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blood as a route of transmission of uterine pathogens from the gut to the uterus in cows.metritis is an inflammatory disease of the uterus caused by bacterial infection, particularly bacteroides, porphyromonas, and fusobacterium. bacteria from the environment, feces, or vagina are believed to be the only sources of uterine contamination. blood seeps into the uterus after calving; therefore, we hypothesized that blood could also be a seeding source of uterine bacteria. herein, we compared bacterial communities from blood, feces, and uterine samples from the same cows at 0 and 2 days ...201728841911
bacteraemia and liver abscess due to fusobacterium necrophorum.fusobacterium necrophorum is the oropharyngeal pathogen usually associated with lemierre's syndrome, a pharyngeal infection which evolves to sepsis, septic emboli and thrombophlebitis of the adjacent neck vessels. it is an uncommon causative bacteria of a liver abscess, and an extensive workup should, therefore, be performed in order to rule out potential sources of the infection. this case report describes the workup that led to the diagnosis of a colorectal carcinoma, which was deemed to be th ...201728754755
presence of bacteria in the endometrium and placentomes of pregnant cows.bacterial invasion of the bovine uterus during the postpartum period occurs in most cows, but the general consensus is that these bacteria are eliminated before the next pregnancy. the pregnant uterus has therefore hitherto been considered a sterile environment, but this assumption has now been challenged by recent studies in humans, which indicate that bacteria can be present in the placenta of term pregnancies without causing abortion. the aim of the present study was therefore to investigate ...201728708498
prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum and other upper respiratory tract pathogens isolated from throat swabs.fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, gram-negative rod, has been identified recently as a significant cause of persistent sore throat syndrome (psts). this disease is characterised by chronic, recurrent or persistent sore throat, which is believed to respond poorly to penicillin in vivo. the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of f. necrophorum in all throat swabs received in our diagnostic microbiology department and to compare the results with those for other recognised respirat ...200528705126
pulmonary empyema caused by co-infections of mycoplasma pneumoniae and fusobacterium necrophorum: a rare case of lemierre syndrome. 201728698043
a six-month audit of the isolation of fusobacterium necrophorum from patients with sore throat in a district general hospital.fusobacterium necrophorum is an obligate anaerobe believed to be a member of the normal flora of the human oropharangeal and urogenital tract. it has been associated with deep-seated infections and was first described in 1936 by lemierre, a french microbiologist. there is now strong evidence to suggest that it is also a cause of recurrent sore throat and persistent sore throat syndrome (psts) without leading to full systemic infection. it is considered to be the second most common cause of sore ...200728696888
fissuration of vertebral artery mycotic aneurysm due to lemierre syndrome. 201728652095
the long shadow of lemierre's syndrome.lemierre's syndrome is a rare and feared complication of pharyngitis, occurring most commonly in adolescents and young adults. it is typically defined by the constellation of septic internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, pulmonary and other septic emboli, and sterilesite infection by fusobacterium necrophorum. the rarity and severity of lemierre's syndrome has made it an attractive subject for case reports but there is a paucity of evidence to inform areas of persistent uncertainty. in recent y ...201728646962
septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, a case of lemierre's syndrome.an 18-year-old gentleman with a history of recurrent tonsillitis presented to the emergency room complaining of worsening sore throat. he was found to have a peritonisillar abscess, and imaging revealed a non-occlusive left internal jugular vein thrombosis. lemierre's syndrome is a rare, potentially fatal condition characterized by internal jugular vein thrombosis with septicemia following an acute oropharyngeal infection. while anticoagulation is the mainstay of treatment of deep venous thrombo ...201728580216
pathogenesis and treatment of bovine foot rot.bovine foot rot (bfr) is an infectious disease of the interdigital skin and subcutaneous tissues of beef and dairy cattle that occurs under a variety of management and environmental settings. the anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria fusobacterium necrophorum, porphyromonas levii, and prevotella intermedia are commonly isolated from lesions. a multitude of host, agent, and environmental factors contribute to the development of bfr. initiation of systemic antimicrobial therapy early in the course of ...201728579042
mixed species biofilms of fusobacterium necrophorum and porphyromonas levii impair the oxidative response of bovine neutrophils in vitro.biofilms composed of anaerobic bacteria can result in persistent infections and chronic inflammation. host immune cells have difficulties clearing biofilm-related infections and this can result in tissue damage. neutrophils are a vital component of the innate immune system and help clear biofilms. the comparative neutrophilic response to biofilms versus planktonic bacteria remains incompletely understood, particularly in the context of mixed infections. the objective of this study was to generat ...201728526497
mathematical modeling of ovine footrot in the uk: the effect of dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum on the disease dynamics.dichelobacter nodosus is a virulent, invasive, anaerobic bacterium that is believed to be the causative agent of ovine footrot, an infectious bacterial disease of sheep that causes lameness. another anaerobe, fusobacterium necrophorum, has been intimately linked with the disease occurrence and severity. here we examine data from a longitudinal study of footrot on one uk farm, including quantitative pcr (qpcr) estimates of bacterial load of d. nodosus and f. necrophorum. the data is at foot level ...201728461081
prevalence of group c streptococcus and fusobacterium necrophorum in patients with sore throat: a meta-analysis.the prevalence of group c beta-hemolytic streptococcus and fusobacterium necrophorum among patients with sore throat in the outpatient setting has not been previously summarized. we set out to derive prevalence information from the existing literature.201628376443
three variants of the leukotoxin gene in human isolates of fusobacterium necrophorum subspecies funduliforme.leukotoxin is a well-known virulence factor of animal isolates of fusobacterium necrophorum subspecies necrophorum, and is also expressed by animal isolates of subspecies funduliforme, whereas its presence in isolates from humans has not been fully established. in this study we found that the leukotoxin gene was present in all tested f. necrophorum isolates from humans. three sequence variants were found, two of which have not been described previously. the sequence types correlated to source of ...201728330774
peritonsillar abscess: clinical aspects of microbiology, risk factors, and the association with parapharyngeal abscess.pta is a collection of pus located between the tonsillar capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. it is considered a complication of acute tonsillitis and is the most prevalent deep neck infection (approximately 2000 cases annually in denmark) and cause of acute admission to danish ent departments. teenagers and young adults are most commonly affected and males may predominate over females. however, no studies of age- and gender-stratified incidence rates have previously been published. fu ...201728260599
bacterial invasion of the uterus and oviducts in bovine pyometra.pyometra is a common disease of cattle that causes infertility and thereby financial losses to the cattle industry. bacteria involved in the development and progression of pyometra have been investigated by microbial culture but their tissue invading abilities, which is an important aspect of bacterial pathogenicity and development of lesions, have not been investigated. bacterial invasion of the uterus and oviducts was studied in 21 cows diagnosed with pyometra at the time of slaughter by apply ...201728257873
otogenic temporomandibular arthritis in children.septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (satmj) is a very rare but potentially severe complication of pediatric middle ear infections because it presents risks of tmj ankylosis.201728253398
a rare case of fusobacterium necrophorum liver abscesses.liver abscesses are an uncommon disease that can present with vague symptoms. fusobacterium necrophorum causing liver abscesses is a rare condition and only a few cases have been reported. an 88-year-old female presented to her primary care physician with one week of fevers, night sweats, chills, fatigue and vague right upper quadrant abdominal pain. she denied nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea and unintentional weight loss. a computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed two liver absce ...201728243433
presence and localization of bacteria in the bovine endometrium postpartum using fluorescence in situ hybridization.the aim of this study was to investigate bacterial invasiveness of the bovine endometrium during the postpartum period. fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to endometrial biopsies using probes for fusobacterium necrophorum, porphyromonas levii, trueperella pyogenes, escherichia coli and a probe for bacteria in general (the overall domain bacteria) to determine their tissue localization. holstein cows were sampled at three time points postpartum (t1: 4-12 days postpartum, t2: 24-32 day ...201728237333
prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum in children presenting with pharyngitis.fusobacterium necrophorum, an obligate anaerobic bacterium, was recently reported to be an important cause of bacterial pharyngitis with a prevalence as high as that of group a streptococcus (gas) in adolescents and young adults. importantly, f. necrophorum is the primary causative agent of the life-threatening lemierre's syndrome, and screening of pharyngeal samples may be warranted for its early detection and prevention. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalences of f. necrophorum ...201728122872
in vivo antianaerobe activity of ds-8587, a new fluoroquinolone, against fusobacterium necrophorum in a mouse model.ds-8587 is a novel parenteral fluoroquinolone, which has an activity equivalent to sitafloxacin against various pathogens including anaerobes. we examined the in vivo anti-anaerobic activity of ds-8587, and compared it with that of levofloxacin (lvfx), using a murine model of fusobacterium necrophorum-induced liver abscess developed via blood borne infection. mice with liver abscess infection caused by f. necrophorum were treated with saline (control), ds-8587 (0.8, 4, and 20 mg/kg twice daily), ...201728109739
fusobacterium necrophorum pharyngitis complicated by lemierre's syndrome.we report the case of an 18-year-old woman who was referred to our outpatient clinic because of a 2-week history of sore throat, high fever, and neck tenderness unresponsive to a 7-day amoxicillin/clavulanic acid course. infectious mononucleosis was initially suspected, but an extremely high value of procalcitonin and clinical deterioration suggested a bacterial sepsis, prompting the patient admission to our internal medicine ward. blood cultures were positive for fusobacterium necrophorum. ct s ...201628050168
fusobacterium necrophorum tonsillitis with mild case of lemierre's syndrome. 201728040511
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus as a cause of lemierre's syndrome.lemierre's syndrome (ls) or jugular vein suppurative thrombophlebitis is well described in literature. the organisms most often responsible are fusobacterium necrophorum or anaerobic flora. we present a case of ls with an atypical microbiologic cause, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. we also present retrospective review of all ls cases from our institution and identified 2 additional children with ls caused by methicillin-resistant s. aureus.201727977559
[design of artificial foetor flatus based on bacterial volatile compounds].excessive flatulence can be a huge social problem. the purpose of this study was to design artificial flatus from bacterial volatile compounds to stimulate research into neutralizing measures.201627966414
a longitudinal cohort study of acute puerperal metritis cases in swedish dairy cows.acute puerperal metritis affects cows during the early postpartum period and causes fever, fetid vaginal discharge and general depression. the disease is severe and treatment with antimicrobials is often required. this study followed 79 swedish dairy cows with acute puerperal metritis with registered treatment and outcome in terms of recovery. bacteria isolated from the uterus and their susceptibility to penicillin were studied. clinical cases were assigned by participating practitioners who exa ...201627832812
comparing culture and molecular methods for the identification of microorganisms involved in necrotizing soft tissue infections.necrotizing soft tissue infections (nstis) are a group of infections affecting all soft tissues. nsti involves necrosis of the afflicted tissue and is potentially life threatening due to major and rapid destruction of tissue, which often leads to septic shock and organ failure. the gold standard for identification of pathogens is culture; however molecular methods for identification of microorganisms may provide a more rapid result and may be able to identify additional microorganisms that are n ...201627821087
the role of dna amplification and cultural growth in complicated acute appendicitis.bacterial growth of peritoneal fluid specimens obtained during surgical procedures for acute appendicitis may be useful to optimize further antibiotic therapy in complicated cases. dna amplification represents a fast technique to detect microbial sequences. we aimed to compare the potential of dna amplification versus traditional bacterial growth culture highlighting advantages and drawbacks in a surgical setting. peritoneal fluid specimens were collected during surgery from 36 children who unde ...201627777701
semi-quantitative digital analysis of polymerase chain reaction-electrophoresis gel: potential applications in low-income veterinary laboratories.the interpretation of conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay results is often limited to either positive or negative (non-detectable). the more robust quantitative pcr (qpcr) method is mostly reserved for quantitation studies and not a readily accessible technology in laboratories across developing nations. the aim of this study was to evaluate a semi-quantitative method for conventional pcr amplicons using digital image analysis of electrophoretic gel. the potential applications are ...201627733792
[let us not forget the lemierre's syndrome.]lemierre's syndrome is a dangerous potential sequela of pharyngitis that results in septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. a high index of suspicion is needed to consider this diagnosis in the workup of pharyngitis and should be aggressively treated once. gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, mainly fusobacterium necrophorum are implicated. before the antibiotic era, lemierre's syndrome was common and often fatal. but with the introduction of penicillin in the 1940s, the incidence of ...201627727258
application of chitosan microparticles for treatment of metritis and in vivo evaluation of broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in cow uteri.uterine disease such as metritis is associated with multiple bacterial infections in the uteri after parturition. however, treatment of metritis is challenging due to considerably high antibiotic treatment failure rate with unknown reason. recently, chitosan microparticles (cm) have been developed to exert broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens, including multi-drug resistant bacteria, without raising cm resistant mutants. in this study, we tested, using metagenomics a ...201627710834
fusobacterium necrophorum findings in denmark from 2010 to 2014 using data from the danish microbiology database.fusobacterium necrophorum findings in denmark and estimation of the incidence of f. necrophorum bacteraemia was described using data from the nationwide danish microbiology database (miba). all microbiological reports on any fusobacterium species in denmark were extracted for a period of 5 years from 2010 to 2014 from miba and from the local department of clinical microbiology. the overall incidence of f. necrophorum bacteraemia from 2010 to 2014 was 2.8 cases per million/year vs 9.4 in the age ...201627704629
lemierre's syndrome: current perspectives on diagnosis and management.this is a systematic review of cases with lemierre's syndrome (ls) in the past 5 years. ls is characterized by sepsis often evolving after a sore throat or tonsillitis and then complicated by various septic emboli and thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. symptoms include sepsis, pain, and/or swelling in the throat or neck, as well as respiratory symptoms. laboratory findings show elevated infectious parameters and radiological findings show thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and emboli ...201627695351
the role of fusobacterium necrophorum in pharyngotonsillitis - a review.fusobacterium necrophorum is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is the causative agent of the invasive disease lemierre's syndrome. in addition, it is also associated with peritonsillar abscess formation and otitis media in small children. recent research has shown that f. necrophorum may be involved in pharyngotonsillitis especially in adolescent and young adults and that it may be the second most common bacterial cause of pharyngotonsillitis after streptococcus pyogenes (group a streptoc ...201627693542
reducing exposure to pathogens in the horse: a preliminary study into the survival of bacteria on a range of equine bedding types.to compare the rate of growth of four microbial strains that cause disease in the horse, on four commonly used types of bedding. the moisture-holding capacity of each bedding type was also tested.201727659898
prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum in tonsils from patients with chronic tonsillitis.there was a high prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum (fn) in patients with chronic tonsillitis in the age group 15-23 years. this indicates that fn might play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis in this age group, which is also the age group in which chronic or recurrent tonsillitis is most common.201727659315
a systematic review of fusobacterium necrophorum-positive acute tonsillitis: prevalence, methods of detection, patient characteristics, and the usefulness of the centor score.the purpose of this study was to review the current evidence for an association between fusobacterium necrophorum (fn) and acute tonsillitis (at), to assess the prevalence of fn in at, to identify the better fn detection method, and to characterize the clinical characteristics of fn-positive patients with uncomplicated at. a systematic literature search was conducted in the pubmed, embase, and swemed+ databases for studies reporting on the recovery rates of fn in patients with at. a total of 498 ...201627568201
a rare cause of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: fusobacterium infection-a case report and review of the literature.hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a rare syndrome characterized by excessive activation of the immune system. bacterial infections are very rare precipitants of this disease. a 19-year-old gentleman presented with headache, fatigue, and malaise. he was found to be hypotensive, tachycardic, and febrile. broad spectrum antibiotics were initiated, and a lumbar puncture ruled out meningitis. patient progressively developed shock that required use of vasopressors, as well as renal and respi ...201627563473
[sepsis due to fusobacteria in a young adult].fusobacteria belong to the normal population of the pharyngeal mucosa as well as the mucosa of the upper airways and the gastrointestinal tract. infections are comparatively rare. the most common causative organism is fusobacterium necrophorum. a well-known infection caused by this germ is lemierre's syndrome. in the presented case, a 19-year-old man (123 kg body weight, 186 cm body length) was found dead in his bed in the morning after having complained of muscular fatigue and vomiting the prev ...201627386622
ovine footrot: new insights into bacterial colonisation.ovine footrot is characterised by interdigital dermatitis (id) and by the separation of the skin and hoof horn (under-running footrot). dichelobacter nodosus is the essential pathogen causing footrot; the role of other microorganisms in this disease remains unclear. the aims of this study were (i) to investigate the colonisation of d nodosus, fusobacterium necrophorum and treponema species in biopsies from the ovine interdigital skin of healthy, id and footrot-affected feet and (ii) to character ...201627317761
fusobacterium necrophorum in north american bighorn sheep ( ovis canadensis ) pneumonia.fusobacterium necrophorum has been detected in pneumonic bighorn sheep (bhs; ovis canadensis ) lungs, in addition to the aerobic respiratory pathogens mannheimia haemolytica , bibersteinia trehalosi , pasteurella multocida , and mycoplasma ovipneumoniae . similar to m. haemolytica , f. necrophorum produces a leukotoxin. leukotoxin-induced lysis and degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) and macrophages are responsible for acute inflammation and lung tissue damage characteristic of ...201627224212
severe sepsis associated with lemierre's syndrome: a rare but life-threatening disease.background. the incidence of lemierre's syndrome has increased in the past decade. this posttonsillitis complication may be life threatening. case presentation. a 19-year-old patient was admitted to surgical intensive care unit of a french university hospital for high fever, low blood pressure, and haemoptysis following a sore throat episode. blood analysis revealed a thrombopenia, an acute renal failure, and an elevated lactate serum. fusobacterium necrophorum was found in blood cultures. compu ...201627127661
modulation of the orodigestive tract microbiome in hiv-infected patients.more than 37 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv), and more people than ever received lifesaving antiretroviral therapy worldwide. hiv-1 infection disrupts the intestinal immune system, leading to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. we investigated the impact of hiv-1 infection on the gi microbiome and its association with host immune activation. the data indicated that the microbiome was different in hiv-positive and hiv-negative individuals. t ...201627109275
infectious lameness among migratory sheep and goats in north-west india, with particular focus on anaerobes.various bacterial species, particularly dichelobacter nodosus, fusobacterium necrophorum, trueperella pyogenes (previously arcanobacterium pyogenes) and treponema spp., have been implicated in infectious conditions manifesting in lameness in sheep and goat populations. the current study reports the causes of infectious lameness in the north-western himalayan region, particularly himachal pradesh (hp), where no such study has been conducted in the past. among a total surveyed population of 27,586 ...201527044157
potential bacterial core species associated with digital dermatitis in cattle herds identified by molecular profiling of interdigital skin samples.although treponemes are consistently identified in tissue from bovine digital dermatitis (dd) lesions, the definitive etiology of this debilitating polymicrobial disease is still unresolved. to study the microbiomes of 27 dd-infected and 10 healthy interdigital skin samples, we used a combination of different molecular methods. deep sequencing of the 16s rrna gene variable regions v1-v2 showed that treponema, mycoplasma, fusobacterium and porphyromonas were the genera best differentiating the dd ...201627016768
fusobacterium necrophorum otitis and mastoiditis in infants and young toddlers.there is an increased recovery of fusobacterium necrophorum from cases of otitis media and mastoiditis in the pediatric population. these infections may be highly severe, causing local osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and lemierre's syndrome. the severity and difficulties in providing optimal treatment for these infections may be especially difficult in this age group due to immunological immaturity and delayed presentation. in this review of literature, we present and analyze the clinical presentatio ...201626951264
hepatic abscess caused by fusobacterium necrophorum after a trip to the dentist.a 57-year-old man with no significant medical history was admitted to the hospital, with high-grade fever and right upper quadrant pain. he was found, on abdominal ultrasound, to have a right lobe hepatic cystic lesion. mri of the abdomen confirmed a hepatic abscess. cultures obtained under ct guidance showed the abscess to be caused by fusobacterium necrophorum. this is a rare bacterium that can cause potentially fatal liver abscesses. following drainage and intravenous antibiotic treatment, th ...201626933183
lemierre syndrome of the femoral vein, related to fusobacterium necrophorum abscess of vastus lateralis.lemierre syndrome is an uncommon, potentially lethal disorder combining acute oropharyngeal infection caused by fusobacterium necrophorum, with jugular vein suppurative thrombosis, complicated by anaerobic sepsis with secondary multiple metastatic abscesses. optimal treatment outcome with reduced or absence of sequelae can be achieved with early diagnosis.201626899519
a case of lemierre's syndrome with a brief literature review.the last fifteen years have witnessed a remarkable increase in the reported cases of lemierre's syndrome (ls), which was once called the forgotten disease. ls manifests as oropharyngitis and a blood stream infection with fusobacterium necrophorum and internal jugular vein thrombosis. ls is a challenge for clinicians, as it is often difficult to diagnose and is associated with significant morbidity. in recognition of the importance of raising the awareness about rare diseases, herein, we describe ...201726876432
gastrointestinal variant of lemierre's syndrome complicating ruptured appendicitis.fusobacterium necrophorum is a non-spore-forming, obligate anaerobic, filamentous, gramnegative bacillus that frequently colonizes the human oral cavity, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. fusobacterium species have rarely been implicated in cases of gastrointestinal variant of lemierre's syndrome. we describe a case of f. necrophorum bacteremia associated with suppurative porto-mesenteric vein thrombosis (pvt) following acute ruptured appendicitis. in addition, we list the documente ...201526793462
unusual neurological presentation of fusobacterium necrophorum disease.a 2-year-old girl presented to hospital, with reduced consciousness and fever. she had a 4-week history of fever treated with two courses of amoxicillin for tonsillitis diagnosed in primary care. neuroimaging revealed multiple cerebral abscesses and subdural empyema. pus aspirated from the intracranial collections grew fusobacterium necrophorum and meropenem was started. following neurosurgery, the patient continued to be agitated with fluctuating fever. she underwent close monitoring with regul ...201626759436
the forgotten one: lemierre's syndrome due to gram-negative rods prevotella bacteremia.lemierre's syndrome (ls) is a rare syndrome caused by an acute oropharyngeal infection with metastatic spreading. it was described in 1939 as jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis associated with retropharyngeal infection. different organisms can cause ls, such as fusobacterium species, peptostreptococcus, group b and c, streptococcus, staphylococcus, and enterococcus species, but the most commonly isolated pathogen is fusobacterium necrophorum, a common oral flora. management depends on the init ...201626751621
a case of lemierre's syndrome with septic shock and complicated parapneumonic effusions requiring intrapleural fibrinolysis.lemierre's syndrome is a septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, which can lead to severe systemic illness. we report a case of an otherwise healthy 26-year-old man who suffered from pharyngitis followed by septic shock requiring intubation and vasopressor support from fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia. the septic emboli to his lungs caused complicated bilateral parapneumonic effusions, which recurred after initial drainage. he required bilateral chest tubes and intrapleural tpa ...201526744664
bacteraemia caused by fusobacterium necrophorum: a clinical approach to lemierre's syndrome. 201526738404
[loco-regional complications of pharyngitis: the example of lemierre's syndrome].pharyngitis is a common cause of consultation in ambulatory medicine. although it is benign in most cases, serious complications may happen and must be recognized quickly. lemierre's syndrome is one of them. it consists in the association of thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and septic emboli that generally involve the lungs and is classically associated with fusobacterium necrophorum. it is usually found in young and healthy adults and has an estimated mortality of 5%. diagnosis relies es ...201526638515
a quasi-universal medium to break the aerobic/anaerobic bacterial culture dichotomy in clinical microbiology.in the mid-19th century, the dichotomy between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was introduced. nevertheless, the aerobic growth of strictly anaerobic bacterial species such as ruminococcus gnavus and fusobacterium necrophorum, in a culture medium containing antioxidants, was recently demonstrated. we tested aerobically the culture of 623 bacterial strains from 276 bacterial species including 82 strictly anaerobic, 154 facultative anaerobic, 31 aerobic and nine microaerophilic bacterial species as ...201626577141
bovine vaginal strain kocuria kristinae and its characterization.kocuria spp. are widely distributed in nature. they are gram-positive, coagulase-negative, coccoid bacteria belonging to the family micrococcaceae, suborder micrococcineae, order actinomycetales, class actinobacteria. in general, limited knowledge exists concerning the properties associated with the representants of the genus kocuria, kocuria kristinae as well. following our previous results, k. kristinae kk2014 biocenol(™) (ccm 8628) was isolated from vagina of a healthy cow. its taxonomical al ...201626494240
pediatric disseminated lemierre syndrome in 2 infants: not too young for an ancient disease.the lemierre syndrome is characterized by an oropharyngeal infection, thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, and multiple septic metastases. fusobacterium necrophorum is a common cause of it. the incidence is 0.6 to 2.3 cases per million with a mortality rate of 4% to 18%. its fast evolution and the possibility of severe complications require a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis. we present 2 infants with lemierre syndrome. the younger case, a 6-month-old infant, was fully recovered. in ...201526466147
erratum for holm et al., activation of the contact system at the surface of fusobacterium necrophorum represents a possible virulence mechanism in lemièrre's syndrome. 201526450975
[noma/cancrum oris: a neglected disease].noma is an aggressive orofacial gangrenous pathology that damages hard and soft tissues of the mouth and the face. throughout the centuries it has been present around the globe, but nowadays it has practically disappeared from developed countries and mainly affects children from the most disadvantaged places, especially in africa. noma disease is a multifactorial process; malnutrition, debilitating diseases (bacterial or viral systemic diseases, hiv-associated immunosuppression, etc.) and intrao ...201526437752
periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: a reservoir for pathogens of medical importance.the ecological diversity of the periodontal microenvironment may provide suitable conditions for the colonization of species not usually considered members of the oral microbiota. in this investigation, we aimed to determine the prevalence and levels of pathogenic species of medical relevance in the microbiota of individuals with distinct periodontal clinical status. subgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (h, n = 81), gingivitis (g, n = 55), generalized aggressive ...201626416306
lemierre disease: a case with multilevel epidural abscess and aggressive neurological weakness: case report and literature review.lemierre disease is a rare postanginal sepsis caused by the anaerobe fusobacterium necrophorum. it is associated with a pharyngitis that progresses quickly to thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic abscesses to pulmonary, soft tissue, articular, and organ systems. it is rarely associated with spinal epidural abscesses. because of the increasing antibiotic resistance, its incidence is on the rise.201726368857
clival osteomyelitis and hypoglossal nerve palsy--rare complications of lemierre's syndrome.an increasingly reported entity, lemierre's syndrome classically presents with a recent oropharyngeal infection, internal jugular vein thrombosis and the presence of anaerobic organisms such as fusobacterium necrophorum. the authors report a normally fit and well 17-year-old boy who presented with severe sepsis following a 5-day history of a sore throat, myalgia and neck stiffness requiring intensive care admission. blood cultures grew f. necrophorum and radiological investigations demonstrated ...201526323975
lemierre syndrome presenting as acute mastoiditis in a 2-year-old girl with congenital dwarfism.lemierre syndrome is defined by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein caused by fusobacterium. historically, these infections originate from the oropharynx and typically are seen in older children, adolescents and young adults. more recently, otogenic sources in younger children have been described with increasing frequency. we present a case of a two-year old, who initially developed an otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane and went on to develop mastoiditis and ...201526294952
[severe purulent and necrotizing glossitis in a fallow deer (dama dama) due to an infection with the involvement of mannheimia granulomatis].post mortem examination of a young fallow deer (dama dama) revealed a severe purulent and necrotizing glossitis as well as a multifocal necrotizing and ulcerative rumenitis and typhlitis. the animal was cachectic. mannheimia (m.) sp. was isolated from the tongue lesions and identified as m. granulomatis by maldi-tof ms and 16s rrna sequencing. mycosis and bvdv infection were excluded. few publications are dealing with similar macroscopic findings associated with the isolation of m. granulomatis ...201526281440
invasive fusobacterium necrophorum infections and lemièrre's syndrome: the role of thrombophilia and ebv.the purpose of this investigation was to describe the clinical spectrum of invasive fusobacterium necrophorum infections and lemièrre's syndrome, to examine the role of underlying thrombophilia and concomitant mononucleosis in lemièrre's syndrome, and to describe thromboembolic complications. patients with invasive f. necrophorum infections were identified either prospectively or retrospectively through the regional database of clinical microbiology from 2000 to 2015. patient records were review ...201526272176
grave complication of pharyngitis: lemierre syndrome.fusobacterium necrophorum is the causative agent in the pharyngitis. after invasion of the oropharyngeal mucosa by the organism leads to the development of the grave complications like superficial thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein, septic emboli in the lung and coagulopathy. a 23-year-old male presented with chief complaints of sore throat, headache and high grade fever with past history of upper respiratory tract infection one month ago. on examination, he had high grade fever, tachycar ...201526266187
lemierre's syndrome: a neglected disease with classical features.we report the case of a previously healthy, immunocompetent 23-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with general malaise, difficulty in breathing, fever, and chest pain. he reported a two-week history of progressively worsening sore throat that he presumed to be a viral infection and thus initially neglected. however, when his condition deteriorated, he was admitted to hospital acutely unwell and in respiratory distress. he quickly developed septic shock requiring intensive ca ...201526257787
fusobacterium necrophorum presenting as isolated lung nodules.fusobacterium necrophorum causes lemierre's syndrome - a dramatic and distinct condition beginning with pharyngitis before proceeding to internal jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis and respiratory tract infection in otherwise healthy individuals. it is rare, but by far the most common pathway to parenchymal lung disease with this organism. here we describe we a 34 year old healthy lady who was nontoxic without any antecedent illness who presented with lung nodules due to fusobacterium necropho ...201526236610
lemierre's syndrome associated with periodontal injury-derived odontogenic infection that did not respond to meropenem.a 33-year-old previously healthy man injured his gums and subsequently developed dyspnea and fever. a chest x-ray showed nodules and infiltrates in both lungs, and the patient was initially diagnosed with pneumonia and administered meropenem hydrate, although his symptoms did not improve. a blood culture identified fusobacterium necrophorum, and thrombophlebitis in the internal jugular vein of the neck was observed on computed tomography and ultrasound scans. we replaced the meropenem with clind ...201526179541
[pleuro-pneumonia revealing septic thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein: think about the lemierre's syndrome].infection by fusobacterium necrophorum, a gram negative anaerobic bacteria, can lead to the development of lemierre's syndrome, an uncommon but potentially fatal infection of the internal jugular vein. since the introduction of antibiotics, the morbidity and mortality associated with this syndrome have been dramatically reduced. this syndrome is characterized by a pharyngeal infection, which leads to the development of septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein with septic emboli, whic ...201626163394
tonsillar colonisation of fusobacterium necrophorum in patients subjected to tonsillectomy.fusobacterium necrophorum is a well-known cause of lemirre's disease and accumulating evidence support its pathogenic role in peritonsillar abscess while its role in recurrent and chronic tonsillitis is uncertain. the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of oropharyngeal colonisation with f. necrophorum and beta-haemolytic streptococci in a cohort of patients scheduled for tonsillectomy due to recurrent or persistent throat pain, and to evaluate the dynamics of colonisation with ...201526159432
the detection of dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum from ovine footrot in kashmir, india.in a study conducted, a total of 450 swab samples from footrot lesions of naturally infected sheep were collected in all the ten districts of the kashmir valley and were examined for the presence of dichelobacter nodosus (d. nodosus) and fusobacterium necrophorum (f. necrophorum), in order to determine if f. necrophorum was associated with ovine footrot. the detection of f. necrophorum and d. nodosus was carried out by polymerase chain reaction targeting the leukotoxin (lkta) and 16s rrna genes, ...201526159406
importance of blood cultures to aid the diagnosis of lemierre's syndrome.this is a case report of lemierre's syndrome, a septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (ijv) usually preceded by pharyngitis and bacteraemia with an anaerobic organism. fusobacterium necrophorum is ananaerobic gram-negative bacillus and is the most common organism reported to cause lemierre's syndrome which usually occurs one to three weeks post pharyngitis or oropharyngeal surgery. a 21-year-old patient presented with signs of sepsis and a history of sore throat, fever, and tender ...201526117393
disposition of ceftiofur and its active metabolites in fallow deer (dama dama) following single-dose intravenous and intramuscular administration.septicemia and foot infections associated with fusobacterium necrophorum , pasturella multocida, and streptococcus suis in captive fallow deer (dama dama) are reasonably treated with ceftiofur hydrochloride. this study describes the disposition of ceftiofur after single-dose intravenous and intramuscular administration of 3.65±0.1678 mg/kg in six female adult fallow deer using a nonrandomized crossover design and a 7-day washout period. serial blood samples were collected for 12 hr postdrug admi ...201526056876
cell based drug delivery: micrococcus luteus loaded neutrophils as chlorhexidine delivery vehicles in a mouse model of liver abscesses in cattle.the recent who report on antibiotic resistances shows a dramatic increase of microbial resistance against antibiotics. with only a few new antibiotics in the pipeline, a different drug delivery approach is urgently needed. we have obtained evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of a cell based drug delivery system that utilizes the innate immune system as targeting carrier for antibacterial drugs. in this study we show the efficient loading of neutrophil granulocytes with chlorhexidine and the ...201526011247
uterine necrosis associated with fusobacterium necrophorum infection.fusobacterium necrophorum is infrequently implicated as a pathogenic organism. when pathogenic, the typical clinical presentation is that of pharyngitis, cervical adenopathy, and unilateral thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. infections caused by fusobacterium necrophorum within the fields of obstetrics and gynecology have been infrequently reported. we describe a 19-year-old woman who underwent a cesarean delivery complicated by sepsis and purulent uterine necrosis secondary to fusob ...201526000185
fusobacterium necrophorum and other fusobacterium spp. isolated from head and neck infections: a 10-year epidemiology study in an academic hospital.fusobacterium spp. from clinical specimens are increasingly reported. we sought to describe the epidemiology, the microbiological, and the clinical characteristics of head and neck infections caused by fusobacterium necrophorum and other fusobacterium spp.201525988544
a molecular epidemiology of treponemes in beef cattle digital dermatitis lesions and comparative analyses with sheep contagious ovine digital dermatitis and dairy cattle digital dermatitis lesions.bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) is an infective foot disease commonly reported in dairy cattle where treponema are considered as the primary causative infectious agents. there still remains little definitive information on the etiology of bdd in beef cattle suggesting further investigations are warranted. beef bdd lesions (n=34) and healthy beef foot tissues (n=38) were analysed by pcr for three bdd-associated treponema phylogroups and also for dichelobacter nodosus and fusobacterium necrophorum ...201525937315
infections caused by fusobacterium in children: a 14-year single-center experience.this study aimed at reviewing our experience with infections caused by fusobacterium in children.201525929419
challenges in the management of acute mastoiditis in children.acute mastoiditis (am) is a rare but serious complication of otitis media. recent studies consolidated the role of streptococcus pyogenes as the second most important etiologic agent of am and suggested an increased involvement of a relatively new pathogen (fusobacterium necrophorum). the recently accumulated evidence on am epidemiology in children is conflicting and not convincing in demonstrating clear trends during the last years. while a significant decrease was recorded in the incidence of ...201525903167
liver abscessation and multiple septic pulmonary emboli associated with lemierre's syndrome: a case report.in lemierre's syndrome, patients first exhibit pharyngitis and peritonsillar abscessation, followed by the development of anaerobic bacterial (usually fusobacterium necrophorum) septicemia and metastatic infections throughout the body. however, these infections rarely affect the liver. we describe a case of lemierre's syndrome, in which the first disease manifestation was liver abscess, for drawing attention of emergency physicians to this rare but fatal disease.201525889618
clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with fusobacterium necrophorum-positive acute tonsillitis.fusobacterium necrophorum (fn) is the predominant pathogen in peritonsillar abscesses, which is a relatively frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. the study aimed to explore if fn is a significant pathogen in acute tonsillitis, examine the prevalence of fn in acute tonsillitis patients, and describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of fn-positive patients. a 6-month prospective study was conducted in a danish general practice with eight physicians. one hundred acute tonsillitis ...201525876001
study: bacterium associated with rare "forgotten" disease also responsible for more sore throats than group a strep in young adults.new findings show that fusobacterium necrophorum, the bacterium responsible for most cases of lemierre's disease, a relatively rare condition that is sometimes called "the forgotten disease," is also the culprit for more sore throats than group a strep bacterium among college-aged patients. however, as there is no point-of-care test for f. necrophorum, providers need to rely on physical examination when determining whether a sore throat is due to the bacterial infection. in an analysis of 312 co ...201525844434
characterisation of dichelobacter nodosus and detection of fusobacterium necrophorum and treponema spp. in sheep with different clinical manifestations of footrot.the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of dichelobacter nodosus, fusobacterium necrophorum and treponema spp. in sheep with different clinical manifestations of footrot compared to healthy sheep both at flock and individual level. the second aim was to characterise d. nodosus with respect to virulence, presence of inta gene and the serogroups. swab samples (n=1000) from footrot-affected (n=10) and healthy flocks (n=10) were analysed for the presence of d. nodosus, f. necrophorum a ...201525796133
the effects of iron limitation and cell density on prokaryotic metabolism and gene expression: excerpts from fusobacterium necrophorum strain 774 (sheep isolate).fusobacterium necrophorum is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe associated with several diseases in humans and animals. despite its increasing clinical significance, there is little or no data on the relationship between its metabolism and virulence. previous studies have shown that bacteria grown under iron-limitation express immunogenic antigens similar to those generated in vivo. thus, this paper describes the relationship between f. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (fnn) metabolism and the expr ...201525771225
first study of pathogen load and localisation of ovine footrot using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish).analysis of bacterial populations in situ provides insights into pathogen population dynamics and potential reservoirs for disease. here we report a culture-independent study of ovine footrot (fr); a debilitating bacterial disease that has significant economic impact on sheep farming worldwide. disease begins as an interdigital dermatitis (id), which may then progress to separation of the hoof horn from the underlying epidermis causing severe footrot (sfr). dichelobacter nodosus is the causative ...201525742734
high-level association of bovine digital dermatitis treponema spp. with contagious ovine digital dermatitis lesions and presence of fusobacterium necrophorum and dichelobacter nodosus.contagious ovine digital dermatitis (codd) is an important foot disease in sheep, with significant animal welfare and economic implications. it is thought that codd emerged from bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) via treponemal bacteria. with wildlife species such as elk now suffering a codd-like disease, it is imperative to clarify these disease etiologies. a large investigation into treponemal association with codd is warranted. codd lesions (n = 58) and healthy sheep foot tissues (n = 56) were a ...201525740778
isolated facial vein thrombophlebitis: a variant of lemierre syndrome.lemierre syndrome is a rare complication of acute tonsillitis. it is caused by the anaerobic bacterium fusobacterium necrophorum and is characterized by bacteremia and septic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. dissemination of septic emboli may occur. the diagnosis can be difficult since different organs can be involved. we discuss a case of lemierre syndrome in a 35-year-old woman with isolated thrombophlebitis of the facial vein and fusobacteria growth in blood culture. this case emphasi ...201425734123
the clinical presentation of fusobacterium-positive and streptococcal-positive pharyngitis in a university health clinic: a cross-sectional study.pharyngitis guidelines focus solely on group a β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. european data suggest that in patients aged 15 to 30 years, fusobacterium necrophorum causes at least 10% of cases of pharyngitis; however, few u.s. data exist.201525686164
[a case of lemierre's syndrome with septic pulmonary embolisms].a 41-year-old-man with sore throat and fever visited a nearby clinic. he was given antibiotics, but on disease day 11, the left side of his neck had swollen. because chest ct on disease day 16 showed bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules, he was admitted to our hospital. he had septic pulmonary embolisms and thrombophlebitis of the left internal jugular vein, and fusobacterium necrophorum was isolated from the blood and neck pus culture, and we diagnosed him as having lemierre's syndrome. we admi ...201425672140
the aetiology of pharyngotonsillitis in adolescents and adults - fusobacterium necrophorum is commonly found.sore throat is common in primary healthcare. aetiological studies have focused on the presence of a limited number of pathogens. the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of a wide range of bacteria and viruses, including fusobacterium necrophorum, in patients with pharyngotonsillitis and in asymptomatic controls. a prospective case control study was performed in primary healthcare in kronoberg county, sweden. patients (n=220) aged 15 to 45 years with a suspected acute pharyng ...201525658556
fusobacterium necrophorum tonsillitis: an important cause of tonsillitis in adolescents and young adults.the role of fusobacterium necrophorum in tonsillitis in adolescents and young adults was retrospectively investigated by culture examination. we compared the prevalence of f. necrophorum in 212 subjects with confirmed clinical tonsillitis and in 176 subjects with confirmed no clinical tonsillitis. the prevalence of f. necrophorum was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in subjects with clinical tonsillitis (27%) compared to subjects with no clinical tonsillitis (6%). these results clearly demonstra ...201525658551
lemierre's syndrome secondary to community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection presenting with cardiac tamponade, a rare disease with a life-threatening presentation: a case report.lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein, septicemia and septic metastatic infection of different organs. it is preceded by an oropharyngeal infection by anaerobic organisms. community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus is now emerging as a causative organism in lemierre's syndrome. clinical manifestations vary depending on the organ system affected by the infection. although rare, patients may present with life-threaten ...201425635199
identification of an outer membrane protein of fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum that binds with high affinity to bovine endothelial cells.fusobacterium necrophorum, a gram-negative anaerobe, is the primary etiologic agent of liver abscesses in cattle. there are two subspecies; subsp. necrophorum and subsp. funduliforme, which differ in morphological, biochemical, molecular characteristics, and virulence. the subsp. necrophorum, which is more virulent, occurs more frequently in liver abscesses than the subsp. funduliforme. bacterial adhesion to the host cell surface is critical to the pathogenesis of several bacterial infections, a ...201525601800
revisiting bovine pyometra--new insights into the disease using a culture-independent deep sequencing approach.the bacteria present in the uterus during pyometra have previously been studied using bacteriological culturing. these studies identified fusobacterium necrophorum and trueperella pyogenes as the major contributors to the pathogenesis of pyometra. however, an increasing number of culture-independent studies have demonstrated that the bacterial diversity in most environments is underestimated in culture-based studies. consequently, fastidious pyometra-associated pathogens may have been overlooked ...201525550285
microarray identification of bacterial species in peritonsillar abscesses.peritonsillar abscess (pta) is the most common otorhinolaryngological infection, requiring management at the special healthcare level. the microbiological findings vary due to geographical, etiological, and methodological factors. this study aimed to identify the bacterial species of ptas by using a novel polymerase chain reaction (pcr)- and microarray-based assay, and to find causative cofactors among patients with different pathogens. we determined the bacterial findings of aspirates of pus pr ...201525547532
fusobacterium necrophorum in a pediatric retropharyngeal abscess: a case report and review of the literature.we present the case of a 17-year-old boy who developed a deep space neck infection following cervical trauma. he was initially managed conservatively with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but when he failed to improve clinically, he required surgical drainage. wound cultures grew fusobacterium necrophorum, an uncommon pathogen that can cause pediatric deep neck space infections, especially when it is not associated with lemierre syndrome. the prognosis for this infection is favorable when it is ident ...201425531849
[life-threatening appendicitis caused by fusobacterium necrophorum].fusobacterium necrophorum is a well-known cause of lemierre's syndrome. recent studies suggest a causative association between f. necrophorum and acute appendicitis. we present a case of a 15-year-old previously healthy girl who presented with acute non-perforated appendicitis, intra-abdominal abscesses and thrombosis that led to omental necrosis. this resulted in a life-threatening septic shock with the need for prolonged intensive care. we suggest that f. necrophorum identified in pus from the ...201425497663
bloodstream infections among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective study from the onset of disease.to describe the incidence and nature of bloodstream infections (bsi) among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) followed-up prospectively from disease onset.201725436839
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