent, and to develop extended release buccoadhesive tablets with an intention to avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism, by enhancing residence time in the buccal cavity.201223119234
tyrosinase inhibitors from the wood of artocarpus heterophyllus.from the methanolic-soluble extract of the wood of artocarpus heterophyllus, four new flavones, artocarmins a-d (1-4), and three new chalcones, artocarmitins a-c (5-7), have been isolated together with 13 known compounds. their structures were determined on the basis of the spectroscopic data. compounds 1-4, 6, 7, 9-16, and 20 displayed significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity. the most active compound, morachalcone a (12) (ic50, 0.013 μm), was 3000 times more active as a tyrosinase inhibitor ...201223113717
development of starch-gelatin complex microspheres as sustained release delivery system.the starch was isolated from jackfruit seeds and evaluated for its preformulation properties, like tapped density, bulk density, and particle size. the fourier transform infrared (ftir) analysis was done and compared with that of the commercially available starch which confirmed the properties. using the various concentrations of jackfruit seed starch, the microspheres were prepared, combining with gelatin by ionotropic gelation technique. the developed microspheres were subjected to analysis of ...201223057005
uncertainty of the sample size reduction step in pesticide residue analysis of large-sized crops.to estimate the uncertainty of the sample size reduction step, each unit in laboratory samples of papaya and cucumber was cut into four segments in longitudinal directions and two opposite segments were selected for further homogenisation while the other two were discarded. jackfruit was cut into six segments in longitudinal directions, and all segments were kept for further analysis. to determine the pesticide residue concentrations in each segment, they were individually homogenised and analys ...201323039817
artinm offers new perspectives in the development of antifungal therapy.the thermally dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), the most frequent systemic mycosis that affects the rural populations in latin america. despite significant developments in antifungal chemotherapy, its efficacy remains limited since drug therapy is prolonged and associated with toxic side effects and relapses. in response to these challenges, it is now recognized that several aspects of antifungal immunity can be modulated to be ...201222715337
distinctive exotic flavor and aroma compounds of some exotic tropical fruits and berries: a review.the characteristic flavor of exotic tropical fruits is one of their most attractive attributes to consumers. in this article, the enormous diversity of exotic fruit flavors is reviewed. classifying some of the exotic fruits into two classes on the basis of whether esters or terpenes predominate in the aroma was also attempted. indeed, as far as exotic tropical fruits are concerned, the majority of fruits have terpenes predominating in their aroma profile. some of the fruits in this group are the ...201222591343
a novel serine protease with human fibrino(geno)lytic activities from artocarpus heterophyllus latex.a protease was isolated and purified from artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) latex and designated as a 48-kda antimicrobial protease (amp48) in a previous publication. in this work, the enzyme was characterized for more biochemical and medicinal properties. enzyme activity of amp48 was strongly inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and soybean trypsin inhibitor, indicating that the enzyme was a plant serine protease. the n-terminal amino acid sequences (a-q-e-g-g-k-d-d-d-g-g) of amp48 ha ...201222579962
wound healing properties of artocarpus heterophyllus lam.the studies on excision wound healing model reveals significant wound healing activity of the methanolic leaf extract (simple ointment 5%) of "artocarpus heterophyllus" ham which is comparable with standard (betadine). in the excision model, the period of epithelization, of the extract treated group was found to be higher than the controlgroup and slightly lesser than standard treated group of animals on the up to 16(th) post wounding day.200922557331
flow injection assessment of nitrate contents in fresh and cooked fruits and vegetables grown in fiji.nitrates form part of the essential chemistry of soils and plants. thus, plant roots are able to absorb nitrate directly from the soil. it has been discovered that human nitrate intake is mainly from vegetables. vegetables play an important role in human nutrition since they are an outstanding source for vitamins, minerals, and biologically active compounds. in risk assessment of nitrate contents, this study reports the nitrate levels of 8 commonly consumed fruits and vegetables grown in fiji, t ...201122417577
potential of jackfruit peel as precursor for activated carbon prepared by microwave induced naoh activation.the feasibility of preparing activated carbon (jpac) from jackfruit peel, an industrial residue abundantly available from food manufacturing plants via microwave-assisted naoh activation was explored. the influences of chemical impregnation ratio, microwave power and radiation time on the properties of activated carbon were investigated. jpac was examined by pore structural analysis, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, elemental an ...201222414577
antimicrobial activity of a 48-kda protease (amp48) from artocarpus heterophyllus latex.artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) is a latex producing plant. plant latex is produced from secretory cells and contains many intergradients. it also has been used in folk medicine. this study aimed to purify and characterize the biological activities of a protease from jackfruit latex.201222338560
batch and continuous (fixed-bed column) biosorption of crystal violet by artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) leaf powder.in this study, batch and fixed-bed column experiments were performed to investigate the biosorption potential of artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) leaf powder (jlp) to remove crystal violet (cv) from aqueous solutions. batch biosorption studies were carried out as a function of solution ph, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature. the biosorption equilibrium data showed excellent fit to the langmuir isotherm model with maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of 43.39 mg g(-1) a ...201222221460
purification and characterization of a heteromultimeric glycoprotein from artocarpus heterophyllus latex with an inhibitory effect on human blood coagulation.plant latex has many health benefits and has been used in folk medicine. in this study, the biological effect of artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) latex on human blood coagulation was investigated. by a combination of heat precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, a heat stable heteromultimeric glycoprotein (hsgpl1) was purified from jackfruit milky latex. the apparent molecular masses of the monomeric proteins on sds/page were 33, 31 and 29 kda. the isoelectric points (pis) of the monom ...201122132372
The Recognition of N-Glycans by the Lectin ArtinM Mediates Cell Death of a Human Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line.ArtinM, a d-mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit), interacts with N-glycosylated receptors on the surface of several cells of hematopoietic origin, triggering cell migration, degranulation, and cytokine release. Because malignant transformation is often associated with altered expression of cell surface glycans, we evaluated the interaction of ArtinM with human myelocytic leukemia cells and investigated cellular responses to lectin binding. The intensity of ArtinM bind ...201122132163
Biotransformation of pineapple juice sugars into dietetic derivatives by using a cell free oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis together with commercial invertase.An easy procedure for cell free biotransformation of pineapple juice sugars into dietetic derivatives was accomplished using a commercial invertase and an oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis. First, pineapple juice sucrose was quantitatively converted into glucose and fructose by invertase, thus increasing the concentration of each monosaccharide in the original juice to almost twice. In a second step, glucose-fructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) transformed glucose into gluconolactone, and fructose ...201122112775
[optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from leaves of the artocarpus heterophyllus by response surface methodology].to investigate the ultrasonic-assisted extract on of total flavonoids from leaves of the artocarpus heterophyllus.201122066410
artinm, a d-mannose-binding lectin from artocarpus integrifolia, plays a potent adjuvant and immunostimulatory role in immunization against neospora caninum.artinm and jacalin (jac) are lectins from the jackfruit (artocarpus integrifolia) that have important role in modulation of immune responses to pathogens. neospora caninum is an apicomplexa parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and reproductive disorders in cattle, with economic impact on the livestock industry. hence, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of artinm and jac in immunization of mice against neosporosis. six c57bl/6 mouse groups were subcutaneously immunized three times at ...201122001880
jacalin interaction with human immunoglobulin a1 and bovine immunoglobulin g1: affinity constant determined by piezoelectric biosensoring.the affinity of the d-galactose binding lectin from artocarpus heterophyllus lectin, known as jacalin, with immonuglobulins was determined by biofunctionalization of piezoelectric transducer. this piezoelectric biofunctionalized transducer was used as mass-sensitive analytical tool, allowing the real-time binding analysis of jacalin-human iga(1) and jacalin-bovine igg(1) interactions from which the apparent affinity constant was calculated.the strategy was centered in immobilizing jacalin on the ...201121964726
preparation of cross-linked carboxymethyl jackfruit starch and evaluation as a tablet disintegrant.the main purposes of this study are to prepare cross-linked carboxymethyl jackfruit starch (cl-cmjf) and to evaluate its pharmaceutical property as a tablet disintegrant. cl-cmjf was prepared by a dual carboxymethyl-crosslinking reaction in a flask containing jackfruit seed starch (jfs), chloroacetic acid (caa), sodium hydroxide (naoh) and sodium trimetaphosphate (stmp). the reaction was carried out using methanol as a solvent for 60 min at 70°c and at jfs:caa:naoh:stmp ratio of 1.0:0.29:0.28:0. ...201121959799
ZG16p, an animal homologue of {beta}-prism fold plant lectins, interacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans in pancreatic zymogen granules.ZG16p is a soluble 16-kDa pancreatic protein having structural similarities to plant ß-prism fold lectins such as the banana lectin BanLec and the jack fruit lectin jacalin. ZG16p is postulated to be involved in the formation of zymogen granules by interacting with proteoglycans localized in pancreatic exocrine granule membranes, but direct evidence was lacking. We characterized the structural properties of rat pancreatic zymogen granule proteoglycans and examined their interaction with ZG16p. S ...201121948871
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