Publications

comparative genomic analyses of transport proteins encoded within the red algae chondrus crispus, galdieria sulphuraria and cyanidioschyzon merolae.	galdieria sulphuraria and cyanidioschyzon merolae are thermo-acidophilic unicellular red algal cousins capable of living in volcanic environments, although the former can additionally thrive in the presence of toxic heavy metals. bioinformatic analyses of transport systems were carried out on their genomes, as well as that of the mesophilic multicellular red alga chondrus crispus (irish moss). we identified transport proteins related to the metabolic capabilities, physiological properties, and e ...	2017	28328149
distribution of carbonic anhydrase in british marine macroalgae.	thirty-four species of marine macroalgae from around st. andrews, scotland, have been assayed for their external activity and thirty-three species for their total activity of carbonic anhydrase. activity was detected in all the rhodophyta tested apart from chondrus crispus, but was absent in codium fragile, enteromorpha sp. and monostroma fuscum (chlorophyta), and alaria esculenta, laminaria digitata, l. saccharina and l. hyperborea (phaeophyta). total activity of carbonic anhydrase per unit fre ...	1989	28312650
components of predation intensity in the low zone of the new england rocky intertidal region.	predation intensity often increases along local gradients of decreasing environmental rigor. assuming factors such as productivity and heterogeneity do not change along such gradients, potential factors responsible for this pattern include: (1) increased effectiveness per individual predator, (2) increased numbers of individual predators, (3) increased numbers of predator species of the same general morphological attributes, and (4) increased numbers of predator species of different general morp ...	1983	28310571
evaluation of the anticoagulant potential of polysaccharide-rich fractions extracted from macroalgae.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anticoagulant activity of sulphated polysaccharide-containing extracts of six french edible marine macroalgae. aqueous extracts of brown (himanthalia elongata, laminaria digitata, ascophyllum nodosum, fucus vesiculosus), green (ulva lactuca) and red (chondrus crispus) macroalgae were prepared and their biochemical properties were determined, including major biomolecules, sulphate and ash contents. the anticoagulant activity of each extract was ...	2017	28147712
epiphytic planctomycetes communities associated with three main groups of macroalgae.	planctomycetes, a unique group of widespread and understudied bacteria, are known to be associated with macroalgae. the temporal dynamics and the host-specific association of planctomycetal communities on fucus spiralis, ulva sp. and chondrus crispus from two locations in the north coast of portugal were assessed both by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with group-specific primers and 16s rdna amplicon libraries. the epiphytic planctomycetal communities showed a significant association wi ...	2017	28087803
differential toxic effects of ulva lactuca (chlorophyta) on the herbivorous gastropods, littorina littorea and l. obtusata (mollusca).	members of the genus ulva are widespread and abundant in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas but there are conflicting data regarding susceptibility to herbivory. while some studies have documented that ulva spp. were favored by a diversity of marine herbivores, other work has revealed herbivore deterrence. we investigated grazing and growth rates of the littorinid species, littorina littorea and l. obtusata, when offered fucus vesiculosus, ascophyllum nodosum, ulva lactuca, and chondrus crisp ...	2016	28028804
development of new efficient method for isolation of phenolics from sea algae prior to their rapid resolution liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination.	the extraction of phenolic compounds from 4 different sea algae samples, three brown algae (cystoseira abies-marina, c. abies-marina grinded under cryogenic conditions with liquid nitrogen, undaria pinnatifida and sargassum muticum) and one red algae (chondrus crispus) via solid phase extraction using micro-elution solid-phase extraction (μ-spe) plate method was studied. prior to μ-spe, 50mg of algae with 80% methanol mixture was extracted in hyphenated series by various extraction techniques, s ...	2017	28012309
dynamics of δ(15)n isotopic signatures of different intertidal macroalgal species: assessment of bioindicators of n sources in coastal areas.	δ(15)n of annual (ulva sp., porphyra sp.) and perennial intertidal seaweed species (chondrus crispus, fucus sp.) collected on 17 sampling points along the french coast of the english channel in 2012 and 2013 were assessed on their suitability as bioindicators of n pollution in coastal areas. a sine function applied for δ(15)n time series data showed for all the species the same seasonal trend with lowest δ(15)n values in april and highest in summer but with no significant interspecific differenc ...	2016	27349382
identification and characterization of mirnas in chondrus crispus by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.	chondrus crispus, an economically and medicinally important red alga, is a medicinally active substance and important for anti-tumor research. in this study, 117 c. crispus mirnas (108 conserved and 9 novel) were identified from 2,416,181 small-rna reads using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods. according to the blast search against the mirbase database, these mirnas belonged to 110 mirna families. sequence alignment combined with homology searching revealed both the conservat ...	2016	27193824
mutant swarms of a totivirus-like entities are present in the red macroalga chondrus crispus and have been partially transferred to the nuclear genome.	chondrus crispus stackhouse (gigartinales) is a red seaweed found on north atlantic rocky shores. electrophoresis of rna extracts showed a prominent band with a size of around 6,000 bp. sequencing of the band revealed several sequences with similarity to totiviruses, double-stranded rna viruses that normally infect fungi. this virus-like entity was named c. crispus virus (ccv). it should probably be regarded as an extreme viral quasispecies or a mutant swarm since low identity (<65%) was found b ...	2016	27151076
red seaweeds sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii and chondrus crispus down regulate virulence factors of salmonella enteritidis and induce immune responses in caenorhabditis elegans.	red seaweeds are a rich source of unique bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites that are known to improve human and animal health. s. enteritidis is a broad range host pathogen, which contaminates chicken and poultry products that end into the human food chain. worldwide, salmonella outbreaks have become an important economic and public health concern. moreover, the development of resistance in salmonella serovars toward multiple drugs highlights the need for alternative control strategie ...	2016	27065981
selection of yeast strains for bioethanol production from uk seaweeds.	macroalgae (seaweeds) are a promising feedstock for the production of third generation bioethanol, since they have high carbohydrate contents, contain little or no lignin and are available in abundance. however, seaweeds typically contain a more diverse array of monomeric sugars than are commonly present in feedstocks derived from lignocellulosic material which are currently used for bioethanol production. hence, identification of a suitable fermentative microorganism that can utilise the princi ...	2017	27057090
genetic population structure and mating system in chondrus crispus (rhodophyta)(1).	chondrus crispus stackh. has been intensely studied, yet no study to date has elucidated its population structure or mating system despite many populations in which there was a haploid bias and lack of male gametophytes. therefore, 12 nuclear microsatellite loci were identified in this red alga. microsatellite markers were developed and tested against a panel of specimens collected from two shore levels at two sites in brittany, france: pointe de primel and pointe de la jument, concarneau. singl ...	2011	27021973
a molecular phylogeny of acrochaete and other endophytic green algae (ulvales, chlorophyta)(1).	a molecular phylogeny was reconstructed from a culture collection of >150 isolates of epi-endophytic and endophytic green algae, based on nucleotide sequences of the plastid tufa and nuclear its2 loci. the cultures were isolated from a variety of algal hosts, notably the red algae chondrus crispus, mastocarpus stellatus, and osmundea species, and the brown algae chorda filum and fucus serratus. the phylogeny revealed that in the ulvales the majority of isolates fell into acrochaete (ulvellaceae) ...	2012	27009012
different speciation for bromine in brown and red algae, revealed by in vivo x-ray absorption spectroscopic studies.	members of various algal lineages are known to be strong producers of atmospherically relevant halogen emissions, that is a consequence of their capability to store and metabolize halogens. this study uses a noninvasive, synchrotron-based technique, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, for addressing in vivo bromine speciation in the brown algae ectocarpus siliculosus, ascophyllum nodosum, and fucus serratus, the red algae gracilaria dura, g. gracilis, chondrus crispus, osmundea pinnatifida, asparagop ...	2014	26988449
hexose oxidase-mediated hydrogen peroxide as a mechanism for the antibacterial activity in the red seaweed ptilophora subcostata.	marine algae have unique defense strategies against microbial infection. however, their mechanisms of immunity remain to be elucidated and little is known about the similarity of the immune systems of marine algae and terrestrial higher plants. here, we suggest a possible mechanism underlying algal immunity, which involves hexose oxidase (hox)-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). we examined crude extracts from five different red algal species for their ability to prevent bacterial ...	2016	26867214
essential and toxic elements in seaweeds for human consumption.	essential elements (k, ca, p, s, cl, mn, fe, cu, zn, ni, br, and i) and nonessential or toxic elements (al, ti, si, rb, sr, as, cd, sn, and pb) were determined by energy-dispersive polarized x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in 14 seaweeds purchased in local specialty stores in italy and consumed by humans. the differences in elements between the algae species reached up to 2-4 orders of magnitude. lithothamnium calcareum showed the highest levels of ca, al, si, fe, and ti. palmaria palmata showed ...	2016	26817952
antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid profiles of wild-harvested and cultivated edible canadian marine red macroalgae.	antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid (maa) profiles of methanol extracts from edible wild-harvested (chondrus crispus, mastocarpus stellatus, palmaria palmata) and cultivated (c. crispus) marine red macroalgae were studied herein. palythine, asterina-330, shinorine, palythinol, porphyra-334 and usujirene maas were identified in the macroalgal extracts by lc/ms/ms. extract reducing activity rankings were (p < 0.001): wild p. palmata > cultivated c. crispus ...	2016	26805798
carrageenan-induced inflammation promotes ros generation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in a mouse model of peritonitis.	neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) are a combination of dna fibers and granular proteins, such as neutrophil elastase (ne). nets are released in the extracellular space in response to different stimuli. carrageenan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from chondrus crispus, a marine algae, used for decades in research for its potential to induce inflammation in different animal models. in this study, we show for the first time that carrageenan injection can induce net release in a mouse mod ...	2016	26786873
phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans extracted from ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and chondrus crispus.	nacl and kcl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (ki) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. ki were extracted from ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (k) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (i), and 78 mol% of k and 22 mol% of i, respectively. phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial k and i (k+i) showing ...	2016	26572375
an evaluation of the toxicity and bioaccumulation of bismuth in the coastal environment using three species of macroalga.	bismuth is a heavy metal whose biogeochemical behaviour in the marine environment is poorly defined. in this study, we exposed three different species of macroalga (the chlorophyte, ulva lactuca, the phaeophyte, fucus vesiculosus, and the rhodophyte, chondrus crispus) to different concentrations of bi (up to 50 μg l(-1)) under controlled, laboratory conditions. after a period of 48-h, the phytotoxicity of bi was measured in terms of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, and adsorption and internal ...	2016	26552530
a cultivated form of a red seaweed (chondrus crispus), suppresses β-amyloid-induced paralysis in caenorhabditis elegans.	we report here the protective effects of a methanol extract from a cultivated strain of the red seaweed, chondrus crispus, against β-amyloid-induced toxicity, in a transgenic caenorhabditis elegans, expressing human aβ1-42 gene. the methanol extract of c. crispus (cce), delayed β-amyloid-induced paralysis, whereas the water extract (ccw) was not effective. the cce treatment did not affect the transcript abundance of amy1; however, western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease of aβ speci ...	2015	26492254
the anti-inflammatory effect of algae-derived lipid extracts on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated human thp-1 macrophages.	algae contain a number of anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 pufa) and chlorophyll a, hence as dietary ingredients, their extracts may be effective in chronic inflammation-linked metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. in this study, anti-inflammatory potential of lipid extracts from three red seaweeds (porphyra dioica, palmaria palmata and chondrus crispus) and one microalga (pavlova lutheri) were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (lps ...	2015	26308008
prebiotic effects of diet supplemented with the cultivated red seaweed chondrus crispus or with fructo-oligo-saccharide on host immunity, colonic microbiota and gut microbial metabolites.	gastrointestinal microbial communities are diverse and are composed of both beneficial and pathogenic groups. prebiotics, such as digestion-resistant fibers, influence the composition of gut microbiota, and can contribute to the improvement of host health. the red seaweed chondrus crispus is rich in dietary fiber and oligosaccharides, however its prebiotic potential has not been studied to date.	2015	26271359
structural colour in chondrus crispus.	the marine world is incredibly rich in brilliant and intense colours. photonic structures are found in many different species and provide extremely complex optical responses that cannot be achieved solely by pigments. in this study we examine the cuticular structure of the red alga chondrus crispus (irish moss) using anatomical and optical approaches. we experimentally measure the optical response of the multilayer structure in the cuticle. using finite-difference time-domain modelling, we demon ...	2015	26139470
neuroprotective effects of the cultivated chondrus crispus in a c. elegans model of parkinson's disease.	parkinson's disease (pd) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly people, currently with no cure. its mechanisms are not well understood, thus studies targeting cause-directed therapy or prevention are needed. this study uses the transgenic caenorhabditis elegans pd model. we demonstrated that dietary supplementation of the worms with an extract from the cultivated red seaweed chondrus crispus decreased the accumulation of α-synulein and protected the worms from the ne ...	2015	25874922
chlorophyta and rhodophyta macroalgae: a source of health promoting phytochemicals.	a detailed study of the lipophilic composition of codium tomentosum, ulva lactuca, gracilaria vermiculophylla and chondrus crispus macroalgae cultivated in the portuguese coast was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after alkaline hydrolysis. their long-chain aliphatic alcohols and monoglycerides compositions are reported for the first time. additionally, other new compounds were also identified: phytol and neophytadiene in c. tomentosum, u. lactuca and g. vermiculoph ...	2015	25863619
enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive material from chondrus crispus and codium fragile and its effect on herpes simplex virus (hsv-1).	codium fragile and chondrus crispus are, respectively, green and red seaweeds which are abundant along the north atlantic coasts. we investigated the chemical composition and antiviral activity of enzymatic extracts of c. fragile (cf) and c. crispus (cc). on a dry weight basis, cf consisted of 11% protein, 31% neutral sugars, 0.8% sulfate, 0.6% uronic acids, and 49% ash, while cc contained 27% protein, 28% neutral sugars, 17% sulfate, 1.8% uronic acids, and 25% ash. enzyme-assisted hydrolysis im ...	2015	25603348
chemical and mass spectrometry characterization of the red alga pyropia yezoensis chemoprotective protein (pyp): protective activity of the n-terminal fragment of pyp1 against acetaminophen-induced cell death in chang liver cells.	in the present study, the chemical structure and chemoprotective activity of pyropia yezoensis protein (pyp) were investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, automated protein sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-quadrupole ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a chemoprotective assay using a synthetic peptide. the pyp fraction was demonstrated to contain two proteins: pyp1 (10 kda, sds-resistant dimer) and pyp2 (10 kda). pyp1 is ...	2015	25374159
feed supplementation with red seaweeds, chondrus crispus and sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of red seaweed supplementation to standard poultry diets on production performance, egg quality, intestinal histology, and cecal short-chain fatty acids in lohmann brown classic laying hens. a total of 160 birds were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups. control hens were fed a basal layer diet; positive control hens were fed a diet containing 2% inulin; and 6 treatment groups were fed a diet containing one of the following; 0. ...	2014	25352682
o father where art thou? paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid-diploid seaweed chondrus crispus.	the link between life history traits and mating systems in diploid organisms has been extensively addressed in the literature, whereas the degree of selfing and/or inbreeding in natural populations of haploid-diploid organisms, in which haploid gametophytes alternate with diploid sporophytes, has been rarely measured. dioecy has often been used as a proxy for the mating system in these organisms. yet, dioecy does not prevent the fusion of gametes from male and female gametophytes originating fro ...	2015	25227258
seaweeds and plastic debris can influence the survival of faecal indicator organisms in beach environments.	the revised bathing water directive (rbwd) introduces more stringent standards for microbial water quality and promotes more pro-active management of the beach environment through the production of a bathing water profile (bwp). the aim of this study was to determine whether living seaweeds in the littoral zone are colonised by faecal indicator organisms (fios), and to quantify the survival dynamics of waterborne escherichia coli in microcosms containing senescing seaweeds. living seaweed (fucus ...	2014	24878304
carrageenan: a natural seaweed polysaccharide and its applications.	polysaccharides have been gaining interesting and valuable applications in the food and pharmaceutical fields. as they are derived from the natural source, they are easily available, non-toxic, cheap, biodegradable and biocompatible. carrageenan is one among them, which fulfills the criteria of polysaccharide; it is a natural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) obtained from edible red seaweeds. the name carrageenan is derived from the chondrus crispus species of seaweed (rhodophyceace) known as carra ...	2014	24708958
rt-qpcr normalization genes in the red alga chondrus crispus.	chondrus crispus is a common red macroalga living on the rocky shores of the north atlantic ocean. it has a long research history, being a major source of carrageenan, a thickener widely used in the food industry, but also for physiological and ecological studies. to establish it as a model for red algae, its genome has been sequenced, allowing the development of molecular tools such as quantification of gene expression, including rnaseq and rt-qpcr. to determine appropriate genes for rt-qpcr no ...	2014	24498277
carrageenans in the gametophytic and sporophytic stages of chondrus crispus.	the morphologically similar sporophytic and gametophytic plants of chondrus crispus stackhouse were examined and it was shown that the former contain λ-carrageenan. the gametophytes contain ϰ- and two additional carrageenans which are kcl-soluble and may comprise up to 25% of the total carrageenan. after alkaline modification, these kcl-soluble components were separated into a gel and a soluble carrageenan. the gel was indistinguishable from ϰ-carrageenan and presumably was derived from μ-carrag ...	1973	24468729
on the nature of the oxygen uptake in the light by chondrus crispus. effects of inhibitors, temperature and light intensity.	the nature of the different processes of o2 uptake involved in the light in the red macroalga chondrus crispus stackhouse (rhodophyta, gigartinales) was investigated. at limiting co2, inh (2.5 mm) did not alter the o2 uptake rate. glycolate was not excreted and did not accumulate within the cells. kcn reduced the rate of o2 uptake in the light by 76% at limiting co2 and by 43% at saturating co2, but caused > 95% inhibition of o2 evolution. dcmu (5 μm) totally blocked the photosynthetic electron ...	1987	24435462
intertidal population genetic dynamics at a microgeographic seascape scale.	the intertidal community is among the most physically harsh niches on earth, with highly heterogeneous environmental and biological factors that impose strong habitat selection on population abundance, genetic connectivity and ecological adaptation of organisms in nature. however, most genetic studies to date have concentrated on the influence of basin-wide or regional marine environments (e.g. habitat discontinuities, oceanic currents and fronts, and geographic barriers) on spatiotemporal distr ...	2013	24433569
population studies and carrageenan properties in eight gigartinales (rhodophyta) from western coast of portugal.	eight carrageenophytes, representing seven genera and three families of gigartinales (florideophyceae), were studied for 15 months. the reproductive status, dry weight, and carrageenan content have been followed by a monthly random sampling. the highest carrageenan yields were found in chondracanthus acicularis (61.1%), gigartina pistillata (59.7%), and chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus (58.0%). species of cystocloniaceae family produces predominantly iota-carrageenans; gigartinaceae family ...	2013	24288514
community composition of the planctomycetes associated with different macroalgae.	insights into the diversity of marine natural microbial biofilms, as for example those developing at the surface of marine macroalgae, can be obtained by using molecular techniques based on 16s rrna genes. we applied denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) with 16s rrna genes-specific primers for planctomycetes to compare the communities of these organisms developing on six different macroalgae (chondrus crispus, fucus spiralis, mastocarpus stellatus, porphyra dioica, sargassum muticum, a ...	2014	24266389
protoplast production in chondrus crispus gametophytes (gigartinales, rhodophyta).	protoplasts were isolated from female gametophytes of chondrus crispus (stackh.) using commercial cellulase and various carrageenases prepared from marine bacteria. depending on the nature of the donor tissue (apices or whole thallus, wild or cultivated strains), yields ranged from 1.0-8.5×10(8) protoplasts per gram of fresh tissue. preincubating the tissue with a potassium chelator, kryptofix 222, enhanced protoplast yields by 30-50 %. based on staining with fluorescein diacetate most protoplas ...	1990	24232676
dark respiration in the marine macroalga chondrus crispus (rhodophyceae).	dark respiration in the red macroalga chondrus crispus was studied under a variety of conditions. the components of respiration were examined using selective inhibitors in order to characterise pathways of respiration and examine regulation of respiration in marine macroalgae.in comparison to respiration rates generally reported for higher-plant leaves and roots, the steady-state rate of o2 consumption by this alga, after 30 min dark pretreatment, was found to be quite low (three- to sixfold low ...	1986	24232031
anti-biofilm performance of three natural products against initial bacterial attachment.	marine bacteria contribute significantly towards the fouling consortium, both directly (modern foul release coatings fail to prevent "slime" attachment) and indirectly (biofilms often excrete chemical cues that attract macrofouling settlement). this study assessed the natural product anti-biofilm performance of an extract of the seaweed, chondrus crispus, and two isolated compounds from terrestrial sources, (+)-usnic acid and juglone, against two marine biofilm forming bacteria, cobetia marina a ...	2013	24192819
components of the cultivated red seaweed chondrus crispus enhance the immune response of caenorhabditis elegans to pseudomonas aeruginosa through the pmk-1, daf-2/daf-16, and skn-1 pathways.	marine macroalgae are rich in bioactive compounds that can, when consumed, impart beneficial effects on animal and human health. the red seaweed chondrus crispus has been reported to have a wide range of health-promoting activities, such as antitumor and antiviral activities. using a caenorhabditis elegans infection model, we show that c. crispus water extract (ccwe) enhances host immunity and suppresses the expression of quorum sensing (qs) and the virulence factors of pseudomonas aeruginosa (s ...	2013	24056462
complete mitochondrial genome of the marine red alga grateloupia angusta (halymeniales).	the first complete mitochondrial genome (27,943 bp) of the halymenialean red alga, grateloupia angusta, was sequenced. the circular mitogenome contains 47 genes, including 26 protein-coding, 19 trna and 2 rrna genes. the rps3 and rpl16 genes are overlapped by 7 bp. the majority of protein-coding genes (17 of 26 genes) use typical atg start codon, however, 9 genes use alternative start codons such as att, aat, tta and ttg. the g. angusta mitogenome shows a significant difference to that of chondr ...	2014	23789773
photosynthesis in chondrus crispus: the contribution of energy spill-over in the regulation of excitonic flux.	chondrus crispus is a species of red algae that grows on rocks from the middle intertidal into the subtidal zones of the north atlantic coasts. as such, it has to cope with strongly variable abiotic conditions. here we studied the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of this red alga to illumination. we found that, as previously described in the case of the unicellular alga rhodella violacea (e. delphin et al., plant physiol. 118 (1998) 103-113), a single multi-turnover saturating pulse of l ...	2013	23624348
genome structure and metabolic features in the red seaweed chondrus crispus shed light on evolution of the archaeplastida.	red seaweeds are key components of coastal ecosystems and are economically important as food and as a source of gelling agents, but their genes and genomes have received little attention. here we report the sequencing of the 105-mbp genome of the florideophyte chondrus crispus (irish moss) and the annotation of the 9,606 genes. the genome features an unusual structure characterized by gene-dense regions surrounded by repeat-rich regions dominated by transposable elements. despite its fairly larg ...	2013	23503846
intergametophytic selfing and microgeographic genetic structure shape populations of the intertidal red seaweed chondrus crispus.	understanding how abiotic factors influence the spatial distribution of genetic variation provides insight into microevolutionary processes. the intertidal seascape is characterized by highly heterogeneous habitats which probably influence the partitioning of genetic variation at very small scales. the effects of tidal height on genetic variation in both the haploid (gametophytes) and diploid (tetrasporophytes) stages of the red alga chondrus crispus were studied. fronds were sampled every 25 cm ...	2013	23294351
geographic variation in feeding preference of a generalist herbivore: the importance of seaweed chemical defenses.	the ecological impacts of generalist herbivores depend on feeding preferences, which can vary across and within herbivore species. among mesoherbivores, geographic variation in host use can occur because host plants have a more restricted geographic distribution than does the herbivore, or there is local evolution in host preference, or both. we tested the role of local evolution using the marine amphipod ampithoe longimana by rearing multiple amphipod populations from three regions (subtropical ...	2013	23263529
a physicochemical study of al(+3) interactions with edible seaweed biomass in acidic waters.	in this article, a study of the al(+3) interactions in acidic waters with biomass of different edible seaweeds: brown (fucus vesiculosus, saccorhiza polyschides), red (mastocarpus stellatus, gelidium sesquipedale, chondrus crispus), and green (ulva rigida, codium tomentosum), has been performed. the influence of both, the initial concentration of metal and the solution ph, on the al-uptake capacity of the biomass has been analyzed. from preliminary tests, species fucus vesiculosus and gelidium s ...	2012	22900947
application of mass spectrometric techniques for the trace analysis of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by seaweed.	knowledge of the composition and emission rates of iodine-containing volatiles from major widespread seaweed species is important for modeling the impact of halogens on gas-phase atmospheric chemistry, new particle formation, and climate. in this work, we present the application of mass spectrometric techniques for the quantification of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by eight different seaweeds from the intertidal zone of helgoland, germany. a previously developed online time-of ...	2012	22227744
Determination of Water-Soluble Arsenic Compounds in Commercial Edible Seaweed by LC-ICPMS.	This paper reports arsenic speciation in edible seaweed (from the Galician coast, northwestern Spain) produced for human consumption. Chondrus crispus , Porphyra purpurea , Ulva rigida , Laminaria ochroleuca , Laminaria saccharina , and Undaria pinnatifida were analyzed. The study focused on arsenosugars, the most frequently occurring arsenic species in algae. As(III) and As(V) were also determined in aqueous extracts. Total arsenic in the samples was determined by microwave digestion and ...	2011	22082352
polyunsaturated fatty acids in various macroalgal species from north atlantic and tropical seas.	in this study the efficacy of using marine macroalgae as a source for polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are associated with the prevention of inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders, was investigated.	2011	21696609
unique genetic variation at a species' rear edge is under threat from global climate change.	global climate change is having a significant effect on the distributions of a wide variety of species, causing both range shifts and population extinctions. to date, however, no consensus has emerged on how these processes will affect the range-wide genetic diversity of impacted species. it has been suggested that species that recolonized from low-latitude refugia might harbour high levels of genetic variation in rear-edge populations, and that loss of these populations could cause a disproport ...	2012	21593035
post-pleistocene demographic history of the north atlantic endemic irish moss chondrus crispus: glacial survival, spatial expansion and gene flow.	range expansions and gene flow as micro-evolutionary processes played a leading role in the population demographic history of marine organisms. herein, we sequenced partial mtdna cox1 gene from 26 assigned geographical populations to understand how irish moss (chondrus crispus) responded to severe climatic oscillations during the pleistocene glaciations and contemporary forces such as gene flow. phylogeographic patterns indicated that haplotype frequency distributions were strongly skewed, with ...	2011	21175909
chlorophyll-binding proteins revisited--a multigenic family of light-harvesting and stress proteins from a brown algal perspective.	chlorophyll-binding proteins (cbps) constitute a large family of proteins with diverse functions in both light-harvesting and photoprotection. the evolution of cbps has been debated, especially with respect to the origin of the li818 subfamily, members of which function in non-photochemical quenching and have been found in chlorophyll a/c-containing algae and several organisms of the green lineage, but not in red algae so far. the recent publication of the ectocarpus siliculosus genome represent ...	2010	21110855
2-keto-d-gluconic acid in the polysaccharide of irish moss.		1946	21064272
a method of measuring the stabilizing power of extracts of irish moss.		1946	21015724
the effect of solvent and temperature on the viscosity of the polysaccharide or irish moss and the effect of solvent on its initial gelation.		1946	21015723
2-keto-d-gluconic acid in the polysaccharide of irish moss.		1946	20989466
the cyclization of the 3,6-anhydro-galactose ring of iota-carrageenan is catalyzed by two d-galactose-2,6-sulfurylases in the red alga chondrus crispus.	carrageenans are sulfated galactans found in the cell walls of numerous red seaweeds (rhodophyta). they are classified according to the number and the position of sulfate ester groups and the occurrence of 3,6-anhydro-galactose. although the carrageenan biosynthesis pathway is not fully understood, it is usually accepted that the last step consists of the formation of a 3,6-anhydro ring found in kappa- and iota-carrageenans through the enzymatic conversion of d-galactose-6-sulfate or d-galactose ...	2009	19734263
postharvest culture in the dark: an eco-friendly alternative to alkali treatment for enhancing the gel quality of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan from chondrus crispus (gigartinales, rhodophyta).	after harvesting from natural stocks, female gametophytes of the red seaweed chondrus crispus were cultured for several days under a light-deprived regime in order to determine if dark treatment can improve the gel quality of carrageenan extracted from the seaweed. an increase in the gel strength of native carrageenan was observed after dark treatment for 10d, but not after 5d, as compared to that of freshly harvested (baseline) seaweed. corresponding decrease in sulfate and increase in 3,6-anhy ...	2009	19138513
effect of processing and storage on the quality of gelose from irish moss (chondrus crispus).		1948	18916788
tracing back efl gene evolution in the cryptomonads-haptophytes assemblage: separate origins of efl genes in haptophytes, photosynthetic cryptomonads, and goniomonads.	a recently identified gtpase, elongation factor-like (efl) protein is proposed to bear the principal functions of translation elongation factor 1alpha (ef-1alpha). pioneering studies of ef-1alpha/efl evolution have revealed the phylogenetically scattered distribution of efl amongst eukaryotes, suggesting frequent eukaryote-to-eukaryote efl gene transfer events and subsequent replacements of ef-1alpha functions by efl. we here determined/identified seven new efl sequences of the photosynthetic cr ...	2009	18585873
new members of the glutathione transferase family discovered in red and brown algae.	the gsts (glutathione transferases) are involved in the detoxification of a wide variety of hydrophobic substrates. these enzymes have been found in virtually all types of organisms, including plants, animals, nematodes and bacteria. in the present study, we report the molecular and biochemical characterization of algal gsts. phylogenetic analysis showed that most of them were distinct from previously described gst classes, but were most closely related to the sigma class. profiling of gst genes ...	2008	18315526
analysis of expressed sequence tags from the red alga griffithsia okiensis.	red algae are distributed globally, and the group contains several commercially important species. griffithsia okiensis is one of the most extensively studied red algal species. in this study, we conducted expressed sequence tag (ests) analysis and synonymous codon usage analysis using cultured g. okiensis samples. a total of 1,104 cdna clones were sequenced using a cdna library made from samples collected from dolsan island, on the southern coast of korea. the clustering analysis of these seque ...	2007	18176538
composition and distribution of carrabiose moieties in hybrid kappa-/iota-carrageenans using carrageenases.	hybrid kappa/iota-carrageeans extracted from gigartina skottsbergii, chondracanthus chamissoï, and chondrus crispus were incubated with pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora kappa-carrageenase and alteromonas fortis iota-carrageenase. the degradation products as well as the resistant fraction were fully characterized by chromatography, nmr, and mass spectrometry. the low percentage of degradation observed after treatment by the iota-carrageenase suggests that long segments of iota-carrabiose or block ...	2008	18081251
response of the transcriptome of the intertidal red seaweed chondrus crispus to controlled and natural stresses.	intertidal seaweeds inhabit an inherently stressful environment with rapidly changing physical conditions with the turning tides. many macroalgae are therefore very resistant to abiotic stress; however, the bases for this tolerance and the relative importance of different stressors are largely unknown. here, the effects of stress on the transcriptome of the red seaweed chondrus crispus were investigated using cdna microarrays. the responses were studied after exposure to high light, high tempera ...	2007	17803640
sensitivity of the early life stages of macroalgae from the northern hemisphere to ultraviolet radiation.	the reproductive cells of macroalgae are regarded as the life history stages most susceptible to various environmental stresses, including uv radiation (uvr). uvr is proposed to determine the upper depth distribution limit of macroalgae on the shore. these hypotheses were tested by uv-exposure experiments, using spores and young thalli of the eulittoral rhodophyceae mastocarpus stellatus and chondrus crispus and various sublittoral brown macroalgae (phaeophyceae) with different depth distributio ...	2010	17645656
evidence for oxylipin synthesis and induction of a new polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroxylase activity in chondrus crispus in response to methyljasmonate.	signaling cascades involving oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) are known to operate in response to external stimuli. the marine red alga chondrus crispus uses both oxygenated derivatives of c18 (octadecanoids) and c20 (eicosanoids) pufas as developmental or defense hormones. the present study demonstrates that methyljasmonate (meja) triggers a cascade of oxidation of pufas leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins and other oxygenated fatty acids. as a re ...	2007	17428728
expression profiling of chondrus crispus (rhodophyta) after exposure to methyl jasmonate.	methyl jasmonate (meja) is a plant hormone important for the mediation of signals for developmental processes and defence reactions in higher plants. the effects of meja and the signalling pathways on other photosynthetic organism groups are largely unknown, even though meja may have very important roles. therefore the effects of meja in a red alga were studied. a medium-scale expression profiling approach to identify genes regulated by meja in the red seaweed chondrus crispus is described here. ...	2006	17043086
characterization of the flavin association in hexose oxidase from chondrus crispus.	hexose oxidase (ec 1.1.3.5) from hansenula polymorpha was found to exhibit a dual covalent association of fad with his79 via an 8 alpha-histidyl linkage as well as a covalent association between cys138 and c-6 of the isoalloxazine moiety of fad. spectral properties of the wild-type enzyme exhibited maxima at 364 nm and 437 nm as well as a distinct shoulder at 445 nm. an h79k mutant enzyme exhibited only one maximum at 437 nm. the difference absorption spectrum between an oxidized and a substrate ...	2006	16817897
seasonal variations in chondrus crispus.		1936	16746163
a note on the nitrogen of the polysaccharide complex from chondrus crispus.		1935	16745757
some properties of the polysaccharide complex extracted from a marine alga, chondrus crispus.		1934	16745459
on carrageen (chondrus crispus): the hydrolysis of carrageen mucilage.		1929	16744227
on carrageen (chondrus crispus). iii: the constitution of the cell wall.		1922	16743120
on carrageen (chondrus crispus). ii: on the occurrence of ethereal sulphates in the plant.		1921	16743011
mechanism of photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake by the red macroalga, chondrus crispus.	the aim of this study was to determine how chondrus crispus, a marine red macroalga, acquires the inorganic carbon (c(i)) it utilizes for photosynthetic carbon fixation. analyses of c(i) uptake were done using silicone oil centrifugation (using multicellular fragments of thallus), infrared gas analysis, and gas chromatography. inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (ca), the band 3 anion exchange protein and na(+)/k(+) exchange were used in the study. it was found that: (a) c. crispus does not accumul ...	1989	16666552
carbonic anhydrase-dependent inorganic carbon uptake by the red macroalga, chondrus crispus.	the rate of photosynthetic carbon uptake of chondrus crispus stack-house plants, at various co(2) concentrations and pretreated with carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitors, was determined using an air-suspension, differential infra-red gas analyzer technique. it was found that the ca inhibitors, acetazolamide, dextran-bound acetazolamide (dbi, which does not permeate cell membranes), and subtilisin (a protease that attacks the cell surface) inhibit photosynthetic carbon uptake in c. crispus. inhibit ...	1987	16665329
preferential photosynthetic uptake of exogenous hco(3) in the marine macroalga chondrus crispus.	the rate of hco(3) (-) uptake by the red macroalga chondrus crispus has been investigated. unbalanced concentrations of free co(2) and hco(3) (-), generated by the photosynthetic activity, were detected in steady state conditions by using an exchange column apparatus linked to an assimilation chamber. observing the variations of this gradient as influenced by the time of seawater transit from the assimilation chamber towards the column allowed an experimental determination of: (a) the actual gra ...	1986	16664721
continuous measurements of the free dissolved co(2) concentration during photosynthesis of marine plants: evidence for hco(3) use in chondrus crispus.	an experimental system consisting of a gas exchange column linked to an assimilation chamber has been developed to record continuously the free dissolved co(2) concentration in seawater containing marine plants. from experiments performed on the red macroalga chondrus crispus (rhodophyta, gigartinales), this measurement is in agreement with the free co(2) concentration calculated from the resistance to co(2) exchanges in a biphasic system (gas and liquid) as earlier reported. the response time o ...	1985	16664281
oxygen uptake and photosynthesis of the red macroalga, chondrus crispus, in seawater: effects of oxygen concentration.	with an experimental system developed for aquatic plants using the mass spectrometry technique and infrared gas analysis of co(2), we studied the responses to various o(2) concentrations of gas exchanges with the red macroalga chondrus crispus s. the results were as follows. (a) irrespective of the co(2) concentration, net photosynthesis was o(2) sensitive with a 45 to 70% stimulation at 2% o(2). even with high co(2), a significant warburg effect was detected. (b) although photosynthesis was co( ...	1985	16664280
oxygen uptake and photosynthesis of the red macroalga, chondrus crispus, in seawater: effects of light and co(2) concentration.	with an experimental system using mass spectrometry techniques and infra-red gas analysis of co(2) developed for aquatic plants, we studied the responses to various light intensities and co(2) concentrations of photosynthesis and o(2) uptake of the red macroalga chondrus crispus s. the co(2) exchange resistance at air-water interface which could limit the photosynthesis was experimentally measured. it allowed the calculation of the free dissolved co(2) concentration. the response to light showed ...	1984	16663760
incorporation of [s]sulfate and [c]bicarbonate into karyotype-specific polysaccharides of chondrus crispus.	gametophytic and sporophytic tissues of chondrus crispus (stackhouse) cultured in vitro were labeled with (35)s and (14)c. the major sulfated polysccharides isolated from the two karyotypes were characterized by kci fractionation, immunoprecipitation, and infrared spectroscopy. reproducibility of data has been demonstrated by an experiment using gametophytic t(4) strain with five replicates per time point. the rate of sulfate uptake was similar in haploid and diploid plants from a given area cul ...	1979	16661014
sulfohydrolase activity and carrageenan biosynthesis in chondrus crispus (rhodophyceae).	an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of mu- to kappa-carrageenan has been demonstrated in both haploid and diploid plants of chondrus crispus. it acts at the polymer level producing 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose with the stoichiometric release of sulfate. two-thirds of the recoverable enzyme was associated with the 15,000g pellet most of which could be solubilized by passage through a ribi cell fractionator. the enzyme precipitated between 2.65 and 4.24 m (nh(4))(2)so(4) and was partly purified on deae ...	1978	16660358
h(2) metabolism in photosynthetic organisms: i. dark h(2) evolution and uptake by algae and mosses.	dark h(2) metabolism was studied in marine and fresh water red algae, the green alga, chlamydomonas, and mosses. a time variable and temperature-sensitive anaerobic incubation was required prior to h(2) evolution. h(2) evolution was sensitive to disalicylidenepropanediamine. an immediate h(2) uptake was observed in these algae. immediate dark h(2) uptake but no evolution was observed in the mosses.a cell-free hydrogenase preparation was obtained from anaerobically adapted chlamydomonas reinhardi ...	1975	16659260
the incorporation of s-labeled sulfate into carrageenan in chondrus crispus.		1971	16657801
the hydrodynamic effects of shape and size change during reconfiguration of a flexible macroalga.	rocky intertidal organisms experience large hydrodynamic forces due to high water velocities created by breaking waves. flexible organisms, like macroalgae, often experience lower drag than rigid organisms because their shape and size change as velocity increases. this phenomenon, known as reconfiguration, has been previously quantified as vogel's e, a measure of the relationship between velocity and drag. while this method is very useful for comparing reconfiguration among organisms it does not ...	2006	16651555
nadph oxidases in eukaryotes: red algae provide new hints!	the red macro-alga chondrus crispus is known to produce superoxide radicals in response to cell-free extracts of its green algal pathogenic endophyte acrochaete operculata. so far, no enzymes involved in this metabolism have been isolated from red algae. we report here the isolation of a gene encoding a homologue of the respiratory burst oxidase gp91(phox) in c. crispus, named ccrboh. this single copy gene encodes a polypeptide of 825 amino acids. search performed in available genome and est alg ...	2006	16344959
evaluation of certain food additives.	this report represents the conclusions of a joint fao/who expert committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (adis) and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. the first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of food additives (including flavouring agents) and contaminants, assessments of intake, and the establishment an ...	2005	16167501
apoplastic oxidation of l-asparagine is involved in the control of the green algal endophyte acrochaete operculata correa & nielsen by the red seaweed chondrus crispus stackhouse.	gametophytes of the marine alga chondrus crispus are more resistant than tetrasporophytes to infection by the filamentous endophytic alga acrochaete operculata. it has been shown recently that carrageenan oligosaccharides from the resistant gametophytic generation of c. crispus stimulate the secretion of l-asparagine (l-asn) by the endophyte and that the host generates hydrogen peroxide and 2-oxo-succinamic acid after contact with this amino acid. here the response of c. crispus to l-asn and its ...	2005	15784529
uptake and depuration of 131i by the edible periwinkle littorina littorea: uptake from labelled seaweed (chondrus crispus).	uptake and depuration experiments of (131)i from labelled seaweed (chondrus crispus) by the edible periwinkle littorina littorea have been performed. radioiodine concentrations in winkles during uptake followed first-order kinetics with an uptake half-time of 1 day, and a calculated equilibrium concentration (c(infinity)) of 21 000 bq kg(-1) resulting in a transfer factor of 0.07 with respect to the labelled seaweed used as food. for depuration, a biphasic sequence with biological half-lives of ...	2005	15725502
seasonal acclimatization of antioxidants and photosynthesis in chondrus crispus and mastocarpus stellatus, two co-occurring red algae with differing stress tolerances.	mastocarpus stellatus and chondrus crispus are red macroalgae that co-dominate the lower rocky intertidal zones of the northern atlantic coast. m. stellatus is more tolerant than c. crispus of environmental stresses, particularly those experienced during winter. this difference in tolerance has been attributed, in part, to greater contents or activities of certain antioxidants in m. stellatus. we compared the photosynthetic capacities and activities of three antioxidant enzymes--superoxide dismu ...	2004	15616353
uptake and depuration of 131i by the edible periwinkle littorina littorea: uptake from seawater.	uptake and depuration experiments for the edible periwinkle littorina littorea have been performed using 131i-labelled seawater. throughout the experimental phase the winkles were fed on unlabelled chondrus crispus. 131i concentrations in winkles during uptake followed linear first-order kinetics with an uptake half-time of 11 days, whereas for depuration a triphasic sequence with biological half-lives of 4, 23 and 56 days was determined. in general, iodine turnover in winkles via labelled seawa ...	2005	15465179
evaluation of heat shock protein 70 as a biomarker of environmental stress in fucus serratus and lemna minor.	heat shock proteins (hsps) are known to be induced in response to short-term stress. the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of hsp70 as a biomarker of stress produced by increased temperature, osmotic pressure, and exposure to cadmium and sodium chloride in marine macroalgae and fresh water plant species. an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-elisa) was developed with a working range of 0.025-10 microg ml(-1) using a monoclonal antibody raised against purified ...	2004	15370872
a monochromatic action spectrum for the photoinduction of the uv-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acid shinorine in the red alga chondrus crispus.	to determine the action spectrum for photoinduction of the ultraviolet (uv)-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acid shinorine, specimens of the marine red alga chondrus crispus were irradiated with monochromatic light of various wavelengths using the okazaki large spectrograph at the national institute for basic biology, okazaki, japan. fluence response curves were determined for the wavelengths between 280 and 750 nm, by irradiating the algae with monochromatic light for 10 h, followed by 4 h of ...	2004	15291302
the innate immunity of a marine red alga involves oxylipins from both the eicosanoid and octadecanoid pathways.	the oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, known as oxylipins, are pivotal signaling molecules in animals and terrestrial plants. in animal systems, eicosanoids regulate cell differentiation, immune responses, and homeostasis. in contrast, terrestrial plants use derivatives of c18 and c16 fatty acids as developmental or defense hormones. marine algae have emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes as several distinct phyla, independent from the animal and green-plant lineages. the occurrence o ...	2004	15247395
analysis and modeling of the ferulic acid oxidation by a glucose oxidase-peroxidase association. comparison with a hexose oxidase-peroxidase association.	a commercial glucose oxidase (gox) from aspergillus niger was partially characterized. the enzyme exhibited a two-step transfer mechanism, and the kinetic constants toward glucose and oxygen were determined. under conditions similar to dough making (glucose concentration and ph), gox does not exhibit maximum activity. a hexose oxidase (hox) from chondrus crispus was partially characterized as well. the hox activity is not far from the optimum in the kneading conditions (ph and glucose concentrat ...	2004	15186121
amino acids, peptides, and proteins of irish moss, chondrus crispus.		1958	13563510
use of ftir, ft-raman and 13c-nmr spectroscopy for identification of some seaweed phycocolloids.	many seaweeds produce phycocolloids, stored in the cell wall. members of the rhodophyceae produce polysaccharides the main components of which are galactose (galactans)-agar and carrageenan. in addition, alginic acid is extracted from members of the phaeophyceae. this is a binary polyuronide made up of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid. the wide uses of these phycocolloids are based on their gelling, viscosifying and emulsifying properties, which generate an increasing commercial and scientific ...	2003	12919801