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carbohydrate staple food modulates gut microbiota of mongolians in china.gut microbiota is a determining factor in human physiological functions and health. it is commonly accepted that diet has a major influence on the gut microbial community, however, the effects of diet is not fully understood. the typical mongolian diet is characterized by high and frequent consumption of fermented dairy products and red meat, and low level of carbohydrates. in this study, the gut microbiota profile of 26 mongolians whom consumed wheat, rice and oat as the sole carbohydrate stapl ...201728377764
bifid shape is intrinsic to bifidobacterium adolescentis.although the genus bifidobacterium was originally named for its bifid morphology, not all bifidobacterial species have a similar structure, and very few of them adopt a bifid shape under stress conditions. the exposure of respective bifidobacterial species to various conditions, such as different ph, temperatures, medium components, in vivo growth in caenorhabditis elegans, and subculture, did not affect their diverse morphologies. extensive scanning electron microscopy studies suggested that th ...201728377762
measurements of intra- and extra-cellular 5-methyltetrahydrofolate indicate that bifidobacterium adolescentis dsm 20083(t) and bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum dsm 20438(t) do not actively excrete 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in vitro.certain intestinal bifidobacteria have the ability to synthesize folates. in vitro experiments revealed a high production, cellular accumulation, and release of reduced folate vitamers like 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate in folate-free medium (ffm). however, it is still unclear to which extent synthesized folates are polyglutamylated and probably not available for transport, and if they are actively released by excretion. to address these questions, we characterized intra- and ext ...201728377750
bifidobacterium adolescentis exerts strain-specific effects on constipation induced by loperamide in balb/c mice.constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. this study was performed to determine whether bifidobacterium adolescentis exerts inter-strain differences in alleviating constipation induced by loperamide in balb/c mice and to analyze the main reasons for these differences. balb/c mice underwent gavage with b. adolescentis (ccfm 626, 667, and 669) once per day for 17 days. the primary outcome measures included related constipation indicators, and the secondary outco ...201728230723
bifidobacterium adolescentis protects against necrotizing enterocolitis and upregulates tollip and sigirr in premature neonatal rats.necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that is often seen in premature infants. probiotics decrease the risk of nec; however, the mechanism by which probiotics work is not clear. the goal of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of bifidobacterium adolescentis in an nec rat model.201728056921
identifying species of symbiont bacteria from the human gut that, alone, can induce intestinal th17 cells in mice.th17 cells accrue in the intestine in response to particular microbes. in rodents, segmented filamentous bacteria (sfb) induce intestinal th17 cells, but analogously functioning microbes in humans remain undefined. here, we identified human symbiont bacterial species, in particular bifidobacterium adolescentis, that could, alone, induce th17 cells in the murine intestine. similar to sfb, b. adolescentis was closely associated with the gut epithelium and engendered cognate th17 cells without atte ...201627911839
development of stable isotope dilution assays for the quantitation of intra- and extracellular folate patterns of bifidobacterium adolescentis.folate-producing bifidobacteria have been studied extensively but appropriate methods for detailed quantitation of intra- and extracellular pteroylmono- and pteroylpolyglutamate patterns are lacking. therefore, b. adolescentis dsm 20083(t) was cultivated in folate-free medium (ffm) for 24h to develop and validate stable isotope dilution assays (sidas) coupled with lc-ms/ms for the determination of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-hco-h4folate), 10-formylfolic acid (10-hco-pteglu), tetrahydrofolic ...201627692648
mining bifidobacteria from the neonatal gastrointestinal tract for conjugated linolenic acid production.conjugated linolenic acid (clna) is a family of isomers of linolenic acid with a number of health-associated benefits, which has been attracting great interest. microbial clna producers are potentially an alternative source of clna for human nutrition. in present study, 16 neonate feces were collected and used for bifidobacteria isolation, from which 25 bifidobacteria isolates were obtained. the bifidobacteria isolates were identified using 16s rdna sequencing as bifidobacterium adolescentis, b. ...201627656958
water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: functional and prebiotic properties.this paper describes the extraction of polysaccharides (agp) and hemicelluloses (agh) from almond gum by hot water and alkaline solution, respectively. structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers were then determined. for this purpose, infrared spectroscopy was first used to characterize functional groups of both polymers. the molecular weights of agp and agh were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×10(6)g/mol and 5.39×10(6)g ...201627527693
isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (phyllostachys praecox).the water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (phyllostachys praecox) (wbp) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. the yield of wbp was 7.58±0.31% under optimal hot-water extraction conditions. two fractions, i.e., wbp-1 and wbp-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kda and 80.08kda, respectively, were purified by chromatography. both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds ...201627474570
anti-viral effect of bifidobacterium adolescentis against noroviruses.this study aims to investigate the effect of bifidobacterium adolescentis against noroviruses (novs). murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) used as a surrogate was detected by plaque assay and rt-qpcr. human nov virus like particles (vlps) were detected by cell-binding assay. it was shown that the presence of b. adolescentis could inhibit the multiplication of mnv-1 on raw 264.7 cells within 48 h of co-incubation period at 37°c. this inhibition did not occur at the viral binding stage, as no difference was ...201627375585
variable responses of human microbiomes to dietary supplementation with resistant starch.the fermentation of dietary fiber to various organic acids is a beneficial function provided by the microbiota in the human large intestine. in particular, butyric acid contributes to host health by facilitating maintenance of epithelial integrity, regulating inflammation, and influencing gene expression in colonocytes. we sought to increase the concentration of butyrate in 20 healthy young adults through dietary supplementation with resistant starch (unmodified potato starch-resistant starch (r ...201627357127
bifidobacterial inulin-type fructan degradation capacity determines cross-feeding interactions between bifidobacteria and faecalibacterium prausnitzii.prebiotic inulin-type fructans (itf) display a bifidogenic and butyrogenic effect. four bifidobacterial strains (bifidobacterium breve yakult, bifidobacterium adolescentis lmg 10734, bifidobacterium angulatum lmg 11039(t), and bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum lmg 11047), displaying different itf degradation capacities, were each grown in cocultivation with faecalibacterium prausnitzii dsm 17677(t), an itf-degrading butyrate-producing colon bacterium, as to unravel their cross-feeding interac ...201627233082
an engineered non-oxidative glycolysis pathway for acetone production in escherichia coli.to find new metabolic engineering strategies to improve the yield of acetone in escherichia coli.201627146080
in vitro degradation of covalently cross-linked arabinoxylan hydrogels by bifidobacteria.arabinoxylan gels with different cross-linking densities, swelling ratios, and rheological properties were obtained by increasing the concentration of arabinoxylan from 4 to 6% (w/v) during oxidative gelation by laccase. the degradation of these covalently cross-linked gels by a mixture of two bifidobacterium strains (bifidobacterium longum and bifidobacterium adolescentis) was investigated. the kinetics of the evolution of structural morphology of the arabinoxylan gel, the carbohydrate utilizat ...201627083795
evaluation of genetic diversity among strains of the human gut commensal bifidobacterium adolescentis.bifidobacteria are members of the human gut microbiota, being numerically dominant in the colon of infants, while also being prevalent in the large intestine of adults. in this study, we determined and analyzed the pan-genome of bifidobacterium adolescentis, which is one of many bacteria found in the human adult gut microbiota. in silico analysis of the genome sequences of eighteen b. adolescentis strains isolated from various environments, such as human milk, human feces and bovine rumen, revea ...201627035119
synthesis of the rare disaccharide nigerose by structure-based design of a phosphorylase mutant with altered regioselectivity.in the absence of the natural acceptor inorganic phosphate wild-type sucrose phosphorylase from bifidobacterium adolescentis (basp) produces maltose (4-o-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) and kojibiose (2-o-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) as sole transfer products. a q345f exchange switches the enzyme's regioselectivity from 2 to 3 exclusively, yielding the rare sugar nigerose (3-o-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose, sakebiose).201626878207
miscanthus×giganteus xylooligosaccharides: purification and fermentation.a procedure was developed to recover xylooligosaccharides (xos) from miscanthus×giganteus (m×g) hydrolyzate. m×g hydrolyzate was prepared using autohydrolysis, and xos rich fractions were acquired using activated carbon adsorption and stepwise ethanol elution. the combined xos fractions were purified using a series of ion exchange resin treatments. the end product, m×g xos, had 89.1% (w/w) total substituted oligosaccharides (tsos) composed of arabinose, glucose, xylose and acetyl group. bifidoba ...201626876832
deciphering bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions and their impact on gut microbiota by a multi-omics approach.the intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms are poorly investigated for particular components of the gut microbiota. in order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, bifidobacterium bifidum prl2010, bifidobacterium adolescentis 22l, bifidobacterium breve 12l and bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis atcc15697, in the intestine of ...201626859770
allergic patients with long-term asthma display low levels of bifidobacterium adolescentis.accumulated evidence suggests a relationship between specific allergic processes, such as atopic eczema in children, and an aberrant fecal microbiota. however, little is known about the complete microbiota profile of adult individuals suffering from asthma. we determined the fecal microbiota in 21 adult patients suffering allergic asthma (age 39.43 ± 10.98 years old) and compare it with the fecal microbiota of 22 healthy controls (age 39.29 ± 9.21 years old) using culture independent techniques. ...201626840903
glucolytic fingerprinting reveals metabolic groups within the genus bifidobacterium: an exploratory study.microorganisms of the genus bifidobacterium are inhabitants of diverse niches including the digestive tract of humans and animals. the species bifidobacterium adolescentis, bifidobacterium animalis, bifidobacterium bifidum, bifidobacterium breve and bifidobacterium longum have qualified presumption of safety status granted by efsa and several strains are considered probiotic, and are being included in functional dairy fermented products. in the present work we carried out a preliminary explorati ...201626839073
high purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome.prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) formulation consisting of 90% pure gos (gos90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (spf), ...201626839072
in vitro antiviral activity of lactobacillus casei and bifidobacterium adolescentis against rotavirus infection monitored by nsp4 protein production.the aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of four probiotic metabolites (lactobacillus and bifidobacetrium species) against rotavirus in vitro infection monitored by the nsp4 protein production and ca(2+) release.201626801008
[species diversity of bifidobacteria in the intestinal microbiota studied using maldi-tof mass-spectrometry].the members of genus bifidobacterium represent a significant part of intestinal microbiota in adults and predominate in infants. species repertoire of the intestinal bifidobacteria is known to be subjected to major changes with age; however, many details of this process are still to be elucidated.201526710526
correlation between body mass index and faecal microbiota from children.childhood obesity is an increasing problem at the global level and considered as a risk factor for obesity development and the associated co-morbidities in adult life. in this study, the occurrence of bacteroides fragilis group, clostridium spp., bifidobacterium spp. and escherichia coli in 84 faecal samples from 30 obese, 24 overweight and 30 lean children was verified by culture technique and quantitative determination by quantitative pcr. in addition, lactobacillus spp. and methanobrevibacter ...201626551842
redesign of the active site of sucrose phosphorylase through a clash-induced cascade of loop shifts.sucrose phosphorylases have been applied in the enzymatic production of glycosylated compounds for decades. however, several desirable acceptors, such as flavonoids or stilbenoids, that exhibit diverse antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic or antioxidant properties, remain poor substrates. the q345f exchange in sucrose phosphorylase from bifidobacterium adolescentis allows efficient glucosylation of resveratrol, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in yields of up to 97 % whereas the wild-type enzyme favo ...201626527586
bifidobacteria possess inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-iv.the incretin hormones are extremely rapidly metabolized by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp-iv). therefore, dpp-iv inhibitors which can prolong the incretin effect are the newest and promising drugs for management of type 2 diabetes. in this study, we investigated whether bifidobacteria colonizing the human gut possess dpp-iv inhibitory activity. cell-free intracellular extracts of 13 bifidobacterium strains isolated from breast-fed infant faecal samples were prepared and scree ...201626482681
glycan cross-feeding activities between bifidobacteria under in vitro conditions.bifidobacteria colonize the gut of various mammals, including humans, where they may metabolize complex, diet-, and host-derived carbohydrates. the glycan-associated metabolic features encoded by bifidobacteria are believed to be strongly influenced by cross-feeding activities due to the co-existence of strains with different glycan-degrading properties. in this study, we observed an enhanced growth yield of bifidobacterium bifidum prl2010 when co-cultivated with bifidobacterium breve 12l, bifid ...201526441950
enhanced butyrate formation by cross-feeding between faecalibacterium prausnitzii and bifidobacterium adolescentis.cross-feeding is an important metabolic interaction mechanism of bacterial groups inhabiting the human colon and includes features such as the utilization of acetate by butyrate-producing bacteria as may occur between bifidobacterium and faecalibacterium genera. in this study, we assessed the utilization of different carbon sources (glucose, starch, inulin and fructooligosaccharides) by strains of both genera and selected the best suited combinations for evidencing this cross-feeding phenomenon. ...201526420851
increasing anaerobic acetate consumption and ethanol yields in saccharomyces cerevisiae with nadph-specific alcohol dehydrogenase.saccharomyces cerevisiae has recently been engineered to use acetate, a primary inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, as a cosubstrate during anaerobic ethanolic fermentation. however, the original metabolic pathway devised to convert acetate to ethanol uses nadh-specific acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase and quickly becomes constrained by limited nadh availability, even when glycerol formation is abolished. we present alcohol dehydrogenase as a novel target f ...201526386051
the gut microbial community in metabolic syndrome patients is modified by diet.intestinal microbiota changes may be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (mets), which is a multicomponent disorder frequently associated with obesity. the aim of this study was to test the effect of consuming two healthy diets: a mediterranean diet and a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet, for 2years in the gut microbiota of mets patients and those in the control group. we analyzed the differences in the bacterial community structure between the groups after 2years of dietary interven ...201626376027
microbial source markers assessment in the bogotá river basin (colombia).the microbiological indicators traditionally used to assess fecal contamination are insufficient to identify the source. the aim of this study was to detect microbial markers to identify the source of fecal pollution in the bogotá river (colombia). for this, we determined non-discriminating indicators such as escherichia coli, somatic coliphages and phages infecting strain ryc2056 of bacteroides, and potential source tracking markers as phages infecting strains ga17, hb13, and ca8 of bacteroides ...201526322765
biochemical identification of the catalytic residues of a glycoside hydrolase family 120 β-xylosidase, involved in xylooligosaccharide metabolisation by gut bacteria.the β-xylosidase b from bifidobacterium adolescentis atcc15703 belongs to the newly characterized family 120 of glycoside hydrolases. in order to investigate its catalytic mechanism, an extensive kinetic study of the wild-type enzyme and mutants targeting the three highly conserved residues asp(393), glu(416) and glu(364) was performed. nmr analysis of the xyloside hydrolysis products, the change of the reaction rate-limiting step for the glu(416) mutants, the ph dependency of e416a activity and ...201526297820
production of structurally diverse wheat arabinoxylan hydrolyzates using combinations of xylanase and arabinofuranosidase.structurally different wheat arabinoxylan hydrolyzates (axh) were generated using different combinations of cellvibrio japonicas xylanase (cjx), aspergillus niger xylanase (anx), bifidobacterium adolescentis arabinofuranosidase (baf) and clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase (caf). between the two xylanases, anx might be an enzyme of choice for the production of axh with simple structural details while cjx might be selected for the production of axh with more complex structural features. ...201526256370
binding to histo-blood group antigen-expressing bacteria protects human norovirus from acute heat stress.this study aims to investigate if histo-blood group antigen (hbga) expressing bacteria have any protective role on human norovirus (nov) from acute heat stress. eleven bacterial strains were included, belonging to escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, clostridium difficile, bifidobacterium adolescentis, and b. longum. hbga expression of the bacteria as well as binding of human nov virus-like particles (vlps, gi.1, and gii.4 strains) to the bacteria were detected by flow ...201526191052
draft genome sequences of bifidobacterium angulatum gt102 and bifidobacterium adolescentis 150: focusing on the genes potentially involved in the gut-brain axis.the draft genome sequences of bifidobacterium angulatum gt102 and bifidobacterium adolescentis 150 strains isolated from the human intestinal microbiota are reported. both strains are able to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba). detailed genomes analysis will help to understand the role of gaba in the functioning of gut-brain axis.201526139716
antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis spm1605 against coxsackievirus b3.bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. the present study investigated the antiviral activity of probiotics isolated from koreans against coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3). the effect of probiotic isolates against cvb3 was measured by the plaque assay and cellular toxicity of bifidobacteria in hela cells was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay. among 1 ...201426019554
intestinal microbiota and allergic diseases: a systematic review.evidence suggests that possible imbalances in intestinal microbiota composition may be implicated in the occurrence of allergic diseases. although several studies published until 2006 indicated a correlation between microbiota composition and allergic symptoms, it has not been possible to distinguish protective microorganisms from those associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. therefore, the objective of this study was to review the studies published since 2007 that address the intes ...201625985709
a versatile family 3 glycoside hydrolase from bifidobacterium adolescentis hydrolyzes β-glucosides of the fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and ht-2 toxin in cereal matrices.glycosylation plays a central role in plant defense against xenobiotics, including mycotoxins. glucoconjugates of fusarium toxins, such as deoxynivalenol-3-o-β-d-glucoside (don-3g), often cooccur with their parental toxins in cereal-based food and feed. to date, only limited information exists on the occurrence of glucosylated mycotoxins and their toxicological relevance. due to a lack of analytical standards and the requirement of high-end analytical instrumentation for their direct determinati ...201525979885
enzymatic production of hmo mimics by the sialylation of galacto-oligosaccharides.human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) are a family of structurally diverse unconjugated glycans that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. in this report, we describe an efficient, multi-enzyme one-pot strategy to produce hmo mimics by the sialylation of galacto-oligosaccharides (goss), which are often added to infant formula as an inexpensive alternative to hmos. in this system, the sialyltransferase donor, cytidine-5'-monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid (cmp-neu5ac), was generated in sit ...201525794720
effects of phytochemicals on in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis.probiotics have been shown to improve the condition of not only the human gastrointestinal tract but also the entire body. we found that quercetin enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis, which is abundant in human intestines. here, we assessed whether certain phytochemicals could enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of b. adolescentis. bifidobacteria were anaerobically cultured with phytochemicals for 3 h, and the anti-inflammatory activity of the supernatants ...201525721815
establishment of a sensitive system for analysis of human vaginal microbiota on the basis of rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr.ten specific primer sets, for lactobacillus gasseri, lactobacillus crispatus, atopobium vaginae, gardnerella vaginalis, mobiluncus curtisii, chlamydia trachomatis/muridarum, bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, bifidobacterium adolescentis, and bifidobacterium angulatum, were developed for quantitative analysis of vaginal microbiota. rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) analysis of the vaginal samples from 12 healthy japanese vol ...201525661498
physico-chemical properties and hypoglycaemic activity of fermented milks prepared with anemarrhena asphodeloides water extracts.in this research, water extract solutions of anemarrhena asphodeloides (aa) rhizomes were added to reconstituted milk at 5%, 10% and 15% (v/v) to prepare aa fermented milk (aafm5, aafm10 and aafm15). the aafm10 was selected for investigation of hypoglycaemic activity.201625639677
in vivo selection to identify bacterial strains with enhanced ecological performance in synbiotic applications.one strategy for enhancing the establishment of probiotic bacteria in the human intestinal tract is via the parallel administration of a prebiotic, which is referred to as a synbiotic. here we present a novel method that allows a rational selection of putative probiotic strains to be used in synbiotic applications: in vivo selection (ivs). this method consists of isolating candidate probiotic strains from fecal samples following enrichment with the respective prebiotic. to test the potential of ...201525616794
predicting fecal sources in waters with diverse pollution loads using general and molecular host-specific indicators and applying machine learning methods.in this study we use a machine learning software (ichnaea) to generate predictive models for water samples with different concentrations of fecal contamination (point source, moderate and low). we applied several mst methods (host-specific bacteroides phages, mitochondrial dna genetic markers, bifidobacterium adolescentis and bifidobacterium dentium markers, and bifidobacterial host-specific qpcr), and general indicators (escherichia coli, enterococci and somatic coliphages) to evaluate the sour ...201525585145
cholesterol-lowering potentials of lactic acid bacteria based on bile-salt hydrolase activity and effect of potent strains on cholesterol metabolism in vitro and in vivo.this study collected different probiotic isolates from animal and plant sources to evaluate the bile-salt hydrolase activity of probiotics in vitro. the deconjugation potential of bile acid was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. hepg2 cells were cultured with probiotic strains with high bsh activity. the triglyceride (tg) and apolipoprotein b (apo b) secretion by hepg2 cells were evaluated. our results show that the bsh activity and bile-acid deconjugation abilities of pedi ...201425538960
wheat bran extract alters colonic fermentation and microbial composition, but does not affect faecal water toxicity: a randomised controlled trial in healthy subjects.wheat bran extract (wbe), containing arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides that are potential prebiotic substrates, has been shown to modify bacterial colonic fermentation in human subjects and to beneficially affect the development of colorectal cancer (crc) in rats. however, it is unclear whether these changes in fermentation are able to reduce the risk of developing crc in humans. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of wbe on the markers of crc risk in healthy volunteers, and to ...201525498469
diverse galactooligosaccharides consumption by bifidobacteria: implications of β-galactosidase--lacs operon.galactooligosaccharides (gos) possess prebiotic properties that specifically increase the number of bifidobacteria in the human intestine, thus giving health benefits to the host. although the bifidogenic effect of gos has been demonstrated in numerous studies, the utilization of gos by specific bifidobacteria remains unclear. the goal of our study was to elucidate gos consumption by specific bifidobacteria and gain insights into the mechanism. first, we examined gos consumption by 14 bifidobact ...201525483279
erratum to: antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis spm 0214 against herpes simplex virus type 1. 201525370609
biosynthesis and cellular content of folate in bifidobacteria across host species with different diets.bifidobacteria, one of the most common bacteria of the intestinal tract, help establish balance in the gut microbiota and confer health benefits to the host. one beneficial property is folate biosynthesis, which is dependent on species and strains. it is unclear whether the diversity in folate biosynthesis is due to the adaptation of the bifidobacteria to the host diet or whether it is related to the phylogeny of the animal host. to date, folate production has been studied in the bifidobacteria ...201425312826
genomic characterization and transcriptional studies of the starch-utilizing strain bifidobacterium adolescentis 22l.bifidobacteria are members of the gut microbiota, but the genetic basis for their adaptation to the human gut is poorly understood. the analysis of the 2,203,222-bp genome of bifidobacterium adolescentis 22l revealed a nutrient acquisition strategy that targets diet/plant-derived glycans, in particular starch and starch-like carbohydrates. starch-like carbohydrates were shown to support the growth of b. adolescentis 22l. transcriptome profiling of 22l cultures grown under in vitro conditions or ...201425063659
inulin-type fructans modulate intestinal bifidobacterium species populations and decrease fecal short-chain fatty acids in obese women.inulin-type fructans (itf) prebiotics promote changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. the aim of this study was to determine variations on fecal short chain fatty acids (scfa) concentration in obese women treated with itf and to explore associations between bifidobacterium species, scfa and host biological markers of metabolism.201524969566
bifidobacterium faecale sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.a novel strain, designated strain cu3-7(t), was isolated from faeces of a two-week-old baby. the isolate was gram-staining-positive, anaerobic and rod-shaped. results from 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that strain cu3-7(t) was phylogenetically affiliated with members of the genus bifidobacterium. strain cu3-7(t) showed the highest level of sequence similarity with bifidobacterium adolescentis kctc 3216(t) (98.4 %), followed by bifidobacterium ruminantium kctc 3425(t) (97.9 %). analysi ...201424944342
use of accuracy profile procedure to validate a real-time pcr method to quantify bacteria in feces.this study describes a novel validation procedure of real-time pcr based on accuracy profile to estimate bacterial concentrations in fecal samples. to assess the performance of the method, measurements of axenic fecal samples spiked with a measured quantity of known bacterial species (bacteroides fragilis, bifidobacterium adolescentis, enterococcus faecium, and escherichia coli) were performed under repeatability and intermediate precision conditions. data collected were used to compute a tolera ...201424830169
antibodies to lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in young children with different propensity to develop islet autoimmunity.the intestinal microbiota is essential to the maturation and homeostasis of the immune system. immunoblot assays were used to establish the prevalence of serum igg, igm, and iga antibodies specific for bifidobacterium adolescentis, bifidobacterium longum, and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg proteins in young children presenting with or without type 1 diabetes (t1d). we demonstrated that children between the ages of 6 and 12 months had a substantial increase in the frequency of igg antibodies specific ...201424741589
genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of bifidobacterium adolescentis l2-32 and faecalibacterium prausnitzii a2-165 and their interaction.the gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease by acting as a metabolic organ. metagenomic sequencing has shown how dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is associated with human metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. modeling may assist to gain insight into the metabolic implication of an altered microbiota. fast and accurate reconstruction of metabolic models for members of the gut microbiota, as well as methods to simulate a community of microorganisms, are therefo ...201424708835
validation of candidate reference genes in bifidobacterium adolescentis for gene expression normalization.normalization is an essential prerequisite for producing accurate real-time pcr expression analyses. the objective of this study is the selection of a set of optimal reference genes in bifidobacterium adolescentis gene expression studies under bile exposure. b adolescentis is a particularly abundant species in the human adults gut microbiota, exerting relevant probiotic activities. in the gastrointestinal tract, bile represents a hard challenge for bacterial survival, because of its toxic effect ...201424657392
isolation and characterization of an agaro-oligosaccharide (ao)-hydrolyzing bacterium from the gut microflora of chinese individuals.agarose (ap) from red algae has a long history as food ingredients in east asia. agaro-oligosaccharides (ao) derived from ap have shown potential prebiotic effects. however, the human gut microbes responsible for the degradation of ao and ap have not yet been fully investigated. here, we reported that ao and ap can be degraded and utilized at various rates by fecal microbiota obtained from different individuals. bacteroides uniformis l8 isolated from human feces showed a pronounced ability to de ...201424622338
disrupted intestinal microbiota and intestinal inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and its restoration with lactobacillus gg: a randomised clinical trial.intestinal inflammation is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (cf). administration of probiotics can reduce intestinal inflammation and the incidence of pulmonary exacerbations. we investigated the composition of intestinal microbiota in children with cf and analyzed its relationship with intestinal inflammation. we also investigated the microflora structure before and after lactobacillus gg (lgg) administration in children with cf with and without antibiotic treatment.201424586292
the genome sequence of bifidobacterium moukalabense dsm 27321 highlights the close phylogenetic relatedness with the bifidobacterium dentium taxon.bifidobacterium moukalabense dsm 27321 is the reference strain for a recently described new bifidobacterial species that has been isolated from a wild west lowland gorilla. here, we report the whole-genome sequence of dsm 27321, which supports very close phylogenetic relatedness with members of the bifidobacterium adolescentis phylogenetic group and, in particular, the bifidobacterium dentium taxon.201424558236
bifidobacterium adolescentis protects from the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a mouse model.to investigate the hypothesis that an oral supplementation of bifidobacterium adolescentis protects against a diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a mouse model, c57bl/6 mice were fed either a western-style or a control diet±tap water fortified with b. adolescentis (5×10(7) cfu/ml) ad libitum for 12 weeks. mice fed a western-style diet gained significantly more weight than mice fed a control diet and developed a mild steatohepatitis. western-style diet fed groups concomitantly treated wi ...201424445036
[effects of lamivudine on growth of intestinal characteristic bacteria by microcalorimetry in vitro].the study is aimed to investigate the effect of lamivudine on growth and metabolism of three intestinal characteristic bacteria (namely, bifidobacterium adolescentis, escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae). the growth condition of the three bacteria was quantitatively evaluated by microcalorimetry with four characteristic parameters of the thermal power-time curves, including the growth rate constant (k), thermal power (p), time to peak (t) and calorific value (q). the results showed that th ...201324417087
isomer-specific consumption of galactooligosaccharides by bifidobacterial species.prebiotics are nondigestible substrates that stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes in the human intestine. galactooligosaccharides (gos) are food ingredients that possess prebiotic properties, in particular, promoting the growth of bifidobacteria in situ. however, precise mechanistic details of gos consumption by bifidobacteria remain poorly understood. because gos are mixtures of polymers of different lengths and linkages, there is interest in determining which specific structures provide ...201324313277
neutralization of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by humic acid in vitro.in the present study, the neutralization ability of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by different humic acids was investigated. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of glyphosate for different bacteria such as bacillus badius, bifidobacterium adolescentis, escherichia coli, e. coli 1917 strain nissle, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium were determined in the presence or absence of different concentrations of humic acid (0.25, 0.5 ...201424268342
genotoxicity assessment of multispecies probiotics using reverse mutation, mammalian chromosomal aberration, and rodent micronucleus tests.genotoxicity assessment is carried out on freeze dried powder of cultured probiotics containing lactobacillus rhamnosus lcr177, bifidobacterium adolescentis ba286, and pediococcus acidilactici pa318. ames tests, in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus tests in mouse peripheral blood are performed. for 5 strains of salmonella typhimurium, the ames tests show no increased reverse mutation upon exposure to the test substance. in cho cells, the frequency of chromosome aberra ...201324250262
mother-to-infant transmission of intestinal bifidobacterial strains has an impact on the early development of vaginally delivered infant's microbiota.bifidobacterium species are one of the major components of the infant's intestine microbiota. colonization with bifidobacteria in early infancy is suggested to be important for health in later life. however, information remains limited regarding the source of these microbes. here, we investigated whether specific strains of bifidobacteria in the maternal intestinal flora are transmitted to their infant's intestine.201324244304
reclassification of bifidobacterium stercoris kim et al. 2010 as a later heterotypic synonym of bifidobacterium adolescentis.the taxonomic position of bifidobacterium stercoris eg1(t) ( = jcm 15918(t)) based on comparative 16s rrna gene and hsp60 sequence analyses was found to be controversial, as the strain showed high similarity to the type strain of bifidobacterium adolescentis, ccug 18363(t). therefore, the relationship between the two species was investigated by a taxonomic study that included, in addition to re-evaluation of the 16s rrna gene sequence, determination of dna-dna binding and multilocus sequence ana ...201324187022
the in vitro effects of retrograded starch (resistant starch type 3) from lotus seed starch on the proliferation of bifidobacterium adolescentis.prebiotics such as oligosaccharides, fructans, and resistant starch (rs) stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in large bowel and modify the human gastrointestinal environment. in this study, compared with glucose (glu) and high amylose maize starch (hams), the in vitro effects of lrs3 and p-lrs3 (rs3 and purified rs3 prepared from lotus seed starch) on the proliferation of bifidobacteria were assessed by assessing the changes in optical density (od), ph values, short chain fatty acid (scf ...201324056635
different human gut models reveal the distinct fermentation patterns of arabinoxylan versus inulin.different in vitro models have been developed to assess how food compounds affect the human gut microbiota. using two such models (shime(r) and tim-2), we compared how long-chain arabinoxylan (lc-ax), a wheat-derived potentially prebiotic fiber, and inulin (in), a well-established prebiotic compound, modulate scfa production and bifidobacteria composition. while both the shime and tim-2 differ in experimental design, they both demonstrated that lc-ax and in specifically increased the health-prom ...201324028202
sunlight inactivation of human polymerase chain reaction markers and cultured fecal indicators in river and saline waters.decay rates for sunlight inactivation of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) markers for total bacteroidales, human-specific bacteroidales, escherichia coli, and bifidobacterium adolescentis relative to cultured e. coli were investigated. the experiment used 100-l chambers of fresh water and seawater (paired with dark controls) seeded with human sewage and exposed to natural sunlight over three summer days. culturable e. coli levels in sunlight-exposed chambers decreased by at least 3 logs on day 1, ...201324003600
plasmacytoid dendritic cells are crucial in bifidobacterium adolescentis-mediated inhibition of yersinia enterocolitica infection.in industrialized countries bacterial intestinal infections are commonly caused by enteropathogenic enterobacteriaceae. the interaction of the microbiota with the host immune system determines the adequacy of an appropriate response against pathogens. in this study we addressed whether the probiotic bifidobacterium adolescentis is protective during intestinal yersinia enterocolitica infection. female c57bl/6 mice were fed with b. adolescentis, infected with yersinia enterocolitica, or b. adolesc ...201323977019
motif-guided identification of a glycoside hydrolase family 1 α-l-arabinofuranosidase in bifidobacterium adolescentis.members of glycoside hydrolase family 1 (gh1) cleave glycosidic linkages with a variety of physiological roles. here we report a unique gh1 member encoded in the genome of bifidobacterium adolescentis atcc 15703. this enzyme, bad0156, was identified from over 2,000 gh1 sequences accumulated in a database by a genome mining approach based on a motif sequence. a recombinant bad0156 protein was characterized to confirm that this enzyme alone specifically hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranosi ...201323924734
cholesterol-lowering probiotics: in vitro selection and in vivo testing of bifidobacteria.thirty-four strains of bifidobacteria belonging to bifidobacterium adolescentis, bifidobacterium animalis, bifidobacterium bifidum, bifidobacterium breve, bifidobacterium longum, and bifidobacterium pseu-docatenulatum were assayed in vitro for the ability to assimilate cholesterol and for bile salt hydrolase (bsh) against glycocholic and taurodeoxycholic acids (gca and tdca). cholesterol assimilation was peculiar characteristic of two strains belonging to the species b. bifidum (b. bifidum mb 10 ...201323872958
in vitro characterization of the impact of selected dietary fibers on fecal microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid production.the effects of six dietary fibers [pectin, guar gum, inulin, arabinoxylan, β-glucan, and resistant starch] on the human fecal microbiota during in vitro fermentation were determined. bifidobacterium increased almost 25% on pectin compared with the control; a significant increase in bifidobacterium adolescentis type-2 was observed on resistant starch. bacteroides exhibited a positive correlation with propionate/short chain fatty acid (scfa) production (r = 0.59, p < 0.01), while ruminococcaceae a ...201323831725
xylooligosaccharides from hardwood and cereal xylans produced by a thermostable xylanase as carbon sources for lactobacillus brevis and bifidobacterium adolescentis.to compare xylans from forestry with agricultural origins, hardwood xylan (birch) and cereal arabinoxylan (rye) were hydrolyzed using two variants of the xylanase rmxyn10a, full-length enzyme and catalytic module only, from rhodothermus marinus . cultivations of four selected bacterial species, using the xylooligosaccharide (xos) containing hydrolysates as carbon source, showed selective growth of lactobacillus brevis dsmz 1264 and bifidobacterium adolescentis atcc 15703. both strains were confi ...201323822770
expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of bifidobacterium adolescentis xylose isomerase.xylose isomerase (ec 5.3.1.5) is a key enzyme in xylose metabolism which is industrially important for the transformation of glucose and xylose into fructose and xylulose, respectively. the bifidobacterium adolescentis xyla gene (nc_008618.1) encoding xylose isomerase (xi) was cloned and the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli. purified recombinant xi was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with polyethylene glycol 3350 as the precipitating agent. a complete nati ...201323695585
antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis spm0212 against hepatitis b virus.bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects in preventing and treating specific pathological conditions. the present study explored the antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis spm0212 isolated from healthy koreans against hepatitis b virus (hbv) and its mechanism of action. to determine the effect of b. adolescentis spm0212 against hbv, the level of hbv surface antigen (hbsag) in the culture medium and the levels o ...201323657805
flavonols enhanced production of anti-inflammatory substance(s) by bifidobacterium adolescentis: prebiotic actions of galangin, quercetin, and fisetin.the gut microbiota is capable of the bioconversion of flavonoids whereas influences of probiotic anaerobes on the bioactivities of flavonoids and vice versa are still unclear. here, we investigated functional interactions with respect to the anti-inflammatory activity between flavonols and probiotic bacteria. ten enteric (6 probiotic and 4 indigenous) bacteria were incubated with flavonols (galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and fisetin) under anaerobic conditions, and the supernatants ...201323554103
ethnic diversity of gut microbiota: species characterization of bacteroides fragilis group and genus bifidobacterium in healthy belgian adults, and comparison with data from japanese subjects.the composition of the human gut microbiota is related to host health, and it is thought that dietary habits may play a role in shaping this composition. here, we examined the population size and prevalence of six predominant bacterial genera and the species compositions of genus bifidobacterium (g-bifid) and bacteroides fragilis group (g-bfra) in 42 healthy belgian adults by quantitative pcr (qpcr) over a period of one month. the population sizes and prevalence of these bacteria were basically ...201323522670
effects of antibiotics on bacterial species composition and metabolic activities in chemostats containing defined populations of human gut microorganisms.the composition and metabolic activities of the human colonic microbiota are modulated by a number of external factors, including diet and antibiotic therapy. changes in the structure and metabolism of the gut microbiota may have long-term consequences for host health. the large intestine harbors a complex microbial ecosystem comprising several hundreds of different bacterial species, which complicates investigations on intestinal physiology and ecology. to facilitate such studies, a highly simp ...201323403424
lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria attenuate the proinflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells induced by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.inflammation is a physiological response to infections and tissue injury; however, abnormal immune responses can give rise to chronic inflammation and contribute to disease progression. various dietary components, including probiotic lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics, have the potential to modulate intestinal inflammatory responses. one factor in particular, the chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8, cxcl-8), is one of the major mediators of the inflammatory response. the purpose of this study was to ...201223391223
isolation of a bifidogenic peptide from the pepsin hydrolysate of bovine lactoferrin.lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals for which various biological functions have been reported, such as antimicrobial activity and bifidogenic activity. in this study, we compared the bifidogenic activity of bovine lactoferrin (blf) and pepsin hydrolysate of blf (blfh), isolated bifidogenic peptide from blfh, and investigated the bifidogenic spectra of blf, blfh, and its active peptide against 42 bifidobacterial strains comprising nine species. against bi ...201323315725
fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.the role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator of autoimmune diabetes in animal models is well-established, but data on human type 1 diabetes are tentative and based on studies including only a few study subjects. to exclude secondary effects of diabetes and hla risk genotype on gut microbiota, we compared the intestinal microbiota composition in children with at least two diabetes-associated autoantibodies (n = 18) with autoantibody-negative children matched for age, sex, early feeding hi ...201223274889
the effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro.the use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. the aim of the present study was to determine the real impact of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. the presented results evidence that the highly pathogenic bacteria as salmonella entritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, clostridium perfringens and clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate. however, most of beneficial bac ...201323224412
bifidobacterial succession and correlation networks in a large unselected cohort of mothers and their children.bifidobacteria are a major microbial component of infant gut microbiota, which is believed to promote health benefits for the host and stimulate maturation of the immune system. despite their perceived importance, very little is known about the natural development of and possible correlations between bifidobacteria in human populations. to address this knowledge gap, we analyzed stool samples from a randomly selected healthy cohort of 87 infants and their mothers with >90% of vaginal delivery an ...201323124244
an imprinted cross-linked enzyme aggregate (iclea) of sucrose phosphorylase: combining improved stability with altered specificity.the industrial use of sucrose phosphorylase (sp), an interesting biocatalyst for the selective transfer of α-glucosyl residues to various acceptor molecules, has been hampered by a lack of long-term stability and low activity towards alternative substrates. we have recently shown that the stability of the sp from bifidobacterium adolescentis can be significantly improved by the formation of a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (clea). in this work, it is shown that the transglucosylation activity of ...201223109856
fermentation of xylo-oligosaccharides by bifidobacterium adolescentis dsmz 18350: kinetics, metabolism, and β-xylosidase activities.xylo-oligosaccharides (xos) are sugar oligomers of β-1,4-linked xylopyranosyl moieties which exert bifidogenic effect and are increasingly used as prebiotics. the kinetics and the metabolism of bifidobacterium adolescentis dsmz 18350 growing on xos and xylose were investigated. the growth rate was higher on xos, but greater biomass yield was attained on xylose. unlike other prebiotics, xos oligomers were utilized simultaneously, regardless of their chain length. throughout xos utilization, xylos ...201323099913
expression and characterization of a bifidobacterium adolescentis beta-mannanase carrying mannan-binding and cell association motifs.the gene encoding β-mannanase (ec 3.2.1.78) baman26a from the bacterium bifidobacterium adolescentis (living in the human gut) was cloned and the gene product characterized. the enzyme was found to be modular and to contain a putative signal peptide. it possesses a catalytic module of the glycoside hydrolase family 26, a predicted immunoglobulin-like module, and two putative carbohydrate-binding modules (cbms) of family 23. the enzyme is likely cell attached either by the sortase mechanism (lpxt ...201323064345
exploration of the genomic diversity and core genome of the bifidobacterium adolescentis phylogenetic group by means of a polyphasic approach.in the current work, we describe genome diversity and core genome sequences among representatives of three bifidobacterial species, i.e., bifidobacterium adolescentis, bifidobacterium catenulatum, and bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, by employing a polyphasic approach involving analysis of 16s rrna gene and 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) assays.201323064340
antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis spm 0214 against herpes simplex virus type 1.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) antibodies are found in up to 90 percent of the general population. about 30% of patients who have been exposed to hsv-1 develop recurrent infections, and this degree is continually increasing. in addition, resistance to all major anti-herpetic drugs such as acyclovir (acv) has been increasingly reported. these observations underscore the importance of discovering new therapeutic tools for the treatment of hsv-1 infections. bifidobacterium spp. has been studie ...201223054724
evaluation of positive interaction for cell growth between bifidobacterium adolescentis and propionibacterium freudenreichii using a co-cultivation system with two microfiltration modules.using a co-cultivation system developed previously, positive interaction for cell growth between bifidobacterium adolescentis and propionibacterium freudenreichii was evaluated. the total dry cell weight (dcw) of these two strains obtained in the co-cultivation system was 1.5-1.7-fold of the sum of the dcws obtained in two single cultivations of each bacterium.201323040994
a novel sucrose phosphorylase from the metagenomes of sucrose-rich environment: isolation and characterization.sucrose phosphorylase, an important enzyme mainly involved in the generic starch and sucrose pathways, has now caught the attention of researchers due to its transglycosylation activity. a novel sucrose phosphorylase, unspase, has been isolated, and its transglycosylation properties were characterized. compared with bisp, the sucrose phosphorylase from bifidobacterium adolescentis, unspase had two deleted regions in its c: -terminal. these deleted regions were probably equivalent to the importan ...201222806728
antioxidative properties and inhibitory effect of bifidobacterium adolescentis on melanogenesis.melanin is a dark pigment produced by melanocytes. tyrosinase is a key enzyme which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of melanogenesis. however, accumulation of melanin leads to various skin hyperpigmentation disorders. to find a novel skin-whitening agent, the antioxidant capacity of bifidobacterium adolescentis culture filtrate and inhibitory effect on melanogenesis were investigated. the antioxidant effects of b. adolescentis culture filtrate include 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (dpph) radic ...201222806726
antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis spm1005-a on human papillomavirus type 16.probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) support a functional and balanced immune system, and contribute to immune modulatory effects in combatting microbial pathogens, including viruses. most cervical cancers are associated with anogenital region infection with high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv). in this study, we analyzed the antiviral activity of bifidobacterium adolescentis spm1005-a in the siha cervical cancer cell line expressing hpv type 16.201222788922
a targeted gene knockout method using a newly constructed temperature-sensitive plasmid mediated homologous recombination in bifidobacterium longum.bifidobacteria are the main component of the human microflora. we constructed a temperature-sensitive (ts) plasmid by random mutagenesis of the bifidobacterium-escherichia coli shuttle vector pkkt427 using error-prone pcr. mutant plasmids were introduced into bifidobacterium longum 105-a and, after screening approximately 3,000 colonies, candidate clones that grew at 30 °c but not at 42 °c were selected. according to dna sequence analysis of the ts plasmid, five silent and one missense mutations ...201222639142
selection for autochthonous bifidobacteial isolates adapted to simulated gastrointestinal fluid.bifidobacterial strains are excessively sensitive to acidic conditions and this can affect their living ability in the stomach and fermented foods, and as a result, restrict their use as live probiotic cultures. the aim of the present study was to obtain bifidobacterial isolates with augmented tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal condition using cross-protection method.201022615595
changes in growth and survival of bifidobacterium by coculture with propionibacterium in soy milk, cow's milk, and modified mrs medium.bifidobacterium adolescentis int57 (int57) and propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii atcc 13673 (atcc 13673) were grown either in coculture or as pure cultures in different media, such as cow's milk, soybean milk, and modified mrs medium. the viable cell counts of bacteria, changes in ph, concentrations of organic acids, and contents of various sugars were analyzed during incubation up to 7days. in soy milk, the survival of cocultured int57 was six times higher than the monocultured ...201222564451
cloning and characterization of ginsenoside ra1-hydrolyzing beta-d-xylosidase from bifidobacterium breve k-110.beta-d-xylosidase (e.c. 3.2.1.37) from bifidobacterium breve k-110, which hydrolyzes ginsenoside ra1 to ginsenoside rb2, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the (his6)-tagged recombinant enzyme, designated as xlybk- 110, was efficiently purified using ni²⁺-affinity chromatography (109.9-fold, 84% yield). the molecular mass of xylbk- 100 was found to be 55.7 kda by sds-page. its sequence revealed a 1,347 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein containing 448 amino acids, which sh ...201222534302
ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon.the release of energy from particulate substrates such as dietary fiber and resistant starch (rs) in the human colon may depend on the presence of specialist primary degraders (or 'keystone species') within the microbial community. we have explored the roles of four dominant amylolytic bacteria found in the human colon in the degradation and utilization of resistant starches. eubacterium rectale and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron showed limited ability to utilize rs2- and rs3-resistant starches by ...201222343308
quantification of human fecal bifidobacterium species by use of quantitative real-time pcr analysis targeting the groel gene.quantitative real-time pcr assays targeting the groel gene for the specific enumeration of 12 human fecal bifidobacterium species were developed. the housekeeping gene groel (hsp60 in eukaryotes) was used as a discriminative marker for the differentiation of bifidobacterium adolescentis, b. angulatum, b. animalis, b. bifidum, b. breve, b. catenulatum, b. dentium, b. gallicum, b. longum, b. pseudocatenulatum, b. pseudolongum, and b. thermophilum. the bifidobacterial chromosome contains a single c ...201222307308
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