Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| genomic dissection of an icelandic epidemic of respiratory disease in horses and associated zoonotic cases. | iceland is free of the major infectious diseases of horses. however, in 2010 an epidemic of respiratory disease of unknown cause spread through the country's native horse population of 77,000. microbiological investigations ruled out known viral agents but identified the opportunistic pathogen streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) in diseased animals. we sequenced the genomes of 257 isolates of s. zooepidemicus to differentiate epidemic from endemic strains. we found that al ... | 2017 | 28765219 |
| diversity of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from the spanish sheep and goat population and the identification, function and prevalence of a novel arbutin utilisation system. | the zoonotic bacterium streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is a diverse, opportunistic pathogen that can cause mastitis in dairy sheep and goats. we used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to define the genetic diversity of 60 isolates of s. zooepidemicus, which were recovered from sheep and goats in spain between 2003 and 2010. we identify a novel clonal complex based on sequence type (st), st-236, which accounted for 39 of the 60 isolates. a representative st-236 strain, ... | 2017 | 28757029 |
| estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares. | the overall goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of various therapeutic combinations of estradiol cypionate (ecp, a long-acting estrogen) and altrenogest (alt, a long-acting progestin) in addition to basic treatment for placentitis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tms) and flunixin meglumine (fm). specific outcomes measured in this experiment were (i) time from induction of bacterial placentitis to delivery, and foal parameters (high-risk, survival, and birth weight); and (ii) serum ... | 2017 | 28755579 |
| investigation of the fim1 putative pilus locus of streptococcus equi subspecies equi. | the gram-positive bacterium streptococcus equi subspecies equi (s. equi) is the causative agent of strangles, among the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses worldwide. genome analysis of s. equi strain 4047 (se4047) identified a putative operon, fim1, with similarity to the pilus loci of other gram-positive bacteria. the fim1 locus was present in all strains of s. equi and its close relative s. equi subspecies zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) that have been studied to date. in ... | 2017 | 28749324 |
| retrospective study of fatal pneumonia in racehorses. | respiratory diseases have a major impact on racehorses in training and are often cited as the second most common reason of horses failing to perform. cases were submitted by the california horse racing board to the california animal health and food safety laboratory for postmortem examination between january 1, 2005 and december 31, 2014. we determined the demographics of racehorses with fatal pneumonia, characterized the pathologic findings in animals with a postmortem diagnosis of respiratory ... | 2017 | 28681687 |
| prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from equine nasopharyngeal and guttural pouch wash samples. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is recognized as a cause of nosocomial infections in both human and veterinary medicine. studies that examine the nasopharynx and guttural pouches of the horse as carriage sites for mrsa have not been reported. | 2017 | 28661019 |
| acute fatal haemorrhagic pneumonia caused by streptococcus equi zooepidemicus in greyhounds in ireland with subsequent typing of the isolates. | 2017 | 28600445 | |
| a case-control study developing a model for predicting risk factors for high sem-specific antibody titers after natural outbreaks of streptococcus equi subsp equi infection in horses. | objective to develop a risk prediction model for factors associated with an sem-specific antibody titer ≥ 3,200 in horses after naturally occurring outbreaks of streptococcus equi subsp equi infection and to validate this model. design case-control study. animals 245 horses: 57 horses involved in strangles outbreaks (case horses) and 188 healthy horses (control horses). procedures serum samples were obtained from the 57 cases over a 27.5-month period after the start of outbreaks; serum samples w ... | 2017 | 28569630 |
| defining the abc of gene essentiality in streptococci. | utilising next generation sequencing to interrogate saturated bacterial mutant libraries provides unprecedented information for the assignment of genome-wide gene essentiality. exposure of saturated mutant libraries to specific conditions and subsequent sequencing can be exploited to uncover gene essentiality relevant to the condition. here we present a barcoded transposon directed insertion-site sequencing (tradis) system to define an essential gene list for streptococcus equi subsp. equi, the ... | 2017 | 28569133 |
| immunogenicity of phospholipase a2 toxins and their role in streptococcus equi pathogenicity. | streptococcus equi subsp. equi (s. equi) is the causative agent of strangles, one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses worldwide. phospholipase a2 toxins (pla2) cleave phospholipid molecules at position sn-2 contributing to the production of leukotrienes that are important inflammatory mediators. two homologous phospholipases, slaa and slab are encoded by the s. equi genome suggesting that pla2 toxins may contribute to its pathogenicity. here we report the immunogenicit ... | 2017 | 28532794 |
| [outbreak of nephritis by streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus: case-control study in the municipality of monte santo de minas, minas gerais, brazil, 2013]. | to investigate an outbreak of nephritis by streptococcus zooepidemicus in monte santo de minas, minas gerais state, brazil. | 2017 | 28492782 |
| discrimination of streptococcus equi subsp. equi and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | accurate and timely identification of infectious etiologies is of great significance in veterinary microbiology, especially for critical diseases such as strangles, a highly contagious disease of horses caused by streptococcus equi subsp. equi. we evaluated a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) platform for use in species- and subspecies-level identification of s. equi isolates from horses and compared it with an automated biochemical syste ... | 2017 | 28460559 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal and guttural pouch specimens to determine the optimal sampling site to detect streptococcus equi subsp equi carriers by dna amplification. | streptococcus equi subsp equi (s. equi) is the cause of "equine strangles" which is a highly infectious upper respiratory disease. detection of s. equi is influenced by site of specimen collection, method of sampling, and type of diagnostic test that is performed. we hypothesized i) that a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay that targets the s. equi-specific eqbe gene would be more sensitive than a realtime pcr assay that targets the s. equi-specific seei gene and ii) that lamp o ... | 2017 | 28335829 |
| engineering s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus towards concurrent production of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin biopolymers of biomedical interest. | glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, are not only more and more required as main ingredients in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical preparations, but also as active principles in medical devices and pharmaceutical products. however, while biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid is industrially established through fermentation of streptococcus spp. and recently bacillus subtilis, biotechnological chondroitin is not yet on the market. a non-hemolytic and hyaluro ... | 2017 | 28293868 |
| factors associated with survival in 97 horses with septic pleuropneumonia. | septic pleuropneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in horses, but there is limited data available regarding factors associated with survival. | 2017 | 28271546 |
| [spontaneous peritonitis by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus]. | 2017 | 28205430 | |
| zoonotic necrotizing myositis caused by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in a farmer. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is a beta-hemolytic group c streptococcus mainly causing infections in domesticated animals. here we describe the first case of zoonotic necrotizing myositis caused by this bacterium. | 2017 | 28201995 |
| cd44 deficiency enhanced streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus dissemination and inflammation response in a mouse model. | streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is responsible for peritonitis, septicemia, meningitis, arthritis and several other serious diseases in various species. recent studies have demonstrated that cd44 is implicated in the process of host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. in the present study, the role of cd44 in the host response to s. zooepidemicus infection was investigated in a mouse model. upon intraperitoneal infection with s. zooepidemicus, the expression of cd ... | 2017 | 28199901 |
| bacterial microbiota in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the north sea of schleswig-holstein, germany, around the time of morbillivirus and influenza epidemics. | we present microbiologic findings in harbor seal (phoca; phoca vitulina ) carcasses collected from the north sea of schleswig-holstein, germany, 1996-2014, and interpret results in relation to potential variations caused by phocine distemper virus and influenza a virus mass mortalities. we conducted microbiologic investigations on 2,124 tissue samples from lung, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes from 549 dead harbor seals of the german north sea. a large variety of bac ... | 2017 | 28139956 |
| multiplex pcr-based identification of streptococcus canis, streptococcus zooepidemicus and streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies from dogs. | streptococcus canis (s. canis), streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) and streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies (s. dysgalactiae subspecies) are β-haemolytic gram positive bacteria infecting animals and humans. s. canis and s. zooepidemicus are considered as two of the major zoonotic species of streptococcus, while more research is needed on s. dysgalactiae subspecies bacteria. in this work, a multiplex-pcr protocol was tested on strains and clinical samples to detect s. ... | 2017 | 28131378 |
| immune-mediated muscle diseases of the horse. | in horses, immune-mediated muscle disorders can arise from an overzealous immune response to concurrent infections or potentially from an inherent immune response to host muscle antigens. streptococcus equi ss. equi infection or vaccination can result in infarctive purpura hemorrhagica (iph) in which vascular deposition of iga-streptococcal m protein complexes produces ischemia and complete focal infarction of skeletal muscle and internal organs. in quarter horse-related breeds with immune-media ... | 2017 | 28129093 |
| cd44 enhances macrophage phagocytosis and plays a protective role in streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is an important pathogen associated with a wide range of diseases in many mammalian species. cd44 is a transmembrane adhesion molecule involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. the aim of this study was to determine the protective role of cd44 during s. zooepidemicus infection. cd44-deficient mice exhibited reduced macrophage accumulation in the bronchoalveolar space and enhanced bacterial outgrowth and dissemination, which resul ... | 2017 | 28062002 |
| quantification and characterization of pleural fluid in healthy dogs with thoracostomy tubes. | objective to quantify and characterize pleural fluid collected from healthy dogs after placement of a thoracostomy tube (tt). animals 8 healthy coonhound-cross dogs (mean ± sd weight, 27.2 ± 1.6 kg). procedures thoracic ct of each dog was performed before placement of a tt and daily thereafter for 7 days. thoracic fluid volume was calculated from ct images. effusion was aspirated when detected; volume was recorded, and cytologic analysis and bacterial culture were performed. results mean ± sd vo ... | 2016 | 27901387 |
| [first case report of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis in france]. | post-infectious glomerulonephritis has become exceptional in france because streptococcus infections are well-treated. when they appear, clinical and biological symptoms are mostly typical and associate acute nephritic syndrome, acute renal failure, proteinuria, hematuria and low complement. we are reporting the first french case of acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis related to streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, which is commonly found in horses and rarely in human pathology, and of ... | 2017 | 27866939 |
| evaluation of veterinary-specific interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing of streptococcus equi subspecies with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. | antimicrobial susceptibility test results for trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with streptococcus equi subspecies are interpreted based on human data for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. the veterinary-specific data generated in this study support a single breakpoint for testing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and/or trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with s. equi this study indicates trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as an acceptable surrogate for trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with s. equi. | 2017 | 27847375 |
| clinical and microbiological features of bacteremia with streptococcus equi. | streptococcus equi (se) rarely causes human infections. we identified 18 se isolates from blood cultures. the focus of infection was unknown (n = 5), arthritis (n = 3), catheter-related (n = 2), pneumonia (n = 2), or other (n = 6). there were no fatalities. several patients had animal contacts but there were no indications of clonal outbreaks. | 2017 | 27829495 |
| extracellular nucleases of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus degrade neutrophil extracellular traps and impair macrophage activity of the host. | the pathogen streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is associated with a wide range of animals, including humans, and outbreaks frequently occur in pigs, equines, and goats. thus far, few studies have assessed interactions between the host immune system and s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and how these interactions explain the wide host spectrum of s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus neutrophils, the first line of innate immunity, possess a defense mechanism called neutrophil extracellular traps (nets), ... | 2017 | 27815272 |
| virulent and vaccine strains of streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus have different influences on phagocytosis and cytokine secretion of macrophages. | swine streptococcosis is a significant threat to the chinese pig industry, and streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (sez) is one of the major pathogens. sez atcc35246 is a classical virulent strain, while sez st171 is a chinese attenuated vaccine strain. in this study, we employed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) to determine the differential response of macrophages to infection by these two strains. eighty-seven upregula ... | 2017 | 27726373 |
| effect of dose on intra-articular amikacin sulfate concentrations following intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses. | to compare synovial concentrations of amikacin following intravenous regional limb perfusion (ivrlp) with two different doses, and to compare their ability to reach target concentrations for bacterial isolates from common orthopedic conditions. | 2016 | 27684571 |
| reducing exposure to pathogens in the horse: a preliminary study into the survival of bacteria on a range of equine bedding types. | to compare the rate of growth of four microbial strains that cause disease in the horse, on four commonly used types of bedding. the moisture-holding capacity of each bedding type was also tested. | 2017 | 27659898 |
| streptococcus equi subspecies equi in horses in israel: seroprevalence and strain types. | the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the seroprevalence of streptococcus equi in israel, to monitor seropositive horses over time and to identify archived strains that were recovered from israeli horses. a serological survey of 200 healthy horses on 20 farms throughout israel was performed to detect recent exposure to s equi antigens a and c via indirect elisa. seroprevalence was 9.5 per cent (19/200) and positive horses were found in 30 per cent (6/20) of the farms. sixtee ... | 2016 | 27651915 |
| molecular characterization of virulence genes of streptococcus equi subsp. equi and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in equines. | the aim was to determine the occurrence of streptococci in equines in jammu (r. s. pura, katra), characterization of streptococci equi subsp. equi and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus with respect to their virulence traits and to determine antibiotic sensitivity pattern of virulent streptococcus isolates. | 2016 | 27651677 |
| strangles in arabian horses in egypt: clinical, epidemiological, hematological, and biochemical aspects. | respiratory tract infections are considered the major problem of equine worldwide. strangles is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory bacterial disease of equine caused by streptococcus equi. this study is aimed to evaluate some clinical and epidemiological investigation associated with strangles and to study the hematological and biochemical changes in 20 arabian horse naturally infected with s. equi during the disease and after 10 days from treatment by procaine penicillin with benza ... | 2016 | 27651668 |
| molecular surveillance of traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. | a molecular survey for traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) was conducted in italy between 2011 and 2013 on a total of 138 dogs, including 78 early acute clinically ill cird animals, 22 non-clinical but exposed to clinically ill cird dogs and 38 cird convalescent dogs. the results showed that canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) was the most commonly detected cird pathogen, followed by canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), bordetella bron ... | 2016 | 27527760 |
| a retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens in an equine hospital (2012-2015). | antimicrobial resistance has become an important concern in veterinary medicine. the aim of this study was to describe the rate of antimicrobial resistance in common equine pathogens and to determine the occurrence of multidrug-resistant isolates. a retrospective analysis of all susceptibility testing results from bacterial pathogens cultured from horses at the university of zurich equine hospital (2012-2015) was performed. strains exhibiting resistance to 3 or more antimicrobial categories were ... | 2016 | 27504838 |
| notes from the field: fatal infection associated with equine exposure - king county, washington, 2016. | on march 17, 2016, public health-seattle & king county in washington was notified of two persons who received a diagnosis of streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) infections. s. zooepidemicus is a zoonotic pathogen that rarely causes human illness and is usually associated with consuming unpasteurized dairy products or with direct horse contact (1). in horses, s. zooepidemicus is a commensal bacterium that can cause respiratory, wound, and uterine infections (2). the hea ... | 2016 | 27490189 |
| preliminary study of tissue concentrations of penicillin after local administration into the guttural pouches in four healthy horses. | treatment of subclinical carriers of streptococcus equi subsp. equi with a gelatine-penicillin formulation deposited in the guttural pouch has been empirically proposed, but data on local tissue penicillin concentrations after treatment are lacking. | 2016 | 27461348 |
| in this issue august 2016: preventive health care of pony club horses · treatment of subclinical streptococcus equi in thoroughbreds · cardiac biomarker concentrations in canine tick paralysis · lead toxicity diagnosis in two dogs · feline leprosy syndrome (fls) in a cat · skin blistering in a dog exposed to plumbago auriculata · postpartum anoestrus in seasonally-calving dairy farms in victoria · plasmodium infection in a leadbeater's possum. | 2016 | 27461345 | |
| evolution of in vitro antimicrobial resistance in an equine hospital over 3 decades. | this study identified antimicrobial resistance patterns of commonly isolated bacteria at the equine hospital of the université de montréal between 2007 and 2013, and compared the results with the resistance patterns observed in tests performed in previous decades in the same hospital. a total of 396 antimicrobial susceptibility tests were analyzed by the kirby-bauer method during the period 2007 to 2013 and compared to 233 and 255 tests completed in 1986 to 1988 and 1996 to 1998, respectively. t ... | 2016 | 27429463 |
| capsule of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus hampers the adherence and invasion of epithelial and endothelial cells and is attenuated during internalization. | direct interaction between pathogens and host cells often is a prerequisite for colonization, infection and dissemination. regulated production of capsular polysaccharide (cps), which is made of hyaluronic acid, is essential for the pathogenicity of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (sez). here, we constructed a cps-deleted mutant and analyzed it along with the parental wild-type strain in attachment and invasion of mammalian epithelial and endothelial cell lines. the cps-deleted mutant ex ... | 2016 | 27388015 |
| detection and differentiation of wild-type and a vaccine strain of streptococcus equi ssp. equi using pyrosequencing. | streptococcus equi subspecies equi (s. equi), the causative agent of strangles, is an important equine pathogen. strangles is a highly contagious disease and a commercial modified live vaccine (mlv) is used for protection, which although effective, may also result in clinical signs of the disease. a rapid means to differentiate between the mlv and wild-type infection is crucial for quarantine release and limiting the disease spread. this study describes the use of a pyrosequencing assay targetin ... | 2016 | 27317457 |
| a novel suicide shuttle plasmid for streptococcus suis serotype 2 and streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus gene mutation. | the mariner-based himar1 system has been utilized for creating mutant libraries of many gram-positive bacteria. streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2) and streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (sez) are primary pathogens of swine that threaten the swine industry in china. to provide a forward-genetics technology for finding virulent phenotype-related genes in these two pathogens, we constructed a novel temperature-sensitive suicide shuttle plasmid, pmar4s, which contains the himar1 system transposo ... | 2016 | 27256117 |
| silac and lc-ms/ms identification of streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus proteins that contribute to mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell infection. | streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (sez) causes meningitis in both humans and animals. some dissociative proteins of sez are cytotoxic to mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (mbmecs) and may contribute to the penetration of sez across the blood-brain barrier (bbb). in this study, the ability of sez to penetrate across an in vitro bbb model was confirmed. we used stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (silac) to label sez proteins with heavy or light isotope-tagged am ... | 2016 | 27178179 |
| identification and characterization of a streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus immunogenic groel protein involved in biofilm formation. | streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (s. equi spp. zooepidemicus) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes major economic losses in the swine industry in china and is also a threat for human health. biofilm formation by this bacterium has been previously reported. in this study, we used an immunoproteomic approach to search for immunogenic proteins expressed by biofilm-grown s. equi spp. zooepidemicus. seventeen immunoreactive proteins were found, of which nine common immunoreactive proteins we ... | 2016 | 27089967 |
| the arginine deiminase system facilitates environmental adaptability of streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus through ph adjustment. | the arginine deiminase system (ads) is a secondary metabolic system found in many different bacterial pathogens and it is often associated with virulence. here, a systematic study of ads functions in streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (sez) was performed. transcriptional levels of ads operon genes were observed to be significantly increased when sez was grown under acidic conditions. we constructed arca and arcd deletion mutants (sez δarca and sez δarcd, respectively) and found that sez δar ... | 2016 | 27068185 |
| hygienic characteristics and microbiological hazard identification in horse and donkey raw milk. | today the interest toward horse (equus caballus) and donkey (equus asinus) milk for human consumption is receiving a renewed attention because of its particular composition, hypoallergenicity, and nutraceutical properties. the realistic perspective of global use of this aliment in balanced diets, especially for infancy and geriatrics, poses the need for a more in depth knowledge on milk hygiene and on the health status of dairy animals, as a prerequisite of consumers' safety. the aim of this pap ... | 2017 | 27033528 |
| in silico dissection of type vii secretion system components across bacteria: new directions towards functional characterization. | type vii secretion system (t7ss) is one of the factors involved in virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. numerous research efforts have been made in the last decade towards characterizing the components of this secretion system. an extensive genome-wide analysis through compilation of isolated information is required to obtain a global view of diverse characteristics and pathogenicity-related aspects of this machinery. the present study suggests that differences in structural components ... | 2016 | 26949095 |
| targeted thrombolysis of tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase with extracellular biosynthesis nanoparticles using optimized streptococcus equi supernatant. | extracellular biosynthesis of nanoparticles have many important advantages such as well dispersed in aqueous solutions, low energy requirements, ecofriendly, non-toxic, low-costs and non-flocculate. this technique have shown significant promise as targeted drug delivery applications. in this investigation, for the first time, we examine the efficacy of targeted therapeutic delivery with t-pa and sk immobilized to biosynthesis of nanoparticles (cunp) by using streptococcus equi strains isolated f ... | 2016 | 26873394 |
| transcriptional changes are involved in phenotype switching in streptococcus equi subspecies equi. | phenotypic heterogeneity within a population of bacteria, through genetic or transcriptional variation, enables survival and persistence in challenging and changing environments. we report here that a recent clinical isolate of s. equi, strain 1691 (se1691), yielded a mixture of reduced capsule and mucoid colonies on primary isolation when grown on colistin-oxolinic acid blood agar (coba) streptococcal selective plates. passaging colonies of se1691, with a reduced capsule phenotype maintained th ... | 2016 | 26854112 |
| prevalence of streptococcus equi subsp. equi in horses and associated risk factors in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. | the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of equine strangles and to identify associated risk factors for this disease through a cross-sectional study of nasal swabs. nasal swabs (n=1010) from healthy equines (absence of nasal discharge, lymphadenopathy and cough) from 341 farms were plated on 5% blood agar; of these horses, 24 were identified as positive for streptococcus equi through isolation, pcr and dna sequencing. the estimated prevalence for individual animals was 2.3%, and for ... | 2016 | 26850537 |
| strangles: a pathogenic legacy of the war horse. | strangles, characterised by pyrexia followed by abscessation of the lymph nodes of the head and neck, was first described in 1251 (rufus 1251) and the causative agent, streptococcus equi, was identified in 1888 (schutz 1888). however, despite more than a century of research into this disease, strangles remains the most frequently diagnosed infection of horses with over 600 outbreaks being identified in the uk alone each year (parkinson and others 2011). here, andrew waller reviews some of the re ... | 2016 | 26795860 |
| septic arthritis by streptococcus equi. | 2016 | 26739911 | |
| changes in maternal androgens and oestrogens in mares with experimentally-induced ascending placentitis. | while advanced stages of ascending placentitis can be diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography and clinical signs, early stages can be missed. thus, additional tools could enhance assessment of placental health. | 2017 | 26729310 |
| streptococcus equi detection polymerase chain reaction assay for equine nasopharyngeal and guttural pouch wash samples. | bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for the detection of streptococcus equi in nasopharyngeal washes (npw) and guttural pouch lavage (gpl) samples have low sensitivity. in human diagnostics, processing of samples with flocked swabs has improved recovery rates of bacterial agents because of improved surface area and elution factors. | 2017 | 26678318 |
| capsule expression in isolates of streptococcus equi subsp. equi. | 2016 | 26572959 | |
| predictor variables for and complications associated with streptococcus equi subsp equi infection in horses. | to evaluate predictor variables for and complications associated with streptococcus equi subsp equi infection (strangles) in horses. | 2015 | 26517620 |
| production of hyaluronic acid by streptococcus zooepidemicus on protein substrates obtained from scyliorhinus canicula discards. | this work investigates the production of hyaluronic acid (h) by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in complex media formulated with peptones obtained from scyliorhinus canicula viscera by-products. initially, in batch cultures, the greatest productions were achieved using commercial media (3.03 g/l) followed by peptones from alcalase hydrolyzed viscera (2.32 g/l) and peptones from non-hydrolyzed viscera (2.26 g/l). an increase of between 12% and 15% was found in subsequent fed-batch culture ... | 2015 | 26512678 |
| [antimicrobial effect on some zoonotic bacteria, of the cell-free fermentation fluid and purified peptide fraction of the entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus budapestensis]. | many multi-resistant patogens appear continuously resulting in a permanent need for the development of novel antibiotics. a large number of antibiotics introduced in clinical and veterinary practices are not effective. antibacterial peptides with unusual mode of action may represent a promising option against multi-resistant pathogens. the entomopathogenic xenorhabdus budapestensis bacteria produce several different antimicrobial peptides compounds such as bicornutin-a and fabclavin. | 2015 | 26498898 |
| bovine vaginal strain kocuria kristinae and its characterization. | kocuria spp. are widely distributed in nature. they are gram-positive, coagulase-negative, coccoid bacteria belonging to the family micrococcaceae, suborder micrococcineae, order actinomycetales, class actinobacteria. in general, limited knowledge exists concerning the properties associated with the representants of the genus kocuria, kocuria kristinae as well. following our previous results, k. kristinae kk2014 biocenol(™) (ccm 8628) was isolated from vagina of a healthy cow. its taxonomical al ... | 2016 | 26494240 |
| characterisation of seq0694 (prsa/prtm) of streptococcus equi as a functional peptidyl-prolyl isomerase affecting multiple secreted protein substrates. | peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (ppiase) lipoproteins have been shown to influence the virulence of a number of gram-positive bacterial human and animal pathogens, most likely through facilitating the folding of cell envelope and secreted virulence factors. here, we used a proteomic approach to demonstrate that the streptococcus equi ppiase seq0694 alters the production of multiple secreted proteins, including at least two putative virulence factors (fne and idee2). we demonstrate also that, despite s ... | 2015 | 26466087 |
| rapid diagnosis of strangles (streptococcus equi subspecies equi) using pcr. | strangles is one of the most common equine infectious diseases with serious health, welfare and socio-economic impact. however, the detection of streptococcus equi subspecies equi can be challenging and persistently infected carriers are common. furthermore, the use of classical microbiology can result in an underestimation of the prevalence of the disease. the difficulties associated with the slow diagnosis of strangles can result in rapid spread of the disease. therefore, rapid and economical ... | 2015 | 26412537 |
| comparison of specificities of serum antibody responses of horses to clinical infections caused by streptococcus equi or zooepidemicus. | streptococcus zooepidemicus (sz) and its clonal derivative streptococcus equi (se) share greater than 96% dna identity and elicit immune responses to many shared proteins. identification of proteins uniquely targeted by the immune response to each infection would have diagnostic value. | 2015 | 26386491 |
| streptococcus equi meningitis. | 2016 | 26369601 | |
| delivery of tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase magnetic nanoparticles to target vascular diseases. | thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction standardly makes use of the medications streptokinase (sk) and tissue plasminogen activator (tpa). in this study, the potential of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (sio2-mnps) as nanocarriers clinical thrombolytic therapy was investigated. sio2-mnps for use in targeted therapeutic delivery of tpa and sk were prepared using a combined technique incorporating controlled precipitation and hydrothermal methods. response surface methodology (rs ... | 2015 | 26363110 |
| risk factors associated with uterine fluid after breeding caused by streptococcus zooepidemicus. | infectious endometritis is a major cause of infertility in the mare and inflicts major losses on the equine breeding industry. the ability of the mare to eliminate uterine infections has been studied intensively for decades; however, despite identification of several factors contributing to the multifactorial pathogenesis and improved treatment, infectious endometritis remains a significant problem in a subpopulation of broodmares. streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is on ... | 2015 | 26300275 |
| prophage lysin ply30 protects mice from streptococcus suis and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections. | streptococcus suis and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus are capable of infecting humans and various animals, causing significant problems for the worldwide swine industry. as antibiotic resistance has increased, lysosomal enzymes encoded by phages have shown potential for use against pathogenic bacteria. in this study, a novel bacteriophage lysin, ply30, encoded by the s. suis prophage phi30c, was recombinantly expressed and purified. ply30 showed high bacteriolysis activity on s. suis an ... | 2015 | 26253669 |
| prevalence of canine infectious respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at us animal shelters. | to determine the prevalence of nine canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at animal shelters across the united states. | 2015 | 26199194 |
| recurrent streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus bacteremia in an infant. | we describe a case of an infant with recurrent bacteremia caused by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, likely transmitted from mother to infant. our case highlights the importance of an epidemiological history and molecular diagnostics in ascertaining insights into transmission, pathogenesis, and optimal management. | 2015 | 26179301 |
| streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus pleuropneumonia and peritonitis in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) calf in north america. | a 12-week-old female dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) calf was evaluated because of acute (< 24 hours) inappetence and lethargy. the calf was being bottle-fed because of maternal rejection. | 2015 | 26176731 |
| genome specialization and decay of the strangles pathogen, streptococcus equi, is driven by persistent infection. | strangles, the most frequently diagnosed infectious disease of horses worldwide, is caused by streptococcus equi. despite its prevalence, the global diversity and mechanisms underlying the evolution of s. equi as a host-restricted pathogen remain poorly understood. here, we define the global population structure of this important pathogen and reveal a population replacement in the late 19th or early 20th century. our data reveal a dynamic genome that continues to mutate and decay, but also to am ... | 2015 | 26160165 |
| activation of persistent streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus in mares with subclinical endometritis. | endometritis in horses caused by streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) may be underdiagnosed due to traditional diagnostic methods lacking sensitivity and specificity. we serendipitously identified a bacterial growth medium (bactivate) that appeared capable of inducing growth of dormant s. zooepidemicus, which subsequently allowed detection by standard diagnostics. to assess the effect of bactivate we compared its ability to activate dormant s. zooepidemicus in a group o ... | 2015 | 26123371 |
| [streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus endocarditis]. | zoonotic infections with s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus have been reported occasionally in individuáis with exposure to farm animals, especially horses. they exceptionally present as a human pathogen. we present a s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus well documented endocarditis after a horse's female genital tract contact, and excellent surveillance with exclusive antibiotic management. | 2015 | 26065461 |
| a randomized controlled field trial of a novel trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension for treatment of streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus infection of the lower respiratory tract in horses. | to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel trimethoprim-sulfadiazine oral suspension for the treatment of naturally acquired streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus infection in horses. | 2015 | 26043133 |
| [prolonged fever streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus (endocarditis aortic complicated with mycotic aneurysm infrarenal)]. | 2016 | 25980615 | |
| rapid and accurate identification of streptococcus equi subspecies by maldi-tof ms. | streptococcus equi includes very important animal and human pathogens. s. equi subsp. equi (see) is a highly pathogenic equine specific subspecies, while s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (sez) and s. equi subsp. ruminatorum are opportunistic pathogens of various animal species and humans. due to great phenotypic and sequence similarity between three subspecies their discrimination remains difficult. in this study, we aimed to design and validate a novel, superspectra based, maldi-tof ms approach for ... | 2015 | 25944783 |
| endogenous endophthalmitis complicating streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus meningitis: a case report. | streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (streptococcus zooepidemicus) is a rare cause of meningitis in humans. humans mainly get infected by contact with an animal source or by ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products. in rare cases, bacterial meningitis can be complicated by endogenous endophthalmitis which is frequently associated with a poor visual prognosis. | 2015 | 25940309 |
| localised mitogenic activity in horses following infection with streptococcus equi. | streptococcus equi subspecies equi (s. equi) is the causative agent of strangles, a highly contagious upper respiratory disease of equids. streptococcus equi produces superantigens (sags), which are thought to contribute to strangles pathogenicity through non-specific t-cell activation and pro-inflammatory response. streptococcus equi infection induces abscesses in the lymph nodes of the head and neck. in some individuals, some abscess material remains into the guttural pouch and inspissates ove ... | 2015 | 25841794 |
| efficacy and safety of lomefloxacin on bacterial extraocular disease in the horse. | lomefloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial extraocular disease. this study investigated the efficacy and safety of lomefloxacin eye drops for bacterial extraocular disease in horses. lomefloxacin ophthalmic solution (0.3%) was instilled three times daily for 2-5 days in 65 horses diagnosed with bacterial extraocular disease based on clinical findings. clinical observations and bacteriological examinations were performed at the start of treatme ... | 2015 | 25787926 |
| fabric-skin models to assess infection transfer for impetigo contagiosa in a kindergarten scenario. | children in community bodies like kindergartens are predisposed to suffer from impetigo. to consider important measures for infection prevention, direct and indirect transmission routes of pathogens must be revealed. therefore, we studied the role of skin and fabrics in the spread of the impetigo pathogen staphylococcus aureus and the strain streptococcus equi (surrogate to streptococcus pyogenes) in order to assess infection transfer in realistic scenarios. the transmission of test strains was ... | 2015 | 25666081 |
| update on streptococcus equi subsp equi infections. | there are few diseases that ignite as much fervor among horse owners as strangles. streptococcus equi subsp equi (strangles) infections frequently require the treating veterinarian to manage not only the clinical cases but also the biosecurity and provision of information to all involved parties. although the disease is typically characterized by low mortality and high morbidity, restrictions of horse movement that result from appropriate quarantine procedures often frustrate the involved partie ... | 2015 | 25600455 |
| update on bacterial pneumonia and pleuropneumonia in the adult horse. | bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract in adult horses occur when bacteria from the nasopharynx reach the lower airways and overwhelm normal defense mechanisms. although streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus is the most commonly isolated bacterial species, mixed infections are possible. tracheobronchial aspiration for microbiologic culture and sensitivity is suggested in cases presenting with severe clinical signs or not responding to treatment. early intervention and appropriate a ... | 2015 | 25600453 |
| alpha-fetoprotein is present in the fetal fluids and is increased in plasma of mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis. | the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine alpha-fetoprotein (afp) concentrations in fetal fluids (ff), and (ii) compare plasma concentrations of afp in mares with placentitis (n=17) and gestationally age-matched control mares (n=17). fetal fluid sampling (ffs, n=7/group) was performed at 0, 5 and 12 days post inoculation (dpi) or until abortion. plasma was harvested daily for 12 days or until abortion. placentitis was induced via intracervical inoculation of streptococcus equi ssp. zoo ... | 2015 | 25599591 |
| vaccination with a live multi-gene deletion strain protects horses against virulent challenge with streptococcus equi. | strangles, caused by streptococcus equi subspecies equi (s. equi) is one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses and there remains a significant need to develop new preventative vaccines. we generated a live vaccine strain of s. equi containing deletions in six genes: saga, hasa, arob, pyrc, sem and reca, which was administered to nine welsh mountain ponies via the intramuscular route. four vaccinated ponies developed adverse reactions following the first vaccination from ... | 2015 | 25597942 |
| identification of novel genes expressed during host infection in streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus atcc35246. | infection with streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (streptococcus zooepidemicus, sez) can cause septicemia, meningitis, and mastitis in domesticated species. identification of this organism's virulence factors is an effective way of clarifying its pathogenic mechanism. we employed in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) to find bacterial genes that were only expressed or upregulated in an infected host (ivi genes). convalescent-phase sera from pigs infected with sez were pooled, adsorbed ag ... | 2015 | 25595678 |
| streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections associated with guinea pigs. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is a known zoonotic pathogen. in this public health investigation conducted in virginia, usa, in 2013, we identified a probable family cluster of s. zooepidemicus cases linked epidemiologically and genetically to infected guinea pigs. s. zooepidemicus infections should be considered in patients who have severe clinical illness and report guinea pig exposure. | 2015 | 25531424 |
| bivalent ligation of the collagen-binding modules of fibronectin by sfs, a non-anchored bacterial protein of streptococcus equi. | sfs is a non-anchored protein of streptococcus equi subspecies equi that causes upper respiratory infection in horses. sfs has been shown to bind to fibronectin (fn) and block interaction of fn with type i collagen. we have characterized interactions of a recombinant 60-mer polypeptide, r1r2, with fn. r1r2 contains two copies of collagen-like 19-residue repeats. experiments utilizing various fn fragments and epitope-mapped anti-fn monoclonal antibodies located the binding site to (8-9)fni module ... | 2014 | 25525266 |
| the prophage-encoded hyaluronate lyase has broad substrate specificity and is regulated by the n-terminal domain. | streptococcus equi is the causative agent of the highly contagious disease "strangles" in equines and zoonotic meningitis in human. spreading of infection in host tissues is thought to be facilitated by the bacterial gene encoded extracellular hyaluronate lyase (hl), which degrades hyaluronan (ha), chondroitin 6-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate of the extracellular matrix). the clinical strain s. equi 4047 however, lacks a functional extracellular hl. the prophages of s. equi and other streptococci ... | 2014 | 25378402 |
| new perspectives for the diagnosis, control, treatment, and prevention of strangles in horses. | strangles, characterized by abscessation of the lymph nodes of the head and neck, is the most frequently diagnosed infectious disease of horses worldwide. the persistence of the causative agent, streptococcus equi, in a proportion of convalescent horses plays a critical role in the recurrence and spread of disease. recent research has led to the development of effective diagnostic tests that assist the eradication of s equi from local horse populations. this article describes how these advances ... | 2014 | 25300634 |
| structural and functional analysis of the fibronectin-binding protein fne from streptococcus equi spp. equi. | streptococcus equi is a horse pathogen belonging to lancefield group c. infection by s. equi ssp. equi causes strangles, a serious and highly contagious disease of the upper respiratory tract. s. equi ssp. equi secretes a fibronectin (fn)-binding protein, fne, that does not contain cell wall-anchoring motifs. fne binds to the gelatin-binding domain (gbd) of fn, composed of the motifs (6) fi (12) fii (789) fi . fne lacks the canonical fn-binding peptide repeats observed in many microbial surface ... | 2014 | 25290767 |
| [postvaccinal fatal streptococcus zooepidemicus necrotizing fasciitis in a young dog: a case report]. | a 2.5-years-old female mongrel dog was routinely subcutaneously vaccinated. a few hours later mental dullness was noticed by the owner progressing into stupor the next day and resulting in a comatose state and death within 48 hours after vaccination. at post mortem examination, which was extended with histology and bacteriology, a necrotizing fasciitis and bacteremia caused by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus were established. in the isolated streptococcus strain four different superantig ... | 2014 | 25272902 |
| prevalence and disease associations of superantigens szef, szen and szep in the s. zooepidemicus population and possible functional redundancy of szef. | streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) causes a variety of infections in a broad range of species. this study broadens prevalence data for three recently identified novel superantigens (szef, szen, and szep) to define links between their presence and disease type. screening of 437 strains across 190 sequence types (sts) revealed that 50% of strains contained superantigen genes. results confirmed that the presence of s. zooepidemicus superantigen genes is significantly ass ... | 2014 | 25267286 |
| neutrophil extracellular traps formation by bacteria causing endometritis in the mare. | besides the classical functions, neutrophils (pmns) are able to release dna in response to infectious stimuli, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) and killing pathogens. the pathogenesis of endometritis in the mare is not completely understood. the aim was to evaluate the in vitro capacity of equine pmns to secrete nets by chemical activation, or stimulated with streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (szoo), escherichia coli (ecoli) or staphylococcus capitis (scap) strains obtaine ... | 2014 | 25218891 |
| large intra-abdominal abscess treatment by marsupialization in 2 alpacas. | to report the clinical signs, diagnostic findings, surgical treatment, postoperative complications, and long-term outcome in 2 adult alpacas with large intra-abdominal abscesses treated by marsupialization of the abscess to the ventral body wall. | 2014 | 25209613 |
| efficacy of a parapoxvirus ovis-based immunomodulator against equine herpesvirus type 1 and streptococcus equi equi infections in horses. | the efficacy of zylexis®, an immunomodulator in horses based on inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (ippvo), was assessed using an equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) challenge model in the presence of a natural infection with streptococcus equi equi (s. equi). eleven horses were treated with ippvo and twelve were kept as controls. six horses were challenged with ehv-1 and commingled with the horses on study. animals were dosed on days -2, 0 (just before commingling) and day 7. on day 11 significantly l ... | 2014 | 25153651 |
| inflammation-induced haemostatic response in layer chickens infected with streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus as evaluated by fibrinogen, prothrombin time and thromboelastography. | streptococcus zooepidemicus has recently been shown to be a severe pathogen in layer chickens, where it is able to cause serious lesions in the vascular system. to evaluate the haemostatic response, 10 layer chickens were inoculated intravenously with s. zooepidemicus. four hypotheses were tested: that the infection-induced inflammation would increase the plasma fibrinogen (fbg) concentration, would prolong the prothrombin time (pt) and would prompt hypercoagulability or hypocoagulability as ass ... | 2014 | 25017320 |
| the antiphagocytic activity of sem of streptococcus equi requires capsule. | resistance to phagocytosis is a crucial virulence property of streptococcus equi (streptococcus equi subsp. equi; se), the cause of equine strangles. the contribution and interdependence of capsule and sem to killing in equine blood and neutrophils were investigated in naturally occurring strains of se. strains cf32, sf463 were capsule and sem positive, strains lex90, lex93 were capsule negative and sem positive and strains se19, se1-8 were capsule positive and sem deficient. phagocytosis and ki ... | 2014 | 25013359 |
| infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations. | animal hoarders accumulate animals in over-crowded conditions without adequate nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care. as a result, animals rescued from hoarding frequently have a variety of medical conditions including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disease, parasitism, malnutrition, and other evidence of neglect. the purpose of this study was to characterize the infectious diseases carried by clinically affected cats and to determine the prevalence of retroviral infections among ... | 2014 | 24934262 |
| serum amyloid a and haptoglobin concentrations are increased in plasma of mares with ascending placentitis in the absence of changes in peripheral leukocyte counts or fibrinogen concentration. | currently, placentitis, an important cause of late pregnancy loss in mares, is diagnosed by clinical signs and ultrasonography. acute phase proteins (app) are mainly produced and secreted by the liver in response to acute inflammatory stimuli. we hypothesized that app are increased in mares with placentitis. | 2014 | 24916762 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detecting streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and analysis of its use with three simple methods of extracting dna from equine respiratory tract specimens. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is a dominant pathogenic bacterium in equine pneumonia. we developed a specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method, which targets the gene encoding sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase (sord), for detecting s. zooepidemicus and examined the clinical efficacies of its use in combination with each of 3 dna extraction methods easily used by veterinary practitioners, namely the loopamp pure dna extraction kit, instagene mat ... | 2014 | 24871644 |
| hyaluronic acid production with corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. | corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (ha). | 2014 | 24863652 |