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the first serological investigation of chicken astrovirus infection in china.chicken astrovirus (castv) is associated with 'white chick' syndrome, which increases embryo mortality and reduces hatchability in chickens. in the present study, 1760 sera were collected from 21 provinces in china to detect antibodies directed against castv with an elisa. the sera were from different varieties of chicken in 85 flocks and all the flocks produced positive reactions. the overall seroprevalence in the birds tested was 60.68%. the prevalence increased from 34.17% to 74.44% with the ...201728347631
a review of the strain diversity and pathogenesis of chicken astrovirus.although a relatively recently emerged virus, identified only in 2004 as a separate species of avian astrovirus, chicken astrovirus (castv) has been associated with poor growth of broiler flocks, enteritis and diarrhea and is a candidate pathogen in cases of runting stunting syndrome. more recently castv has been implicated in cases of two other diseases of broilers as the sole etiological agent, namely severe kidney disease of young broilers with visceral gout and the "white chicks" hatchery di ...201728208602
complete genome sequence analysis of chicken astrovirus isolate from india.chicken astroviruses have been known to cause severe disease in chickens leading to increased mortality and "white chicks" condition. here we aim to characterize the causative agent of visceral gout suspected for astrovirus infection in broiler breeder chickens.201728012117
detection and molecular characterization of enteric viruses in enteritis-affected commercial broiler chickens in india.a study was conducted to detect and characterize the enteric viruses (chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus and avian orthoreovirus) present in flocks of commercial broiler chickens suffering from enteritis in haryana, india. the intestinal contents were collected from 65 enteritis-affected flocks (cases) and tested by reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr). of these 65 cases, 35 (53.80%) were positive for a single virus and 26 (40.00%) for two viruses. the remaining four samples were negative f ...201727928915
ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis e virus.hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus and a significant etiological agent of hepatitis, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks globally. tracing the evolutionary ancestry of hev has proved difficult since its identification in 1992, it has been reclassified several times, and confusion remains surrounding its origins and ancestry.201627733122
turkey astrovirus type 1 (tastv-1) and chicken astrovirus (castv) detection in brazilian chicken flocks.astrovirus is a common cause of enteritis in humans and domestic animals. here we report the detection of turkey astrovirus type 1 (tastv-1) and chicken astrovirus (castv) in avian farms. sixty fecal sample pools (five or six birds of the same flock), from chickens without apparent clinical symptoms of enteric disease from farms located in six brazilian states, were screened by an orf1b pcr, followed by nucleotide sequencing of amplified products and phylogenetic analysis. six samples tested pos ...201627610731
prevalence of histopathological intestinal lesions and enteric pathogens in dutch commercial broilers with time.intestinal disease has a major impact on the broiler industry due to economic and welfare reasons. intestinal disease might occur due to a large number of reasons varying from well-defined pathogens to non-specific enteritis and complex syndromes. however, knowledge about the nature of intestinal disease and presence of enteric viruses in the dutch broiler industry is largely absent. therefore, a large-scale field study, in which 98 broiler flocks from 86 farms were sampled weekly, was started t ...201727557362
nearly full-length genome sequence of a novel astrovirus isolated from chickens with 'white chicks' condition.avian astroviruses (aastvs) are divided into three species, avastrovirus 1, avastrovirus 2, and avastrovirus 3, but there are a few strains are waiting to be assigned to an official taxonomic group. this study presents the molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus (castv), pl/g059/2014, which is involved in the induction of "white chicks" condition. the 7382-nucleotide-long genome sequence was determined by next-generation sequencing using an illumina miseq system. phylogenetic analysis s ...201627339687
a metagenomic comparison of endemic viruses from broiler chickens with runting-stunting syndrome and from normal birds.runting-stunting syndrome (rss) in broiler chickens is an enteric disease that causes significant economic losses to poultry producers worldwide due to elevated feed conversion ratios, decreased body weight during growth, and excessive culling. of specific interest are the viral agents associated with rss which have been difficult to fully characterize to date. past research into the aetiology of rss has implicated a wide variety of rna and dna viruses however, to date, no individual virus has b ...201627215546
relationship between different enteric viral infections and the occurrence of diarrhea in broiler flocks in jordan.the aim of this study is to determine if enteric viruses are the cause of diarrhea in broiler flocks in jordan. intestinal content samples were collected from 101 broiler flocks from several regions of jordan to detect the presence of astrovirus, coronavirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). forty-six of these flocks were clinically healthy with no enteric disease, and the other 55 flocks were clinically suffering from diarrhea. the samp ...201627190109
detection and molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus associated with chicks that have an unusual condition known as "white chicks" in brazil.chicken astrovirus (castv) is one of many viruses related to enteric diseases in poultry that are associated with runting-stunting syndrome (rss), which affects young chickens. castv was also recently associated with an unusual condition in chicks called "white chicks." some hatcheries in certain states of brazil have reported several incubation problems, mortality, and the presence of chicks with white plumages over the past several months. these chicks were termed locally as "white chicks." th ...201626976903
molecular detection of chicken parvovirus in broilers with enteric disorders presenting curving of duodenal loop, pancreatic atrophy, and mesenteritis.enteric disorders are an important cause of economic losses in broiler chickens worldwide. several agents have been associated with enteric problems, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. in this study, broiler chickens showing signs of enteric disorders were subjected to molecular diagnosis for several viral agents and also for pathological examination for elucidating this problem. thus, the chickens were screened for avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken astrovirus (castv), avian rotavirus ...201626908891
astrovirus-induced "white chicks" condition - field observation, virus detection and preliminary characterization.chicken astrovirus (castv) was recently indicated as the factor of the "white chicks" condition associated not only with increased embryo/chick mortality but also with weakness and white plumage of hatched chicks. in february 2014, organ samples (livers and kidneys) from dead-in-shell embryos, as well as 1-day-old whitish and normal chicks, were delivered from one hatchery in poland for disease diagnosis. the samples originated from the same 30-week-old breeder flock in which the only observed a ...201626514927
development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for detecting antibodies to chicken astrovirus in chicken sera.the development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serological diagnosis of group b chicken astrovirus (castv) infections is described. the test was based on the use of an affinity-purified capsid antigen, specific to castv isolate 11672, produced as a glutathione-s-transferase n-terminal fusion protein by a recombinant baculovirus. strongly positive elisa signals were elicited against experimentally produced antisera raised to castvs from group b (subgroups i and i ...201526286674
isolation of chicken astrovirus from specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs.astroviruses have been associated with enteric disorders in many animal species, including chickens. here, we describe the isolation, propagation, and pathological characteristics of chicken astrovirus (castv) in specific pathogen free (spf) chicken embryonated eggs (cee) from chickens with diarrhea and runting-stunting syndrome. the cee were inoculated via the yolk sac route. viral confirmation was carried out using pcr techniques and transmission electron microscopy negative staining with ammo ...201525805833
complete sequence of a novel duck astrovirus.a duck astrovirus isolate cph (dastv/cph) detected from newly hatched ducklings was sequenced. the 7463-nt-long genome contained three open reading frames (orfs) that were in three different frames, as seen in dastv/c-ngb. sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length amino acid sequences of the three orfs demonstrated that dastv/cph was highly divergent from previously known avastroviruses for which corresponding sequences are available. genetic analysis of the complete ...201424916056
emergence of enteric viruses in production chickens is a concern for avian health.several viruses have been identified in recent years in the intestinal contents of chickens and turkeys with enteric problems, which have been observed in commercial farms worldwide, including brazil. molecular detection of these viruses in brazil can transform to a big threat for poultry production due to risk for intestinal integrity. this disease is characterized by severely delayed growth, low uniformity, lethargy, watery diarrhea, delayed feed consumption, and a decreased conversion rate. c ...201424578633
molecular characterization of a duck hepatitis virus 3-like astrovirus.using an orf1b-based astrovirus-specific reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay, a duck hepatitis virus type 3 (dhv-3)-like astrovirus was detected from four intestinal samples collected from diseased ducks in china. complete genome sequencing and comparative sequence analysis showed that the four duck astrovirus (dastv) isolates were closely related and possessed a typical astrovirus genome organization. genetic analysis of the complete orf2 region revealed that mean amino acid genetic distances ...201424560589
chicken astrovirus detected in hatchability problems associated with 'white chicks'. 201324163046
molecular survey of enteric viruses in commercial chicken farms in korea with a history of enteritis.several enteric viruses have increasingly received attention as potential causative agents of runting-stunting syndrome (rss) in chickens. a molecular survey was performed to determine the presence of a broad range of enteric viruses, namely chicken astrovirus (castv), avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken parvovirus (chpv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian rotavirus (avrv), avian reovirus (arv), and fowl adenovirus (fadv), in intestinal samples derived from 34 commercial chicken flocks t ...201324135590
chicken astrovirus capsid proteins produced by recombinant baculoviruses: potential use for diagnosis and vaccination.chicken astroviruses (castvs) have been characterized recently. due to their relatively poor growth in cell culture, virus-specific antigens are not readily available for the development of diagnostic reagents and vaccines. for this purpose two capsid protein antigens, specified by the 11672 isolate of castv, were produced in insect cells following infection with recombinant baculoviruses. the gst-11672 capsid protein, a fusion protein comprising the capsid protein and glutathione-s-transferase ...201324066895
role of chicken astrovirus as a causative agent of gout in commercial broilers in india.several outbreaks of gout were reported in commercial broilers in india during 2011 and 2012, causing up to 40% mortality in the birds. gross and histopathological observations confirmed gout. quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) analysis from kidney samples of gout-affected birds indicated the presence of chicken astrovirus (castv) in 41.7% of cases and a mixed infection of castv and avian nephritis virus (anv) in 36.4% of cases. castv isolated from gout-affect ...201324015918
an unusual case of concomitant infection with chicken astrovirus and group a avian rotavirus in broilers with a history of severe clinical signs.a molecular study of intestinal samples from 21 broiler flocks with a history of enteritis revealed that 23.8% and 14.3% were positive for chicken astrovirus (castv) and avian rotavirus (arv), respectively. castv and group a arv were simultaneously detected in only one broiler flock. birds in this group developed the significant intestinal lesions characterized by frothy contents, paleness, and thin intestinal walls. in this report we present an unusual case of runting stunting syndrome (rss) wi ...201323814478
circulation and phylogenetic relationship of chicken and turkey-origin astroviruses detected in domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus).the natural occurrence of chicken and turkey-origin astroviruses in domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) is described. twenty-two duck flocks were covered by this research. the liver, spleen, kidney and intestines were sampled and tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the presence of avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken astrovirus (castv), turkey astrovirus (tastv)-1, tastv-2 and duck astrovirus. the astrovirus infection was confirmed in multiple organ samples f ...201223237368
astroviruses associated with stunting and pre-hatching mortality in duck and goose embryos.the first detection of avian nephritis virus (anv) in goose embryos and of turkey astrovirus-1 (tastv-1) in duck embryos is described. intestinal samples from duck and goose embryos from five duck and four goose flocks in croatia were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of anv, tastv-1, turkey astrovirus-2, chicken astrovirus, duck astrovirus and also for the presence of avian reovirus, derzsy's disease virus and duck enteritis virus. the kidneys from duck and goose embryos were ...201222845326
investigation into the aetiology of runting and stunting syndrome in chickens.currently, the aetiology of runting and stunting syndrome (rss) in chickens is unknown. the impact of rss on weight gain and microscopic lesions in immunological organs and the duodenum, was investigated in 1-day-old commercial broilers at 12 days following exposure to rss-contaminated litter. furthermore, the presence of the viral nucleic acids of three astroviruses and one parvovirus was analysed by in situ hybridization from days 1 through 5 post exposure. a 70% decrease in weight was observe ...201222845320
simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type i in broiler chicken flocks.enteric diseases cause substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. astroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and adenovirus type 1 have been reported as a significant cause of intestinal symptoms in poultry. in the present study, intestinal samples from 70 commercial broiler chicken flocks were examined for the presence of astroviruses, rotavirus, and reovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and for the presence of group i adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction. astrov ...201222844713
capsid protein sequence diversity of chicken astrovirus.the complete capsid gene sequences of 24 chicken astroviruses (castvs), collected in the uk, germany, the netherlands and south africa from the 1980s to 2008, were determined and compared with that of a us castv (uga-2006). pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the existence of two major capsid groups, designated a and b, which shared 38 to 40% amino acid identity. castvs from groups a and b shared capsid protein identities ranging from 26 to 38% with other avian astrovirus ...201222515534
determination of the full length sequence of a chicken astrovirus suggests a different replication mechanism.the genomic rna of a novel chicken astrovirus was determined. the full length sequence is 7520 nucleotides and encodes three open reading frames (1a, 1b, 2) for three proteins. the genomic organization was similar to other astroviruses with two exceptions. the open reading frame of the rna-dependent rna polymerase contains its own start codon which is different from other astroviruses described to date, providing evidence for a replication mechanism different than what has previously been descri ...201121879342
detection of astrovirus infection in pigeons (columbia livia) during an outbreak of diarrhoea.avian astrovirus infections are widespread in many countries, and infections have been linked to enteritis and increased mortality in young poultry. although pigeons are treated as an important poultry product in some countries, their diseases are often poorly understood and astrovirus infection in pigeons has not been reported. in the present study, faecal samples were collected during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a population of shanghai pigeons. the samples were examined for ast ...201121812714
development and evaluation of real-time taqman® rt-pcr assays for the detection of avian nephritis virus and chicken astrovirus in chickens.the development and preliminary evaluations of two taqman®-based, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assays for the quantitative detection of avian nephritis virus (anv) and chicken astrovirus (castv) rnas are described. the assays used amplicons generated from the 3' untranslated region of the anv genome and a conserved region of castv open reading frame 1b including its junction with open reading frame 2. high virus rna levels (>10(5.99) viral copies) were dete ...201021154056
molecular characterization of avian astroviruses.astroviruses are frequently associated with enteric diseases in poultry, being isolated from cases of runting-stunting syndrome (rss) of broiler chickens, poult enteritis complex (pec), and poult enteritis mortality syndrome (pems) of turkeys. currently, five types of avian astrovirus have been identified: turkey astroviruses 1 and 2 (tastv-1, tastv-2), avian nephritis virus (anv), chicken astrovirus (castv) and duck astrovirus (dastv). the objective of this study was to molecularly characterize ...201021069394
development and application of an rt-pcr test for detecting avian nephritis virus.the development of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) test for detecting avian nephritis virus (anv) is described. primers, which amplified a fragment of 182 base pairs (bp), were located in the conserved 3' untranslated region (utr) of the genome. the limit of detection of the test was estimated to be approximately 18 viral copies using a 10-fold dilution series of in vitro transcribed rna. positive signals were produced with representative anv samples, some of which wer ...201020544427
a seroprevalence investigation of chicken astrovirus infections.two genetically different isolates of chicken astrovirus (castv), named castv612 and castv11672, which share low levels of antigenic relatedness in cross-indirect immunofluorescence (iif) tests, have been identified recently. in the present study, separate iif tests for detecting antibodies to the castv612 and castv11672 isolates have been used to determine the seroprevalences of castv infections in four generations of flocks involved in broiler chicken production. castv antibodies were detected ...200919937515
detection of chicken astrovirus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.the development of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) test for detecting chicken astroviruses (castv) is described. primers, which amplified a fragment of 510 base pairs, were located in conserved regions within the orf 1b (rna polymerase) gene. the limit of detection of the test was estimated to be approximately 60 viral copies using a 10-fold dilution series of in vitro transcribed rna. positive signals were produced with representative castv samples, some of which were ...200919937514
identification of chicken enterovirus-like viruses, duck hepatitis virus type 2 and duck hepatitis virus type 3 as astroviruses.earlier work identified and biologically characterized antigenically distinct enterovirus-like viruses (elvs) of chickens. three of these elvs can now be identified as astroviruses. characterization involved the use of a hitherto undescribed, degenerate primer-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to amplify astrovirus open reading frame (orf) 1b-specific cdna fragments followed by nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of the amplified fragments. elv-1 was confi ...200919156577
enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the united states between 2005 and 2006.intestinal samples collected from 43 commercial broiler and 33 commercial turkey flocks from all regions of the united states during 2005 and 2006 were examined for the presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and coronavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and for the presence of groups 1 and 2 adenovirus by pcr. phylogenetic analysis was performed to further characterize the viruses and to evaluate species association and geographic patterns. astroviruses were ide ...200818646452
a multiplex rt-pcr test for the differential identification of turkey astrovirus type 1, turkey astrovirus type 2, chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus, and avian rotavirus.recent studies have revealed the presence ofastroviruses and rotavirus in numerous poorly performing and healthy chicken and turkey flocks in the united states. the phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data produced during these studies has identified four groups of avian astroviruses circulating in the united states: turkey astrovirus types 1 and 2 (tastv-1 and tastv-2), avian nephritis virus (anv), and a chicken-origin astrovirus (castv). as the molecular epidemiology of poultry enteric disea ...200717992926
the isolation and characterisation of astroviruses from chickens.the isolation, cultivation and characterization of three chicken astroviruses (castv) isolates are described. they are antigenically related to each other but unrelated to avian nephritis virus (anv) and duck hepatitis virus type 2 (dvh2) in neutralization, immunofluorescence and gel diffusion tests. castv, anv and dvh2 all grew well in the lmh cell line, which was used for assay and serological tests. serological surveys in 1982 and 2001 showed that antibody to castv virus was widespread in bro ...200415223568
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