Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| prevalence of selected bacterial and parasitic agents in feces from diarrheic and healthy control cats from northern california. | background: bacterial and parasitic agents are commonly implicated as causes of diarrhea in cats, but there is a paucity of information evaluating epidemiological and prevalence factors associated with most of these organisms in cats. objectives: determine the prevalence of selected enteropathogens in diarrheic and nondiarrheic cats. animals: a total of 219 diarrheic and 54 nondiarrheic cats. methods: prospective study. fresh fecal specimens were submitted for centrifugation flotation, culture, ... | 2011 | 22182203 |
| multistate outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport infections associated with ground beef, october to december 2007. | in late october 2007, an outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport infections affected 42 case patients in california, arizona, idaho, and nevada. a case-control study implicated ground beef from one chain store. despite detailed ground beef purchase histories-including shopper card information for several case patients-traceback efforts by both the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service and the california department of public health were unable to identify t ... | 2011 | 21819658 |
| sources and fate of salmonella and fecal indicator bacteria in an urban creek. | this research aimed to understand the sources and fate of salmonella and fecal bacteria in urban surface waters. an urban creek (san pedro creek, california, usa) that had unusually high levels of salmonella and fecal bacteria relative to other nearby waterbodies was chosen as a model field site. state of the art microbiological methods were used in concert with modeling to investigate salmonella and fecal bacteria sources, and determine field-relevant dark inactivation and photoinactivation rat ... | 2011 | 21687857 |
| to the happy few. | i became a microbiologist in post-wwii japan, working with toshio fukasawa on galactose metabolism in salmonella. we characterized mutants defective in udp-galactose 4-epimerase, which produced a defective lipopolysaccharide, and this opened doors for me to study lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, which i pursued in the united states, in the laboratory of herman kalckar. after i moved to berkeley, california, in 1969, i became interested in the function of bacterial outer membranes, a line of work ... | 2011 | 21639787 |
| effect of irradiation on salmonella survival and quality of 2 varieties of whole green onions. | two varieties of green onions, banner and baja verde, were inoculated with a cocktail of 3 salmonella strains using dip and spot inoculation and irradiated at 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kgy using electron beam. salmonella survivors were enumerated using a xld underlay/tsaye overlay plating method. the d values were in the range of 0.26 to 0.32 kgy depending on variety but not on the method of inoculation. this indicated that a 5-log reduction of salmonella can be achieved at a dose of 1.6 kgy. fo ... | 2011 | 21623790 |
| zoonotic pathogens isolated from wild animals and environmental samples at two california wildlife hospitals. | to determine types and estimate prevalence of potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens shed by wild animals admitted to either of 2 wildlife hospitals and to characterize distribution of these pathogens and of aerobic bacteria in a hospital environment. | 2011 | 21401435 |
| prevalence, distribution, and diversity of salmonella enterica in a major produce region of california. | a survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of salmonella enterica in the environment in and around monterey county, ca, a major agriculture region of the united states. trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of ... | 2011 | 21378057 |
| analysis of tomato and jalapeño and serrano pepper imports into the united states from mexico before and during a national outbreak of salmonella serotype saintpaul infections in 2008. | case-control studies conducted during a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype saintpaul infections in 2008 revealed associations between illness and the consumption of jalapeño peppers, serrano peppers, and tomatoes. traceback investigations of implicated jalapeño and serrano peppers led to farms in tamaulipas and nuevo león, mexico. we conducted a novel analysis of a u.s. food and drug administration database of tomatoes and jalapeño and serrano peppers imported from mexico during ... | 2010 | 21219707 |
| impact of urbanization and agriculture on the occurrence of bacterial pathogens and stx genes in coastal waterbodies of central california. | fecal pollution enters coastal waters through multiple routes, many of which originate from land-based activities. runoff from pervious and impervious land surfaces transports pollutants from land to sea and can cause impairment of coastal ocean waters. to understand how land use practices and water characteristics influence concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (fib) and pathogens in natural waters, fourteen coastal streams, rivers, and tidal lagoons, surrounded by variable land use and an ... | 2010 | 21168181 |
| use of a self-assessment questionnaire for food safety education in the home kitchen --- los angeles county, california, 2006-2008. | foodborne diseases remain an important cause of morbidity in the united states among all age groups. a potentially important contributor to this morbidity is improper food handling and preparation practices in kitchens at restaurants and in private homes. in 1998, the los angeles county department of public health (lacdph) established numeric scores for restaurant inspections and posted grades for these inspections publicly; by the end of 1998 this initiative was credited with helping to reduce ... | 2010 | 20814405 |
| presence of bacteroidales as a predictor of pathogens in surface waters of the central california coast. | the value of bacteroidales genetic markers and fecal indicator bacteria (fib) to predict the occurrence of waterborne pathogens was evaluated in ambient waters along the central california coast. bacteroidales host-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) was used to quantify fecal bacteria in water and provide insights into contributing host fecal sources. over 140 surface water samples from 10 major rivers and estuaries within the monterey bay region were tested over 14 months with four bacteroidales- ... | 2010 | 20639358 |
| multistate outbreak of human salmonella typhimurium infections associated with aquatic frogs - united states, 2009. | during april-july 2009, the utah department of health identified five cases of salmonella typhimurium infection with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, predominantly among children. in august, cdc began a multistate outbreak investigation to determine the source of the infections. this report summarizes the results of this ongoing investigation, which, as of december 30, had identified 85 s. typhimurium human isolates with the outbreak strain from 31 states. in a ... | 2010 | 20057349 |
| enteric bacterial pathogen detection in southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) is associated with coastal urbanization and freshwater runoff. | although protected for nearly a century, california's sea otters have been slow to recover, in part due to exposure to fecally-associated protozoal pathogens like toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis neurona. however, potential impacts from exposure to fecal bacteria have not been systematically explored. using selective media, we examined feces from live and dead sea otters from california for specific enteric bacterial pathogens (campylobacter, salmonella, clostridium perfringens, c. difficile an ... | 2010 | 19720009 |
| risk factors for infection with pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant fecal bacteria in northern elephant seals in california. | the goal of this study was to identify potential environmental and demographic factors associated with campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), salmonella enterica (salmonella spp.), and antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli (e. coli) infection in northern elephant seals stranded along the california coastline. | 2008 | 19006978 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar dublin from dairy source calves in the central san joaquin valley, california (1998-2002). | the present study describes antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) in clinical submissions from calves and temporal and farm-type trends in antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates. a total of 300 isolates of s. dublin were obtained from fecal or internal organs of calves fewer than 120 days of age originating from 84 dairies and 18 calf ranches from july 1998 to december 2002. the isolates were susceptibility tested to a ... | 2008 | 18599857 |
| fecal indicator bacteria and salmonella in ponds managed as bird habitat, san francisco bay, california, usa. | throughout the world, coastal resource managers are encouraging the restoration of previously modified coastal habitats back into wetlands and managed ponds for their ecosystem value. because many coastal wetlands are adjacent to urban centers and waters used for human recreation, it is important to understand how wildlife can affect water quality. we measured fecal indicator bacteria (fib) concentrations, presence/absence of salmonella, bird abundance, and physico-chemical parameters in two coa ... | 2008 | 18457857 |
| salmonella infections associated with mung bean sprouts: epidemiological and environmental investigations. | we investigated an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis (se) infections linked to raw mung bean sprouts in 2000 with two case-control studies and reviewed six similar outbreaks that occurred in 2000-2002. all outbreaks were due to unusual phage types (pt) of se and occurred in the united states (pt 33, 1, and 913), canada (pt 11b and 913), and the netherlands (pt 4b). pt 33 was in the spent irrigation water and a drain from one sprout grower. none of the growers disinfected seeds at recommended co ... | 2009 | 18294429 |
| washing practices on the microflora on georgia-grown cantaloupes. | in recent years, several foodborne illness outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of cantaloupe. cantaloupes can be contaminated with pathogens anywhere from the field to the packing line. in the united states, cantaloupes are handled and packed differently in each state. georgia-grown cantaloupes are brought to sheds, washed, and packed, whereas california-grown cantaloupes are field packed. in this study, the microbiological status of cantaloupes produced by four georgia growers t ... | 2008 | 18236661 |
| evaluation of commercial antisera for salmonella serotyping. | we compared a set of commercial salmonella somatic and flagellar serotyping antisera to in-house-prepared antisera from the microbial diseases laboratory, california department of public health, using 327 salmonella enterica strains belonging to subgroups i, ii, iiia, iiib, and iv. the sensitivities of denka seiken (tokyo, japan) somatic and flagellar antisera (using a tube agglutination assay) were 94.0% and 99.2%, respectively, and the specificity was 100% for both sets of sera. polyvalent o a ... | 2008 | 18094130 |
| the use of bulk tank milk samples to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. | the routine monitoring of bacteria obtained from bulk tank milk (btm) may be an important tool for detecting farm-level trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. this study describes and compares antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (salmonella) and escherichia coli recovered from dairy btm. btm from more than 400 dairies in a dairy-intense region of california were sampled eight times at 2- to 3-month intervals over a 29-month period. from sa ... | 2007 | 18041950 |
| prevalence and amounts of salmonella found on raw california almonds. | data on the prevalence and populations of pathogens in individual foods are critical to the development of product-specific quantitative microbial risk assessments. an outbreak of salmonellosis associated with the consumption of raw almonds in 2000 to 2001 provided an opportunity to evaluate the levels of salmonella in the recalled product. duplicate 100-g samples from each of fifty 22.7-kg boxes of recalled almonds were enriched by one of two methods. salmonella was isolated by at least one met ... | 2007 | 17477248 |
| multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. | antimicrobial resistance in yersinia pestis is rare, yet constitutes a significant international public health and biodefense threat. in 1995, the first multidrug resistant (mdr) isolate of y. pestis (strain ip275) was identified, and was shown to contain a self-transmissible plasmid (pip1202) that conferred resistance to many of the antimicrobials recommended for plague treatment and prophylaxis. comparative analysis of the dna sequence of y. pestis plasmid pip1202 revealed a near identical inc ... | 2007 | 17375195 |
| recovery of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium bovis from cheese entering the united states through a noncommercial land port of entry. | a joint multiagency project was initiated in response to a salmonella outbreak in san diego county, california, in 2004. samples of cheese were collected during four 1-day operations at the san ysidro port of entry, along the united states-mexico border. surveyed participants were persons crossing the border as pedestrians or in vehicles who had a minimum of 2.27 kg of cheese, which may suggest a potential diversion to illegal marketing. in addition, data were collected about the cheese to ident ... | 2007 | 17265859 |
| prevalence of salmonella in diverse environmental farm samples. | the development of suitable intervention strategies to control salmonella populations at the farm level requires reliable data on the occurrence and prevalence of the pathogen. previous studies on salmonella prevalence have focused on acquiring data from specific farm types and/or selected regions. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of this pathogen across a variety of farm types and regions in order to generate comparative data from a diverse group of environmental sampl ... | 2006 | 17133798 |
| recurrence of fecal coliforms and salmonella species in biosolids following thermophilic anaerobic digestion. | the u.s. environmental protection agency (u.s. epa) part 503 biosolids rule requires the fecal coliform (indicator) or salmonella species (pathogen) density requirements for class a biosolids to be met at the last point of plant control (truck-loading facility and/or farm for land application). the three southern californian wastewater treatment plants in this study produced biosolids by thermophilic anaerobic digestion and all met the class a limits for both fecal coliforms and salmonella sp. i ... | 2006 | 17120460 |
| full-scale class a biosolids production by two-stage continuous-batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion at the hyperion treatment plant, los angeles, california. | the city of los angeles hyperion treatment plant (htp) (california) converted its anaerobic digesters to thermophilic operation to produce class a biosolids. phase iv tests demonstrated compliance of a two-stage, continuous-batch process with alternative 1 of u.s. environmental protection agency 40 cfr part 503 (u.s. epa, 1993), which defines the time-temperature requirement for batch treatment (t > or = 56.3 degrees c at 16-h holding). fecal coliforms, salmonella sp., viable helminth ova, and e ... | 2006 | 17120443 |
| comparison of salmonella enterica serovar distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns in wastewater at municipal water treatment plants in two california cities. | to determine salmonella enterica serovars and antibiotic resistance (abr) in the human waste stream. | 2006 | 17105561 |
| genetic and phenotypic variability among salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from california dairy cattle and humans. | fifty-six human and 24 adult dairy cattle isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from a single county in california were compared using ribotyping, insertion sequence typing (is200), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid typing, phage typing, and antimicrobial resistance testing. the majority of the isolates fell into one of two groups which were phage types dt104 and dt193. combining the information from all typing methods, a total of 45 different "clusters" were defined, with ... | 2006 | 17021214 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica in preweaned calves from dairies and calf ranches. | to evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica isolated from preweaned calves and identify management risk factors associated with fecal shedding of s enterica. | 2006 | 16948605 |
| salmonella spp., vibrio spp., clostridium perfringens, and plesiomonas shigelloides in marine and freshwater invertebrates from coastal california ecosystems. | the coastal ecosystems of california are highly utilized by humans and animals, but the ecology of fecal bacteria at the land-sea interface is not well understood. this study evaluated the distribution of potentially pathogenic bacteria in invertebrates from linked marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems in central california. a variety of filter-feeding clams, mussels, worms, and crab tissues were selectively cultured for salmonella spp., campylobacter spp., escherichia coli-o157, clostrid ... | 2006 | 16897302 |
| antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among salmonella from retail foods of animal origin: narms retail meat surveillance. | salmonella isolates were recovered from a monthly sampling of chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops purchased from selected grocery stores in six participating foodnet sites (connecticut, georgia, maryland, minnesota, oregon, and tennessee) in 2002 and an additional two sites in 2003 (california and new york). in 2002 and 2003, a total of 6,046 retail meats were examined, including 1,513 chicken breasts, 1,499 ground turkey samples, 1,522 ground beef samples, and 1,502 pork ... | 2006 | 16602986 |
| thermophilic-anaerobic digestion to produce class a biosolids: initial full-scale studies at hyperion treatment plant. | the highest quality of biosolids is called exceptional quality. to qualify for this classification, biosolids must comply with three criteria: (1) metal concentrations, (2) vector-attraction reduction, and (3) the class a pathogen-density requirements. the city of los angeles bureau of sanitation hyperion treatment plant (htp) (playa del rey, california) meets the first two requirements. thus, the objective of this study was to ensure that htp's biosolids production would meet the class a pathog ... | 2006 | 16566524 |
| prevalence of campylobacter and salmonella species on farm, after transport, and at processing in specialty market poultry. | the prevalence of campylobacter and salmonella spp. was determined from live bird to prepackaged carcass for 3 flocks from each of 6 types of california niche-market poultry. commodities sampled included squab, quail, guinea fowl, duck, poussin (young chicken), and free-range broiler chickens. campylobacter on-farm prevalence was lowest for squab, followed by guinea fowl, duck, quail, and free-range chickens. poussin had the highest prevalence of campylobacter. no salmonella was isolated from gu ... | 2006 | 16493957 |
| salmonella and campylobacter spp. in northern elephant seals, california. | campylobacter and salmonella spp. prevalence and antimicrobial drug sensitivity were determined in northern elephant seals that had not entered the water and seals that were stranded on the california coast. stranded seals had a higher prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, possibly from terrestrial sources, which were more likely to be resistant. | 2005 | 16485493 |
| a multi-state outbreak of salmonella serotype thompson infection from commercially distributed bread contaminated by an ill food handler. | foodborne transmission is estimated to account for 95% of non-typhoidal salmonella infections reported in the united states; however, outbreaks of salmonellosis are rarely traced to food handlers. in august 2000, an increase in salmonella serotype thompson infection was noted in southern california; most of the cases reported eating at a restaurant chain (chain a) before illness onset. a case-control study implicated the consumption of burgers at chain a restaurants. the earliest onset of illnes ... | 2005 | 16181501 |
| longitudinal monitoring of two commercial layer flocks and their environments for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and other salmonellae. | between august 20, 2001, and september 17, 2002, 1429 samples including drag swabs, egg belt or egg rollout swabs, fan-blade swabs, rodent organ and intestinal pools, beetle (alphitobius diaperinus) pools, housefly (musca domestica) pools, chicken organ and intestinal pools, and egg pools were obtained for salmonella culture from two flocks from two different commercial layer ranches. the two ranches were purposefully selected for the study based on their previous status of salmonella enteritidi ... | 2005 | 16094821 |
| epidemiologic evaluation of diarrhea in dogs in an animal shelter. | to determine associations among infectious pathogens and diarrheal disease in dogs in an animal shelter and demonstrate the use of geographic information systems (giss) for tracking spatial distributions of diarrheal disease within shelters. | 2005 | 16008226 |
| genotoxicity in native fish associated with agricultural runoff events. | the primary objective of the present study was to test whether agricultural chemical runoff was associated with in-stream genotoxicity in native fish. using sacramento sucker (catostomus occidentalis), we combined field-caging experiments in an agriculturally dominated watershed with controlled laboratory exposures to field-collected water samples, and we coupled genotoxicity biomarker measurements in fish with bacterial mutagenicity analysis of water samples. we selected dna strand breakage as ... | 2004 | 15648762 |
| in vitro genotoxicity of exhaust emissions of diesel and gasoline engine vehicles operated on a unified driving cycle. | acetone extracts of engine exhaust particulate matter (pm) and of vapor-phase semi-volatile organic compounds (svocs) collected from a set of 1998-2000 model year normal emitter diesel engine automobile or light trucks and from a set of 1982-1996 normal emitter gasoline engine automobiles or light trucks operated on the california unified driving cycle at 22 [degree]c were assayed for in vitro genotoxic activities. gasoline and diesel pm were comparably positive mutagens for salmonella typhimuri ... | 2004 | 15614403 |
| hexamita meleagridis (spironucleus meleagridis) infection in chukar partridges associated with high mortality and intracellular trophozoites. | an outbreak of infectious catarrhal enteritis, associated with the flagellated protozoan spironucleus meleagridis (syn. hexamita meleagridis), is reported from a commercial flock of chukar partridges in california. the disease affected birds between the ages of 4 and 6 wk and resulted in diarrhea, listlessness, depression, and high mortality. concurrent infection with other intestinal pathogens, including cryptosporidia, group e salmonella, long-segmented filamentous microorganisms (lsfmos), and ... | 2004 | 15529998 |
| the occurrence and distribution of salmonella enteritidis and other serovars on california egg laying premises: a comparison of two sampling methods and two culturing techniques. | between the summer of 1998 and the winter of 2000, salmonella analysis was performed on 2128 single and 532 pooled manure drag swabs obtained from 133 california commercial egg laying farms. the isolation of salmonella from all rows and from all flocks using single or pooled swabs was 80% and 92%, respectively. hence, there was no statistical difference between single vs. pooled swabs in terms of identifying salmonella on a row or flock basis. a total of 14 serogroups comprising 44 serotypes wer ... | 2004 | 15529981 |
| descriptive study of california egg layer premises and analysis of risk factors for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis as characterized by manure drag swabs. | this cross-sectional, double-blind study reports the prevalence of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) on california egg layer premises using single vs. pooled manure drag swabs and presents a description of egg production and management systems in the state and an initial analysis of risk factors for se. the study included 91% of all known eligible egg premises in california, representing the majority of eggs produced in the state. the overall prevalence of se on california egg layer ... | 2004 | 15529977 |
| persistent diarrhea, arthritis, and other complications of enteric infections: a pilot survey based on california foodnet surveillance, 1998-1999. | numerous complications of enteric infections have been described, including persistent diarrhea, reactive arthritis, and guillain-barre syndrome. we determined the frequency of self-reported complications of enteric infections in a pilot study in the california site of the foodborne diseases active surveillance network. from 1 april 1998 through 31 march 1999, active surveillance identified 1454 infections in alameda and san francisco counties, of which 52% were campylobacter infections, 22% wer ... | 2004 | 15095204 |
| reptiles, amphibians, and human salmonella infection: a population-based, case-control study. | to estimate the burden of reptile- and amphibian-associated salmonella infections, we conducted 2 case-control studies of human salmonellosis occurring during 1996-1997. the studies took place at 5 foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) surveillance areas: all of minnesota and oregon and selected counties in california, connecticut, and georgia. the first study included 463 patients with serogroup b or d salmonella infection and 7618 population-based controls. the second study ... | 2004 | 15095197 |
| dramatic decrease in the incidence of salmonella serotype enteritidis infections in 5 foodnet sites: 1996-1999. | salmonella serotype enteritidis (se) emerged as the most common salmonella serotype among infected persons in the united states during the 1980s and 1990s, with infections reaching a peak in 1995. during the past decade, farm-to-table control measures have been instituted in the united states, particularly in regions with the highest incidence of se infection. we report trends in the incidence of se in the 5 original surveillance areas of the foodborne diseases active surveillance network during ... | 2004 | 15095182 |
| re: "epidemiology of salmonellosis in california, 1990-1999: morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs". | 2004 | 14693666 | |
| reptile-associated salmonellosis--selected states, 1998-2002. | during 1998-2002, cdc received reports from state health departments regarding salmonella infections in persons who had contact with reptiles (e.g., lizards, snakes, and turtles). salmonella infections usually cause gastroenteritis but can result in invasive illness (e.g., septicemia and meningitis), especially in infants and immunocompromised persons. for decades, reptiles have been known as a source for salmonellosis; however, numerous reptile owners remain unaware that reptile contact places ... | 2003 | 14668712 |
| second survey of market poultry for salmonella infection. | on 34 days over a period of 30 months, samplings were made of randomly selected birds slaughtered in randomly chosen processing plants. methods were designed so that salmonella and paracolon bacteria isolated were indigenous to the intestinal tract of the selected bird. incidence rates were 5.25% for turkeys, 0.54% for chicken hens, and 1.05% for chicken fryers. infected birds, providing the potential for contamination, were processed on 58% (turkeys), 25% (chicken hens), and 43% (chicken fryers ... | 1965 | 14325273 |
| etiology of biliary tract disease in southwestern american indians. analysis of 105 consecutive cholecystectomies. | 1964 | 14141778 | |
| shock caused by gram-negative microorganisms. analysis of 169 cases. | 1964 | 14128219 | |
| industry practices and compliance with u.s. food and drug administration guidelines among california sprout firms. | since 1995, raw vegetable sprouts have been implicated as the vehicle of infection in 15 foodborne outbreaks involving salmonella and 2 foodborne outbreaks involving escherichia coli o157:h7. to reduce the numbers of sprout-related outbreaks, the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) published guidance for industry: reducing microbial food safety hazards for sprouting seeds in 1999. between october 2000 and april 2001, 61.5% (16 of 26) of the known commercial sprout firms in california were en ... | 2003 | 12870761 |
| alfalfa seed decontamination in a salmonella outbreak. | based on in vitro data, the u.s. food and drug administration recommends chemical disinfection of raw sprout seeds to reduce enteric pathogens contaminating the seed coats. however, little is known about the effectiveness of decontamination at preventing human disease. in 1999, an outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype mbandaka occurred in oregon, washington, idaho, and california. based on epidemiologic and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis evidence from 87 confirmed cases, the outbreak was li ... | 2003 | 12702229 |
| alfalfa sprouts and salmonella kottbus infection: a multistate outbreak following inadequate seed disinfection with heat and chlorine. | raw sprouts have been implicated in a number of foodborne disease outbreaks. because contaminated seeds are usually responsible, many sprout producers attempt to disinfect seeds before germination and detect sprout contamination during production. in march 2001, we detected an increased number of salmonella serotype kottbus isolates in california. overall, we identified 31 cases from three western states. to identify the cause, we conducted a case-control study with the first 10 identified case- ... | 2003 | 12540175 |
| epidemiology of salmonellosis in california, 1990-1999: morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs. | salmonella is a common cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the united states. the epidemiology and costs of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in california from 1990 through 1999 are described using surveillance, hospitalization, and death data. trends in salmonella rates and factors associated with prolonged hospitalization were evaluated using poisson and linear regression models, respectively. there were 56,660 reported cases, 11,102 hospitalizations, and 74 deaths attributed to samonella. repor ... | 2003 | 12505890 |
| multistate outbreaks of salmonella serotype poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe from mexico--united states and canada, 2000-2002. | three multistate outbreaks of salmonella serotype poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe imported from mexico occurred in the spring of consecutive years during 2000-2002. in each outbreak, the isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns; the pfge patterns observed in the 2000 and 2002 outbreaks were indistinguishable, but the pattern from 2001 was unique among them. outbreaks were identified first by the california department of health services (2 ... | 2002 | 12487526 |
| salmonella in california wildlife species: prevalence in rehabilitation centers and characterization of isolates. | fecal samples from 212 selected marine mammals, marine birds, and raptors were cultured for salmonella spp. on arrival at rehabilitation centers in california from may 1999 through july 2000. salmonella spp. were cultured from nine (4%) animals, and seven serotypes were isolated: johannesberg, montevideo, newport, ohio, saint paul, enteritidis group d, and 4,5,12:1 monophasic. one western gull (larus occidentalis) had two serotypes. antibiotic susceptibilities and chromosomal fingerprints were e ... | 2002 | 12462489 |
| isolation of salmonella from muscoid flies at commercial animal establishments in san bernardino county, california. | adult muscoid flies collected from three dairies and eight commercial poultry ranches in san bernardino county were tested for salmonella enteritidis. of the total 2,686 flies tested, 92.3% were musca domestica, 5.5% fannia canicularis, 1.9% ophyra leucostoma, 0.2% phaenicia sericata, and <0.1% muscina stabulans. whereas flies at the dairies belonged exclusively to m. domestica, faunal composition at the poultry ranches was more diverse, including all five species. among the five fly species, on ... | 2002 | 12125877 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for salmonella in water offered to weaned dairy calves in california, usa. | water from troughs used by weaned dairy calves was sampled on california, usa dairies to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for salmonella contamination. salmonella were found on 4 of 48 dairies (4/82 water samples) in fall 1998 and on 8 of the same 37 dairies (8/83 water samples) in summer, 1999. serotypes isolated from the water were salmonella meleagridis and salmonella typhimurium. primary risk factors associated with the increased prevalence of salmonella in water offered ... | 2002 | 12069779 |
| disease reporting from an automated laboratory-based reporting system to a state health department via local county health departments. | the authors assessed the completeness of disease reporting from a managed care organization's automated laboratory-based reporting system to the california department of health services (cdhs) via local public health departments. | 2001 | 12034915 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. alfalfa sprouts--arizona, california, colorado, and new mexico, february-april, 2001. | 2002 | 11838449 | |
| outbreak of salmonella serotype kottbus infections associated with eating alfalfa sprouts--arizona, california, colorado, and new mexico, february-april 2001. | on march 12, 2001, the california department of health services (cdhs) identified a cluster of salmonella kottbus isolates with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. during february 1-may 1, cdhs identified 23 patients with s. kottbus infections in several california counties and an additional patient from arizona. this report summarizes the results of the investigation of this outbreak, which identified cases in four states and implicated alfalfa sprouts produced a ... | 2002 | 11831433 |
| prevalence of salmonella spp in selected birds captured on california dairies. | to determine the prevalence of salmonella spp in wild birds commonly found on california dairies. | 2002 | 11829269 |
| escherichia coli o157 and salmonella infections associated with sprouts in california, 1996-1998. | in california, from 1996 through 1998, more than 50% of multicounty outbreaks with confirmed food vehicles were related to alfalfa or clover sprouts. | 2001 | 11511138 |
| spatial and temporal clustering of salmonella serotypes isolated from adult diarrheic dairy cattle in california. | electronic records from the california animal health and food safety laboratory system between january 1, 1991, and june 30, 1998, were reviewed, and data on 593 salmonella serotypes isolated from feces or intestinal contents of adult dairy cattle with diarrhea were analyzed to determine spatial and temporal clustering. a statistically significant clustering in space was detected with 10 (typhimurium, montevideo, muenster, anatum, give, menhaden, kentucky, agona, derby, and newport) of the 13 se ... | 2001 | 11482597 |
| fecal shedding of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, salmonella organisms, and escherichia coli o157:h7 from llamas in california. | to evaluate fecal shedding of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, salmonella organisms, and escherichia coli o157:h7 from llamas in california with respect to host factors and management practices. | 2001 | 11327478 |
| an outbreak of salmonella serotype thompson associated with fresh cilantro. | an outbreak of salmonella serotype thompson in california was identified through laboratory-based surveillance and investigated with case-control, traceback, and laboratory studies. there were 35 "sporadic" cases and a restaurant-associated outbreak of 41 cases with onset between 6 march and 31 march 1999. three case patients were hospitalized. a case-control study found a significant association between illness and eating cilantro at a restaurant (63% of case patients vs. 34% of control subject ... | 2001 | 11237818 |
| emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections associated with ampc beta-lactamase. | ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe salmonella infections, especially in children. ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections have recently been reported in the united states, but the extent of the problem is unknown. | 2000 | 11135779 |
| high incidence of extra-intestinal infections in a salmonella havana outbreak associated with alfalfa sprouts. | to determine a vehicle and point source for an outbreak of salmonella havana. | 2000 | 11059427 |
| drag swab efficiency factors when sampling chicken manure. | this study examines drag swabbing distance, media for moistening the drag swabs, and site selection when sampling a laying facility by drag swabbing manure piles. manure piles at a laying facility in california's san joaquin valley were sampled with drag swabs over various distances. samples were cultured for salmonella spp. with standard laboratory methods, and most probable number calculations. salmonella spp. counts were expected to be highly variable because of reported clustering. therefore ... | 2000 | 11007017 |
| incidence of foodborne illnesses reported by the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet)-1997. foodnet working group. | in 1997, the foodborne diseases active surveillance program (foodnet) conducted active surveillance for culture-confirmed cases of campylobacter, escherichia coli o157, listeria, salmonella, shigella, vibrio, yersinia, cyclospora, and cryptosporidium in five emerging infections program sites. foodnet is a collaborative effort of the centers for disease control and prevention's national center for infectious diseases, the united states department of agriculture's food safety and inspection servic ... | 2000 | 10852576 |
| outbreaks of salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs--united states, 1996-1998. | during the 1980s and 1990s, salmonella serotype enteritidis (se) emerged as an important cause of human illness in the united states. the rate of se isolates reported to cdc increased from 0.6 per 100,000 population in 1976 to 3.6 per 100,000 in 1996 (figure 1). case-control studies of sporadic infections and outbreak investigations found that this increase was associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs (1). from 1996 to 1998, the rate of culture-confirmed se cases reported to cdc decl ... | 2000 | 10706440 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreaks of salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating raw or undercooked shell eggs--united states, 1996-1998. | 2000 | 10703766 | |
| antibodies to selected disease agents in translocated wild turkeys in california. | wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) trapped within california (n = 715) or imported into california from other states (n = 381) from 1986 to 1996 were tested for exposure to certain disease agents. prevalence of antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus was low (0-4%) for wild turkeys trapped within california. with the exception of antibody prevalence to m. meleagridis of 33%, the ... | 2000 | 10682760 |
| an outbreak of salmonella serogroup saphra due to cantaloupes from mexico. | an outbreak of salmonella serogroup saphra (s. saphra) infections was studied by laboratory-based surveillance, case-control and trace-back studies, and a survey of cantaloupe preparation practices. twenty-four patients with s. saphra infections had illness onsets between 23 february and 15 may 1997; 75% were </=6 years old; 23% were hospitalized. case patients were more likely than controls to have consumed cantaloupe (88% vs. 45%; matched odds ratio [mor], 15. 5; 95% confidence interval [ci], ... | 1999 | 10479173 |
| microbe management. | 1998 | 10344986 | |
| two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant salmonella serotype typhimurium dt104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in northern california. | salmonella serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104), with resistance to 5 drugs (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline), has emerged as the most common multidrug-resistant salmonella strain in the united states. however, illnesses resulting from this strain have not been associated definitively with a source in this country. | 1999 | 10340367 |
| salmonella enteritidis infections from shell eggs: outbreaks in california. | 1998 | 9830366 | |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from pinnipeds stranded in central and northern california. | over a 2-yr period (1994-1995), the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 129 bacterial isolates recovered from live stranded california sea lions (zalophus californianus), harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) were studied. nineteen genera of bacteria were isolated from various sites of inflammation; abscesses and umbilici were the most common sites. seventy-two percent of the bacterial isolated were gram negative, and the enterobacteriaceae (escherich ... | 1998 | 9809600 |
| bacterial isolates from california sea lions (zalophus californianus), harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) admitted to a rehabilitation center along the central california coast, 1994-1995. | in 2 yr of bacteriologic culturing of 297 california sea lions (zalophus californianus), 154 harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and 89 northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) stranded alive along the california coast, the most frequent isolates from inflammatory lesions in live animals were escherichia coli, streptococcus viridans, listeria ivanovii, beta-hemolytic streptococcus spp., and enterococcus spp. this is the first report of l. ivanovii isolation from a marine mammal. the common i ... | 1998 | 9732032 |
| a survey for salmonella by drag swabbing manure piles in california egg ranches. | a cross-sectional study was conducted between august 1995 and november 1996. sixty california egg-producing ranches were chosen at random; 39 ranches agreed to participate in the study. the surface of the manure pile in one house on each ranch was sampled by drag swabbing. the drag swabs were tested for salmonella using a most probable number procedure that had a detection level of one to five salmonella per drag swab. in 12 ranches (32.4%), the drag swabs were negative for salmonella; the remai ... | 1998 | 9533082 |
| epidemiology and control of egg-associated salmonella enteritidis in the united states of america. | the isolation rate for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) in humans in the united states of america (usa) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). the proportion of reported salmonella isolates which were se increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. in 1990, 1994, and 1995, se was the most commonly reported reported salmonella serotype in the usa. much of this increase ... | 1997 | 9501367 |
| prevalence of salmonella in municipal sewage treatment plant effluents in southern california. | effluents from 12 sewage treatment plants in southern california were examined for salmonella using a moore swab technique. eight of the 12 plants were positive for salmonella when sampled at the chlorination/dechlorination site (inside the plant). effluents from 11 of 12 sewage treatment plants were positive for salmonella when samples were analyzed downstream of the chlorination/dechlorination site, before effluents merge with the receiving stream (outside the plant). two of the three control ... | 1997 | 9201405 |
| case-control study of an outbreak of clinical disease attributable to salmonella menhaden infection in eight dairy herds. | to identify risk factors associated with salmonella menhaden associated disease in adult dairy cows during an outbreak in california. | 1997 | 9040841 |
| epidemic salmonella enteritidis infection in los angeles county, california. the predominance of phage type 4. | between april and july 1994, 501 cases of salmonella enteritidis infection were reported in los angeles county, california, nearly 5 times the number reported between april and july 1993; of these, 422 (84%) were sporadic (not related to known outbreaks). a case-control study was done to determine risk factors for sporadic illness; the distribution of s enteritidis phage types was evaluated. case-patients (n = 58) were county residents older than 1 year with culture-confirmed s enteritidis infec ... | 1996 | 8909164 |
| sewage effluent: likely source of salmonella enteritidis, phage type 4 infection in a commercial chicken layer flock in southern california. | following the diagnosis of salmonella enteritidis, phage type 4, infection in a commercial layer flock in southern california, effluent from a nearby sewer treatment plant was investigated as a potential source of infection. between july 1994 and march 1995, 68 salmonella isolations, comprising 27 serotypes, were made from the inflow (raw sewage) and effluent (treated sewage). thirty-nine of 68 (57%) isolations yielded six serotypes, which consisted of s. enteritidis 12% (8/68), s. cerro 10% (7/ ... | 1996 | 8883800 |
| salmonella enteritidis, phase type 4 infection in a commercial layer flock in southern california: bacteriologic and epidemiologic findings. | salmonella enteritidis, phage type 4 (se pt4), was isolated from five of six 27-wk-old layer chickens submitted for necropsy from a flock of 43,000. bacteriologic and epidemiologic investigations on the ranch revealed that five of the eight flocks (n = 176,000) were infected. the prevalence of se pt4 in randomly selected healthy birds ranged from 1.7% (in caged birds) to 50% (in free-range birds) and prevalence in culled birds (kept on dirt floor houses) ranged from 14% to 42%. the estimated ove ... | 1996 | 8883799 |
| seasonal and spatial variation of the bacterial mutagenicity of fine organic aerosol in southern california. | the bacterial mutagenicity of a set of 1993 urban particulate air pollution samples is examined using the salmonella typhimurium tm677 forward mutation assay. amibent fine particulate samples were collected for 24 hr every sixth day throughout 1993 at four urban sites, including long beach, central los angeles, azusa, and rubidoux, california, and at an upwind background site on san nicolas island. long beach and central los angeles are congested urban areas where air quality is dominated by fre ... | 1996 | 8732954 |
| outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis--california, 1993. | foodborne infections cause an estimated 6.5 million cases of human illness and 9000 deaths annually in the united states. salmonella is the most commonly reported cause of foodborne outbreaks, accounting for 28% of such outbreaks of known etiology and 45% of outbreak-associated cases during 1973-1987. during 1985-1992, state and territorial health departments reported 437 salmonella enteritidis (se) outbreaks (table 1), which accounted for 15,162 cases of illness, 1734 hospitalizations, and 53 d ... | 1993 | 8413165 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis--california, 1993. | 1993 | 8411589 | |
| serotypes of salmonella isolated from california turkey flocks and their environment in 1984-89 and comparison with human isolates. | serotypes of salmonella from turkeys and their environment identified at the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system (cvdls) between 1984 and 1989 are reported. between 1988 and 1989, salmonella serotypes from turkeys were compared from two sources: from routine submissions to the cvdls (primarily associated with the national poultry improvement plan), and from a random sample of turkey farms conducted by the national animal health monitoring system (nahms). serotype isolation frequen ... | 1993 | 8257361 |
| isolation of multiple salmonella serovars from a dairy two years after a clinical salmonellosis outbreak. | samples were obtained for bacteriologic culturing of salmonellae from cows and calves on, and the environment of, a large california dairy that used free-stall housing and a flush system for manure handling. two years previously, the dairy had an outbreak of clinical salmonellosis in the lactating herd; however, since that time, it had not had problems with clinical salmonellosis. on the basis of mean annual milk production per cow, this dairy was consistently ranked in the top 25% of dairies in ... | 1993 | 8253627 |
| prevalence of salmonellae in cattle and in the environment on california dairies. | milk samples were collected from all lactating cows on 60 dairies (mean number of cows/dairy, 584; range, 66 to 2,834) randomly selected from 701 california dairies enrolled in the dairy herd improvement association program. samples were tested, by means of an elisa, for antibodies against salmonella serogroup b, c1, and d1 antigens (somatic antigens o1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12). blood samples were collected from all cows with positive results and tested for serologic evidence of exposure to salmonellae. ... | 1994 | 7961076 |
| enteric pathogens in intensively reared veal calves. | observations were made on development of diarrhea in special-fed calves (n = 460) on 8 commercial facilities during 2 successive 16-week production cycles at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16. a total of 23% were affected, with peak number of calves with diarrhea observed at week 0. suspected enteropathogens were identified in 86% of these calves, most commonly cryptosporidia, coronavirus, and rotavirus. identified potential zoonotic pathogens included giardia and salmonella spp and verotoxigenic esc ... | 1994 | 7879973 |
| apparent outbreaks of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in horses in a veterinary medical teaching hospital. | intestinal colonization with toxigenic strains of clostridium difficile was documented in 9 of 10 horses with acute onset diarrhea in a veterinary medical teaching hospital, whereas a similar isolate was detected in only 1 of 23 other horses without diarrhea in the hospital. one horse with diarrhea was infected simultaneously with both c. difficile and salmonella krefeld. clostridium difficile was detected by fecal culture on selective medium, confirmed with a latex particle agglutination test, ... | 1995 | 7578449 |
| equine salmonellosis: a contemporary view. | the practical implications of equine salmonellosis in the light of present knowledge are reviewed. emphasis is placed on the various clinical forms which the disease may take. these include asymptomatic infections, signs of fever, anorexia and depression, severe acute diarrhoea and the septicaemic form. diagnosis depends on recovery of the organism from the blood or faeces or, at necropsy, from tissues. in asymptomatic infections, it may be necessary to make serial faecal cultures over several d ... | 1981 | 7297543 |
| bacterial and fungal flora of wild northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | tissues from healthy subadult and moribund newborn northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, pribilof islands, alaska, and from healthy pups and yearlings on san miguel island, california, were sampled for bacteria and fungi. corynebacterium spp. and staphylococcus spp. were more frequently present in tissues from animals on st. paul island whereas pseudomonas spp. were frequently isolated on san miguel island. approximately half of the blood samples were positive for bacteria ... | 1982 | 7154218 |
| salmonella dublin infections in the united states, 1979-1980. | human isolates of salmonella dublin were reported to the centers for disease control, atlanta, 103 times in 1980, as isolation rate nearly twice that reported in 1979. in 1979 and 1980 s. dublin was isolated predominantly in the western united states, frequently from males (60% of the total), from adults older than 40 years of age (55%), and from blood (37%). detailed histories were obtained for 39 cases outside of california and oregon, and 32 cases were matched with 62 age-, sex-, and locality ... | 1982 | 7108281 |
| salmonellosis associated with marijuana: a multistate outbreak traced by plasmid fingerprinting. | in january and february of 1981, 85 cases of enteritis caused by salmonella muenchen were reported from ohio, michigan, georgia, and alabama. initial investigation failed to implicate a food source as a common vehicle, but in michigan 76 per cent of the patients, in contrast to 21 per cent of the control subjects, admitted personal or household exposure to marijuana (p less than 0.001, relative risk = 20). marijuana samples obtained from patients' households contained as many as 10(7) s. muenche ... | 1982 | 7070444 |
| diurnal variations in the mutagenicity of airborne particulate organic matter in california's south coast air basin. | 1982 | 7043251 | |
| leads from the mmwr. salmonella dublin and raw milk consumption. | 1984 | 6708265 |