Publications

a peptide derived from a conserved domain of sendai virus fusion protein inhibits virus-cell fusion. a plausible mode of action.	sv-201, a peptide derived from a conserved and potentially amphipathic region (amino acids 201-229) in the sendai virus ectodomain, specifically inhibited virus-mediated hemolysis only when added to virions prior to their attachment to red blood cells. sendai virus-mediated hemagglutinin assay in the presence of sv-201 demonstrated that the peptide does not disturb the binding of virions to the target red blood cells. a mutated peptide with 2 amino acids substitution, rendering the peptide neutr ...	1998	9516418
mild proteolysis induces a ready-to-fuse state on sendai virus envelope.	the sendai virus fuses with host cell membranes in a ph-independent manner through an unknown mechanism. here we report that mild trypsin pre-treatments of sendai virions, for example 15 min at 4 degrees c, give sendai virions the ability to fuse at a rate up to 10-fold higher than control. by using human erythrocytes as host cell membranes, viral fusion was assessed by hemolysis as well as fluorescence dequenching of octadecyl rhodamine b chloride. the mild protease treatment strikingly shorten ...	1998	9515725
sendai viruses with altered p, v, and w protein expression.	wild-type sendai virus expresses three proteins containing the n-terminal half of the p protein open reading frame due to mrna editing; a full-length p protein (ca. 70% of the total), a v protein with the n-terminal half fused to a cys-rich zn(2+)-binding domain (ca. 25% of the total), and a w protein representing the n-terminal half alone (ca. 5% of the total). to examine the role of these proteins in the virus life cycle, we have prepared recombinant viruses in which the normal v mrna expresse ...	1998	9514977
in vivo delivery of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides into murine retina.	to determine the fate of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (s-odns), which are commonly used for antisense strategy, in murine retina in vivo with the use of fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled s-odns, and to evaluate our fusogenic liposome system that may facilitate the delivery of s-odns.	1998	9514488
detection of respiratory syncytial virus a and b and parainfluenzavirus 3 sequences in respiratory tracts of infants by a single pcr with primers targeted to the l-polymerase gene and differential hybridization.	a reverse transcription-pcr and hybridization-enzyme immunoassay (rt-pcr-eia) has been developed to identify the major agents of bronchiolitis in infants: respiratory syncytial viruses a and b (rsva and rsvb) and parainfluenzavirus 3 (piv3). two primer sets (p1-p2 and p1-p3) were selected in a conserved region of the polymerase l gene. in infected cell cultures, this method detected rsva (n = 14), rsvb (n = 13), and piv3 (n = 13), with the exclusion of piv1 (n = 4), piv2 (n = 3), measles virus ( ...	1998	9508315
plasmid dna encoding targeted naturally processed peptides generates protective cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses in immunized animals.	genetic immunization has been widely applied in efforts to find novel and efficient mechanisms of stimulating the immune response. an effective attack against viral pathogens or tumors often requires activation of t cell-mediated immunity and the generation of cytotoxic t cells. intramuscular immunization with plasmid dna containing cdnas that encode proteins results in expression and secretion of the foreign antigen by muscle cells. t cell activation occurs when peptide fragments of the exogeno ...	1998	9508050
immunogenic pdgf-ab dimers in crude leukocyte interferon batches.	the infection of human peripheral blood leukocytes (hpbl) with sendai virus in vitro, induces the synthesis of human leukocyte interferons (ifn-alpha n3) as well as other cytokines. the authors discovered that supernatants of virus-infected hpbl also contained significant amounts of platelet-derived growth factor ab (pdgf-ab). the concentrations of immunogenic pdgf-ab in the interferon batches were determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) before and after the inactiva ...	1998	9505148
interferon-beta is required for interferon-alpha production in mouse fibroblasts.	the type i interferons--interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) and interferon-beta (ifn-beta)--are critical for protection against viruses during the acute stage of viral infection [1,2]. furthermore, type i interferons have been implicated as important mediators in the regulation of lymphocyte development [3], immune responses [4,5] and the maintenance of immunological memory of cytotoxic t cells [6,7]. the different ifn-alpha subtypes are encoded by 12 genes in the mouse [8] whereas ifn-beta is encoded ...	1998	9501984
introduction of dna into the rat and primate trabecular meshwork by fusogenic liposomes.	to evaluate the feasibility of introducing exogenous genes and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides into the anterior chamber tissues of rats and monkeys using the authors' fusogenic liposomes.	1998	9501860
induction of cd8+ t cell responses to dominant and subdominant epitopes and protective immunity to sendai virus infection by dna vaccination.	while recent studies have demonstrated that dna vaccination induces potent cd8+ t cell memory in vivo, it is unclear whether this memory is qualitatively and quantitatively comparable with that induced by natural viral infection. in the current studies, we have investigated the induction of cd8+ memory ctl responses to sendai virus nucleoprotein (np) in c57bl/6 mice following gene gun vaccination. the data demonstrate that this mode of vaccination induces potent long-lived memory ctl precursors ...	1998	9498786
protective effect of passive immunization against tnf-alpha in mice infected with sendai virus.	tnf-alpha has been reported to be induced in mice infected with sendai virus. we evaluated the role of tnf-alpha in the virus infection. tnf-alpha was induced locally in proportion to virus titers in the lung. the activity was correlated with suppression of body weight gain. passive immunization against tnf-alpha improved body weight gain and ameliorated pneumonic lesions in infected mice, and prevented them from lethal infection, but lung virus induced emaciation, pneumonic lesions and death we ...	1998	9498113
some virological and pathomorphological aspects of the respiratory system in the experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus associated with influenza virus, parainfluenza virus type 3 and adenovirus in the mouse.	infections with respiratory syncytial virus long strain, associated with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, and adenovirus type 3, were experimentally induced in white mice, causing histological, histochemical and histoenzymatic lesions at the respiratory system level, the severity of which exceeded the one observed in the controls infected with a single virus. the pathomorphological changes made up an inflammatory, predominantly infiltrat ...	1996	9495783
experimental researches in infections with associated myxoviruses in the mouse.	infections with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, to which there were associated parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, adenovirus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus long strain, were experimentally induced in white mice. the experimental models were set up so as to permit the obtaining of an associated infection with three viruses, in which the influenza virus should be inoculated the first, the participation of the others being variable, according to their presence by a ...	1996	9495782
viral respiratory infection increases susceptibility of young rats to hypoxia-induced pulmonary edema.	recent clinical observations of a high incidence of preexisting respiratory infections in pediatric cases of high-altitude pulmonary edema prompted us to ask whether such infections would increase the susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary edema in young rats. we infected weanling rats with sendai virus, thus causing a mild respiratory infection. within 7 days of infection, sendai virus was essentially undetectable by using viral culture and immunohistochemical techniques. animals at day 7 ...	1998	9480968
paramyxoviral and reoviral infections of iguanas on honduran islands.	thirty-five free-ranging healthy spiny-tailed iguanas (31 ctenosaura bakeri, 4 c. similis) and 14 green iguanas (iguana iguana rhinolopha) were caught and held in captivity for 2 days. blood was collected from all animals and their sera were evaluated for antibody titres against reptilian reoviruses, reptilian paramyxoviruses, and avian paramyxovirus-1 (pmv-1). cloacal and pharyngeal swabs also were collected and examined for viral content by incubation on chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) and te ...	1998	9476223
hemagglutinating virus of japan-liposome-mediated gene transfer of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase inhibits intimal hyperplasia of canine vein grafts under conditions of poor runoff.	late graft failure is a critical problem, particularly in the presence of poor runoff vessels. intimal hyperplasia is considered to be the main cause of graft failure. we have already reported that intimal thickening of experimental vein grafts in dogs with poor runoff vessels is more pronounced than that in dogs with normal vessels. we and others also have reported that production of nitric oxide (no) in the endothelium of canine vein grafts is impaired. in the present study, we asked whether i ...	1998	9474091
outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 in an intermediate care neonatal nursery.	of the four serotypes of human parainfluenza virus, parainfluenza type 3 causes the majority of infections in young children and infants. parainfluenza type 3 can occur in newborns, although most are born with neutralizing antibodies. there have been only infrequent reports of parainfluenza type 3 causing nosocomial respiratory infection in the newborn nursery setting. we report an outbreak occurring in the intermediate care nursery (imcn) at st. boniface hospital, winnipeg, canada.	1998	9469395
the humoral immune response in cattle after immunization with a multivalent ibr/pi3/pasteurella haemolytica a1 leukotoxin vaccine.	a multivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), para-influenza type-3 virus (pi3) and the leukotoxin of pasteurella haemolytica a1, were combined with the addition of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant, and administered to post-weaned calves, and the serum tested for seroconversion to each antigen. two groups of calves (n = 150 and n = 68) were used and were randomly divided into three subgroups. the first g ...	1997	9467176
viruses and bacteria in the etiology of the common cold.	two hundred young adults with common colds were studied during a 10-month period. virus culture, antigen detection, pcr, and serology with paired samples were used to identify the infection. viral etiology was established for 138 of the 200 patients (69%). rhinoviruses were detected in 105 patients, coronavirus oc43 or 229e infection was detected in 17, influenza a or b virus was detected in 12, and single infections with parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and enterovi ...	1998	9466772
increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) gene expression in parainfluenza type 1 (sendai) virus-induced bronchiolar fibrosis.	increased airway resistance and airway hyperresponsiveness induced in rats by infection with parainfluenza type i (sendai) virus is associated with bronchiolar fibrosis. to determine whether increased tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha gene expression is an important regulatory event in virus-induced bronchiolar fibrosis, pulmonary tnf-alpha mrna and protein expression was assessed in rat strains that are susceptible (brown norway; bn) and resistant (fischer 344; f344) to virus-induced bronchiola ...	1998	9466578
inhibition of growth of human vascular smooth muscle cells by overexpression of p21 gene through induction of apoptosis.	the senescent cell-derived inhibitor (sdi)-1 protein (p21 product) has been identified as a downstream mediator of the tumor suppressor p53 in the regulation of cell cycle progression through a g1 phase checkpoint. given the importance of cell cycle inhibition for the treatment of restenosis, in this study we focused on the function of p21 gene in inhibiting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc). to test the hypothesis, we transfected human p21 gene into human aortic vsmc using he ...	1998	9453351
paramyxovirus rna synthesis and the requirement for hexamer genome length: the rule of six revisited.		1998	9444980
[a simple method for rna isolation and purification].	rnas from escherichia coli cells, syrian hamster kidney cells, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and newcastle disease virus were isolated using glass fiber filters gf/f or gf/c. the rna was reversibly adsorbed on the filters in the presence of 2 m guanidine thiocyanate and 50% ethanol (or isopropanol) and eluted with water. the fraction composition of the isolated rna depended on the guanidine thiocyanate and alcohol concentrations in the adsorption and washing procedures. the rna preparations obta ...	1997	9441599
[in vivo gene transfer methods into bladder without viral vectors].	for the application of gene therapy to bladder cancer, we examined four in vivo gene transfer methods without viral vectors. for lipofection cationic liposomes (lipofectin) were instilled into murine bladders. the hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj)-liposomes possessing membrane fusion activity were also injected intraluminally. using a particle gun, rabbit bladder mucosa was bombarded with dna-coated gold microcarriers. electrotransfection was examined in rabbit bladder by pulse direct curren ...	1997	9436030
proper spacing between heptad repeat b and the transmembrane domain boundary of the paramyxovirus sv5 f protein is critical for biological activity.	the paramyxovirus, simian virus 5, fusion (f) protein contains seven amino acids between heptad repeat b (a domain required for a biologically active fusion protein) and the presumptive boundary of the transmembrane (tm) domain. the role of the seven membrane proximal residues in stability and fusion promotion was examined by construction of a series of insertion, substitution, and deletion mutants, as manipulation of this region to enable proteolytic cleavage would facilitate production of a so ...	1997	9434724
identification of nine interferon-alpha subtypes produced by sendai virus-induced human peripheral blood leucocytes.	the human interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) family is encoded by 13 different functional genes, and including all cloned sequence variants there are 28 potential ifn-alpha proteins. to find out which of the described sequences are expressed in normal human leucocytes, we have isolated and partly characterized the components of a highly purified ifn-alpha preparation produced by sendai virus-induced human peripheral blood leucocytes. the identification protocol consisted of n-terminal sequencing and m ...	1998	9425112
a functional antigenomic promoter for the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 requires proper spacing between an essential internal segment and the 3' terminus.	a previous analysis of naturally occurring defective interfering (di) rna genomes of the prototypic paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) indicated that 113 bases at the 3' terminus of the antigenome were sufficient to direct rna encapsidation and replication. a nucleotide sequence alignment of the antigenomic 3'-terminal 113 bases of members of the rubulavirus genus of the paramyxoviridae family identified two regions of sequence identity: bases 1 to 19 at the 3' terminus (conserved region i [cri] ...	1998	9420195
development and characterization of cationic liposomes conjugated with hvj (sendai virus): reciprocal effect of cationic lipid for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer.	today, nonviral gene transfer vectors attract more attention as a therapeutic strategy for human diseases, because viral vectors such as adenoviral and herpes viral vectors have been proven to have problems, especially in immunogenicity and cytotoxicity. however, the main limitation of nonviral vectors has been low efficiency of gene expression. to overcome this defect, we have developed a new class of transfection vehicles, hvj-cationic liposomes. the use of the cationic lipid dc-cholesterol fa ...	1997	9414261
use of ebv-based vector/hvj-liposome complex vector for targeted gene therapy of ebv-associated neoplasms.	targeted suicide gene therapy for epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated neoplasms was attempted by using ebv-based plasmid vectors coupled with hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj)-liposome in vitro. expression of ebv nuclear antigen (ebna)1 is a common feature of the neoplasms associated with ebv. when various leukemic cell lines were transduced with a vector carrying a marker gene and ebv replication origin of plasmid (orip), the marker gene product was exclusively detected in cells expressing ...	1997	9405242
isolation of an avirulent mutant of sendai virus with two amino acid mutations from a highly virulent field strain through adaptation to llc-mk2 cells.	a field strain of sendai virus (sev) ohita-m1 (m1) was isolated from an epidemic in an animal laboratory by passaging in mice. a mutant strain, ohita-mvc11 (mvc11), was then obtained by passaging m1 in rhesus monkey (llc-mk2) cells. mvc11 was adapted to llc-mk2 cells and produced 20 times higher levels of infectious virus than m1. this increased production of infectious virus in llc-mk2 cells was associated with enhanced viral gene expression. however, mvc11 could not replicate efficiently in mo ...	1997	9400971
the rna binding region of the paramyxovirus sv5 v and p proteins.	the v/p gene of simian virus 5 (sv5) encodes two proteins, v (222 residues) and the phosphoprotein p (392 residues). the v and p proteins are amino coterminal for 164 residues, but they have unique carboxy termini due to addition of two nontemplated g residues to the p mrna during transcription. we have shown that the v and p proteins bind rna by using both northwestern blot analysis and ultraviolet-light crosslinking. the rna-binding region has been mapped to a region in the p and v proteins wh ...	1997	9400618
a point mutation in the sendai virus accessory c proteins attenuates virulence for mice, but not virus growth in cell culture.	a mutant sendai virus (sevmvc), which grows much better than its progenitor virus (sevm) in cell culture, but, in strong contrast to sevm, is totally avirulent for mice, has been described. sevmvc contains two amino acid substitutions relative to sevm, namely, f170s in the c protein and e2050a in the l protein. we have examined which substitutions were responsible for the above phenotypes by exchanging the c gene of our reference strain z with those of sevh (another reference strain), sevm, and ...	1997	9400614
a glycine to alanine substitution in the paramyxovirus sv5 fusion peptide increases the initial rate of fusion.	simian virus 5 fusion (f) protein mutant f-g3a, which contains a glycine-to-alanine substitution at position 3 in the conserved hydrophobic fusion peptide at the n-terminus of the f1 subunit, has been shown previously to cause increased syncytium formation compared to wild-type (wt) f protein, when expressed using an sv40 recombinant virus vector system (c. m. horvath and r. a. lamb (1992) j. virol. 66, 2443-2455). the wt f and the f-g3a proteins were expressed in eukaryotic cells using the vacc ...	1997	9400601
a leucine zipper motif in the ectodomain of sendai virus fusion protein assembles in solution and in membranes and specifically binds biologically-active peptides and the virus.	we have detected a leucine zipper-like motif in the ectodomain of the sendai virus fusion protein (aa 269-307) which is extremely conserved in the family of sendai viruses. to find a possible role for this motif, we synthesized sv-269, a 39 amino acid peptide corresponding to this domain, and a mutant peptide, musv-269, with an amino acid pair interchanged their positions. the peptides were labeled with fluorescent probes at their n-terminal amino acid and functionally and structurally character ...	1997	9398274
pediatric hospitalizations for croup (laryngotracheobronchitis): biennial increases associated with human parainfluenza virus 1 epidemics.	croup is a common manifestation of respiratory tract infection in children, and human parainfluenza virus 1 (hpiv-1) is the agent most commonly associated with croup. in the united states, hpiv-1 produces a distinctive pattern of biennial epidemics of respiratory illness during the autumn months of odd-numbered years. national hospital discharge survey data for croup hospitalizations among patients <15 years old between 1979 and 1993 were examined along with laboratory-based surveillance data on ...	1997	9395350
experimental infection of swine and cat central nervous systems by the pig paramyxovirus of the blue eye disease.	this study analyses whether the pig paramyxovirus of blue eye disease (ppbed) infects the central nervous system (cns) utilizing anterograde and retrograde peripheral nerve transport systems. the virus was injected into muscle and skin, and inoculated per nasum. the presence of ppbed was detected by an immunohistochemical method using polyclonal mouse antibodies against the whole inactivated virus, and was revealed with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against mouse immunoglobulin g (igg) labelled w ...	1997	9394611
pulmonary lesions in experimental ophidian paramyxovirus pneumonia of aruba island rattlesnakes, crotalus unicolor.	histologic and ultrastructural changes were observed in the respiratory portions of lung in five 29-40-month-old aruba island rattlesnakes, crotalus unicolor, that were inoculated with an aruba island rattlesnake virus (aiv) strain of ophidian paramyxovirus (opmv) isolated from an aruba island rattlesnake. lungs from one non-infected and three mock-infected aruba island rattlesnakes were examined also. from 4 to 22 days following intratracheal inoculation, progressive microscopic changes were se ...	1997	9381656
interaction of human parainfluenza virus type 3 with the host cell surface.		1997	9380464
role of a single amino acid at the amino terminus of the simian virus 5 f2 subunit in syncytium formation.	the fusion (f) protein of simian virus 5 (strain w3a) induced extensive cell fusion in bhk cells when expressed alone, while that of strain wr did not. mutational analysis demonstrated that the fusing activity can be transferred to the wr f protein by a proline residue at position 22 of subunit w3a f2.	1997	9371660
trans-complementation of yellow fever virus ns1 reveals a role in early rna replication.	mutational analysis of the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of yellow fever virus (yf) has implicated it in viral rna replication. to further explore this observation, we sought a method for uncoupling ns1 function from ns1 expression and processing as part of the large yf polyprotein. here we describe a strategy for providing ns1 in trans, utilizing a noncytopathic sindbis virus vector. replication of a defective yf genome containing a large in-frame deletion of ns1 was dependent on functional exp ...	1997	9371625
inhibition of sendai virus genome replication due to promoter-increased selectivity: a possible role for the accessory c proteins.	the role of the negative-stranded virus accessory c proteins is difficult to assess because they appear sometimes as nonessential and thereby of no function. on the other hand, when a function is found, as in the case of sendai virus, it represents an enigma, in that the c proteins inhibit replication under conditions where the infection follows an exponential course. furthermore, this inhibitory function is exerted differentially: in contrast to the replication of internal deletion defective in ...	1997	9371623
isolation of highly fusogenic variants of simian virus 5 from persistently infected cells that produce and respond to interferon.	a series of experiments were undertaken to examine how interferon and neutralizing antibodies influence the ability of simian virus 5 (sv5) (strain w3) to establish and maintain persistent infections in murine cells. in contrast to the rapid decline in sv5 protein synthesis observed in murine balb/c fibroblasts (bf cells), which produce and respond to interferon, between 24 and 48 h postinfection there was no inhibition of virus protein synthesis in msfi- cells, skin fibroblasts derived from alp ...	1997	9371592
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, and respiratory coronavirus.	a number of viruses have been proven to be primary respiratory pathogens of cattle. viruses may play an important role in making cattle susceptible to secondary respiratory bacterial pathogens. epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and important properties in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3), and bovine respiratory coronavirus (brcv) are described in this article.	1997	9368989
creation of an infectious recombinant sendai virus expressing the firefly luciferase gene from the 3' proximal first locus.	a genetic engineering approach was made to generate a recombinant non-segmented negative-strand rna virus, sendai virus (sev) of the family paramyxoviridae, that expresses firefly luciferase. the dna construct containing the entire open reading frame (orf) of the luciferase gene followed by the sev transcription stop and restart signals connected with the conserved intergenic three nucleotides was inserted immediately before the orf of the viral 3'-proximal nucleocapsid (n) protein gene in a ful ...	1997	9367367
effect of n-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine on the membrane fusion between sendai virus and liposome.	we have compared the properties of two n-acyl derivatives of dilauryl phosphatidylethanolamine on lipid polymorphism, vesicle leakage and sendai virus fusion. the derivatives contained either an n-lauroyl group (nlpe) or an n-acetyl group (nacpe). only the nacpe markedly affected the bilayer to hexagonal transition temperature of dielaidoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, shifting it to higher values. in contrast the nlpe slightly lowered this phase transition temperature. the two lipids also have opp ...	1997	9367055
sendai virus-based expression of hiv-1 gp120: reinforcement by the v(-) version.	we have established a system for recovering sendai virus (sev), a nonsegmented negative strand rna virus, entirely from cdna at an extremely high rate, and have succeeded in creating a v(-) sev whose gene expression was greatly enhanced by the deletion of the nonessential v gene. because of its extreme medical importance, there has been a strong need for the establishment of a better system to express the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in sufficien ...	1997	9366551
modeling the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein.	the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein exhibits neuraminidase activity and has an active site functionally similar to that in influenza neuraminidases. earlier work identified conserved amino acids among hn sequences and proposed similarity between hn and influenza neuraminidase sequences. in this work we identify the three-dimensional fold and develop a more detailed model for the hn protein, in the process we examine a variety of protein structure prediction methods. we use ...	1997	9365983
recovery of infectious sv5 from cloned dna and expression of a foreign gene.	a complete cdna clone of the genome (15,246 nucleotides) of the paramyxovirus sv5 was constructed from cdnas such that an anti-genome rna could be transcribed by t7 rna polymerase and the correct 3' end generated by cleavage using hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. the plasmid encoding the antigenome sequence was transfected into cells previously infected with recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed t7 rna polymerase, together with helper plasmids that expressed the viral replication proteins, np ...	1997	9356337
presence of a unique parainfluenza virus 3 strain identified by rt-pcr in visna-maedi virus infected sheep.	the presence in farm sheep of a paramyxovirus closely related to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3) from humans or cattle was confirmed using rt-pcr on rna samples from lung cells from slaughtered animals. sequencing and restriction enzyme patterns of the amplified fragment of the f gene confirms the distinctness of the isolate, and suitable pcr primers allow specific detection of the ovine virus. a study of the incidence of ovine pi3 in samples from sheep with or without distinctive histopatholog ...	1997	9355245
detection of nucleoprotein gene of sendai virus in the lungs of rats by touchdown nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.	the nucleoprotein (np) gene of sendai virus was detected by touchdown nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the lungs of a rat presented with respiratory illness and high serum elisa titer to sendai virus. this method seemed to be of value in controlling infection in laboratory rodents.	1997	9353640
induction of antibody response to human tumor antigens by gene therapy using a fusigenic viral liposome vaccine.	development of effective cancer vaccines would help prevent and control tumor progression. a novel approach of immunizing against tumor antigens is in vivo gene vaccination. we have developed a fusigenic viral liposome vector using hvj (hemagglutinating virus of japan) and liposome to deliver human tumor antigen genes effectively to cells in vivo. plasmids containing the human tumor antigen genes mage-1 and mage-3 were encapsulated in fusigenic viral liposomes and injected into mice intramuscula ...	1997	9349434
polarized apical targeting directed by the signal/anchor region of simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.	to examine the possibility of independent cytoplasmic/transmembrane domain-based apical sorting, we have investigated paramyxovirus sv5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), a type ii membrane protein with a small n-terminal signal/anchor region. in sv5-infected madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, >90% of hn is found on the apical surface. we have expressed chimeric proteins in which the n terminus of hn, including its signal/anchor region, is attached to a (normally cytosolic) reporter pyruvate ...	1997	9346896
paramyxovirus fusion (f) protein and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein interactions: intracellular retention of f and hn does not affect transport of the homotypic hn or f protein.	to investigate a possible intracellular coassociation of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins in a living cell, without resorting to chemical crosslinking and antibody coimmunoprecipitation, we tagged the cytoplasmic n-terminus of sv5 hn with a rrrrr motif and hpiv-3 hn with a rrr motif for endoplasmic reticulum (er) retention. in addition, we tagged the cytoplasmic c-terminus of sv5 and ...	1997	9344902
cytotoxicity of anthrax lethal factor microinjected into macrophage cells through sendai virus envelopes.	lethal toxin (lt) secreted by bacillus anthracis consists of two proteins, protective antigen (pa) and lethal factor (lf). lt causes lysis of macrophages and derived cell lines at low concentrations. pa binds to the cell surface receptors and mediates translocation of lf into cytosol of mammalian cells. internalization of lf into cytosol by osmotic lysis of pinocytic vesicles requires high concentration of lf for cell lysis. to examine the possible cell lysis by lf at low concentration, we intro ...	1997	9343949
induction of procoagulant activity in virus infected bovine alveolar macrophages and the effect of lipopolysaccharide.	three viruses known to be associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex were evaluated in vitro for potential impact upon the procoagulant activity (pca) of bovine alveolar macrophages (bam). cultures of bam were inoculated with bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpbvdv), non-cytopathic bvdv (ncpbvdv), or bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) and incubated for several time periods (24, 48, 72, 96 h). bam were then exposed to e. coli lipopolysa ...	1997	9343337
current status of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccine development: memorandum from a joint who/niaid meeting.	a joint who/national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (niaid) meeting on the current status of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccine development was held in bethesda, md, from 30 september to 1 october 1996. the meeting summarized the worldwide impact of rsv and piv3; presented the current status of development of rsv and piv3 vaccines; and examined the applications of recombinant dna technology to the development and characterization of vacc ...	1997	9342889
efficient transfer of synthetic ribozymes into cells using hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj)-cationic liposomes. application for ribozymes that target human t-cell leukemia virus type i tax/rex mrna.	we investigated the usefulness of ribozymes in inhibiting the expression of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) gene. two hammerhead ribozymes that were against htlv-i rex (rr) and tax (tr) mrna were synthesized. both ribozymes were sequence-specific in the in vitro cleavage analysis of run-off transcripts from tax/rex cdna. intracellular activities of the ribozymes were studied in htlv-i tax cdna-transfected rat embryonic fibroblasts (rat/tax cells), which expressed the tax but not rex. ...	1997	9341150
gene delivery by hvj-liposome in the experimental gene therapy of murine glioma.	we investigated the delivery of foreign genes into mouse glioma cells in vivo using hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj)-liposomes, which are coated by sendai virus envelope protein. hvj-liposomes, containing lacz gene or herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsvtk) gene-bearing plasmid dna were applied in the meningeal gliomatosis (mg) mouse model system. highly efficient delivery was observed in disseminated glioma cells, and 80% of mg mice expressing the hsvtk gene were cured by treatment w ...	1997	9338004
efficient gene transduction by epstein-barr-virus-based vectors coupled with cationic liposome and hvj-liposome.	we show here a novel non-viral strategy to transduce human cells by using an ebv-based vector system. the ebv-based vectors, the plasmid vectors carrying ebv orip (origin for plasmid replication) and ebna (ebv nuclear antigen) 1 gene from ebv genome, were combined with 2 gene delivery systems, i.e., cationic liposome and hvj-liposome. by both methods, ebv-based vectors could be more efficiently transfected into hela cells than non-ebv, conventional plasmid vectors. when human primary fibroblasts ...	1997	9325170
[serological investigations in the diagnosis of viral infections derived from cattle in sheep].	in the coast region of the north-west of germany 269 arbitrary chosen blood samples of 22 flocks of sheep were tested for the existence of bhv-1, bvd and pi-3 antibodies. the livestock of 13 farms with 163 sheep consistent of sheep and bovine, 9 herds with 106 sheep kept sheep only. the results show that bhv-1 antibodies were not present in the sampled sheep. contrary to this are the results for bvd and pi-3. the blood tests for bvd antibodies were positive in 6.7% of the samples. this result in ...	1997	9324461
production of interferon-alpha/beta by murine dendritic cell lines stimulated by virus and bacteria.	the interferon-alpha and -beta (ifn-alpha/beta) producing ability of the two murine dendritic cell (dc) lines d2sc/1 and fsdc was studied. the d2sc/1 cells produced ifn-alpha and -beta when stimulated by herpes simplex virus (hsv), sendai virus (sv) or by the bacteria escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus cowan i. precultivating (priming) d2sc/1 cells with recombinant ifn-beta or a combination of ifn-beta and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increased production of ifn-alpha/ ...	1997	9315110
importance of the cysteine-rich carboxyl-terminal half of v protein for sendai virus pathogenesis.	the sendai virus v protein is a nonstructural trans-frame protein whose cysteine-rich c-terminal half is fused to the acidic n-terminal half of the p protein via mrna editing. we recently created a mutant by disrupting the editing motif, which is devoid of mrna editing and hence unable to produce the v protein, and demonstrated that this v(-) virus replicated normally or even faster with augmented gene expression and cytopathogenicity in cells in vitro, but was strongly attenuated in pathogenici ...	1997	9311801
effect of heparin on a haemagglutinin of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.	heparin inhibited haemagglutination by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and by aujesky's disease virus, but failed to inhibit haemagglutination by parainfluenza virus type 3. the minimal inhibitory concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 ha u of prrsv haemagglutinin ranged from 0.1 to 1 u ml-1. mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with the haemagglutination inhibitory factor of heparin. however, mouse erythrocytes treated with heparinase had greatly reduced aggl ...	1997	9300545
hvj (sendai virus)-cationic liposomes: a novel and potentially effective liposome-mediated technique for gene transfer to the airway epithelium.	we designed a novel technique for targeted gene transfer into the airway epithelium. this was constructed using multilamellar cationic liposomes, containing n-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)-didodecyl-d-glutamate chloride, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol and fused with haemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj), namely hvj cationic liposomes. single aerosol delivery of this novel vector to the airway of rats led to a highly efficient and widespread transduction of fluorescein isothiocyanate-label ...	1997	9282164
phosphorylation of the sendai virus m protein is not essential for virus replication either in vitro or in vivo.	a large proportion of intracellular sendai virus (sev) m proteins is phosphorylated, but in mature virions the m protein is not phosphorylated or dephosphorylated. phosphorylated m protein in cells is bound to the cytoskeletal components more firmly than unphosphorylated m protein. thus it has been hypothesized that m protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the virus life cycle, especially in the step of maturation. here, a transient expression-mutation experiment of the m gene demons ...	1997	9281516
[liposome-mediated gene delivery].		1997	9279116
dna transfer into vascular smooth muscle using fusigenic sendai virus (hvj)-liposomes.	manipulation of the genetic machinery of cells both in vitro and in vivo is becoming an ever more important means of elucidating pathways of molecular and cellular biochemistry. in addition, gene therapy has been proposed as a novel and potentially powerful treatment for both inherited and acquired diseases. successful gene transfer and gene blockade generally depend on high efficiency delivery of exogenous dna or rna into living cells, and much effort has therefore been focused on the developme ...	1997	9278227
lipogastrins as potent inhibitors of viral fusion.	the rate and extent of membrane fusion is markedly sensitive to membrane interfacial properties. lipopeptides with hydrophilic peptide moieties will insert into membranes, leaving the peptide portion at the membrane-water interface. in this work, we have used a lipopeptide composed of the peptide [nle15]-gastrin-(2-17)-amide covalently linked to 1,2-diacyl-3-mercaptoglycerol-n(alpha)-maleoyl-beta-alanine to give dm-gastrin or dp-gastrin having 14 or 16 carbon atom acyl chains, respectively. the ...	1997	9271268
a 45,000-m(r) glycoprotein in the sendai virus envelope triggers virus-cell fusion.	sendai virus envelopes devoid of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase but containing the fusion protein (f-virosomes) were prepared. f-virosomes exhibited discernible serine protease activity at neutral ph. electrophoretic analysis of the protein profile of the f-virosomes under nonreducing conditions, by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, led to the identification of a previously unknown glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 45,000 (45k pr ...	1997	9261357
matching antibody class with pathogen type and portal of entry: cognate mechanisms regulate local isotype expression patterns in lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract of mice inoculated with respiratory viruses, according to virus replication competence and site of inoculation.	intranasal deposition of sendai virus (sv) in c57bl/6 mice provokes an ab-forming cell (afc) reaction in mediastinal (mln) and cervical lymph nodes (cln), which drain the lungs and upper respiratory tract, respectively. while the majority of afc elicited by infectious sv at both sites produced igg, the cln response to sv rendered inactive in replication was restricted almost entirely to iga, although isotype switching in mediastinal continued to be skewed heavily to igg. however, in vitro restim ...	1997	9257854
prevention of graft coronary arteriosclerosis by antisense cdk2 kinase oligonucleotide.	graft coronary arteriosclerosis, which limits the long-term survival of allograft recipients, is characterized by diffuse intimal thickening composed of proliferative smooth muscle cells. we observed that messenger rna of the cell cycle regulatory enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 kinase, which mediates smooth muscle cell proliferation, was elevated in the thickened intima of coronary arteries of murine heterotopic cardiac allografts. we studied the effects of antisense phosphorothioate oli ...	1997	9256282
oligonucleotide therapeutics--novel cardiovascular targets.		1997	9256269
macrophages and respiratory viruses.	this review highlights some of the interactions between alveolar macrophages and human/swine influenza a viruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), bovine parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). in influenza a infection, macrophage-cytokines are believed to mediate the typical constitutional effects and inflammation in the respiratory tract. the same cytokines possibly play a role in influenz ...	1997	9247041
inter- and intra-patient sequence diversity among parainfluenza virus-type 1 nucleoprotein genes.	parainfluenza viruses (piv) have been categorized into four discrete types (types 1-4), based on antigenic similarities. here is described an evaluation of nucleoprotein (np) sequence variability among nine patients infected with the type 1 virus. the examination of short segments of the np sequence was sufficient to define significant variability both within and between patient samples. these data, in conjunction with previous studies of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion protein sequences ...	1997	9237355
plasmodium falciparum: transport of entantiomers of nucleosides into sendai-treated trophozoites.		1997	9225774
experimental bronchiolitis obliterans induced by in vivo hvj-liposome-mediated endothelin-1 gene transfer.	bronchiolitis obliterans (ob) is a lesion that results when injury to small conducting airways is repaired by a proliferation of fibrous granulation tissue. bronchiolitis obliterans has emerged as a main cause of morbidity and mortality in the setting of lung and heart-lung transplantation. endothelin-1 (et-1), initially discovered as a vasoconstrictive peptide, has a mitogenic activity on vascular smooth cells and airway epithelial cells. overproduction of endothelin has been reported in patien ...	1997	9205148
prevalence of antibodies against respiratory viruses (parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus, reovirus and adenovirus) in relation to productivity in syrian awassi sheep.	awassi sheep sera from all the provinces of the syrian arab republic were tested for rsv, p13, reo and adeno viruses (iif and agid tests). rsv was the most prevalent infection with 63.6% of samples seropositive, followed by reo, p13 and adenovirus with seroprevalences of 27.3%, 24% and 8.1% respectively. animals were more frequently infected by rsv alone. mixed infections were also identified but the occurrence was not high. the rsv and reo virus infections occurred more frequently when transhum ...	1997	9203308
natural and experimental infection of turkeys with avian paramyxovirus-7.	avian paramyxovirus-7 was isolated from a natural outbreak of respiratory tract disease in male and female commercial turkey breeder flocks. the disease spread readily between different housing complexes. the virus was isolated from affected flocks and used for experimental studies in specific-pathogen-free poults. inoculated and contact-exposed poults developed a respiratory disease characterized by rhinitis and airsacculitis. the virus was isolated from the inoculated and contact-exposed poult ...	1997	9201395
phosphorylation of sendai virus phosphoprotein by cellular protein kinase c zeta.	the phosphoproteins (p) of nonsegmented negative strand rna viruses are viral rna polymerase subunits involved in both transcription and replication during the virus life cycle. phosphorylation of p proteins in several negative strand rna viruses by specific cellular kinases was found to be required for p protein function. in the present study, using bacterially expressed unphosphorylated p protein of sendai virus, a mouse parainfluenza virus, we have shown that the major cellular kinase that ph ...	1997	9195969
sendai virus efficiently infects cells via the asialoglycoprotein receptor and requires the presence of cleaved f0 precursor proteins for this alternative route of cell entry.	biochemical evidence suggests that the asialoglycoprotein receptor (asgp-r) can be used as an alternative receptor for a temperature-sensitive sendai virus (sv) mutant. we now have investigated this possible alternative route of infection for sv wild-type (sv-wt) strain fushimi by using a pair of cell lines which differ only with regard to asgp-r expression. infection studies after enzymatic destruction of conventional sialic acid-containing sv receptors (sa-r) revealed that only asgp-r-expressi ...	1997	9188621
genome nucleotide lengths that are divisible by six are not essential but enhance replication of defective interfering rnas of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5.	for some members of the paramyxoviridae family of negative strand rna viruses, efficient genome replication only occurs when the total genome length is a multiple of six (6n length, where n is any integer). to determine if this "rule of six" requirement applied to the replication of the prototype paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5), defective interfering (di) rna genomes were generated by sequential undiluted passage of virus in tissue culture. molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis o ...	1997	9185598
experimental infections with some pneumotropic viruses in the mouse. note ii. virological and pathomorphological aspects of experimental associated infections with parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in the mouse.	associated infections with long-strain parainfluenza virus type 3, adenovirus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus were experimentally induced in white mice. they were pointed out by the appearance of homologous serum antibodies, positive if reactions in the pulmonary tissue, and histological, histochemical and histoenzymatic lesions, which were more severe than those of controls infected with single virus of those mentioned above, since they involved wider areas and had a high frequency. the ...	1995	9179966
antiviral substance from silkworm faeces: purification and its chemical characterization.	in a previous paper, we reported that an extract of silkworm faeces has a marked antiviral activity on enveloped viruses, but not on a non-enveloped virus, and we showed that it inhibits the synthesis of a viral specific gene of hvj (sendai virus) without affecting the viral adsorption and entry into the host cell. in this paper, we accomplished the purification of an antiviral active substance by extraction of a hydrophobic substance and thin layer chromatography. the active substance was found ...	1997	9178937
the bovine parainfluenza virus type-3 (bpiv-3) hemagglutinin/neuraminidase glycoprotein expressed in baculovirus protects calves against experimental bpiv-3 challenge.	despite the availability of numerous vaccine schedules, "shipping fever", an acute bronchopneumonia brought on in part by a complex of bovine respiratory viruses, remains a major source of economic loss in the beef and dairy industries. we are exploring new strategies of bovine vaccine design which we hope may provide more effective and more cost-efficient control of these pathogens. in this report, we examined the possible use of subunit vaccines, using as an example the hemagglutinin/neuramini ...	1997	9178475
in vivo gene transfection of human endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in cardiomyocytes causes apoptosis-like cell death. identification using sendai virus-coated liposomes.	nitric oxide (no) has various actions on the cardiovascular system, although its pathophysiological significance in myocardial cells remains obscure. the aim of the present study was to identify direct no actions on cardiomyocytes by gene transfection in vivo using a newly developed vector under physiological conditions.	1997	9170408
effects of dexamethasone on acute virus-induced airway dysfunction in adult rats.	respiratory viral infections have been associated with airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness, and exacerbations of asthma. although virus-induced asthma is thought to be precipitated by airway inflammation, the clinical efficacy and rationale for using antiinflammatory treatment during such exacerbations remains controversial. the purpose of this study was to use a well characterized animal model of respiratory viral illness to test the hypothesis that the inflammatory response to viral inf ...	1997	9167201
molecular basis of proteolytic activation of sendai virus infection and the defensive compounds for infection.	it has been proposed that the pathogenicity of sendai virus is primarily determined by a host cellular protease(s) that activates viral infectivity by proteolytic cleavage of envelope fusion glycoproteins. we isolated a trypsin-like serine protease, tryptase clara, localized in and secreted from clara cells of the bronchial epithelium of rats. the enzyme specifically cleaved the precursor of fusion glycoprotein f0 of sendai virus at residue arg116 in the consensus cleavage motif, gln(glu)-x-arg, ...	1997	9165079
intranasal sendai virus vaccine protects african green monkeys from infection with human parainfluenza virus-type one.	human parainfluenza virus-type i (hpiv-1) infections are a common cause of "group" and hospitalizations among young children. here we address the possibility of using the xenotropic sendai virus [a mouse parainfluenza virus (piv)] as a vaccine for hpiv-1. sendai virus was administered to six african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) by the intranasal (i.n.) route. a long lasting virus-specific antibody response was elicited, both in the serum and nasal cavity. sendai virus caused no apparen ...	1997	9160521
attenuation of airway hyperresponsiveness during acute viral infection using the 21-aminosteroid u-83836e in rats.	respiratory viral infections have been associated with exacerbations of asthma in humans, and are known to produce airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness in rats. virus-induced airway dysfunction may result in part from inflammatory cells and their products, and agents that target these mechanisms might therefore attenuate viral airway injury. the 21-aminosteroid class of drugs has been reported to attenuate tissue injury in a variety of models, and we hypothesized that u-83836e, an orally-a ...	1996	9160409
mhc class i presentation of live and heat-inactivated sendai virus antigen in t2kb cells depends on an intracellular compartment with endosomal characteristics.	t2kb cells, which do not express tap1/2 peptide transporters or the low molecular weight protein 2/7 (lmp2/7) proteasomal subunits, can still process and present both live and heat-inactivated sendai virus (sv). as this operation may also reflect the existence of an alternative processing pathway in normal antigen-presenting cells (apc), the authors have characterized it using intracellular inhibitors and anti-kb monoclonal antibodies (moabs). from the results with lipophilic amines (ammonium ch ...	1997	9160098
ribavirin therapy in bone marrow transplant recipients with viral respiratory tract infections.	treatment with ribavirin was instituted in 12 allogeneic and one autologous bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients with proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza b virus or parainfluenza virus infections. rsv was diagnosed in six cases, influenza b virus in four and parainfluenza virus in three patients. ribavirin was given orally or intravenously (15-20 mg/kg/day in three divided doses) and in nine cases with the addition of ribavirin inhalations (6 g/day). three patients required ve ...	1997	9156264
role of sensory neuropeptides in piv-3-infection-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.	viral respiratory tract infections are known to induce transient airway hyper-responsiveness. the role of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic neuropeptide system on virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in the guinea pig. ten guinea pigs were inoculated with parainfluenza 3 virus (piv-3.2 x 10(6) pfu) by nasal route. 16 animals served as untreated controls. viral infection was proven by histological changes and by demonstration of viral antigen using immunohistochemical techniques. f ...	1997	9154673
in vivo direct gene transfer into articular cartilage by intraarticular injection mediated by hvj (sendai virus) and liposomes.	to establish a system for efficient, direct in vivo gene transfer into joints.	1997	9153552
efficient in vivo gene transfer into the heart in the rat myocardial infarction model using the hvj (hemagglutinating virus of japan)--liposome method.	the lack of efficient treatment for myocardial infarction remains an unresolved problem in the field of cardiovascular disease. gene therapy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myocardial infarction. however, current methods of in vivo gene transfer into the heart are limited by their low efficiency and/or potential toxicity. in the present study, we developed an efficient technique of gene transfer into the intact heart in vivo using the sendai virus (hvj: hemagglutinat ...	1997	9152856
pathogenesis of sendai virus infection in the syrian hamster.	young adult male syrian hamsters were inoculated intranasally with sendai virus, then killed and examined at postinoculation days (pid) 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, and 21. evaluation included clinical assessment, histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, viral isolation, and antibody response. inoculated and control hamsters remained asymptomatic throughout the study. there was a focal to segmental rhinitis involving respiratory tract epithelium lining the dorsal and ventral meatus and nasal septum, ...	1997	9150490
[efficacy of an indirect immunofluorescence technique in the rapid diagnosis of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection].		1997	9147513
viral manipulations of the actin cytoskeleton.	viruses succeed as intracellular parasites because of their ability to invade cells and appropriate the cellular machinery required during their life cycle. the actin cytoskeleton of the host cell does not escape viral infection unscathed, but is often co-opted by the virus at many different stages of its life cycle to facilitate the infection process.	1997	9141188
effect of heparin on infection of cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.	to investigate whether heparin has any effect on the growth of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv).	1997	9140556
paramyxovirus-induced syncytium cell formation is suppressed by a dominant negative fusion regulatory protein-1 (frp-1)/cd98 mutated construct: an important role of frp-1 in virus-induced cell fusion.	syncytium formation and subsequent generalized cell fusion have been reported as potentially important mechanisms of virus-induced cytotoxic effects. we tried to clarify the roles of fusion regulatory factor-1 (frp-1) in virus-induced cell fusion. two mutated human frp-1/cd98 proteins [frp-1/hn, in which the cytoplasmic domain was replaced with the cytoplasmic domain of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv-2) haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), and frp-1/330 (serine), in which a cysteine at ami ...	1997	9129649
efficient priming of cd8+ memory t cells specific for a subdominant epitope following sendai virus infection.	the relationship between the primary effector ctl response to viral infection and the subsequent pool of memory ctl precursors (ctlp) is poorly understood. here, we have analyzed the induction of both effector ctl and memory ctlp to dominant and subdominant epitopes following sendai virus infection of c57bl/6 mice. a single peptide derived from the sendai virus nucleoprotein (np(324-332)) binds to both h-2 kb and db mhc class i molecules, generating both immunodominant (np(324-332)/kb) and subdo ...	1997	9126992