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pathogen presence in wild birds inhabiting landfills in central iran.wild birds are important in the transmission of many zoonotic pathogens such as salmonella and avian influenza virus (aiv). the current study investigated the presence of bacterial and viral pathogens in birds foraging at an open landfill located in central iran. we collected blood and intestinal samples from five abundant species, including rook (corvus frugilegus), european starling (sturnus vulgaris), house sparrow (passer domesticus), black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus) and slende ...202133783651
human noroviruses attach to intestinal tissue of a broad range of animal species.human noroviruses are the most common non-bacterial cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks with new variants and genotypes frequently emerging. the origin of these new viruses is unknown; however, animals have been proposed as a potential source as human noroviruses have been detected in animal species. here we investigated the potential of animals to serve as reservoir of human noroviruses, by testing noroviruses attachment to formalin-fixed intestinal tissues of a range of potential reservoir anim ...202033115870
mercury exposure in birds linked to marine ecosystems in the western mediterranean.mercury (hg), particularly as methylmercury (mehg), is a nonessential, persistent, and bioaccumulative toxic element with high biomagnification capacity and is considered a threat to marine environments. we evaluated total hg concentrations in liver, kidney, and brain in 62 individuals of 9 bird species linked to marine ecosystems from western mediterranean admitted in a wildlife rehabilitation center (wrc) (alicante, spain, 2005-2020). age- and sex-related differences in hg levels, as well as t ...202033106911
the effects of migration on the immunity of black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus: laridae).in order to elucidate the relationship between migration period and immunity related to susceptibility, we conducted research on black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus). we captured 260 gulls and collected their peripheral blood. their leukocyte (wbc) count, percentages of heterophils (het) and lymphocytes (lym), heterophil and lymphocyte ratio (h/l ratio), and cd4 and cd8α expression levels (cd4 and cd8α, respectively) were quantitatively analyzed over three migration periods (autumn mi ...202032963148
postnatal ossification sequences in acrocephalus scirpaceus and chroicocephalus ridibundus (aves: neognathae): the precocial-altricial spectrum and evolution of compound bones in birds.although the development of the avian skeleton has attracted considerable attention, most of the studies have been concentrated on the embryonic period, while studies on the postnatal period are rare. we studied the postnatal development of the skeleton in two phylogenetically distant birds, an altricial passerine acrocephalus scirpaceus and a semiprecocial charadriiform chroicocephalus ridibundus. the neonates of the former, despite being altricial, have well-ossified skeleton-the degree of dev ...202032875600
intercolony variation in foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubation period.using gps loggers, we examined the influence of colony, sex, and bird identity on foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubation period. we studied tracks of 36 individuals breeding in one urban and two rural colonies in poland. birds from both rural colonies performed the furthest flights (mean max distance 8-12 km, up to 27 km) foraging mainly in agricultural areas. gulls from the urban colony performed shorter flights (mean 5 km, up to 1 ...202032607169
relationship between blood test values and blood lead (pb) levels in black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus: laridae).few studies have evaluated immunosuppression due to lead accumulation below the overt toxicity threshold. if low levels of lead accumulation cause immunosuppression in birds, those birds could become more susceptible to pathogens. we aimed to determine if low levels of lead accumulation lead to immunosuppression in black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus). gulls were captured in tokyo-bay and mikawa-bay from january to april 2019. their blood samples were analyzed for eight items. the dat ...202032565496
[molecular-genetic characterization of avian avulavirus 20 strains isolated from wild birds.]previously unknown paramyxovirus strains were isolated from wild birds in 2013-2014 in kazakhstan and subsequently identified as representatives of the novel avian avulavirus 20 species. the aims and tasks were molecular genetic characterization of novel avulaviruses and investigation of their phylogenetic relationships.201932163685
low occurrence of acinetobacter baumannii in gulls and songbirds.acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide occurring nosocomial pathogen, the natural habitats of which remain to be defined. recently, white stork nestlings have been described as a recurring source of a. baumannii. here, we challenged the hypothesis of a general preference of a. baumannii for avian hosts. taking advantage of campaigns to ring free-living birds, we collected cloacal swab samples from 741 black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) in poland, tracheal and cloacal swabs from 285 ...202032162853
systemic collapse of a host-parasite trematode network associated with wetland birds in europe.as host community diversity decreases, parasite diversity may also decline. the life cycles of trematodes involve multiple hosts from different orders, with many trematodes displaying narrow host specialization. in the 1960s and 2010s, we performed full-body necropsies of juvenile or first-year birds of four wetland bird species, anas platyrhynchos, aythya fuligula, fulica atra, and chroicocephalus ridibundus which originated from the southern czech republic, and examined them for the presence o ...202032088756
relaxation of selective constraints shapes variation of toll-like receptors in a colonial waterbird, the black-headed gull.nonspecific innate immune response is activated by toll-like receptors (tlrs), which recognize conserved molecular motifs characteristic for a broad spectrum of pathogens. in this study, we examined nucleotide substitution patterns and allelic diversity at five tlr genes in a wild nonpasserine bird, the black-headed gull chroicocephalus ridibundus. we hypothesized that balancing selection can maintain high allelic diversity of tlr genes in the black-headed gull because of its ecological characte ...202031996941
comparative analysis of intestine microbiota of four wild waterbird species.waterbirds are ubiquitous and globally distributed. yet, studies on wild waterbirds' gut microbiota are still rare. our aim was to explore and compare the gut microbial community composition of wild waterbird species. four wild waterbird species that are either wintering or all-year residents in israel were studied: great cormorants, little egrets, black-crowned night herons and black-headed gulls. for each bird, three intestinal sections were sampled; anterior, middle and posterior. no signific ...201931481943
carriage and potential long distance transmission of listeria monocytogenes by migratory black-headed gulls in dianchi lake, kunming.listeria monocytogenes is a high risk pathogen which can cause invasive diseases in humans. we previously reported that black-headed gulls from dianchi lake of kunming carrying l. monocytogenes, while the characteristics of these isolates and the relationship with habitats of migratory gulls have not been explored. in this study, we investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of listeria monocytogenes from black-headed gulls in dianchi lake, and phylogenetic analysis based on core ...201931393224
new evidence for the east-west spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus between central asian and east asian-australasian flyways in china.the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus is associated with wild fowl migration in east asian-australasian (ea) and central asian (ca) flyways. however, the spread of h5n1 virus between the two flyways is still unclear. here, the movements of wild waterfowl were obtained from satellite tracking data covering seven bar-headed geese and three great black-headed gulls breeding in the qinghai lake area (along the ea flyway), and 20 whooper swans wintering in the sanmenxia re ...201931164049
characteristics of microbial communities and intestinal pathogenic bacteria for migrated larus ridibundus in southwest china.larus ridibundus, a migratory wild bird, has become one of the most popular gull species in southwest china in recent years. there has been no information on the gut microbiota and intestinal pathogenic bacteria configuration in wild l. ridibundus, even though the public are in close contact with this bird. in this study, 16s rrna amplicon-sequencing methods were used to describe the microbial community structure and intestinal pathogenic bacteria were isolated to identify their characteristics. ...201929978594
black-headed gulls synchronise their activity with their nearest neighbours.animals in groups can benefit from synchronising their behaviour, where multiple individuals conduct similar activities at the same moment in time. previous studies have demonstrated that some species show synchronisation of vigilance behaviour, but have not explored the mechanism driving this behaviour. synchronisation could be driven by animals copying their closest neighbours, which would mean that close proximity should lead to increased synchronisation. we simultaneously observed the behavi ...201829967446
wild waterfowl as potential vectors of vibrio cholerae and aeromonas species.to study the hypothesis that migratory waterfowl are possible disseminators of vibrio cholerae and aeromonas.201829733476
factors affecting element concentrations in eggshells of three sympatrically nesting waterbirds in northern poland.avian eggshells are convenient samples in biomonitoring studies, because they are easily accessible, especially from colonially or semicolonially breeding birds. in the present study, concentrations of 17 elements, including heavy metals and essential elements in post-hatch eggshells, were compared among three species of waterbirds of differing strategies for gaining reserves for egg production and diet: mallard, anas platyrhynchos (ml, a capital breeder, mainly herbivorous), common tern, sterna ...201829170796
avian influenza virus surveillance in south-central spain using fecal samples of aquatic birds foraging at landfills.aquatic wild birds have been intensively studied to better understand their role in avian influenza virus (aiv) maintenance and spread. to date, aiv surveillance has primarily focused on natural aquatic environments where different bird species aggregate and viral survival is enhanced. however, artificial habitats such as landfills are attracting substantial numbers of wild birds, aiv reservoir species included. the use of landfills as a predictable food source has significantly influenced popul ...201729124060
a43 modeling the ecology and evolution of h13 and h16 avian influenza a subtypes in black-headed gulls to understand influenza disease dynamics. 201728845241
analysis of body mass changes in the black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) during the winter.during the autumn migration of many waterfowls, body mass is lowest upon arrival at the wintering area and gradually increases during the winter. consequently, body mass is highest before the spring migration. we studied the pattern of body mass changes in the black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) from december 2010 to december 2016 in the shinhama area of chiba, japan. based on 327 captured animals, body mass increased during the wintering period, but tended to decrease before migration. in 2014 ...201728757507
morphological and molecular assessment of pentastomes from gulls in portugal.during 2016, 153 gulls, including 64 larus fuscus and 89 larus michahellis, were found crippled in south portugal, died in wildlife rehabilitation and investigation center-rias, and were necropsied. reighardia sternae infected 2 (3%, n = 64) l. fuscus and 4 (4%, n = 89) l. michahellis. molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification based on total body length, maximum body width, length of anterior and posterior hooks, total length of oral aparatus, and other features of oral apara ...201728665257
hatching date influences age at first reproduction in the black-headed gull.in long-lived colonial birds, age at recruitment is an important life-history character. variation in this parameter may reflect differences in several factors, including competitive ability and breeding strategies. further, these differences may be due to timing of hatching (for instance through differences in competitive ability). we investigated the age of first-time breeders in relation to hatching date in a black-headed gull larus ridibundus colony situated in central france, from 1979 to 1 ...200128547170
detection of bordetella avium by taqman real-time pcr in tracheal swabs from wildlife birds.bordetella avium, the causing agent of bordetellosis, a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract in young poultry, causes significant losses in poultry farming throughout the world. wildlife birds can be a reservoir of various pathogens that infect farm animals. for this reason the studies were conducted to estimate the prevalence of bordetella avium in wildlife birds in poland. tracheal swab samples were collected from 650 birds representing 27 species. the bacterial dna was isolate ...201728525340
isolation and characterization of listeria monocytogenes from the black-headed gull feces in kunming, china.listeria monocytogenes is among the most important foodborne pathogens, which can be isolated from bird feces. the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, genotypes, virulence factors and drug-resistance characteristics of l. monocytogenes isolated from the black-headed gull in kunming, china. serotypes and virulence genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) methods were used to describe the genetic ...201728473260
mercury in feathers and blood of gulls from the southern baltic coast, poland.gulls were assessed as sentinels of contamination in the coastal zone of the southern baltic, research material being obtained from dead birds collected on polish beaches and near fishing ports in 2009-2012. in feathers and blood of four gull species: herring gull (larus argentatus), common gull (larus canus), black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus), and great black-backed gull (larus marinus), concentration of total mercury (hgt) was assayed, taking into account the type of feathers, sex ...201728344366
how to live in colonies: spatial foraging strategies of the black-headed gull.this paper describes some spatial foraging strategies observed in the course of the breeding season in five adult radio-tagged black-headed gulss (larus ridibundus). 1. individual foraging distances increased continuously during the nesting period. 2. the maximum foraging distance observed was 18.5 km. 3. all birds showed nearly constant flight directions over the whole breeding period. 4. it is suggested that the continuous increase in foraging distances reduces intraspecific competition around ...198628311671
how to live in colonies: spatial foraging strategies of the black-headed gull.this paper describes some spatial foraging strategies observed in the course of the breeding season in five adult radio-tagged black-headed gulss (larus ridibundus). 1. individual foraging distances increased continuously during the nesting period. 2. the maximum foraging distance observed was 18.5 km. 3. all birds showed nearly constant flight directions over the whole breeding period. 4. it is suggested that the continuous increase in foraging distances reduces intraspecific competition around ...198628311671
intra-clutch and inter-colony variability in element concentrations in eggshells of the black-headed gull, chroicocephalus ridibundus, in northern poland.eggshells are good bioindicators of environmental contamination, and therefore, the concentrations of 17 trace elements in 87 eggshells of black-headed gulls, chroicocephalus ridibundus, were determined in five breeding colonies in an area dominated by farmland in northern poland. the intra-clutch variability in the eggshell concentrations of heavy metals and other elements was also investigated, and the concentrations of the elements showed the following pattern: ca > mg > sr > fe > zn > al > c ...201728275970
surveillance for avian influenza virus in wild birds in poland, 2008-15.we tested wild birds in poland during 2008-15 for avian influenza virus (aiv). we took 10,312 swabs and feces samples from 6,314 live birds representing 12 orders and 84 bird species, mostly from orders anseriformes and charadriiformes, for testing and characterization by various pcr methods. from pcr-positive samples, we attempted to isolate and subtype the virus. the rna of aiv was detected in 1.8% (95% confidence interval [ci], 1.5-2.1%) of birds represented by 48 mallards ( anas platyrhyncho ...201728094608
threat-sensitive anti-predator defence in precocial wader, the northern lapwing vanellus vanellus.birds exhibit various forms of anti-predator behaviours to avoid reproductive failure, with mobbing-observation, approach and usually harassment of a predator-being one of the most commonly observed. here, we investigate patterns of temporal variation in the mobbing response exhibited by a precocial species, the northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus). we test whether brood age and self-reliance, or the perceived risk posed by various predators, affect mobbing response of lapwings. we quantified ag ...201627738383
high prevalence and putative lineage maintenance of avian coronaviruses in scandinavian waterfowl.coronaviruses (covs) are found in a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, and constitute a risk for zoonotic and emerging infectious disease. in poultry, the genetic diversity, evolution, distribution and taxonomy of some coronaviruses have been well described, but little is known about the features of covs in wild birds. in this study we screened 764 samples from 22 avian species of the orders anseriformes and charadriiformes in sweden collected in 2006/2007 for cov, with an overall cov pr ...201626938459
species differences in total mercury concentration in gulls from the gulf of gdansk (southern baltic).aquatic birds occupy a high position in the trophic pyramid of the baltic sea. this means that they accumulate the greatest amount of harmful substances, including mercury, in their bodies. this element penetrates into their systems mainly via the alimentary canal. the amount of mercury absorbed from food depends on how badly the environment is polluted with this metal. the aim of this study was to discover the concentrations of total mercury (hgt) in the contour feathers, muscles, brain, lungs, ...201626653750
species differences in total mercury concentration in gulls from the gulf of gdansk (southern baltic).aquatic birds occupy a high position in the trophic pyramid of the baltic sea. this means that they accumulate the greatest amount of harmful substances, including mercury, in their bodies. this element penetrates into their systems mainly via the alimentary canal. the amount of mercury absorbed from food depends on how badly the environment is polluted with this metal. the aim of this study was to discover the concentrations of total mercury (hgt) in the contour feathers, muscles, brain, lungs, ...201626653750
[reduction in variability of individual colonization programs in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) leads to reproductive success diminishing].the problem of adaptive significance of territorial antagonism in colonial birds is addressed. many of these birds are characterized, along with high tolerance to each other and tendency to aggregate, by intensive and variable territorial demonstrations. here we consider the effects of territorial behavior on the viability of a breeding colony. we observed breeding of black-headed gull in two colonies formed under the impact of a short-term temperature fall in 2008, which resulted in the 7-day s ...201526606788
[reduction in variability of individual colonization programs in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) leads to reproductive success diminishing].the problem of adaptive significance of territorial antagonism in colonial birds is addressed. many of these birds are characterized, along with high tolerance to each other and tendency to aggregate, by intensive and variable territorial demonstrations. here we consider the effects of territorial behavior on the viability of a breeding colony. we observed breeding of black-headed gull in two colonies formed under the impact of a short-term temperature fall in 2008, which resulted in the 7-day s ...201526606788
salmonella enterica resistant to antimicrobials in wastewater effluents and black-headed gulls in the czech republic, 2012.we investigated the presence and epidemiological relatedness of salmonella isolates from a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) in brno, czech republic and from nestlings of black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) at the nove mlyny waterworks, situated 35 km downstream from the wwtp. during 2012, we collected 37 wastewater samples and 284 gull cloacal swabs. from wastewater samples, we obtained 89 salmonella isolates belonging to 19 serotypes. at least one resistant strain was contained in ...201626519571
sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of rufous-tailed shrike, lanius isabellinus (passeriformes, laniidae).the complete mitochondrial genome of the rufous-tailed shrike (lanius isabellinus) was 16 819 bp in length. the genbank accession number is kp995437 and the contents of a, t, c, and g are 31.1% (5234 bp), 25.5% (4293 bp), 28.7% (4826 bp), and 14.7% (2466 bp), respectively. gene organization and length are similar to other species of birds. it comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes and a control region. all protein-coding genes use the typical initiation codon atg, except ...201626457722
sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of brown shrike, lanius cristatus (passeriformes, laniidae).the complete mitochondrial genome of the brown shrike (lanius cristatus) was 16 821 bp in length. the accession number was kt004451 and the contents of a, t, c, and g were 31.10%(5237 bp), 25.60%(4309 bp), 28.60%(4814 bp), and 14.60%(2461 bp), respectively. gene organization and length was similar to other species of birds. it comprises of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes and 1 control region. all protein-coding genes use the typical initiation codon atg, except for cox1 whic ...201626457491
long-term effect of serial infections with h13 and h16 low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses in black-headed gulls.infections of domestic and wild birds with low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) have been associated with protective immunity to subsequent infection. however, the degree and duration of immunity in wild birds from previous lpaiv infection, by the same or a different subtype, are poorly understood. therefore, we inoculated h13n2 (a/black-headed gull/netherlands/7/2009) and h16n3 (a/black-headed gull/netherlands/26/2009) lpaivs into black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus), thei ...201526339062
antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: implications for public health.the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amr escherichia coli (e. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (larus fuscus), hybrid deer spe ...201525639901
antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: implications for public health.the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (amr) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amr escherichia coli (e. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (larus fuscus), hybrid deer spe ...201525639901
the complete mitochondrial genome of the black-headed gull chroicocephalus ridibundus (charadriiformes: laridae).the black-headed gull chroicocephalus ridibundus is a waterbird, which breeds from north-east north america and across much of europe and asia. in this study, we determined its complete mitochondrial dna sequence by pcr-based approach. the complete mtdna sequence is 16,807 bp in size. the overall-based composition was 30.8% a, 31.1% t, 14.2% c, 24.0% g, with an a + t content (54.8%) rich feature. the mitochondrial genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes, and 1 con ...201625350738
molecular identification of cryptosporidium spp. in seagulls, pigeons, dogs, and cats in thailand.zoonotic cryptosporidium spp., particularly c. meleagridis, c. canis, and c. felis, are enteric protozoa responsible for major public health concerns around the world. to determine the spread of this parasite in thailand, we conducted molecular identification of cryptosporidium spp. from animal samples around the country, by collecting and investigating the feces of seagulls (chroicocephalus brunnicephalus and chroicocephalus ridibundus), domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica), dogs, and cat ...201425297887
experimental infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 in black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus).historically, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) rarely resulted in infection or clinical disease in wild birds. however, since 2002, disease and mortality from natural hpaiv h5n1 infection have been observed in wild birds including gulls. we performed an experimental hpaiv h5n1 infection of black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) to determine their susceptibility to infection and disease from this virus, pattern of viral shedding, clinical signs, pathological changes and ...201425135340
prevalence of antibody to toxoplasma gondii in black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus), dianchi lake, china.sera from 659 black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) in dianchi lake, china were assayed for toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (mat). specific t. gondii antibodies were detected in 131 (19.9%) black-headed gulls (mat titer ≥ 1 ∶ 5). these results indicate that t. gondii infection is common in black-headed gulls.201424807354
trophic transfer of dechloranes in the marine food web of liaodong bay, north china.dechloranes are of particular concern because of their ubiquity in environmental matrices, but little is known about their trophic transfer in aquatic food web. this study investigated the trophic transfer of seven dechloranes in a marine food web from liaodong bay, china. dechloranes were determined in sediments and 15 marine species including benthic invertebrates, fish and gulls collected from liaodong bay. biomagnification factors (bmftl) of dechloranes in black-headed gulls were calculated ...201424702310
epidemiology of influenza a virus among black-headed gulls, the netherlands, 2006-2010.we sampled 7,511 black-headed gulls for influenza virus in the netherlands during 2006-2010 and found that subtypes h13 and h16 caused annual epidemics in fledglings on colony sites. our findings validate targeted surveillance of wild waterbirds and clarify underlying factors for influenza virus emergence in other species.201424377955
the value of chick feathers to assess spatial and interspecific variation in the mercury contamination of seabirds.in 1991 we compared eggs, down and body feathers of chicks of common terns, herring gulls and black-headed gulls in their utility to assess contamination with mercury. like eggs feathers distinctly show interspecific and intersite differences in contamination. highest levels were found in common terns, lowest in black-headed gulls. chicks hatched at the elbe had much higher mercury levels than those in other areas of the german north sea coast. conversion ratios between tissues have to be used w ...199324221187
effect of rapid modulation of circulating plasma testosterone concentration on begging, aggressive behavior and competition for food in black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) chicks.sibling competition mediated by begging behavior is extremely common in avian species and recent studies have highlighted the role of endogenous testosterone in regulating such phenomenon. however, current literature depicts an inconsistent pattern in altricial vs. semi-precocial species, with stimulating versus inhibitory effects of the hormone respectively. this is possibly due to a difference in the methodology of hormone treatment (short-term moderate dose versus a long-term stronger elevati ...201323962563
effect of rapid modulation of circulating plasma testosterone concentration on begging, aggressive behavior and competition for food in black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) chicks.sibling competition mediated by begging behavior is extremely common in avian species and recent studies have highlighted the role of endogenous testosterone in regulating such phenomenon. however, current literature depicts an inconsistent pattern in altricial vs. semi-precocial species, with stimulating versus inhibitory effects of the hormone respectively. this is possibly due to a difference in the methodology of hormone treatment (short-term moderate dose versus a long-term stronger elevati ...201323962563
avian influenza virus surveillance in wild birds in georgia: 2009-2011.the caucasus, at the border of europe and asia, is important for migration and over-wintering of wild waterbirds. three flyways, the central asian, east africa-west asia, and mediterranean/black sea flyways, converge in the caucasus region. thus, the caucasus region might act as a migratory bridge for influenza virus transmission when birds aggregate in high concentrations in the post-breeding, migrating and overwintering periods. since august 2009, we have established a surveillance network for ...201323516501
tissue tropism and pathology of natural influenza virus infection in black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus).black-headed gulls (chroicocephalus ridibundus) are a suitable host species to study the epidemiology of low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) infection in wild waterbirds because they are a common colony-breeding species in which lpaiv infection is detected frequently, limited mainly to the h13 and h16 subtypes. however, the sites of virus replication and associated lesions are poorly understood. we therefore performed virological and pathological analyses on tissues of black-headed gull ...201223237367
development of an improved method for trace analysis of quinolones in eggs of laying hens and wildlife species using molecularly imprinted polymers.a sensitive, selective, and efficient method was developed for simultaneous determination of 11 fluoroquinolones (fqs), ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, oxolinic acid, pipemidic acid, and sarafloxacin, in eggs by molecularly imprinted polymer (mip) and column liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms/ms). samples were diluted with 50 mm sodium dihydrogen phosphate at ph 7.4, followed ...201223009602
first report of (homo)anatoxin-a and dog neurotoxicosis after ingestion of benthic cyanobacteria in the netherlands.in april and may 2011, three dogs died and one dog became ill after swimming in lake ijmeer (the netherlands). at the time, the lake was infested with the benthic cyanobacterial species phormidium. a eurasian coot (fulica atra) and a black-headed gull (chroicocephalus ridibundus) also died near lake ijmeer in the same period. one of the dogs and both birds were subjected to a pathological investigation. furthermore, the phormidium mat; algal samples from the dikes; contents of the animals' diges ...201222534073
avian embryonic development does not change the stable isotope composition of the calcite eggshell.the avian embryo resorbs most of the calcium for bone formation from the calcite eggshell but the exact mechanisms of the resorption are unknown. the present study tested whether this process results in variable fractionation of the oxygen and carbon isotopes in shell calcium carbonate, which could provide a detailed insight into the temporal and spatial use of the eggshell by the developing embryo. despite the uncertainty regarding changes in stable isotope composition of the eggshell across de ...201121211467
avian embryonic development does not change the stable isotope composition of the calcite eggshell.the avian embryo resorbs most of the calcium for bone formation from the calcite eggshell but the exact mechanisms of the resorption are unknown. the present study tested whether this process results in variable fractionation of the oxygen and carbon isotopes in shell calcium carbonate, which could provide a detailed insight into the temporal and spatial use of the eggshell by the developing embryo. despite the uncertainty regarding changes in stable isotope composition of the eggshell across de ...201121211467
studying dispersal at the landscape scale: efficient combination of population surveys and capture-recapture data.researchers often rely on capture-mark-recapture (cmr) data to study animal dispersal in the wild. yet their spatial coverage often does not encompass the entire dispersal range of the study individuals, sometimes producing misleading results. information contained in population surveys and variation in population spatial structure can be used to overcome this issue. we build an integrated model in a multisite context in which cmr data are only collected at a subset of sites, but numbers of bree ...201021141197
eggshell permeability: a standard technique for determining interspecific rates of water vapor conductance.typically, eggshell water vapor conductance is measured on whole eggs, freshly collected at the commencement of a study. at times, however, it may not be possible to obtain whole fresh eggs but rather egg fragments or previously blown eggs. here we evaluate and describe in detail a technique for modern laboratory analysis of eggshell conductance that uses fragments from fresh and museum eggs to determine eggshell water vapor conductance. we used fresh unincubated eggs of domesticated chickens (g ...201020939733
eggshell permeability: a standard technique for determining interspecific rates of water vapor conductance.typically, eggshell water vapor conductance is measured on whole eggs, freshly collected at the commencement of a study. at times, however, it may not be possible to obtain whole fresh eggs but rather egg fragments or previously blown eggs. here we evaluate and describe in detail a technique for modern laboratory analysis of eggshell conductance that uses fragments from fresh and museum eggs to determine eggshell water vapor conductance. we used fresh unincubated eggs of domesticated chickens (g ...201020939733
begging coordination between siblings in black-headed gulls.communication behaviours are now considered from a signallers-receivers network perspective. this concept seems well suited to the study of interactions between parents and offspring in birds, so far mainly treated as a dyadic signalling system involving the brood or a single chick as a signaller and the parent as a receiver. family conflicts over resource allocation drive parent-offspring and sib-sib communication. in the black-headed gull larus ridibundus, parents respond to the whole-brood be ...201020816649
begging coordination between siblings in black-headed gulls.communication behaviours are now considered from a signallers-receivers network perspective. this concept seems well suited to the study of interactions between parents and offspring in birds, so far mainly treated as a dyadic signalling system involving the brood or a single chick as a signaller and the parent as a receiver. family conflicts over resource allocation drive parent-offspring and sib-sib communication. in the black-headed gull larus ridibundus, parents respond to the whole-brood be ...201020816649
characterization, and comparison, of human clinical and black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacterial isolates from kalmar, on the southeast coast of sweden.antibiotic resistance is one of the great challenges for modern healthcare. in gram-negative bacteria, ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) have been rapidly spreading through europe since the early 2000s. in sweden, esbl-producing escherichia coli are still rare, but a 3-fold increase has been seen from 2004 to 2007. enterobacteria and normal flora of wild animals, with or without antibiotic resistance traits, constitute a potential source of human infection and colonization. we ...201020615928
characterization, and comparison, of human clinical and black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacterial isolates from kalmar, on the southeast coast of sweden.antibiotic resistance is one of the great challenges for modern healthcare. in gram-negative bacteria, ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) have been rapidly spreading through europe since the early 2000s. in sweden, esbl-producing escherichia coli are still rare, but a 3-fold increase has been seen from 2004 to 2007. enterobacteria and normal flora of wild animals, with or without antibiotic resistance traits, constitute a potential source of human infection and colonization. we ...201020615928
complete genome analysis of an avian paramyxovirus type 1 strain isolated in 1994 from an asymptomatic black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) in southern sweden.the complete genome sequence of an avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (apmv-1) isolated from a black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) in sweden was determined and compared with other apmv-1 sequences. sequence analyses showed that this isolate consists of six genes in the order 3'-np-p-m-f-hn-l-5', is 15,186 nucleotides long, and contains a typical, avirulent fusion protein cleavage site. it was also shown to have a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein with a length of 585 amino acids (aa) instead of t ...201020608541
complete genome analysis of an avian paramyxovirus type 1 strain isolated in 1994 from an asymptomatic black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) in southern sweden.the complete genome sequence of an avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (apmv-1) isolated from a black-headed gull (larus ridibundus) in sweden was determined and compared with other apmv-1 sequences. sequence analyses showed that this isolate consists of six genes in the order 3'-np-p-m-f-hn-l-5', is 15,186 nucleotides long, and contains a typical, avirulent fusion protein cleavage site. it was also shown to have a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein with a length of 585 amino acids (aa) instead of t ...201020608541
prevalence and subtypes of influenza a viruses in wild waterfowl in norway 2006-2007.the prevalence of influenza a virus infection, and the distribution of different subtypes of the virus, were studied in 1529 ducks and 1213 gulls shot during ordinary hunting from august to december in two consecutive years, 2006 and 2007, in norway. the study was based on molecular screening of cloacal and tracheal swabs, using a pan-influenza a rt-pcr. samples found to be positive for influenza a virus were screened for the h5 subtype, using a h5 specific rt-pcr, and, if negative, further subt ...201020426812
mercury concentration in 3 species of gulls, larus ridibundus, larus minutus, larus canus, from south coast of the caspian sea, iran.in this study, the mercury concentrations of liver, breast feathers and tail feathers in three species of gull; black-headed gull (larus ridibundus), common gull (larus canus) and little gull (larus minutus) from the south coast of the caspian sea in iran were assayed. mercury accumulation in liver, breast feathers and tail feathers of species were 1.69-3.16, 2.88-7.18 and 2.09-5.66 mg/kg, respectively. mercury concentration hierarchy in tissues we tested was as follows: breast feather > tail fe ...201020424818
mercury concentration in 3 species of gulls, larus ridibundus, larus minutus, larus canus, from south coast of the caspian sea, iran.in this study, the mercury concentrations of liver, breast feathers and tail feathers in three species of gull; black-headed gull (larus ridibundus), common gull (larus canus) and little gull (larus minutus) from the south coast of the caspian sea in iran were assayed. mercury accumulation in liver, breast feathers and tail feathers of species were 1.69-3.16, 2.88-7.18 and 2.09-5.66 mg/kg, respectively. mercury concentration hierarchy in tissues we tested was as follows: breast feather > tail fe ...201020424818
multiple introduction of asian h5n1 avian influenza virus in croatia by wild birds during 2005-2006 and isolation of the virus from apparently healthy black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus).this study describes the introduction and spread of avian influenza a (h5n1) subtype in croatia. seventeen isolates were identified during the period from october 2005 to march 2006, all originating from wild birds. the full-length nucleotide sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of seven representative isolates revealed that three distinct genetic strains involved in the outbreaks, implicating at least three independent introductions of the virus into croatia during a relatively shor ...201020370426
multiple introduction of asian h5n1 avian influenza virus in croatia by wild birds during 2005-2006 and isolation of the virus from apparently healthy black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus).this study describes the introduction and spread of avian influenza a (h5n1) subtype in croatia. seventeen isolates were identified during the period from october 2005 to march 2006, all originating from wild birds. the full-length nucleotide sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of seven representative isolates revealed that three distinct genetic strains involved in the outbreaks, implicating at least three independent introductions of the virus into croatia during a relatively shor ...201020370426
characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in mongolia 2005 through 2007.since the emergence of h5n1 high pathogenicity (hp) avian influenza virus (aiv) in asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. in accordance with this a surveillance program for aiv in wild birds was conducted in mongolia from 2005-2007. an important feature of mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore aiv detection in wild birds would not likely be ...200919891786
characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in mongolia 2005 through 2007.since the emergence of h5n1 high pathogenicity (hp) avian influenza virus (aiv) in asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. in accordance with this a surveillance program for aiv in wild birds was conducted in mongolia from 2005-2007. an important feature of mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore aiv detection in wild birds would not likely be ...200919891786
breeding dispersal in black-headed gull: the value of familiarity in a contrasted environment.1. some species (e.g. migratory species with high movement ability) are unlikely to experience any physical cost when dispersing, at least at the landscape scale. in these species dispersal is nevertheless behaviourally constrained to avoid non-physical costs such as the loss of familiarity with the breeding environment, and these constraints can be maladaptive in a fast-changing environment. 2. we evaluated such constraints using multievent modelling of a 20-year capture-mark-recapture data set ...201019891713
campylobacter volucris sp. nov., isolated from black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus).during a study of the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) in sweden, three isolates, strains lmg 24379, lmg 24380t and lmg 24381, were initially identified as campylobacter lari. further characterization by both aflp and whole-cell protein sds-page analyses revealed that they formed a distinct group in the genus campylobacter. this unique position was confirmed by phenotypic characterization, 16s rrna and hsp60 gene sequence analysis and dna-dna hybridizat ...201019767353
campylobacter volucris sp. nov., isolated from black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus).during a study of the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) in sweden, three isolates, strains lmg 24379, lmg 24380t and lmg 24381, were initially identified as campylobacter lari. further characterization by both aflp and whole-cell protein sds-page analyses revealed that they formed a distinct group in the genus campylobacter. this unique position was confirmed by phenotypic characterization, 16s rrna and hsp60 gene sequence analysis and dna-dna hybridizat ...201019767353
maternal yolk androgens stimulate territorial behaviour in black-headed gull chicks.avian eggs contain substantial amounts of maternal androgens. the concentrations of these yolk androgens are affected by the maternal environment, such as the level of social competition, parasite exposure or food conditions. since yolk androgens have been shown to affect a wide array of offspring traits, they may adjust the chicks to the expected post-hatching environment, but experimental evidence is still scarce. we investigate in colonial breeding black-headed gulls whether high concentratio ...200919515649
experience modulates both aromatase activity and the sensitivity of agonistic behaviour to testosterone in black-headed gulls.in young black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus), exposure to testosterone increases the sensitivity of agonistic behaviour to a subsequent exposure to this hormone. the aim of this paper is twofold: to analyze whether social experience, gained during testosterone exposure, mediates this increase in hormonal sensitivity (priming), and whether this in turn is mediated by an increase in central aromatase activity. to this end, we performed three experiments. in the first juvenile gulls were exposed ...200919419676
antibiotic-resistant salmonella and escherichia coli isolates with integrons and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in surface water and sympatric black-headed gulls.to examine surface water from a pond in the northeastern part of the czech republic and young black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) nesting on the same pond for the presence of antibiotic-resistant salmonella and escherichia coli.200919245407
antibiotic-resistant salmonella and escherichia coli isolates with integrons and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in surface water and sympatric black-headed gulls.to examine surface water from a pond in the northeastern part of the czech republic and young black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) nesting on the same pond for the presence of antibiotic-resistant salmonella and escherichia coli.200919245407
metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in a black-headed gull (larus ridibundus). 200919202174
metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in a black-headed gull (larus ridibundus). 200919202174
the relation among gonadal steroids, immunocompetence, body mass, and behavior in young black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus).we experimentally examined the effect of testosterone on the antibody response to a single immunization with sheep red blood cells in young black-headed gulls. this species performs a number of testosterone-mediated elaborate postural displays in social interactions and breeds in dense colonies in which there is a high likelihood of infectious diseases. in young chicks, only one-third were capable of responding to immunization. in the responding chicks, testosterone enhanced antibody titers. eve ...199718811282
the relation among gonadal steroids, immunocompetence, body mass, and behavior in young black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus).we experimentally examined the effect of testosterone on the antibody response to a single immunization with sheep red blood cells in young black-headed gulls. this species performs a number of testosterone-mediated elaborate postural displays in social interactions and breeds in dense colonies in which there is a high likelihood of infectious diseases. in young chicks, only one-third were capable of responding to immunization. in the responding chicks, testosterone enhanced antibody titers. eve ...199718811282
phenotypic characteristics of riemerella anatipestifer and similar micro-organisms from various hosts.a total of 199 riemerella anatipestifer (ra) and ra-like field strains isolated culturally from birds of 12 different species and from pigs were characterized using classical phenotypic and chemotaxonomic tests. the ra reference strain atcc 11845 was included in the study. on the basis of the classical phenotypic characteristics studied and the numerical analysis of the whole-cell fatty acid patterns, the ra reference strain and 123 field isolates were assigned to the indole negative (in) varian ...199818483963
serologic survey of potential vertebrate hosts for west nile virus in poland.a survey for antibodies to west nile virus (wnv; genus ,flavivirus) was carried out by plaque-re-duction neutralization microtesting in 78 horses, 20 domestic chickens, and 97 wild birds belonging to 10 species from different areas in poland. specific antibodies were detected in five juvenile (hatching-year) birds collected in 2006: three white storks (ciconia ciconia) in a wildlife rehabilitation center (5.4% of all examined storks; the antibody titers in each bird were 1:320, 1:160, and 1:20), ...200818433332
serologic survey of potential vertebrate hosts for west nile virus in poland.a survey for antibodies to west nile virus (wnv; genus ,flavivirus) was carried out by plaque-re-duction neutralization microtesting in 78 horses, 20 domestic chickens, and 97 wild birds belonging to 10 species from different areas in poland. specific antibodies were detected in five juvenile (hatching-year) birds collected in 2006: three white storks (ciconia ciconia) in a wildlife rehabilitation center (5.4% of all examined storks; the antibody titers in each bird were 1:320, 1:160, and 1:20), ...200818433332
an evaluation of techniques to control problem bird species on landfill sites.birds feeding on landfill sites cause problems in terms of nuisance to neighbors, flight safety, a threat to public health, and affecting the day to day site operation. a number of control measures exist to deter problem species; however, research into their effectiveness across sites and for multiple species has been limited. we use a modeling approach in order to assess the effectiveness of nine techniques--pyrotechnics, hand-held distress calls, static distress calls, blank ammunition, a comb ...200818256779
an evaluation of techniques to control problem bird species on landfill sites.birds feeding on landfill sites cause problems in terms of nuisance to neighbors, flight safety, a threat to public health, and affecting the day to day site operation. a number of control measures exist to deter problem species; however, research into their effectiveness across sites and for multiple species has been limited. we use a modeling approach in order to assess the effectiveness of nine techniques--pyrotechnics, hand-held distress calls, static distress calls, blank ammunition, a comb ...200818256779
nereidid polychaetes as the major diet of migratory shorebirds on the estuarine tidal flats at fujimae-higata in japan.the dietary items of five migratory shorebirds, dunlin (calidris alpina), red-necked stint (c. ruficollis), grey plover (pluvialis squatarola), whimbrel (numenius phaeopus) and black-headed gull (larus ridibundus), were examined by analyses of fecal droppings during the birds' migration or wintering and by surveys of macrobenthic fauna around their foraging sites on the tidal flats of fujimae-higata, nagoya, central japan. body parts of nereidid, capitellid, and spionid polychaetes and crustacea ...200717824775
nereidid polychaetes as the major diet of migratory shorebirds on the estuarine tidal flats at fujimae-higata in japan.the dietary items of five migratory shorebirds, dunlin (calidris alpina), red-necked stint (c. ruficollis), grey plover (pluvialis squatarola), whimbrel (numenius phaeopus) and black-headed gull (larus ridibundus), were examined by analyses of fecal droppings during the birds' migration or wintering and by surveys of macrobenthic fauna around their foraging sites on the tidal flats of fujimae-higata, nagoya, central japan. body parts of nereidid, capitellid, and spionid polychaetes and crustacea ...200717824775
high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant genes and integrons in escherichia coli isolates from black-headed gulls in the czech republic.to carry out an assessment of the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobials in escherichia coli that has been isolated from young black-headed gulls in three nesting colonies.200717584448
bioaccumulation, temporal trend, and geographical distribution of synthetic musks in the marine environment.bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in a marine food chain was investigated by analyzing marine organisms at various trophic levels, including lugworm, clam, crustacean, fish, marine mammal, and bird samples collected from tidal flat and shallow water areas of the ariake sea, japan. two of the polycyclic musks, hhcb and ahtn, were the dominant compounds found in most of the samples analyzed, whereas nitro musks were not detected in any of the organisms, suggesting greater usage of polycyclic musk ...200717438766
avian mothers create different phenotypes by hormone deposition in their eggs.an increasing number of studies in a variety of taxa demonstrate the role of maternal sex steroids on offspring development. in avian species, mothers deposit substantial amounts of androgens in their eggs, and experimental evidence indicates that these maternal androgens influence the chick's early development. despite the well-known organizing role of sex steroids on brain and behaviour, studies on avian maternal egg hormones almost exclusively focus on the chick phase. here, we show experimen ...200617148315
balancing between costs and benefits of maternal hormone deposition in avian eggs.avian eggs contain substantial amounts of maternal androgens, and several studies have indicated that these are beneficial for the chick. nevertheless, there is a large and systematic variation in maternal hormone concentrations both within and between clutches. if maternal androgens also involve costs, this might explain why not all mothers put high levels of androgens in their clutches. however, the simultaneous occurrence of both benefits and costs has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. ...200517148133
energetic influence on gull flight strategy selection.during non-migratory flight, gulls (larids) use a wide variety of flight strategies. we investigate the extent to which the energy balance of a bird explains flight strategy selection. we develop a model based on optimal foraging and aerodynamic theories, to calculate the ground speeds and airspeeds at which a gull is expected to flap or soar during foraging flight. the model results are compared with observed flight speeds, directions, and flight strategies of two species of gulls, the black-he ...200616943489
energetic influence on gull flight strategy selection.during non-migratory flight, gulls (larids) use a wide variety of flight strategies. we investigate the extent to which the energy balance of a bird explains flight strategy selection. we develop a model based on optimal foraging and aerodynamic theories, to calculate the ground speeds and airspeeds at which a gull is expected to flap or soar during foraging flight. the model results are compared with observed flight speeds, directions, and flight strategies of two species of gulls, the black-he ...200616943489
multiple pathways of maternal effects in black-headed gull eggs: constraint and adaptive compensatory adjustment.we investigated in the black-headed gull whether female deposition of antioxidants and immunoglobulins (enhancing early immune function), and testosterone (suppressing immune function and increasing early competitive skills) correlate suggesting that evolution has favoured the mutual adjustment of different pathways for maternal effects. we also took egg mass, the position of the egg in the laying sequence and offspring sex into account, as these affect offspring survival. yolk antioxidant and i ...200616780531
head-bobbing and non-bobbing walking of black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus).head-bobbing walking (hbw) and non-bobbing walking (nbw) of black-headed gulls were compared from kinematic and behavioral/environmental viewpoints. the birds walked with a longer stride length and lower stride frequency during the hbw than during the nbw. with respect to these two parameters, the hbw of black-headed gulls was similar to that of other head-bobbers, and the nbw was similar to that of other non-bobbers. the stride length and the amplitude of head bobbing were correlated. these res ...200616432727
salmonella in black-headed gulls ( larus ridibundus); prevalence, genotypes and influence on salmonella epidemiology.during a period of 3 years, 1998-2000, 1047 faecal swabs from black-headed gulls were sampled at one location in southern sweden. salmonella spp. was found in 28 individuals (2.7%) and the dominating serotype found was s. typhimurium (83%). twenty-five per cent of the salmonella-infected gulls were later recaptured and re-sampled. we found that salmonella infection in black-headed gulls was of short duration, and that infection in this bird species was predominantly expressed as carriage without ...200616238820
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