Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| relationship between pathogenesis of guillain-barre syndrome and penner's serotypes of campylobacter jejuni. | to investigate the relationship between the pathogenesis of guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) and campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) in china. | 1999 | 11717947 |
| vaccination, prevention, and treatment of experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean) by an oligomerized t cell epitope. | using a polypeptide oligomer harboring 16 repeats of the neuritogenic epitope (aa 58-73) of myelin p2 protein separated by spacers, enhancement of the immune response to the p2 protein, an important neuritogenic autoantigen in experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean), was attempted. in contrast to a previous study with plp-16-mer antigen-specific response of t cells was attenuated at all doses examined to a variable degree. treatment of lewis rats with the p2-16-mer up to 2 months before immunizat ... | 2001 | 11717443 |
| pre-exposure anti-campylobacter jejuni immunoglobulin a levels associated with reduced risk of campylobacter diarrhea in adults traveling to thailand. | diarrhea history questionnaires were administered to 369 u.s. military volunteers before and after deployment to thailand. additionally, blood samples obtained from a subset of 221 volunteers 1-3 weeks previously and 3-4 weeks after their deployment were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin a to campylobacter jejuni. stool samples from personnel (including volunteers) contracting diarrhea in thailand were cultured for enteric pathogens. overall, 35.2% (130 of 369) of qu ... | 2001 | 11716132 |
| rnamotif, an rna secondary structure definition and search algorithm. | rna molecules fold into characteristic secondary and tertiary structures that account for their diverse functional activities. many of these rna structures are assembled from a collection of rna structural motifs. these basic building blocks are used repeatedly, and in various combinations, to form different rna types and define their unique structural and functional properties. identification of recurring rna structural motifs will therefore enhance our understanding of rna structure and help a ... | 2001 | 11713323 |
| efficient isolation of campylobacter upsaliensis from stools. | 2001 | 11712518 | |
| [bacteremia caused by campylobacter jejuni in a 22 year old male with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia]. | 2001 | 11709134 | |
| trichuris suis: detection of antibacterial activity in excretory-secretory products from adults. | antibacterial activity was detected in excretory-secretory products (esp) of adult trichuris suis cultured in vitro in serum-free media. gram-negative bacteria (campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and escherichia coli) and gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) were sensitive to esp. susceptibility was dependent on the concentration of esp but not on the inoculum size. preliminary assessment of the mode of action suggests a bacteriocidal mechanism. this antibacterial activity was h ... | 2001 | 11708831 |
| role of flic and flid flagellar proteins of clostridium difficile in adherence and gut colonization. | in vitro and in vivo adhesive properties of flagella and recombinant flagellin flic and flagellar cap flid proteins of clostridium difficile were analyzed. flic, flid, and crude flagella adhered in vitro to axenic mouse cecal mucus. radiolabeled cultured cells bound to a high degree to flid and weakly to flagella deposited on a membrane. the tissue association in the mouse cecum of a nonflagellated strain was 10-fold lower than that of a flagellated strain belonging to the same serogroup, confir ... | 2001 | 11705981 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin b plasmid and identification of a novel adp-ribosyltransferase, edin-c. | the complete nucleotide sequence of petb, a 38.2-kb staphylococcus aureus plasmid encoding the exfoliative toxin b (etb), was determined. a total of 50 open reading frames were identified on the plasmid genome and, among these, 32 showed sequence similarity to known proteins. petb contains three copies of is257, which divide the petb genome into three regions: (i) a cadmium resistance operon-containing region, (ii) a lantibiotic production gene-containing region, and (iii) the remaining part whe ... | 2001 | 11705958 |
| intra- and interspecies regulation of gene expression by actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans luxs. | the cell density-dependent control of gene expression is employed by many bacteria for regulating a variety of physiological functions, including the generation of bioluminescence, sporulation, formation of biofilms, and the expression of virulence factors. although periodontal organisms do not appear to secrete acyl-homoserine lactone signals, several species, e.g., porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, and fusobacterium nucleatum, have recently been shown to secrete a signal related ... | 2001 | 11705942 |
| identification, characterization, and variation in expression of two serologically distinct o-antigen epitopes in lipopolysaccharides of campylobacter fetus serotype a strains. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigens of campylobacter fetus serotype a and b strains were produced. eight mabs specific for serotype a lps were characterized on immunoblots of c. fetus serotype a lps. two immunoblot patterns were observed and were used to divide the eight mabs into two groups. mabs m1177 and m1194 were selected as representative of the two groups and were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to examine the lps o-antigen epitopes ... | 2001 | 11705938 |
| phenotypic and genomic analyses of the mycobacterium avium complex reveal differences in gastrointestinal invasion and genomic composition. | mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare are closely related organisms and comprise the mycobacterium avium complex. these organisms share many common characteristics, including the ability to cause life-threatening respiratory infections in people with underlying lung pathology or immunological defects and occasionally in those with no known predisposing conditions. however, the ability to invade the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and cause disseminated disease in aids patient ... | 2001 | 11705893 |
| intravenous immunoglobulin for cranial polyneuropathy associated with campylobacter jejuni infection. | this study reports the efficacy of i.v. immunoglobulin in a patient with cranial polyneuropathy resulting from campylobacter jejuni infection who had high titers of serum igg antibodies against gangliosides gd1a and gt1b in the acute phase. treatment with i.v. immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg/day x 5 days) led to rapid partial resolution of his neurologic manifestations, but complete recovery was not obtained until 6 months later. the present case suggests that i.v. immunoglobulin therapy prevents furt ... | 2001 | 11704403 |
| prevalence of foodborne pathogens in bulk tank milk. | bulk tank milk from 131 dairy herds in eastern south dakota and western minnesota was examined for the presence of for foodborne pathogens. campylobacter jejuni, shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., and yersinia enterocolitica were detected in 9.2, 3.8, 4.6, 6.1, and 6.1% of bulk tank milk samples, respectively. thirty-five of 131 (26.7%) bulk tank milk samples contained one or more species of pathogenic bacteria. isolates of salmonella belonged to gro ... | 2001 | 11699446 |
| the study of infectious intestinal disease in england: risk factors for cases of infectious intestinal disease with campylobacter jejuni infection. | this is a case-control study aimed at identifying risk factors for intestinal infection with campylobacter jejuni. cases were defined as subjects with diarrhoea occurring in community cohorts or presenting to general practitioners (gps) with campylobacter jejuni in stools. controls were selected from gp lists or cohorts, matched by age, sex, and gp practice. travel abroad and consumption of chicken in a restaurant were statistically significantly associated with being a case. there was no statis ... | 2001 | 11693495 |
| strain-specific genes of helicobacter pylori: distribution, function and dynamics. | whole-genome clustering of the two available genome sequences of helicobacter pylori strains 26695 and j99 allows the detection of 110 and 52 strain-specific genes, respectively. this set of strain-specific genes was compared with the sets obtained with other computational approaches of direct genome comparison as well as experimental data from microarray analysis. a considerable number of novel function assignments is possible using database-driven sequence annotation, although the function of ... | 2001 | 11691927 |
| rapid detection of mutations associated with resistance to erythromycin in campylobacter jejuni/coli by pcr and line probe assay. | mutation of 23s rdna is one of the mechanisms of erythromycin resistance. pcr and line probe assay (pcr-lipa) with ten oligonucleotide probes were developed to detect the mutations associated with macrolide resistance at positions of 2072, 2073 and 2074 in 23s rdna of campylobacter jejuni/coli. a2074-->g mutation was detected in 12 of 25 isolates, which were resistant to erythromycin. no other mutations in 23s rdna were detected. the rest of the strains were susceptible to erythromycin and no mu ... | 2001 | 11691569 |
| the genetic bases for the variation in the lipo-oligosaccharide of the mucosal pathogen, campylobacter jejuni. biosynthesis of sialylated ganglioside mimics in the core oligosaccharide. | we have compared the lipo-oligosaccharide (los) biosynthesis loci from 11 campylobacter jejuni strains expressing a total of 8 different ganglioside mimics in their los outer cores. based on the organization of the genes, the 11 corresponding loci could be classified into three classes, with one of them being clearly an intermediate evolutionary step between the other two. comparative genomics and expression of specific glycosyltransferases combined with in vitro activity assays allowed us to id ... | 2002 | 11689567 |
| evaluation of a pcr/dna probe colorimetric membrane assay for identification of campylobacter spp. in human stool specimens. | dna was extracted from 50 human stool specimens using the qiaamp dna stool minikit. pcr amplification was followed by post-pcr hybridization to dna probes specific for the campylobacter genus, campylobacter jejuni, and campylobacter coli in a colorimetric membrane assay. thirty-two of 38 culture-positive specimens were pcr/dna probe positive for c. jejuni. the assay is rapid and simple and can be applied to stool specimens for the detection of campylobacter. | 2001 | 11682549 |
| bacterial genetic fingerprint: a reliable factor in the study of the epidemiology of human campylobacter enteritis? | the rate of human intestinal infections with more than a single campylobacter strain was determined and the genetic variabilities of campylobacter strains throughout an infection episode were investigated by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence pcr (eric-pcr). for 48 and 49 of 50 patients, all isolates from one sample showed identical patterns by pfge and eric-pcr, respectively. throughout an infection episode in 47 of 52 p ... | 2001 | 11682547 |
| recombinant flagellin a proteins from borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii, and b. garinii in serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis. | genes for flagellin a (flaa) proteins from european borrelial strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii, and b. garinii were cloned and sequenced. an identity of 92 to 93% was observed in the flaa sequences of the different species. polyhistidine-tagged recombinant flaa (rflaa) proteins were produced in escherichia coli and used as antigens in western blotting (wb) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in immunoglobulin g (igg) wb, 71% (10 of 14) of the sera from neurobo ... | 2001 | 11682523 |
| genome sequence-based fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism of campylobacter jejuni, its relationship to serotyping, and its implications for epidemiological analysis. | the published genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni strain nctc 11168 was used to model an accurate and highly reproducible fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis. predicted and experimentally observed amplified fragments (afs) generated with the primer pair hindiii+a and hhai+a were compared. all but one of the 61 predicted afs were reproducibly detected, and no unpredicted fragments were amplified. this faflp analysis was used to genotype 74 c. jejuni strains bel ... | 2001 | 11682493 |
| genomic characterization of helicobacter hepaticus: ordered cosmid library and comparative sequence analysis. | helicobacter hepaticus is an important pathogen in laboratory mice and induces the development of liver tumors and gastrointestinal disease in susceptible strains of mice. in this study, a miniset of 36 cosmid clones from a genomic library of h. hepaticus was ordered and grouped into four large contigs representing approximately 1 mb of the h. hepaticus genome using pcr, dna sequencing, southern and dot-blot hybridization and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. from the 200-300 terminal nucleotide ... | 2001 | 11682194 |
| [the current antimicrobial resistance situation in swiss veterinary medicine]. | antimicrobial susceptibility data (n = 1501) and bacterial isolates (n = 258) of important bacterial pathogens from animals were collected in collaboration with eight swiss laboratories from may 1999 to february 2000. using these data, the antimicrobial resistance situation could be assessed for the following bacterial species: escherichia coli, salmonella, haemophilus parasuis, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica, bordetella bronchiseptica, campylobact ... | 2001 | 11680911 |
| detection and quantification of methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading strain pm1 by real-time taqman pcr. | the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe), a widely distributed groundwater contaminant, shows potential for treatment by in situ bioremediation. the bacterial strain pm1 rapidly mineralizes and grows on mtbe in laboratory cultures and can degrade the contaminant when inoculated into groundwater or soil microcosms. we applied the taqman quantitative pcr method to detect and quantify strain pm1 in laboratory and field samples. specific primers and probes were designed for the 16s ribosoma ... | 2001 | 11679339 |
| detection of campylobacter jejuni in poultry samples using an enzyme-linked immunoassay coupled with an enzyme electrode. | an enzyme-linked immunoassay coupled with a tyrosinase modified enzyme electrode was used for rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni. the immunomagnetic separation (ims) method was investigated to achieve optimal isolation of c. jejuni cells. eight types of beads with three different sizes and function groups were coated with anti-c. jejuni to isolate c. jejuni from the sample solution. bead size and coating methods were found to be major factors that influenced the capture efficacy. streptavid ... | 2001 | 11679257 |
| [primary digestive tract kaposi sarcoma with idiopathic cd4+ lymphocytopenia, hiv negative, hhv8 positive]. | a 52-year-old tunisian patient had fever, impaired health and several opportunistic infections (campylobacter jejuni, mycobacterium hominis, herpes virus, giardia intestinalis, vibrio metschnikovii). lymphocytopenia was noted (348/mm3; cd4+: 2.2%; cd4+/cd8+: 0.1). polymerase chain rection search for hiv was negative in serum and in tumor tissue. diagnosis of primary digestive kaposi sarcoma was established at autopsy due to the deep location of the lesions. there was an ulcerofungating tumor spr ... | 2001 | 11673737 |
| campylobacter fetus uses multiple loci for dna inversion within the 5' conserved regions of sap homologs. | campylobacter fetus cells possess multiple promoterless sap homologs, each capable of expressing a surface layer protein (slp) by utilizing a unique promoter present on a 6.2-kb invertible element. each sap homolog includes a 626-bp 5' conserved region (fcr) with 74 bp upstream and 552 bp within the open reading frame. after dna inversion, the splice is seamless because the fcrs are identical. in mutant strain 23d:aca2k101, in which sapa and sapa2 flanking the invertible element in opposite orie ... | 2001 | 11673436 |
| interaction of the antiactivator flen with the transcriptional activator fleq regulates flagellar number in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | flagellar number in pseudomonas aeruginosa is controlled by flen, a putative atp/gtp binding protein. disruption of flen results in multiflagellation of the otherwise monoflagellate strains pak and pao1 and is associated with a chemotactic defect. we propose that flagellar number is maintained by the antiactivator flen, which downregulates flagellar genes by binding to their transcriptional activator, fleq, an enhancer binding protein belonging to the nifa subfamily. in this report we demonstrat ... | 2001 | 11673434 |
| molecular characterization and regulation of the aguba operon, responsible for agmatine utilization in pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1. | pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 utilizes agmatine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source via two reactions catalyzed successively by agmatine deiminase (encoded by agua; also called agmatine iminohydrolase) and n-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase (encoded by agub). the aguba and adjacent agur genes were cloned and characterized. the predicted agub protein (m(r) 32,759; 292 amino acids) displayed sequence similarity (< or =60% identity) to enzymes of the beta-alanine synthase/nitrilase family. while ... | 2001 | 11673419 |
| pancreatic hyperamylasemia during acute gastroenteritis: incidence and clinical relevance. | many case reports of acute pancreatitis have been reported but, up to now, pancreatic abnormalities during acute gastroenteritis have not been studied prospectively. | 2001 | 11667952 |
| mannosylerythritol lipid, a yeast extracellular glycolipid, shows high binding affinity towards human immunoglobulin g. | there have been many attempts to develop new materials with stability and high affinity towards immunoglobulins. some of glycolipids such as gangliosides exhibit a high affinity toward immunoglobulins. however, it is considerably difficult to develop these glycolipids into the practical separation ligand due to their limited amounts. we thus focused our attention on the feasible use of "mannosylerythritol lipid a", a yeast glycolipid biosurfactant, as an alternative ligand for immunoglobulins, a ... | 2001 | 11604104 |
| mechanisms for the induction of autoimmunity by infectious agents. | 2001 | 11602615 | |
| t-cell responses to viral, bacterial and protozoan antigens in rheumatoid inflammation. selective migration of t cells to synovial tissue. | to identify any preferential or selective migration of t-cell specificities to inflamed tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients. | 2001 | 11600741 |
| families of restriction enzymes: an analysis prompted by molecular and genetic data for type id restriction and modification systems. | current genetic and molecular evidence places all the known type i restriction and modification systems of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica into one of four discrete families: type ia, ib, ic or id. stysbli is the founder member of the id family. similarities of coding sequences have identified restriction systems in e.coli and klebsiella pneumoniae as probable members of the type id family. we present complementation tests that confirm the allocation of ecor9i and kpnai to the id family ... | 2001 | 11600708 |
| novel tetracycline resistance gene, tet(32), in the clostridium-related human colonic anaerobe k10 and its transmission in vitro to the rumen anaerobe butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. | a novel tetracycline resistance gene, designated tet(32), which confers a high level of tetracycline resistance, was identified in the clostridium-related human colonic anaerobe k10, which also carries tet(w). tet(32) was transmissible in vitro to the rumen anaerobe butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 2221(r). the predicted gene product of tet(32) has 76% amino acid identity with tet(o). pcr amplification indicated that tet(32) is widely distributed in the ovine rumen and in porcine feces. | 2001 | 11600392 |
| in vitro anti-helicobacter pylori activity of the probiotic strain bacillus subtilis 3 is due to secretion of antibiotics. | a limited number of antibiotics can be used against helicobacter pylori infection, and resistance jeopardizes the success of treatment. therefore, a search for new agents is warranted. the use of probiotics to enhance gastrointestinal health has been proposed for many years, but the scientific basis of the prophylactic and therapeutic actions of probiotics has not yet been clearly delineated. probiotic strain bacillus subtilis 3, whose safety has previously been demonstrated, is known to have an ... | 2001 | 11600371 |
| a case of campylobacter jejuni peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. | 2001 | 11599746 | |
| determination of the infectious dose of helicobacter pylori during primary and secondary infection in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | we sought to determine the infectious dose of helicobacter pylori during primary and secondary infection in the rhesus monkey and to determine whether preinoculation acid suppression is necessary to produce colonization. mixed inoculation with three human-derived strains showed that h. pylori j166 is particularly adapted to colonization of rhesus monkeys, since it outcompeted two other strains. the minimum infectious dose of h. pylori j166 was 10(4) bacteria in specific-pathogen (h. pylori)-free ... | 2001 | 11598063 |
| characterization of a brucella species 25-kilobase dna fragment deleted from brucella abortus reveals a large gene cluster related to the synthesis of a polysaccharide. | in the present study we completed the nucleotide sequence of a brucella melitensis 16m dna fragment deleted from b. abortus that accounts for 25,064 bp and show that the other brucella spp. contain the entire 25-kb dna fragment. two short direct repeats of four nucleotides, detected in the b. melitensis 16m dna flanking both sides of the fragment deleted from b. abortus, might have been involved in the deletion formation by a strand slippage mechanism during replication. in addition to omp31, co ... | 2001 | 11598046 |
| lactate stimulation of gonococcal metabolism in media containing glucose: mechanism, impact on pathogenicity, and wider implications for other pathogens. | 2001 | 11598023 | |
| the esat-6 gene cluster of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other high g+c gram-positive bacteria. | the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv has five copies of a cluster of genes known as the esat-6 loci. these clusters contain members of the cfp-10 (lhp) and esat-6 (esat-6) gene families (encoding secreted t-cell antigens that lack detectable secretion signals) as well as genes encoding secreted, cell-wall-associated subtilisin-like serine proteases, putative abc transporters, atp-binding proteins and other membrane-associated proteins. these membrane-associated and energy-providing pro ... | 2001 | 11597336 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| whole genome comparison of campylobacter jejuni human isolates using a low-cost microarray reveals extensive genetic diversity. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 c. jejuni strains of diverse origin identified genes in up to 30 nctc 11168 loci ranging from 0.7 to 18.7 kb that are either absent or highly divergent in these isolates. many of these regions are associated with the biosynthesis of surface structures including flagella, lipo-oligosaccharide, and the ne ... | 2001 | 11591647 |
| novel hemoglobins to enhance microaerobic growth and substrate utilization in escherichia coli. | limited oxygen availability is a prevalent problem in microbial biotechnology. recombinant escherichia coli expressing the hemoglobin from vitreoscilla (vhb) or the flavohemoglobin from ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) (fhp) demonstrate significantly increased cell growth and productivity under microaerobic conditions. we identify novel bacterial hemoglobin-like proteins and examine if these novel bacterial hemoglobins can elicit positive effects similar to vhb and fhp and if ... | 2001 | 11587567 |
| molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance. | the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of a clinical isolate, especially with increasing resistance, is often crucial for the optimal antimicrobial therapy of infected patients. nucleic acid-based assays for the detection of resistance may offer advantages over phenotypic assays. examples are the detection of the methicillin resistance-encoding meca gene in staphylococci, rifampin resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the spread of resistance determinants across the globe. how ... | 2001 | 11585788 |
| guillain-barré syndrome serum and anti-campylobacter antibody do not exacerbate experimental autoimmune neuritis. | to investigate whether antibodies are pathogenic in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), we injected pre-treatment serum from 11 gbs patients intraperitoneally into rats in which the blood-nerve barrier had been opened by induction of mild adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune neuritis. there was no significant clinical, neurophysiological or pathological difference between rats receiving gbs serum compared with those receiving control serum, except that gbs serum caused minor excess weight loss. ... | 2001 | 11585634 |
| [guillain-barré syndrome associated campylobacter jejuni serotype penner 2: a case report]. | we described a 15-year-old male who had guillain-barré syndrome(gbs). nine days after watery diarrhea, the patient developed pain and weakness of foot muscles. on admission, the nerve conduction studies revealed peripheral neuropathy with axonal degeneration and demyelination. campylobacter jejuni(c. jejuni) with serotype of lior 4, penner 2 was isolated from his stool culture. igm anti-gm 1 antibody and other various anti-ganglioside antibodies were detected in his serum. after receiving plasma ... | 2001 | 11577419 |
| differentiation of campylobacter species by aflp fingerprinting. | the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting method was tested for its ability to identify and subtype the most important campylobacter species found in veterinary infections. sixty-nine reference strains and 19 clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni, campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei, campylobacter upsaliensis, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari, campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, c. fetus subsp. venerealis, campylobacter hyointestinalis subs ... | 2001 | 11577152 |
| molecular identification of campylobacter concisus. | a 1.6-kb dna fragment isolated from a campylobacter concisus genomic library gave c. concisus-specific restriction fragment length patterns when it was used as a probe in hybridization studies. all of the strains tested, including type strains and clinical isolates, contained a 0.5-kb hindiii fragment that hybridized to the probe. dna sequencing of the 1.6-kb fragment identified three open reading frames (orfs). one of the orfs encodes the carboxy terminus of gyrb, and the translational products ... | 2001 | 11574591 |
| detection of ciprofloxacin-resistant yersinia pestis by fluorogenic pcr using the lightcycler. | we have developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret)-based assay to detect ciprofloxacin resistant (cp(r)) mutants of the biothreat agent yersinia pestis. we selected spontaneous mutants of the attenuated y. pestis kim 5 strain that were resistant to a ciprofloxacin (cip) concentration of at least 1 microg/ml. dna sequencing of gyra encoded by 65 of these mutants revealed that all isolates contained one of four different point mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining re ... | 2001 | 11574586 |
| evaluation of two commercial enzyme immunoassays, testing immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga responses, for diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection in children. | serological testing to diagnose helicobacter pylori infection in children is still controversial, although commonly used in clinical practice. we compared the immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga results of two commercially available enzyme immunoassays (eias) (pyloriset igg and iga and enzygnost ii igg and iga) for 175 children with abdominal symptoms divided into three age groups (0 to < or =6 years, n = 47; >6 to < or =12 years, n = 77; >12 years, n = 51). a child was considered h. pylori infected ... | 2001 | 11574578 |
| sensitive and specific method for rapid identification of streptococcus pneumoniae using real-time fluorescence pcr. | molecular surveillance of pathogens has shown the need for rapid and dependable methods for the identification of organisms of clinical and epidemiological importance. as the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, streptococcus pneumoniae was used as a model organism to develop and refine a real-time fluorescence pcr assay and enhanced dna purification method. seventy clinical isolates of s. pneumoniae, verified by latex agglutination, were screened against 26 negative control clinical i ... | 2001 | 11574554 |
| taxonomy and identification of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | 2001 | 11574551 | |
| two c or not two c: recurrent disruption of zn-ribbons, gene duplication, lineage-specific gene loss, and horizontal gene transfer in evolution of bacterial ribosomal proteins. | ribosomal proteins are encoded in all genomes of cellular life forms and are, generally, well conserved during evolution. in prokaryotes, the genes for most ribosomal proteins are clustered in several highly conserved operons, which ensures efficient co-regulation of their expression. duplications of ribosomal-protein genes are infrequent, and given their coordinated expression and functioning, it is generally assumed that ribosomal-protein genes are unlikely to undergo horizontal transfer. howe ... | 2001 | 11574053 |
| [erythromycin and ciprofloxacin resistant campylobacter jejuni]. | diarrhoea caused by campylobacter is normally a self-limiting disease, but treatment with antibiotics may be indicated in very severe or complicated cases or in immunocompromised patients. this makes knowledge of the susceptibility of the campylobacter to antibiotics important. | 2001 | 11571989 |
| availability of glutamate and arginine during acid challenge determines cell density-dependent survival phenotype of escherichia coli strains. | the cell density-dependent acid sensitivity phenotypes of escherichia coli strains k-12 and o157:h7 were examined with reference to three possible mechanisms of acid resistance. there was no evidence of any diffusible substance released from dead cells which could influence the cell density-dependent acid survival phenotype. instead, cell density-dependent acid survival phenotype was associated with induction of glutamate- and arginine-decarboxylase acid survival pathways and concomitant availab ... | 2001 | 11571202 |
| taqman pcr for detection of vibrio cholerae o1, o139, non-o1, and non-o139 in pure cultures, raw oysters, and synthetic seawater. | vibrio cholerae is recognized as a leading human waterborne pathogen. traditional diagnostic testing for vibrio is not always reliable, because this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state. therefore, nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional enrichment testing. in this article, a taqman pcr assay is presented for quantitative detection of v. cholerae in pure cultures, oysters, and synthetic seawater. primers and probe were designed from the noncla ... | 2001 | 11571173 |
| role of campylobacter jejuni potential virulence genes in cecal colonization. | campylobacter jejuni, a common commensal in chickens, is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. the aims of this investigation were twofold. first, we sought to determine whether mutations in the c. jejuni ciab and plda virulence-associated genes impaired the organism's ability to colonize chickens. second, we sought to determine if inoculation of chicks with c. jejuni mutants could confer protection from subsequent challenge with the c. jejuni wild-type stra ... | 2001 | 11569726 |
| specific identification, grouping and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni among thermophilic campylobacters using multiplex pcr. | campylobacter species such as c. jejuni and c. coli are recognized as major causes of acute gastroenteritis world-wide. although c. jejuni and c. coli are usually non-pathogenic in birds and animals, they cause enteric disease in humans and the source of infection is often the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs. in this paper we report on the development and use of a multiplex pcr of c. jejuni genomic dna which yielded a pcr product with a unique polymorphic site that can be used to quickly ... | 2001 | 11561961 |
| a matter of bacterial life and death. | over 50 years ago, standard microbiological methods were established for determining whether bacterial cells were dead or alive. recently there has been a flurry of reports suggesting that bacteria may exist in an eclipsed state, escaping detection by standard methods. whether there really is such a state is of more than academic interest, considering the implications for public health. the ensuing debate has been unusually energetic for the normally cultured community of microbiologists. | 2001 | 11559589 |
| evidence for transfer of cmy-2 ampc beta-lactamase plasmids between escherichia coli and salmonella isolates from food animals and humans. | escherichia coli is an important pathogen that shows increasing antimicrobial resistance in isolates from both animals and humans. our laboratory recently described salmonella isolates from food animals and humans that expressed an identical plasmid-mediated, ampc-like beta-lactamase, cmy-2. in the present study, 59 of 377 e. coli isolates from cattle and swine (15.6%) and 6 of 1,017 (0.6%) isolates of human e. coli from the same geographic region were resistant to both cephamycins and extended- ... | 2001 | 11557460 |
| motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration of oral epithelial cell layers by treponema denticola. | the ability to penetrate tissue is an important virulence factor for pathogenic spirochetes. previous studies have recognized the role of motility in allowing pathogenic spirochetes to invade tissues and migrate to sites favorable for bacterial proliferation. however, the nature of the movements, whether they are random or controlled by chemotaxis systems, has yet to be established. in this study, we addressed the role of motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration by the periodontal disease-a ... | 2001 | 11553571 |
| identification of a new iron-regulated virulence gene, irea, in an extraintestinal pathogenic isolate of escherichia coli. | our laboratory is studying an extraintestinal pathogenic isolate of escherichia coli (cp9) as a model pathogen. we have been using human urine, ascites, and blood ex vivo to identify genes with increased expression in these media relative to expression in luria-bertani (lb) broth. such genes may represent new or unrecognized virulence traits. in this study, we report the identification of a new gene, irea (iron-responsive element). this gene has an open reading frame of 2,049 nucleotides, and it ... | 2001 | 11553562 |
| essential role for estrogen in protection against vibrio vulnificus-induced endotoxic shock. | little is known about the underlying mechanisms that result in a sexually dimorphic response to vibrio vulnificus endotoxic shock. v. vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium, considered one of the most invasive and rapidly fatal human pathogens known. however, 85% of individuals that develop endotoxic shock from v. vulnificus are males. using the rat, we have developed a model for v. vulnificus endotoxic shock that mimics the sexually dimorphic response in humans. gonadectomy in females results ... | 2001 | 11553550 |
| molecular cloning of a bacteroides caccae tonb-linked outer membrane protein identified by an inflammatory bowel disease marker antibody. | commensal enteric bacteria are a required pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), but the identity of the pertinent bacterial species is unresolved. using an ibd-associated panca monoclonal antibody, a 100-kda protein was recently characterized from an ibd clinical isolate of bacteroides caccae (p2lc3). in this study, consensus oligonucleotides were designed from 100-kda peptides and used to identify a single-copy gene from the p2lc3 genome. sequence analysis of the genomic clone ... | 2001 | 11553542 |
| ferric dicitrate transport system (fec) of shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000 is encoded on a novel pathogenicity island carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes. | iron uptake systems which are critical for bacterial survival and which may play important roles in bacterial virulence are often carried on mobile elements, such as plasmids and pathogenicity islands (pais). in the present study, we identified and characterized a ferric dicitrate uptake system (fec) in shigella flexneri serotype 2a that is encoded by a novel pai termed the shigella resistance locus (srl) pai. the fec genes are transcribed in s. flexneri, and complementation of a fec deletion in ... | 2001 | 11553538 |
| re: "incidence of guillain-barré syndrome following infection with campylobacter jejuni". | 2001 | 11549565 | |
| molecular strain typing of campylobacter jejuni by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in a single day. | rapid molecular strain typing is critical for effective outbreak investigation and implementation of infection control measures. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is a highly discriminatory technique for campylobacter jejuni, but generally requires 3-5 days. we describe a simplified protocol for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that provides high quality typing of c. jejuni isolates in a single day. | 2001 | 11547887 |
| intervening sequences in rrl genes and fragmentation of 23s rrna in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | intervening sequences (ivss) in the rrl genes for 23s rrna are transcribed but later removed by rnase iii without religation during rna processing, leading to fragmented rrna. we examined about 240 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae for presence of ivss using pcr. no ivss were detected in strains belonging to escherichia, shigella, enterobacter, erwinia, ewingella, hafnia, kluyvera, morganella, pantoea, or serratia. previously unreported ivss were detected in klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacte ... | 2001 | 11544246 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the atrazine catabolic plasmid padp-1 from pseudomonas sp. strain adp. | the complete 108,845-nucleotide sequence of catabolic plasmid padp-1 from pseudomonas sp. strain adp was determined. plasmid padp-1 was previously shown to encode atza, atzb, and atzc, which catalyze the sequential hydrolytic removal of s-triazine ring substituents from the herbicide atrazine to yield cyanuric acid. computational analyses indicated that padp-1 encodes 104 putative open reading frames (orfs), which are predicted to function in catabolism, transposition, and plasmid maintenance, t ... | 2001 | 11544232 |
| novel macrolide-specific abc-type efflux transporter in escherichia coli. | in the escherichia coli genome, five putative open reading frame (orf) clusters, mdlab, ybjyz, ydda, yojhi, and yhih, have been assumed to be possible genes for abc drug efflux transporters (i. t. paulsen, m. k. sliwinski, and m. h. saier, jr., j. mol. biol. 277:573-592, 1998). we cloned all of these orfs in multicopy plasmids and investigated the drug resistance of drug-supersensitive host cells lacking constitutive multidrug efflux transporter genes acrab. among them, only ybjyz gave significa ... | 2001 | 11544226 |
| global analysis of the general stress response of bacillus subtilis. | gene arrays containing all currently known open reading frames of bacillus subtilis were used to examine the general stress response of bacillus. by proteomics, transcriptional analysis, transposon mutagenesis, and consensus promoter-based screening, 75 genes had previously been described as sigma(b)-dependent general stress genes. the present gene array-based analysis confirmed 62 of these already known general stress genes and detected 63 additional genes subject to control by the stress sigma ... | 2001 | 11544224 |
| phylogenetic diversity and position of the genus campylobacter. | rna sequence analysis has been used to examine the phylogenetic position and structure of the genus campylobacter. a complete 5s rrna sequence was determined for two strains of campylobacter jejuni and extensive partial sequences of the 16s rrna were obtained for several strains of c. jejuni and wolinella succinogenes. in addition limited partial sequence data were obtained from the 16s rrnas of isolates of c. coli, c. laridis, c. fetus, c. fecalis, and c. pyloridis. it was found that w. succ ... | 1987 | 11542086 |
| cloning, sequence analysis, and characterization of the asta gene encoding an arylsulfate sulfotransferase from citrobacter freundii. | arylsulfate sulfotransferase (asst) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. in the present study, the gene encoding asst was cloned from a genomic library copy of citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pgem3zf(-) and sequenced. sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homology, they were designated as asta and dsba, respectively. the amino acid sequence of ... | 2001 | 11534764 |
| polar flagellar motility of the vibrionaceae. | polar flagella of vibrio species can rotate at speeds as high as 100,000 rpm and effectively propel the bacteria in liquid as fast as 60 microm/s. the sodium motive force powers rotation of the filament, which acts as a propeller. the filament is complex, composed of multiple subunits, and sheathed by an extension of the cell outer membrane. the regulatory circuitry controlling expression of the polar flagellar genes of members of the vibrionaceae is different from the peritrichous system of ent ... | 2001 | 11528005 |
| sodium ion cycle in bacterial pathogens: evidence from cross-genome comparisons. | analysis of the bacterial genome sequences shows that many human and animal pathogens encode primary membrane na+ pumps, na+-transporting dicarboxylate decarboxylases or na+ translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, and a number of na+ -dependent permeases. this indicates that these bacteria can utilize na+ as a coupling ion instead of or in addition to the h+ cycle. this capability to use a na+ cycle might be an important virulence factor for such pathogens as vibrio cholerae, neisseria men ... | 2001 | 11528000 |
| phenotyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by a quantitative antibiogram [mic] typing scheme using euclidean distances [qated]. | background: enteropathogenic campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are presently the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. an understanding of sources and means of transmission of campylobacter is an essential factor in order to reduce the incidence of campylobacter-related gastroenteritis in man. consequently a reproducible, sensitive and well-standardised typing scheme is critical in the successful discrimination of strains and in the subsequent investigations ... | 2001 | 11527505 |
| sequence typing confirms that campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré and miller-fisher syndromes are of diverse genetic lineage, serotype, and flagella type. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller-fisher syndrome (mfs) are correlated with prior infection by campylobacter jejuni in up to 40% of cases. nucleotide sequence-based typing of 25 c. jejuni isolates associated with neuropathy permitted robust comparisons with equivalent data from approximately 800 c. jejuni isolates not associated with neuropathy. a total of 13 genetic lineages and 20 flaa short variable region nucleotide sequences were present among the 25 isolates. a minority of isolates ... | 2001 | 11526174 |
| determination of enterococcus faecalis groesl full-length sequence and application for species identification. | amplification of the partial cpn60 (or groel) gene segment has been used for identification of many bacteria, including enterococcus species. to obtain more sequence data from groesl genes of enterococcus faecalis, the full-length sequence of the e. faecalis groesl genes containing groes (285 bp), spacer (57 bp), and groel (1,626 bp) was determined. a database search of genbank revealed that the deduced e. faecalis groes and groel proteins show significant homology to the groes and groel protein ... | 2001 | 11526171 |
| fate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in swiss hard and semihard cheese manufactured from raw milk. | raw milk was artificially contaminated with declumped cells of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at a concentration of 10(4) to 10(5) cfu/ml and was used to manufacture model hard (swiss emmentaler) and semihard (swiss tisliter) cheese. two different strains of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were tested, and for each strain, two model hard and semihard cheeses were produced. the survival of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells was monitored over a ripening period of 120 days by pla ... | 2001 | 11526024 |
| survival of clinical and poultry-derived isolates of campylobacter jejuni at a low temperature (4 degrees c). | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and contamination of poultry has been implicated in illness. the bacteria are fastidious in terms of their temperature requirements, being unable to grow below ca. 31 degrees c, but have been found to be physiologically active at lower temperatures and to tolerate exposure to low temperatures in a strain-dependent manner. in this study, 19 field isolates of c. jejuni (10 of clinical and 9 of poultry origin) were stud ... | 2001 | 11526022 |
| prevalence, antigenic specificity, and bactericidal activity of poultry anti-campylobacter maternal antibodies. | poultry are considered the major reservoir for campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human food-borne diarrhea. to understand the ecology of c. jejuni and develop strategies to control c. jejuni infection in the animal reservoir, we initiated studies to examine the potential role of anti-campylobacter maternal antibodies in protecting young broiler chickens from infection by c. jejuni. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the prevalence of anti-c. jejuni antibodies in ... | 2001 | 11525990 |
| putative virulence factor expression by clinical and food isolates of bacillus spp. after growth in reconstituted infant milk formulae. | forty-seven strains representing 14 different bacillus species isolated from clinical and food samples were grown in reconstituted infant milk formulae (imf) and subsequently assessed for adherence to, invasion of, and cytotoxicity toward hep-2 and caco-2 cells. cell-free supernatant fluids from 38 strains (81%) were shown to be cytotoxic, 43 strains (91%) adhered to the test cell lines, and 23 strains (49%) demonstrated various levels of invasion. of the 21 bacillus cereus strains examined, 5 ( ... | 2001 | 11525980 |
| the viable but nonculturable state of ralstonia solanacearum may be involved in long-term survival and plant infection. | the role of the dormant-like viable but nonculturable (vbnc) condition in the etiology of bacterial infection was examined using a plant system. the plant-pathogenic bacterium ralstonia solanacearum was first shown to enter into the vbnc state both in response to cupric sulfate when in a saline solution and when placed in autoclaved soil. to determine if the vbnc condition is related to pathogenesis, the physiological status of bacteria recovered from different regions of inoculated tomato plant ... | 2001 | 11525979 |
| miller fisher syndrome and haemophilus influenzae infection. | to examine the association between miller fisher syndrome (mfs) and antecedent haemophilus influenzae infection. | 2001 | 11524480 |
| diagnosis of enteric pathogens in children with gastroenteritis. | the aim of this study was to determine the isolation trends of common and emerging pathogens in children over a 12-month period. the study group included 412 children under 6 years with diarrhoea who were either hospitalised, or seen in the outpatients department of the sydney children's hospital. pathogens were detected in 137 (33%) samples, with rotavirus most common (40%), followed by adenovirus (26%), astrovirus (12%), campylobacter jejuni (12%), salmonella spp. (10%) and giardia lamblia (< ... | 2001 | 11523939 |
| lipopolysaccharides in the development of the guillain-barré syndrome and miller fisher syndrome forms of acute inflammatory peripheral neuropathies. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy, is preceded in most cases by an infectious illness, and campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, is the most common antecedent to gbs and its ocular variant, miller fisher syndrome (mfs). o (penner) serotyping is considered to distinguish between c. jejuni strains based on differences in lipopolysaccharide (lps) structure. serotypes of c. jejuni uncommon in enteritis, such as serotype o:19 and o:41, have ... | 2000 | 11521055 |
| immunomagnetic separation methods for the isolation of campylobacter jejuni from ground poultry meats. | campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as a leading foodborne pathogen, for which poultry products constitute the main transmission route. two alternative immunomagnetic beads (imb) were tested for direct detection of c. jejuni atcc 35918 in artificially inoculated ground poultry meats and culture suspension. polyclonal anti-campylobacter antibodies were used to coat tosylactivated dynabeads. the same antibodies conjugated with biotin were used to label streptavidin-coated beads. after these bea ... | 2001 | 11516751 |
| campylobacter jejuni--microtubule-dependent invasion. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness worldwide and a major cause of guillain-barré paralysis. recent molecular and cellular studies of one well-characterized c. jejuni strain have begun to unravel the details of an unusual microtubule-dependent (actin-filament-independent) gut-invasion mechanism, through which at least some c. jejuni initiate disease. although responsible for causing a human dysenteric syndrome remarkably similar to that triggered by shigella ... | 2001 | 11514222 |
| campylobacter jejuni enteritis. | we report the development of campylobacter jejuni enteritis in a patient with preexisting humoral and cellular immune recognition of c. jejuni antigens. this is one of few studies in which the immunologic status of a person with regard to c. jejuni before and after c. jejuni infection is directly compared, and it is the only study of which we are aware that includes measurements of cellular immunity. the findings may be important to campylobacter vaccine development efforts. | 2001 | 11512097 |
| an eulerian path approach to dna fragment assembly. | for the last 20 years, fragment assembly in dna sequencing followed the "overlap-layout-consensus" paradigm that is used in all currently available assembly tools. although this approach proved useful in assembling clones, it faces difficulties in genomic shotgun assembly. we abandon the classical "overlap-layout-consensus" approach in favor of a new euler algorithm that, for the first time, resolves the 20-year-old "repeat problem" in fragment assembly. our main result is the reduction of the f ... | 2001 | 11504945 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tak-083, an agent for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. | the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was tested against 54 clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and was compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. the growth-inhibitory activity of tak-083 was more potent than that of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole (the mics at which 90% of the strains are inhibited were 0.031, 0.125, 64, and 8 microg/ml, respectively). the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was highly selective against h. pylori; there was a >30-fo ... | 2001 | 11502514 |
| recombinant actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin proteins are required to interact to inhibit human cell cycle progression and to stimulate human leukocyte cytokine synthesis. | it has recently been discovered that actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, an oral bacterium causing periodontitis, produces cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), a cell cycle-modulating toxin that has three protein subunits: cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. in this study, we have cloned and expressed each toxin gene from a. actinomycetemcomitans in escherichia coli and purified the recombinant cdt proteins to homogeneity. individual cdt proteins failed to induce cell cycle arrest of the human epithelial cell ... | 2001 | 11500475 |
| demonstration of polysaccharide capsule in campylobacter jejuni using electron microscopy. | recently, we reported that campylobacter jejuni, an important gastrointestinal pathogen, has the genetic determinants to produce a capsular polysaccharide (karlyshev et al., mol. microbiol. 35:529-541, 2000). despite these data, the presence of a capsule in these bacteria has remained controversial. in this study we stain c. jejuni cells with the cationic dye alcian blue and demonstrate for the first time by electron microscopy that c. jejuni cells produce a polysaccharide capsule that is retain ... | 2001 | 11500474 |
| cloning, expression, and catalytic activity of helicobacter hepaticus urease. | helicobacter hepaticus causes disease in the liver and lower intestinal tract of mice. it is strongly urease positive, although it does not live in an acidic environment. the h. hepaticus urease gene cluster was expressed in escherichia coli with and without coexpression of the helicobacter pylori nickel transporter nixa. as for h. pylori, it was difficult to obtain enzymatic activity from recombinant h. hepaticus urease; special conditions including nicl2 supplementation were required. the h. h ... | 2001 | 11500473 |
| cytolethal distending toxin demonstrates genotoxic activity in a yeast model. | cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) are multisubunit proteins produced by a variety of bacterial pathogens that cause enlargement, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in mammalian cells. while their function remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that they can act as intracellular dnases in mammalian cells. here we establish a novel yeast model for understanding cdt-associated disease. expression of the cdtb subunit in yeast causes a g2/m arrest, as seen in mammalian cells. cdtb toxicity is not ... | 2001 | 11500452 |
| characterization of haemophilus ducreyi cdta, cdtb, and cdtc mutants in in vitro and in vivo systems. | haemophilus ducreyi expresses a soluble cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) that is encoded by the cdtabc gene cluster and can be detected in culture supernatant fluid by its ability to kill hela cells. the cdta, cdtb, and cdtc genes of h. ducreyi were cloned independently into plasmid vectors, and their encoded proteins expressed singly or in various combinations in an escherichia coli background. all three gene products had to be expressed in order for e. coli-derived culture supernatant fluids ... | 2001 | 11500438 |
| characterizations of highly expressed genes of four fast-growing bacteria. | predicted highly expressed (phx) genes are characterized for the completely sequenced genomes of the four fast-growing bacteria escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, vibrio cholerae, and bacillus subtilis. our approach to ascertaining gene expression levels relates to codon usage differences among certain gene classes: the collection of all genes (average gene), the ensemble of ribosomal protein genes, major translation/transcription processing factors, and genes for polypeptides of chaperon ... | 2001 | 11489855 |
| identification of the helicobacter pylori anti-sigma28 factor. | flagellar motility is essential for colonization of the human gastric mucosa by helicobacter pylori. the flagellar filament is composed of two subunits, flaa and flab. transcription of the genes encoding these proteins is controlled by the sigma28 and sigma54 factors of rna polymerase respectively. the expression of flagellar genes is regulated, but no sigma28-specific effector was identified. it was also unclear whether h. pylori possessed a checkpoint for flagellar synthesis, and no gene encod ... | 2001 | 11489132 |