Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| bile-induced dna damage in salmonella enterica. | in the absence of dna adenine methylase, growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is inhibited by bile. mutations in any of the muth, mutl, and muts genes suppress bile sensitivity in a dam(-) background, indicating that an active muthls system renders dam(-) mutants bile sensitive. however, inactivation of the muthls system does not cause bile sensitivity. an analogy with escherichia coli, in which the muthls system sensitizes dam(-) mutants to dna-injuring agents, suggested that bile ... | 2004 | 15611156 |
| dissemination of lipid a deacylases (pagl) among gram-negative bacteria: identification of active-site histidine and serine residues. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is one of the main constituents of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. it usually consists of a highly variable o-antigen, a less variable core oligosaccharide, and a highly conserved lipid moiety, designated lipid a. several bacteria are capable of modifying their lipid a architecture in response to external stimuli. the outer membrane-localized lipid a 3-o-deacylase, encoded by the pagl gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, removes the fatty acyl cha ... | 2004 | 15611102 |
| natural isolates of salmonella enterica serovar dublin carry a single nada missense mutation. | nicotinic acid is required by most isolates of salmonella enterica (serovar dublin), a pathogen of cattle. a single nada missense mutation causes the nutritional requirement of all serovar dublin isolates tested. models for persistence of this allele are tested and discussed. | 2005 | 15601727 |
| regulation of uptake and processing of the quorum-sensing autoinducer ai-2 in escherichia coli. | ai-2 is a quorum-sensing signaling molecule proposed to be involved in interspecies communication. in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, extracellular ai-2 accumulates in exponential phase, but the amount decreases drastically upon entry into stationary phase. in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, the reduction in activity is due to import and processing of ai-2 by the lsr transporter. we show that the lsr transporter is functional in e. coli, and screening for mutants d ... | 2005 | 15601708 |
| slc11a1-mediated resistance to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and leishmania donovani infections does not require functional inducible nitric oxide synthase or phagocyte oxidase activity. | solute carrier family 11a member 1 (slc11a1; formerly natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1) encodes a late endosomal/lysosomal protein/divalent cation transporter, which regulates iron homeostasis in macrophages. during macrophage activation, slc11a1 exerts pleiotropic effects on gene regulation and function, including generation of nitric oxide (no) via inducible no synthase (inos; encoded by nos2a) and of reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) via the phagocyte oxidase complex. as n ... | 2004 | 15601666 |
| in vitro characterization of irob, a pathogen-associated c-glycosyltransferase. | pathogenic strains of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica modify the tricatecholic siderophore enterobactin (ent) by glucosylation of three aryl carbon atoms, a process controlled by the iroa locus [hantke, k., nicholson, g., rabsch, w. & winkelmann, g. (2003) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 100, 3677-3682]. here, we report the purification of the irob protein and its characterization as the ent c-glucosyltransferase. irob transfers glucosyl groups from uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose to c5 of one, ... | 2004 | 15598734 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae serotype 44:z4, z23:--as a rare cause of meningitis. | reptiles can carry and shed the bacterium salmonella without showing any signs of illness. transmission occurs by ingesting salmonella after handling a reptile or objects contaminated by a reptile. young children are especially vulnerable to salmonella infection and can experience serious complications. we describe a case of reptile-associated salmonella meningitis in a 2.5-month-old infant. | 2004 | 15597733 |
| quantification of salmonella by 5'-nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction targeted to fimc gene. | a new 5'-nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system for the quantification of salmonella enterica was developed, with primers and the probe oriented to a salmonella-specific region of the fimc gene. the pcr system was specific and sensitive, its inclusivity was 100% (determined by the analysis of 53 strains of salmonella belonging to 38 serovars) and its exclusivity was 100% (determined by the analysis of 49 non-salmonella strains). for quantification purposes, calibration lines w ... | 2004 | 15592843 |
| salmonella serotype typhimurium outbreak associated with commercially processed egg salad--oregon, 2003. | on september 24, 2003, oregon epidemiologists noted an increase in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates tested during september at the oregon state public health laboratories. of 16 isolates, six had matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. the laboratory findings prompted an investigation by oregon health services and cdc that identified 18 cases of infection with s. typhimurium linked to kits for making egg salad that were distributed by a vendor to a supermarket ... | 2004 | 15592173 |
| dramatic shift in the epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis phage types in western europe, 1998-2003--results from the enter-net international salmonella database. | salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis is the predominant salmonella serovar identified by the enter-net national reference laboratories in western europe. as it is the most commonly recognised serotype, it is important that phage typing is carried out so that outbreaks can be recognised and confirmed, and trends in infections identified. data from the enter-net salmonella database show that there has been a dramatic shift between phage types identified in europe from 1998-2003. in 1998, the p ... | 2004 | 15591691 |
| bacteriophage p22 tail accessory factor gp26 is a long triple-stranded coiled-coil. | p22 is a well characterized tailed bacteriophage that infects salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. it is characterized by a "short" tail, which is formed by five proteins: the dodecameric portal protein (gp1), three tail accessory factors (gp4, gp10, gp26), and six trimeric copies of the tail-spike protein (gp9). we have isolated the gene encoding tail accessory factor gp26, which is responsible for stabilization of viral dna within the mature phage, and using a variety of biochemical and bi ... | 2004 | 15591072 |
| measurement of bacterial adhesion-in vitro evaluation of different methods. | the adhesion of bacteria to host tissue is the first step in pathogenesis. similarly, bacterial adhesion to inanimate surfaces is the first step in formation of biofilms-a real problem in industrial processes and medical devices. various agents capable of blocking the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces have been identified, such as probiotics, which are supposed to prevent the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal mucosa. although measurement of bacterial adhesion is important itself, ... | 2005 | 15590097 |
| chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil of haplophyllum tuberculatum from oman. | the chemical composition of the essential oil of haplophyllum tuberculatum (forsskal) a. juss (rutaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectral (gc-ms) and 13c nmr spectroscopy. thirty compounds, constituting about 99.7% of the total oil, were identified. the most abundant oil components are beta-phellandrene (23.3%), limonene (12.6%), (z)-beta-ocimene (12.3%), beta-caryophyllene (11.6%), myrcene (11.3%), and alpha-phellandrene (10.9%). ten microlitres (25 mg) of pure oil partially inh ... | 2005 | 15588657 |
| pathogenic effects of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium on sprouting and growth of maize. | the study was undertaken to understand effects and survival of s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), a zoonotic serovar, on maize seed germination and plant growth. all the four strains of s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium significantly reduced germination of maize seeds in sprouting plates as well as in soil. about > or =2.7x10(3) salmonella cfu ml(-1) of soaking water, while > or =2.7x10(7) salmonella cfu g(-1) soil were required to significant ... | 2004 | 15587117 |
| emergence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ctx-m-9)-producing multiresistant strains of salmonella enterica serotype virchow in poultry and humans in france. | during 2002 to 2003, eight salmonella enterica serotype virchow poultry and poultry product isolates from various sources (chicken farms, poultry slaughterhouse, or retail store) and one s. enterica rough strain isolated from human feces were found to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ctx-m-9. poultry and poultry product isolates were recovered from different locations in the southwest of france. the human rough isolate had sequences of flagellin genes (flic and fljb) typical of serotype ... | 2004 | 15583311 |
| variable number of tandem repeats in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica for typing purposes. | the genomic sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains ct18, ty2 (serovar typhi), and lt2 (serovar typhimurium) were analyzed for potential variable number tandem repeats (vntrs). a multiple-locus vntr analysis (mlva) of 99 strains of s. enterica supsp. enterica based on 10 vntrs distinguished 52 genotypes and placed them into four groups. all strains tested were independent human isolates from france and did not reflect isolates from outbreak episodes. of these 10 vntrs, 7 showed ... | 2004 | 15583305 |
| wzx proteins involved in biosynthesis of o antigen function in association with the first sugar of the o-specific lipopolysaccharide subunit. | one of the most common pathways for the export of o-specific lipopolysaccharide (lps) across the plasma membrane requires the participation of the wzx protein. wzx belongs to a family of integral membrane proteins that share little conservation in their primary amino acid sequence, making it difficult to delineate functional domains. this paper reports the cloning and expression in escherichia coli k-12 of various wzx homologues from different bacteria as flag epitope-tagged protein fusions. a r ... | 2004 | 15583162 |
| the pmrf polymyxin-resistance operon of yersinia pseudotuberculosis is upregulated by the phop-phoq two-component system but not by pmra-pmrb, and is not required for virulence. | the yersinia pseudotuberculosis chromosome contains a seven-gene polycistronic unit (the pmrf operon) whose products share extensive homologies with their pmrf counterparts in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), another gram-negative bacterial enteropathogen. this gene cluster is essential for addition of 4-aminoarabinose to the lipid moiety of lps, as demonstrated by maldi-tof mass spectrometry of lipid a from both wild-type and pmrf-mutated strains. as in s. typhimurium, ... | 2004 | 15583148 |
| hot spot for a large deletion in the 18- to 19-centisome region confers a multiple phenotype in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain atcc 14028. | loss of the salmonella msbb enzyme, which catalyzes the incorporation of myristate destined for lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane, results in a strong phenotype of sensitivity to salt and chelators such as egta and greatly diminished endotoxic activity. msbb- salmonellae mutate extragenically to egta-tolerant derivatives at a frequency of 10(-4) per division. one of these derivatives arose from inactivation of soma, which suppresses sensitivity to salt and egta. here we show that a second ... | 2004 | 15576802 |
| integron-mediated esbl resistance in rare serotypes of escherichia coli causing infections in an elderly population of israel. | to identify and characterize the aetiology of an outbreak of extra-intestinal multidrug-resistant escherichia coli infections in elderly patients in israel. | 2004 | 15574469 |
| antimicrobial activity of bac7 fragments against drug-resistant clinical isolates. | ten peptides from 13 to 35 residues in length and covering the whole sequence of the pro-rich peptide bac7 were synthesized to identify the domain responsible for its antimicrobial activity. at least 16 residues of the highly cationic n-terminal sequence were required to maintain the activity against gram-negative bacteria. the fragments bac7(1-35) and, to a lesser extent, bac7(1-16) proved active against a panel of antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, with the notab ... | 2004 | 15572192 |
| phenotypic differences between salmonella and escherichia coli resulting from the disparate regulation of homologous genes. | phenotypic differences among closely related bacteria have been largely ascribed to species-specific genes, such as those residing in pathogenicity islands. however, we now report that the differential regulation of homologous genes is the mechanism responsible for the divergence of the enteric bacteria salmonella enterica and escherichia coli in their ability to make lps modifications mediating resistance to the antibiotic polymyxin b. in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, the pmra/pmrb two-compo ... | 2004 | 15569938 |
| signal-dependent binding of the response regulators phop and pmra to their target promoters in vivo. | low mg2+ promotes phosphorylation of the response regulators phop and pmra and transcription of their activated genes in salmonella enterica. using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we have now determined that the phop and pmra proteins are recruited to the regulatory region of their target genes when bacteria experience low mg2+ but not when they are grown in high mg2+. even when the phop protein was artificially produced at 4-fold higher levels than the wild-type strain, promoter occupancy requir ... | 2005 | 15569664 |
| prolactin modulates il-8 production induced by porins or lps through different signaling mechanisms. | prolactin (prl) induces cell proliferation and cell differentiation through the well-known mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) and janus kinase (jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) pathways, depending on the cell line. mapks play a central role in signaling transduction mechanisms that transmit mitogenic or differentiation signals from an activated receptor to the intracellular machinery. all of the cytokine receptors that activate the jak/stat pathway also activat ... | 2004 | 15568616 |
| bacteriophage-encoded type iii effectors in salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium. | salmonella spp. are gram-negative bacteria which cause infections ranging from mild, self-limiting enterocolitis to systemic (typhoid) disease. recent work has established that the genetic makeup varies considerably between different salmonella strains. phages play an important role in this diversity. in fact, salmonella has emerged as a prime example for the involvement of virulence factor encoding phages in the emergence of new epidemic strains. among other virulence factors, salmonella enteri ... | 2005 | 15567133 |
| salmonella enterica isolates from faeces of domestic reptiles and a study of their antimicrobial in vitro sensitivity. | from october 2001 to february 2002, the faecal samples of 305 reptiles (165 saurians, 99 ophidians and 41 chelonians) were bacteriologically examined to detect salmonella enterica. s. enterica was isolated from 73 (23.93%) faecal samples including 44 (60.27%) samples collected from saurians, 15 (20.55%) from chelonians and 14 (19.18%) from ophidians; considering the number of samples taken for each reptile group, s. enterica was isolated from the 36.58% of chelonians, 26.66% of saurians and 14.1 ... | 2005 | 15563917 |
| secreted bacterial effectors and host-produced eiger/tnf drive death in asalmonella-infected fruit fly. | death by infection is often as much due to the host's reaction as it is to the direct result of microbial action. here we identify genes in both the host and microbe that are involved in the pathogenesis of infection and disease in drosophila melanogaster challenged with salmonella enterica serovartyphimurium (s. typhimurium). we demonstrate that wild-types. typhimurium causes a lethal systemic infection when injected into the hemocoel of d. melanogaster. deletion of the gene encoding the secret ... | 2004 | 15562316 |
| pnuc and the utilization of the nicotinamide riboside analog 3-aminopyridine in haemophilus influenzae. | the utilization pathway for the uptake of nad and nicotinamide riboside was previously characterized for haemophilus influenzae. we now report on the cellular location, topology, and substrate specificity of pnuc. pnuc of h. influenzae is only distantly related to pnuc of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. when e. coli pnuc was expressed in an h. influenzae pnuc mutant, it was able to take up only nicotinamide riboside and not nicotinamide mononucleotide. therefore, we ... | 2004 | 15561822 |
| a foodborne outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar madelia at a silver anniversary reception. | reported here is an outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar madelia infection that occurred among 44 persons attending a silver anniversary reception in hesse, germany. isolates of salmonella madelia are extremely unusual, and no outbreaks associated with this serotype have been reported previously. forty-two attendees were interviewed and information was obtained from each of them regarding demographic and clinical characteristics and food consumed at the reception. twenty-four ... | 2004 | 15558342 |
| cellular microbiology of intracellular salmonella enterica: functions of the type iii secretion system encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica resides in a special membrane compartment of the host cell and modifies its host to achieve intracellular survival and proliferation. the type iii secretion system encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) has a central role in the interference of intracellular salmonella with host cell functions. spi2 function affects antimicrobial defense mechanisms of the host, intracellular transport processes, integrity and function of the ... | 2004 | 15558211 |
| effect of inactivation of the htra-like serine protease degq on the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in mice. | degq is a serine protease that is highly homologous to htra, an important virulence determinant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we examined if degq is involved in serovar typhimurium pathogenesis. a serovar typhimurium degq mutant was as virulent as the wild-type strain in mice. however, a serovar typhimurium htra degq mutant survived less well in murine organs, particularly in the liver, than a serovar typhimurium htra mutant. degq is not essential for serovar typhimurium pathogenes ... | 2004 | 15557668 |
| pigeon-associated strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt2 have genomic rearrangements at rrna operons. | strains from a subgroup of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium frequently associated with pigeon infections were tested for genomic anomalies and virulence in mice. some strains have a genomic inversion between rrn operons. two prophages found in the common laboratory strain lt2 were absent. pigeon-associated strains are still virulent in mice. | 2004 | 15557664 |
| synovial fibroblasts infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mediate osteoclast differentiation and activation. | the mechanisms whereby arthritogenic organisms may induce cartilage and bone erosions in infection-triggered arthritis remain unknown. in this study, we asked whether an arthritogenic organism could contribute to osteoclast differentiation and activation through regulation of the receptor activator of nf-kappab ligand (rankl) in synovial fibroblasts. rat synovial fibroblasts were infected in vitro with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and monitored over time. the expression of rankl in re ... | 2004 | 15557643 |
| adaptation of the endogenous salmonella enterica serovar typhi clya-encoded hemolysin for antigen export enhances the immunogenicity of anthrax protective antigen domain 4 expressed by the attenuated live-vector vaccine strain cvd 908-htra. | bacterial live-vector vaccines aim to deliver foreign antigens to the immune system and induce protective immune responses, and surface-expressed or secreted antigens are generally more immunogenic than cytoplasmic constructs. we hypothesize that an optimum expression system will use an endogenous export system to avoid the need for large amounts of heterologous dna encoding additional proteins. here we describe the cryptic chromosomally encoded 34-kda cytolysin a hemolysin of salmonella enteric ... | 2004 | 15557633 |
| oral vaccination of balb/c mice with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing pseudomonas aeruginosa o antigen promotes increased survival in an acute fatal pneumonia model. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia. we compared the efficacies of oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccinations of balb/c mice with attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl3261 expressing p. aeruginosa serogroup o11 o antigen to protect against p. aeruginosa infection in an acute fatal pneumonia model. oral and i.p. vaccines elicited o11-specific serum immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies, but iga was observed only after oral immunization. challenge of ora ... | 2004 | 15557624 |
| induction of cationic chicken liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 in response to salmonella enterica infection. | cationic antimicrobial peptides constitute part of the innate immune system and provide an essential role in the defense against infection. at present there is a paucity of information regarding the antimicrobial profile of the chicken (gallus gallus). using in silico studies, an expressed sequence tag (est) clone was identified which encodes a novel cationic antimicrobial peptide, chicken liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (cleap-2). the predicted amino acid sequence composed a prepropepti ... | 2004 | 15557621 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection induces cyclooxygenase 2 expression in macrophages: involvement of salmonella pathogenicity island 2. | salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) is required for intramacrophage survival and systemic infection in mice. we have recently reported that salmonella enterica causes activation of the protein kinase a (pka) signaling pathway in a manner dependent on spi-2, resulting in the upregulation of interleukin-10 expression in macrophages (k. uchiya et al., infect. immun. 72:1964-1973, 2004). we show in the present study the involvement of spi-2 in a signal transduction pathway that induces the exp ... | 2004 | 15557607 |
| salmonella carrier state in chicken: comparison of expression of immune response genes between susceptible and resistant animals. | asymptomatic salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis carrier state in poultry has serious consequences on food safety and public health due to the risks of food poisoning following consumption of contaminated products. an understanding the mechanisms of persistence of salmonella in the digestive tract of chicken can be achieved by a better knowledge of the defects in the control of infection in susceptible versus resistant animals. the gene expression of innate immune response factors including ... | 2004 | 15555534 |
| the related effector proteins sopd and sopd2 from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contribute to virulence during systemic infection of mice. | salmonella resides within host cells in a vacuole that it modifies through the action of virulence proteins called effectors. here we examined the role of two related effectors, sopd and sopd2, in salmonella pathogenesis. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) mutants lacking either sopd or sopd2 were attenuated for replication in the spleens of infected mice when competed against wild-type bacteria in mixed infection experiments. a double mutant lacking both effector genes did ... | 2004 | 15554961 |
| antibacterial effect of water-soluble tea extracts on foodborne pathogens in laboratory medium and in a food model. | the microbial inhibition of foodborne pathogens was determined in brain heart infusion broth with 10% (wt/vol) water-soluble extracts of green, jasmine, black, dungglre, and oolong tea against escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus. the mixed culture (approximately 6.0 log cfu/ml), which was composed of the four pathogens, was inoculated into brain heart infusion broth with and without tea extracts. after incubation at ... | 2004 | 15553649 |
| environmental surveillance for salmonella enterica in a veterinary teaching hospital. | to evaluate the extent of environmental contamination with salmonella enterica in a veterinary teaching hospital. | 2004 | 15552306 |
| transferable antibiotic resistance elements in haemophilus influenzae share a common evolutionary origin with a diverse family of syntenic genomic islands. | transferable antibiotic resistance in haemophilus influenzae was first detected in the early 1970s. after this, resistance spread rapidly worldwide and was shown to be transferred by a large 40- to 60-kb conjugative element. bioinformatics analysis of the complete sequence of a typical h. influenzae conjugative resistance element, icehin1056, revealed the shared evolutionary origin of this element. icehin1056 has homology to 20 contiguous sequences in the national center for biotechnology inform ... | 2004 | 15547285 |
| purification and initial characterization of the salmonella enterica pduo atp:cob(i)alamin adenosyltransferase. | the pduo enzyme of salmonella enterica is an atp:cob(i)alamin adenosyltransferase that catalyzes the final step in the conversion of vitamin b(12) to coenzyme b(12). the primary physiological role of this enzyme is to support coenzyme b(12)-dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation, and bioinformatic analysis has indicated that it has two domains. here the pduo adenosyltransferase was produced in escherichia coli, solubilized from inclusion bodies, purified to apparent homogeneity, and partially cha ... | 2004 | 15547259 |
| five cases of non-typhoidal salmonella endovascular infection. | the incidence of human non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) infection has increased in many countries. endovascular infection is one of the most serious forms of extraintestinal infection. five patients with nts endovascular infection treated at middlemore hospital, auckland, new zealand, are presented here. all persons with nts bacteraemia who are older than 50 years and have a risk of atherosclerosis should be evaluated for possible endovascular infection. | 2004 | 15546459 |
| direct detection of bacterial pathogens in representative dairy products using a combined bacterial concentration-pcr approach. | to develop a simple, rapid method to concentrate and purify bacteria and their nucleic acids from complex dairy food matrices in preparation for direct pathogen detection using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2004 | 15546401 |
| [interaction of neomycin with other antibiotics on selected bacterial strains]. | antimicrobial combinations are used most frequently to provide broad-spectrum empirical coverage in the treatment of bacterial infections. however, combination of two antibiotics may not influence their activity, may lead to synergy or antagonism in the activity. neomycin may be combined with one of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, procaine penicillin, gramicidin, bacitracin, polymyxin b, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin in some human and veterinary multiantibiotic drugs distr ... | 2004 | 15544091 |
| improved efficiency of a salmonella-based vaccine against human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles achieved by using a codon-optimized version of l1. | cervical cancer results from cervical infection by human papillomaviruses (hpvs), especially hpv16. an effective vaccine against these hpvs is expected to have a dramatic impact on the incidence of this cancer and its precursor lesions. the leading candidate, a subunit prophylactic hpv virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine, can protect women from hpv infection. an alternative improved vaccine that avoids parenteral injection, that is efficient with a single dose, and that induces mucosal immunity mi ... | 2004 | 15542642 |
| molecular and epidemiologic analysis of a county-wide outbreak caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis traced to a bakery. | an increase in the number of attendees due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noted at one hospital emergency room in taiwan over a seven-day period from july to august, 2001. molecular and epidemiological surveys were performed to trace the possible source of infection. | 2004 | 15541186 |
| expression profiles of effector proteins sopb, sopd1, sope1, and avra differ with systemic, enteric, and epidemic strains of salmonella enterica. | the presence and expression of sopb, sopd1, sope1, and avra genes encoding virulence associated effector proteins were studied comparatively in 405 salmonella enterica strains. they belong to different serovars and clonal types (genotypes, phage types) and originated from different clinical (systemic infection, focal enteritis, enterocolitis) and epidemic sources (epidemics, sporadic cases). the sopb and sopd1 determinants were commonly prevalent, but sope1 and avra genes only in 55% and 80%, re ... | 2004 | 15538712 |
| cell tropism of salmonella enterica. | salmonella serotypes are able to actively cross the intestinal epithelium, mainly but not exclusively through m cells in the follicle-associated epithelium of peyer's patches. once reaching the basal side of the epithelium, salmonella serotypes are internalized by macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils but are not found in fibroblasts or other mesenchymal cells. the outcome of the interaction between salmonella serotypes and dendritic cells or neutrophils is detrimental to the pathogen. i ... | 2004 | 15532980 |
| comparison of genome degradation in paratyphi a and typhi, human-restricted serovars of salmonella enterica that cause typhoid. | salmonella enterica serovars often have a broad host range, and some cause both gastrointestinal and systemic disease. but the serovars paratyphi a and typhi are restricted to humans and cause only systemic disease. it has been estimated that typhi arose in the last few thousand years. the sequence and microarray analysis of the paratyphi a genome indicates that it is similar to the typhi genome but suggests that it has a more recent evolutionary origin. both genomes have independently accumulat ... | 2004 | 15531882 |
| descriptive study of california egg layer premises and analysis of risk factors for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis as characterized by manure drag swabs. | this cross-sectional, double-blind study reports the prevalence of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) on california egg layer premises using single vs. pooled manure drag swabs and presents a description of egg production and management systems in the state and an initial analysis of risk factors for se. the study included 91% of all known eligible egg premises in california, representing the majority of eggs produced in the state. the overall prevalence of se on california egg layer ... | 2004 | 15529977 |
| 2-methylcitrate-dependent activation of the propionate catabolic operon (prpbcde) of salmonella enterica by the prpr protein. | the function of the prpr protein of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 was studied in vitro and in vivo. the prpr protein is a sensor of 2-methylcitrate (2-mc), an intermediate of the 2-methylcitric acid cycle used by this bacterium to convert propionate to pyruvate. prpr was unresponsive to citrate (a close structural analogue of 2-mc) and to propionate, suggesting that 2-mc, not propionate, is the metabolite that signals the presence of propionate in the environment to s. enterica. pr ... | 2004 | 15528672 |
| growth inhibition of foodborne pathogens and food spoilage organisms by select raw honeys. | twenty-seven honey samples from different floral sources and geographical locations were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of seven food spoilage organisms (alcaligenes faecalis, aspergillus niger, bacillus stearothermophilus, geotrichum candidum, lactobacillus acidophilus, penicillium expansum, pseudomonas fluorescens) and five foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus) ... | 2004 | 15527912 |
| identification of host-specific colonization factors of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the severity of infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium varies depending on the host species. numerous virulence genes have been identified in s. typhimurium, largely from studies in mice, but their roles in infections of other species remain unclear. in the most comprehensive survey of its kind, through the use of signature-tagged mutagenesis of s. typhimurium we have identified mutants that were unable to colonize calf intestines, mutants unable to colonize chick intestine ... | 2004 | 15522082 |
| sequence analysis and characterization of sulfonamide resistance plasmid prf-1 from salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis. | the nucleotide sequence of a small plasmid, designated prf-1, isolated from salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis, was determined. we identified seven open reading frames (orfs) encoded by 6066 nucleotides with a total g + c content of 53.6%. analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence revealed a replicon of prf-1 to have high similarity to the p15a origin of replication, with a possible cer-like region. orf1, which is composed of 816 nucleotides, shows a high degree of similarity to dihydro ... | 2004 | 15518878 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the resistance plasmid r478: defining the backbone components of incompatibility group h conjugative plasmids through comparative genomics. | horizontal transfer of resistance determinants amongst bacteria can be achieved by conjugative plasmid dna elements. we have determined the complete 274,762 bp sequence of the incompatibility group h (inch) plasmid r478, originally isolated from the gram negative opportunistic pathogen serratia marcescens. this self-transferable extrachromosomal genetic element contains 295 predicted genes, of which 144 are highly similar to coding sequences of inch plasmids r27 and phcm1. the regions of similar ... | 2004 | 15518875 |
| the cora mg2+ transporter does not transport fe2+. | cora encodes the constitutively expressed primary mg2+ uptake system of most eubacteria and many archaea. recently, a mutation in cora was reported to make salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium markedly resistant to fe2+-mediated toxicity. mechanistically, this was hypothesized to be from an ability of cora to mediate the influx of fe2+. consequently, we directly examined fe2+ transport and toxicity in wild-type versus cora cells. as determined by direct transport assay, cora cannot transport ... | 2004 | 15516579 |
| evidence that a b12-adenosyl transferase is encoded within the ethanolamine operon of salmonella enterica. | adenosylcobalamin (ado-b12) is both the cofactor and inducer of ethanolamine ammonia lyase (ea-lyase), a catabolic enzyme for ethanolamine. de novo synthesis of ado-b12 by salmonella enterica occurs only under anaerobic conditions. therefore, aerobic growth on ethanolamine requires import of ado-b12 or a precursor (cn-b12 or oh-b12) that can be adenosylated internally. several known enzymes adenosylate corrinoids. the coba enzyme transfers adenosine from atp to a biosynthetic intermediate in de ... | 2004 | 15516577 |
| lack of yggx results in chronic oxidative stress and uncovers subtle defects in fe-s cluster metabolism in salmonella enterica. | as components involved in fe-s cluster metabolism are described, the challenge becomes defining the integrated process that occurs in vivo based on the individual functions characterized in vitro. strains lacking yggx have been used here to mimic chronic oxidative stress and uncover subtle defects in fe-s cluster metabolism. we describe the in vivo similarities and differences between isc mutants, which have a known function in cluster assembly, and mutants disrupted in four additional loci, gsh ... | 2004 | 15516576 |
| the salmonella membrane protein igaa modulates the activity of the rcsc-yojn-rcsb and phop-phoq regulons. | the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium membrane protein igaa and the phop-phoq two-component system are used by this pathogen to attenuate the intracellular growth rate within fibroblasts. igaa has also recently been shown to contribute to virulence by exerting tight repression of the rcsc-yojn-rcsb phosphorelay in host tissues. here we show that loss of repression of the rcsc-yojn-rcsb system, linked to an r188h mutation in the igaa protein (igaa1 allele), is accompanied by altered express ... | 2004 | 15516559 |
| depletion of apolipoprotein n-acyltransferase causes mislocalization of outer membrane lipoproteins in escherichia coli. | lipoproteins in gram-negative enterobacteriaceae carry three fatty acids on the n-terminal cysteine residue, two as a diacylglyceride and one through an n-linkage following signal peptide cleavage. most lipoproteins are anchored in the outer membrane, facing the periplasm, but some lipoproteins remain in the plasma membrane, depending on the amino acid at position +2, immediately after the fatty-acylated cysteine. in vitro, the last step in lipoprotein maturation, n-acylation of apolipoproteins ... | 2005 | 15513925 |
| a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infection linked to raw milk consumption--ohio, 2003. | in december 2002, the ohio department of health was notified of two children with salmonella infection. both had a history of drinking raw milk from a combination dairy-restaurant-petting zoo (dairy). the dairy was the only establishment in ohio licensed to sell raw milk and reported 1.35 million visitors annually. we investigated to determine the extent of the outbreak and identify illness risk factors. a case patient was any person with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-matched salmonella enter ... | 2004 | 15508625 |
| effectiveness of cleaners and sanitizers in killing salmonella newport in the gut of a free-living nematode, caenorhabditis elegans. | caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode found in soil, has been shown to ingest human enteric pathogens, thereby potentially serving as a vector for preharvest contamination of fruits and vegetables. a study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of cleaners and sanitizers in killing salmonella enterica serotype newport in the gut of c. elegans. adult worms were fed nalidixic acid-adapted cells of escherichia coli op50 (control) or salmonella newport for 24 h, washed, placed on paper dis ... | 2004 | 15508623 |
| infections with nontyphoidal salmonella species producing tem-63 or a novel tem enzyme, tem-131, in south africa. | salmonella spp. producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) have been reported in many countries, but there is no information on their prevalence in africa. esbl-producing salmonella enterica serotype isangi and s. enterica serotype typhimurium strains have been noted in south africa since 2001. a total of 160 consecutive isolates of salmonella spp. were collected from 13 hospitals located in different cities in south africa over a 5-month period from december 2002 to april 2003. all str ... | 2004 | 15504851 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi in korea. | a chloramphenicol-resistant strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhi was first noted in korea in 1992, when a resistant isolate was detected in a returned traveler. continued isolation of multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains thereafter in other settings prompted a retrospective analysis of laboratory records and phenotypic and genotypic analyses of 12 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates. among these, one isolate was resistant only to chloramphenicol, and the other isolates were also resistant to ... | 2004 | 15504831 |
| egg quality assurance programs and egg-associated salmonella enteritidis infections, united states. | a salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis epidemic in the united states began in 1978, spread to much of the country in the following decade, and began declining in 1996. we examined correlations between annual changes in s. enteritidis incidence in humans and introductions of egg quality assurance programs (eqaps) in some states to reduce s. enteritidis contamination of eggs. before eqaps, 62% of the changes in s. enteritidis incidence were higher than the baseline for each state. after eqaps, ... | 2004 | 15504264 |
| virulence regulators rfah and yaeq do not operate in the same pathway. | the expression of virulence factors such as hemolysin and lipopolysaccharides in proteobacteria is regulated by the transcription elongation factor rfah. rfah reduces pausing and termination at intergenic sites, and thus allows rna polymerase to conclude transcription of the distal genes in long virulence operons. the yaeq gene of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium has been identified as a high-copy-number suppressor of the hemolytic defect in an rfah deletion strain, leading to speculation reg ... | 2004 | 15503145 |
| enhanced immunogenicity in the murine airway mucosa with an attenuated salmonella live vaccine expressing oprf-opri from pseudomonas aeruginosa. | we constructed an oral live vaccine based on the attenuated aroa mutant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain sl3261 expressing outer membrane proteins f and i (oprf-opri) from pseudomonas aeruginosa and investigated it in a mouse model. strains with in vivo inducible protein expression with the ppacc promoter showed good infection rates and immunogenicity but failed to engender detectable antibodies in the lung. however, a systemic booster vaccination following an oral primary immuniza ... | 2004 | 15501786 |
| combined vaccine regimen based on parenteral priming with a dna vaccine and administration of an oral booster consisting of a recombinant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strain for immunization against infection with human-derived enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains. | repeated evidence has demonstrated that combined primer-booster immunization regimens can improve both secreted and humoral immune responses to antigens derived from viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. for the present work, we evaluated the synergic serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and fecal iga antibody responses elicited in balb/c mice who were intramuscularly primed with a dna vaccine, precfa, followed by oral boosting with an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine (hg3 ... | 2004 | 15501779 |
| in vivo compartmentalization of functionally distinct, rapidly responsive antigen-specific t-cell populations in dna-immunized or salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-infected mice. | the location and functional properties of antigen-specific memory t-cell populations in lymphoid and nonlymphoid compartments following dna immunization or infection with salmonella were investigated. epitope-specific cd8+ -t-cell expansion and retention during the memory phase were analyzed for dna-immunized mice by use of a 5-h peptide restimulation assay. these data revealed that epitope-specific gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-positive cd8+ t cells occur at higher frequencies in the spleen, liv ... | 2004 | 15501769 |
| respiratory hydrogen use by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is essential for virulence. | based on available annotated gene sequence information, the enteric pathogen salmonella, like other enteric bacteria, contains three putative membrane-associated h2-using hydrogenase enzymes. these enzymes split molecular h2, releasing low-potential electrons that are used to reduce quinone or heme-containing components of the respiratory chain. here we show that each of the three distinct membrane-associated hydrogenases of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is coupled to a respiratory pat ... | 2004 | 15501756 |
| isolation of salmonella spp. from liquid and solid excreta prior to and following ensilage in ten swine farms located in central mexico. | a study was carried out to define selected bacteriological characteristics of residues from 10 swine farms, 5 with or without prior clinical enteric disease (pced) and to determine the effect of ensilage on the bacteria present in the solid fraction. at each farm, samples were taken from the sedimentation basin (sb), the solid fraction (sf), and the liquid fraction (lf). for each sample, cfu/g for enteric bacteria were quantified; salmonella spp. were isolated and typified. solid phase samples f ... | 2005 | 15501666 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis, taiwan, 2000-2003. | salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis is a highly invasive pathogen that infects humans and causes systemic infections that require antimicrobial therapy. surveillance in taiwan showed that fluoroquinolone resistance in s. choleraesuis markedly increased from 2000 to 2003, reaching approximately 70% in 2003. | 2004 | 15498176 |
| salmonella enterica serotype uganda infection in new york city and chicago. | outbreaks associated with distinct strains of salmonella enterica serotype uganda, a rare serotype, occurred in new york city and chicago during the summer of 2001. both outbreaks were linked to eating ready-to-eat pork products. this serotype may emerge as a more frequent cause of human infections. | 2004 | 15498173 |
| typhoid fever due to multiresistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi having reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance. | 2004 | 15494840 | |
| identification of a human hla-e-restricted cd8+ t cell subset in volunteers immunized with salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain ty21a typhoid vaccine. | our previous studies in volunteers immunized with salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) have suggested an important role for cd8+ t cells in host defense. in this study we describe a novel subset of nonclassical human hla-e-restricted s. typhi-specific cd8+ t cells derived from pbmc of ty21a typhoid vaccinees. cd3+cd8+cd4-cd56- t cells effectively killed s. typhi-infected targets regardless of whether they share classical hla class i molecules with them, by a fas-independent, granule-depe ... | 2004 | 15494539 |
| evolution of pathogenicity islands of salmonella enterica. | virulence genes located on pathogenicity islands play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica infections. salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi) contribute to host cell invasion and intracellular pathogenesis. at present, 12 spi have been described. although size, structure and function of these spi, as well as the distribution in salmonella subspecies and serovars can be markedly different, several common motifs are present among spi. in this review, the characteristics of spi ... | 2004 | 15493819 |
| ssam and spic interact and regulate secretion of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system effectors and translocators. | the type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) is required for systemic infection and intracellular replication of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the spi-2 ttss is activated after internalization of bacteria by host cells, and translocates effector proteins into and across the vacuolar membrane, where they interfere with several host cell functions. here, we investigated the function of ssam, a small protein encoded within spi-2. an ssam delet ... | 2004 | 15491354 |
| [salmonella enterica serotypes and salmonella infections: a multicenter study covering ten provinces in turkey]. | in order to find the distinctive features of salmonellae and salmonella infections in turkey, 620 salmonellae strains, isolated from various clinical samples (481 stool, 108 blood, 12 urine, 3 bone marrow, 3 cerebrospinal fluid, 9 pus, and one from each of the bile, pleural fluid, wound, catheter samples) in 13 clinical microbiology laboratories of 10 provinces in turkey (ankara, antalya, bursa, edirne, eskişehir, istanbul, izmir, kayseri, konya and trabzon) between july 1, 2000 and june 30, 200 ... | 2004 | 15490836 |
| an analysis of type-iii secretion gene clusters in chromobacterium violaceum. | chromobacterium violaceum is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that is common in soil and water in tropical and sub-tropical regions. it is also a model organism for studying quorum-sensing and is a rare but deadly human pathogen. recent completion of the genome sequence of c. violaceum strain atcc 12472 revealed the presence of genes associated with type-iii secretion systems (ttsss). one of these systems resembles the spi-1 system found in salmonella enterica, whereas another is similar ... | 2004 | 15488386 |
| comparison of real-time pcr methods for detection of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7, and introduction of a general internal amplification control. | the objectives of this study were to compare different real-time pcr-based methods for detection of either salmonella spp. or e. coli o157:h7 with respect to sensitivity, precision and accuracy. in addition, a general internal amplification control (iac) is presented, allowing prevention of false negative results. the iac allows insight in amplification efficiency and enables a more accurate quantification with the evaluated real-time pcr methods. implementation of the iac with the different pcr ... | 2004 | 15488277 |
| identification of a new member of the phage shock protein response in escherichia coli, the phage shock protein g (pspg). | the phage shock protein operon (pspabcde) of escherichia coli is strongly up-regulated in response to overexpression of the filamentous phage secretin protein iv (piv) and by many other stress conditions including defects in protein export. pspa has an established role in maintenance of the proton-motive force of the cell under stress conditions. here we present evidence for a new member of the phage shock response in e. coli. using transcriptional profiling, we show that the synthesis of piv in ... | 2004 | 15485810 |
| the art of serendipity: killing of caenorhabditis elegans by human pathogens as a model of bacterial and fungal pathogenesis. | the nematode worm, caenorhabditis elegans, has been used to develop a facile model system of host-pathogen interactions to identify basic evolutionarily conserved pathways associated with microbial pathogenesis. the model involves the killing of caenorhabditis elegans by a variety of human pathogens. several virulence-related genes in a variety of pathogens previously shown to be involved in mammalian infection have also been shown to play a role in caenorhabditis elegans killing. screening of l ... | 2003 | 15482109 |
| antimicrobial resistance and phage types of human and non-human salmonella enterica isolates in ireland, 1998-2003. | between 1998 and 2003, 5,161 isolates (3,182 human) of salmonella enterica were received by the national salmonella reference laboratory of ireland. serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phage typing were performed by standard methods. the number of isolates of s. enterica serovar typhimurium decreased from 579 (80%) in 1998 to 208 (19%) in 2003, while s. enterica serovar enteritidis increased from 59 (8%) in 1998 to 219 (20%) in 2003. definitive (dt) phage types 104 and dt104b ac ... | 2004 | 15481212 |
| [epidemiological analysis of salmonella enteritidis isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and bacteriophage typing over the period of april 2000 to march 2003 in gifu prefecture]. | we examined a total of 151 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains isolated in gifu prefecture during the period from april 2000 to march 2003 by using bacteriophage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). bacteriophage typing classified them into twelve phage types (pt) and rdnc (reacted but did not conform). the predominant phage type was pt47 (34.4%) followed by pt1 (21.9%), pt4 (16.6%) and rdnc (11.3%). xbai- and blni-digested pfge analyses identified 17 and 44 pfge patte ... | 2004 | 15478644 |
| genotypic diversity of salmonella enteritidis isolates from sporadic patients in limited area during one year. | our aims were to investigate the genetic epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolates using computerized analysis of restriction enzyme cleavage patterns. | 2004 | 15474626 |
| pediatric infection due to multiresistant salmonella enterica serotype infantis in honduras. | we report the case of a pediatric patient with a salmonella enterica serotype infantis infection. detailed microbiological investigation revealed that this isolate carries four beta-lactamase genes (bla(tem-1b) variant, bla(shv-5), bla(ctx-m-15), and bla(cmy-2)) conferring resistance to all beta-lactams but imipenem. this is the first report of a salmonella isolate with ctx-m and ampc enzymes on the american continent, the first report of bla(cmy-2) in salmonella serotype infantis, and the first ... | 2004 | 15472372 |
| fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism subtyping of multiresistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) subtyping analysis was used to genotype multiresistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104. thirteen distinct faflp profiles were found among 85 isolates exhibiting identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profiles. a single faflp profile was shared by 93% of outbreak-associated isolates and 82% of sporadic isolates. this study demonstrates the value of faflp as a high-resolution tool for epidemiolo ... | 2004 | 15472358 |
| infective endocarditis due to salmonella typhi--a case report. | endocarditis is a rare complication of typhoid fever. we report a case in which salmonella enterica serotype typhi was isolated from a case of endocarditis. the isolate was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin but sensitive to ceftriaxone, amikacin and gentamicin. | 2004 | 15471142 |
| modulation of arac family member activity by protein ligands. | a number of arac family transcriptional activators bind low-molecular-weight ligands that modulate the activity of these proteins. recently, it has become clear that the activity of several virulence-related arac family members is regulated through the direct interaction of protein ligands. these interactions, in general, function to activate or repress the transcription of virulence genes in response to specific extracellular stimuli. the identification and characterization of several protein l ... | 2004 | 15469502 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium interaction with dendritic cells: impact of the sifa gene. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and several mutant derivatives were able to enter efficiently murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells using mechanisms predominantly independent of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system. the levels of intracellular bacteria did not increase significantly over many hours after invasion. using fluid endocytic tracers and other markers, s. typhimurium-containing vacuoles (scvs) were physically distinguishable from ... | 2004 | 15469435 |
| analysis of the mechanisms of salmonella-induced actin assembly during invasion of host cells and intracellular replication. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) induces actin assembly both during invasion of host cells and during the course of intracellular bacterial replication. in this study, we investigated the involvement in these processes of host cell signalling pathways that are frequently utilized by bacterial pathogens to manipulate the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton. we confirmed that cdc42, rac, and arp3 are involved in s. typhimurium invasion of hela cells, and found that n-wasp and sca ... | 2004 | 15469433 |
| salmonella-induced macrophage death: multiple mechanisms, different outcomes. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica triggers programmed cell death in macrophages. the close examination of this phenomenon has revealed an unusually complex picture involving diverse mechanisms that lead to different types of programmed cell death. it appears that the outcome of the interaction of salmonella with macrophages depends on the relative contribution of two type iii protein secretion systems, in conjunction with the stimulation of innate immunity outputs throug ... | 2004 | 15469431 |
| endostatin gene therapy delivered by salmonella choleraesuis in murine tumor models. | some anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria have been used experimentally as anticancer agents because of their selective growth in tumors. in this study, we exploited attenuated salmonella choleraesuis as a tumoricidal agent and a vector to deliver the endostatin gene for tumor-targeted gene therapy. | 2004 | 15468191 |
| detection of low levels of listeria monocytogenes cells by using a fiber-optic immunosensor. | biosensor technology has a great potential to meet the need for sensitive and nearly real-time microbial detection from foods. an antibody-based fiber-optic biosensor to detect low levels of listeria monocytogenes cells following an enrichment step was developed. the principle of the sensor is a sandwich immunoassay where a rabbit polyclonal antibody was first immobilized on polystyrene fiber waveguides through a biotin-streptavidin reaction to capture listeria cells on the fiber. capture of cel ... | 2004 | 15466560 |
| a ph-sensitive function and phenotype: evidence that euth facilitates diffusion of uncharged ethanolamine in salmonella enterica. | the euth gene is part of an operon that allows salmonella enterica to use ethanolamine as a sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. although the sequence of euth suggests a role in transport, euth mutants use ethanolamine normally under standard conditions (ph 7.0). these mutants fail to use ethanolamine at a low ph. evidence is presented that protonated ethanolamine (eth0) does not enter cells, while uncharged ethanolamine (eth0) diffuses freely across the membrane. the external concentrat ... | 2004 | 15466042 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance in nontyphoid human salmonella in belgium: trends for the period 2000-2002. | in order to assess antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoid human salmonella in belgium, the six most important serovars, representing together more than 90% of laboratory confirmed cases, were randomly sampled. from june 2000 until december 2002, a total of 1756 isolates were screened for their antimicrobial resistance profile by the disc diffusion method. s. hadar strains showed the highest level of antimicrobial resistance. simultaneous resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ... | 2004 | 15462512 |
| [contribution of phage typing and ribotyping in investigating a typhoid fever outbreak in tunisia]. | a study was carried out to investigate an outbreak of typhoid fever that occurred in sousse city and in the vicinity of sousse (tunisia) during summer 1999. twenty four isolates of salmonella enterica serotype typhi were isolated in hospitalized patients with a typhoid fever in two hospitals (farhat hached sousse and m'saken) and were studied with the help of two molecular typing methods: phage typing and automated ribotyping. twenty one isolates with the vi antigen had profile dvs (degraded vi ... | 2004 | 15462196 |
| crystal structure of an aminoimidazole riboside kinase from salmonella enterica: implications for the evolution of the ribokinase superfamily. | the crystal structures of a salmonella enterica aminoimidazole riboside (airs) kinase, its complex with the substrate airs, and its complex with airs and an atp analog were determined at 2.6 angstroms, 2.9 angstroms, and 2.7 angstroms, respectively. the product of the salmonella-specific gene stm4066, airs kinase, is a homodimer with one active site per monomer. the core structure, consisting of an eight-stranded beta sheet flanked by eight alpha helices, indicates that airs kinase is a member o ... | 2004 | 15458630 |