Publications

a population genetic analysis of self- and cross-incompatibility in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.).	a population genetic model is proposed for the reproduction of self-incompatible inbred lines in which incompatibility is controlled by 1-4 loci. from theoretical considerations it was expected that: a) with the random matings of lines in, (obtained by self-pollination of n generations), some lines would be cross-incompatible (all the plants within these lines would be homozygous for s-genes) and the rest would be cross-compatible (retain heterozygosity for one or more s-genes); b) in the case o ...	1978	24317368
comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa toxin.	host-pathogen interactions result in complex relationship, many aspects of which are not completely understood. vip proteins, which are bacillus thuringensis (bt) insecticidal toxins produced during the vegetative stage, are selectively effective against specific insect pests. this new group of bt proteins represents an interesting alternative to the classical bt cry toxins because current data suggests that they do not share the same mode of action. we have designed and developed a genome-wide ...	2013	24312604
characteristics of the sucrose uptake system of vacuoles isolated from red beet tissue. kinetics and specifity of the sucrose uptake system.	the uptake of sucrose against a concentration gradient into the dextran-impermeable [(3)h]h2o space of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) vacuoles has been studied using silicone-layer-filtering centrifugation on both fluorometric and (14)c-measurement of sucrose. sucrose transport into vacuoles proceeds partly by an active transport system and partly by passive permeation. the k m(20°c) for active sucrose uptake was found to be about 22 mm and the v max(20°c) was about 174 nmol sucrose x (unit betacya ...	1979	24310973
microanalysis of plant mitochondrial protein synthesis products: : detection of variant polypeptides associated with cytoplasmic male sterility.	a mitochondrial fraction obtained from 0.5 g of leaves was purified on a 0.75 ml percoll gradient and used for an in vitro mitochondrial protein synthesis assay in the presence of [(35)s] methionine. a set of 15 to 20 labeled polypeptides were revealed by autoradiography after sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. this could be applied at an early growth stage by using a few leaves from individual seedlings. it revealed the presence of variant mitochondrially translated polyp ...	1984	24310578
identification of volatile sex pheromone components released by the southern armyworm,spodoptera eridania (cramer).	analysis of sex pheromone gland extracts and volatile pheromone components collected from the calling female southern armyworm,spodoptera eridania (cramer), by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy indicated that a number of 14-carbon mono- and diunsaturated acetates and a monounsaturated 16-carbon acetate were produced. gland extracts also indicated the presence of (z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol. however, this compound was not found in collections of volatiles. field trappin ...	1985	24310218
composition of suberin-associated waxes from the subterranean storage organs of seven plants : parsnip, carrot, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, sweet potato and potato.	the waxes associated with the suberin in the periderm of the underground storage organs of parsnip (pastinaca sativa l.), carrot (daucus carota l.), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica mill.), turnip (brassica rapa l.), red beet (beta vulgaris l.), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.) and potato (solanum tuberosum l.) were isolated, fractionated into hydrocarbon, wax ester, free fatty alcohol and free fatty acid fractions, and analyzed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. the amount of ...	1980	24310190
two forms of α-glucosidase from sugar-beet seeds.	two forms of α-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.20), designated as i and ii, have been isolated from sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) seeds by a procedure including fractionation with ammonium sulfate and ethanol, carboxymethyl-cellulose column chromatography, and preparative disc gel electrophoresis. the two enzymes were homogeneous by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. their molecular weights were 98,000 (i) and 60,000 (ii). α-glucosidase i readily hydrolyzed maltose, isomaltose, kojibiose, maltotriose ...	1980	24310138
influence ofamaranthus hybridus l. allelochemics on oviposition behavior ofspodoptera exigua ands. eridania (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	common pigweed,amaranthus hybridus l., is a favorite host of the beet army worm (baw),spodoptera exigua l. chemicals extracted from homogenized pigweed with distilled water, ethanol, or dichloromethane and sprayed back on pigweed deterred oviposition by the baw. similarly, water extracts of frass from conspecific larvae or southern armyworm (saw) larvae,s. eridania (cramer), fed pigweed leaves and sprayed back on pigweed plants also deterred baw oviposition, thus confirming that deterrence was d ...	1985	24310126
rna interference of a heat shock protein, hsp70, loses its protection role in indirect chilling injury to the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.	the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is freeze-susceptible, in which glycerol plays a crucial role in depressing supercooling point (scp) to avoid the freezing injury. this study focused on a non-freezing injury classified into indirect chilling injury of s. exigua after a prolonged exposure to low temperatures much above scps. exposure to 0 and 5°c for longer than 2weeks was lethal to all the immature stages. among immature stages, eggs were the most susceptible to the low temperature treatmen ...	2014	24309290
chloroplast genome organisation in sugar beet and maize.	the xhoi and smai restriction map of the chloroplast genome from the fertile cytoplasm of sugar beet has been constructed from overlapping cosmid clones. the genome was found to be typical of that of a dicotyledonous species, being 147.3 kb in size and having an inverted repeat. rbcl for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, psba for the 32 kd protein of the photosystem ii reaction centre, and the 16s ribosomal rna were located using heterologous probes. in both sugar beet ...	1986	24307276
atpase and acid phosphatase activities associated with vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.).	phosphatase activities were measured in preparations of vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.). the vacuoles possessed both acid phosphatase and atpase activities which could be distinguished by their susceptibility to inhibition by low concentrations of ammonium molybdate [(nh4)6mo7o24·4h2o]. the acid phosphatase was completely inhibited by 100 μm ammonium molybdate but the atpase was unaffected. the acid phosphatase was a soluble enzyme which hydrolysed a large num ...	1980	24306686
determination of the membrane potential of vacuoles isolated from red-beet storage tissue : evidence for an electrogenic atpase.	the membrane potential of isolated vacuoles of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) was estimated using several methods. the quenching of the fluorescence of the cyanine dyes 3,3'-diethylthiodicarbocyanine iodide (dis-c2-(5)) and 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide (dis-c3-(5)) in vacuoles indicated a transmembrane potential difference, negative inside at low external potassium concentrations. the δψ was found to be-55 mv with two other methods, the distribution of (204)t1(+) in the presence of valino ...	1981	24302383
restriction fragment map of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) chloroplast dna.	a restriction endonuclease fragment map of sugar beet chloroplast dna (ctdna) has been constructed with the enzymes smai, psti and pvuii. the ctdna was found to be contained in a circular molecule of 148.5 kbp. in common with many other higher plant ctdnas, sugar beet ctdna consists of two inverted repeat sequences of about 20.5 kbp separated by two single-copy regions of different sizes (about 23.2 and 84.3 kbp). southern hybridization analyses indicated that the genes for rrnas (23s+16s) and t ...	1986	24302305
effects of two growth retardants on tissue permeability in pisum sativum and beta vulgaris.	the effects of growth retardants, 4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyltrimethylammonium chloride-1-piperidine carboxylate (amo-1618 or amo) and 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (ccc), applied with and without gibberellic acid (ga3), on β-[(3)h]alanine uptake and leakage from pea (pisum sativum l.) and betacyanin efflux from beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) tissue were examined. both compounds decreased the amount of β-[(3)h]alanine taken up into pea leaf discs, and increased the quantity of ra ...	1981	24301150
descriptive parameters for revealing substitution patterns of sugar beet pectins using pectolytic enzymes.	enzymatic fingerprinting was applied to sugar beet pectins (sbps) modified by either plant or fungal pectin methyl esterases and alkali catalyzed de-esterification to reveal the ester distributions over the pectin backbone. a simultaneous pectin lyase (pl) treatment to the commonly used endo-polygalacturonase (endo-pg) degradation showed to be effective in degrading both high and low methylesterified and/or acetylated homogalaturonan regions of sbp simultaneously. using lc-hilic-ms/elsd, we stud ...	2014	24299893
biosynthesis of levan by levansucrase from bacillus methylotrophicus sk 21.002.	a new strain sk 21.002 which could produce intracellular levansucrase was isolated from beet sugar growing soil. it was identified as bacillus methylotrophicus based on the sequence analysis of the 16s rrna and the morphological characteristic. the structure of levan biosynthesized from the levansucrase was determined to be connected through β-(2→6) linkages with fructofuranosyl residues. the molecular weight of the product was between 4 and 5 kda. the optimal conditions to produce levan using t ...	2014	24299864
genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium analysis in elite sugar beet breeding lines and wild beet accessions.	linkage disequilibrium decay in sugar beet is strongly affected by the breeding history, and varies extensively between and along chromosomes, allowing identification of known and unknown signatures of selection. genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (ld) patterns were investigated in 233 elite sugar beet breeding lines and 91 wild beet accessions, using 454 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and 418 snps, respectively. principal coordinate analysis suggested the existence of three gr ...	2014	24292512
comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulp: performance, dewaterability and foam control.	digestion of sugar beet pulp was assessed in relation to biogas and methane production, foaming potential, and digestate dewaterability. four 4-litre working volume digesters were operated mesophilically (37±0.5 °c) and four thermophilically (55±0.5 °c) over three hydraulic retention times. digesters were operated in duplicate at organic loading rates (olr) of 4 and 5 g volatile solids l(-1) day(-1) without water addition. thermophilic digestion gave higher biogas and methane productivity than m ...	2014	24291796
a novel cry9aa with increased toxicity for spodoptera exigua (hübner).	cry9aa, produced by bacillus thuringiensis is reported to be not active against spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm). in this study we have cloned a new cry9aa5 gene encoding a protoxin with increased activity against s. exigua as compared to cry9aa1. when aligned to cry9aa1, four amino acid substitutions in domain i and one substitution in the c-terminal protein extension of cry9aa5 were identified. toxicity of cry9aa5, produced in recombinant escherichia coli was assessed and compared to the acti ...	2014	24286660
environmental assessment of biofuel pathways in ile de france based on ecosystem modeling.	the objective of the work reported here was to reduce the uncertainty on the greenhouse gas balances of biofuels using agro-ecosystem modeling at a high resolution over the ile-de-france region in northern france. the emissions simulated during the feedstock production stage were input to a life-cycle assessment of candidate biofuel pathways: bioethanol from wheat, sugar-beet and miscanthus, and biodiesel from oilseed rape. compared to the widely-used methodology based on fixed emission factors, ...	2014	24280674
transient gene expression in electroporated protoplasts and intact cells of sugar beet.	factors influencing the transient expression of introduced foreign dna in electroporated protoplasts and intact cells of sugar beet were determined by assaying for the activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat), using a rectangular pulse generating system. extractable cat activity depended upon 1) applied plasmid dna concentration, 2) protoplast density, 3) the interaction between pulse field strength, duration, number, time interval between pulses and the resultant effect on culture vi ...	1987	24277462
glutamate and serine as competing donors for amination of glyoxylate in leaf peroxisomes.	when provided with glycollate, peroxisomal extracts of leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l. cv.) converted l-serine and l-glutamate to hydroxypyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate respectively. when approximately saturating concentrations of each of these amino acids were incubated separately with glycollate, the utilization of serine was greater than that of glutamate. the utilization of glutamate was substantially reduced by the presence of relatively low concentrations of serine in the reaction mix ...	1981	24276826
metabolism and decarboxylation of glycollate and serine in leaf peroxisomes.	the linked utilization of glycollate and l-serine has been studied in peroxisomal preparations from leaves of spinach beet (beta vulgaris l.). the generation of glycine from glycollate was found to be balanced by the production of hydroxypyruvate from serine and similarly by 2-oxoglutarate when l-glutamate was substituted for l-serine. in the presence of l-malate and catalytic quantities of nad(+), about 40% of the hydroxypyruvate was converted further to glycerate, whereas with substrate quanti ...	1981	24276825
mg(2+)-dependent, cation-stimulated inorganic pyrophosphatase associated with vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.).	vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) posess a mg(2+)-dependent, alkaline pyrophosphatase (ppase) activity which is further stimulated by salts of monovalent cations. the requirement for mg(2+) is specific. mn(2+) and zn(2+) permitted only 20% and 12%, respectively, of the ppase activity obtained in the presence of mg(2+) while ca(2+), co(2+) and cu(2+) were ineffective. stimulation of mg(2+)-ppase activity by salts of certain monovalent cations was due to the catio ...	1981	24276765
characterisation of a salt-stimulated atpase activity associated with vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.).	ion stimulation and some other properties of an atpase activity associated with vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) have been determined. the atpase had a specific requirement for mg(2+) and in the presence of mg(2+) it was stimulated by salts of monovalent cations. the degree of stimulation by monovalent salts was influenced mainly by the anion and the order of effectiveness of the anions tested was cl(-)>hco 3 (-) >br(-)>malate>acetate>so 4 (2-) . for any given ...	1981	24276764
assessment of glycinebetaine and proline compartmentation by analysis of isolated beet vacuoles.	vacuoles isolated from storage root tissue of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) do not leak significant quantities of betanin, sucrose, na(+) or k(+) during isolation. this indicates that analysis of vacuoles in vitro gives meanigful information about the compartmentation of solutes in vivo. preparations of vacouoles were used to determine the distribution of glycinebetaine and proline between vacuole and cytoplasm in beet cells. both compounds were detected in preparations of isolated beet vacuoles. ...	1981	24276704
synergistic interaction between potato glycoalkaloidsα-solanine andα-chaconine in relation to destabilization of cell membranes: ecological implications.	in studies of the lysis of rabbit erythrocytes, red beet cells, andpenicillium notatum protoplasts by the potato glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine, the latter was consistently the more membrane-disruptive compound and erythrocytes the more susceptible cell type. a 1∶1 mixture of solanine and chaconine produced pronounced synergistic effects in all three test systems. in beet cells, such effects were apparent from an early stage of treatment and persisted over a period of several hours. w ...	1988	24276139
the influence of dietaryβ-carboline alkaloids on growth rate, food consumption, and food utilization of larvae ofspodoptera exigua (hubner).	β-carboline alkaloids are found worldwide in many plant families. harman, harmine, and other simple β-carboline alkaloids were tested for activity against a generalist phytophagous insect, the beet army worm [spodoptera exigua (hubner)]. chronic dietary exposure tests (neonate to pupa) reveal potent antifeedant and possible toxic effects. acute dietary exposure tests on fifth-instar larvae also demonstrate antifeedant activity.	1988	24275994
indigenous and traditional plants: south african parents' knowledge, perceptions and uses and their children's sensory acceptance.	the dietary shift from indigenous and traditional plants (itps) to cash crops and exotic plant food sources increases the risk of malnutrition and other nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, especially in poor rural communities. farm communities in south africa have been associated with poor nutritional status and extreme poverty. itps have been found to be affordable sources of several micronutrients. however, knowledge of and the use of these plants are declining, and little is known ab ...	2013	24274394
activation of plant foliar oxidases by insect feeding reduces nutritive quality of foliage for noctuid herbivores.	the foliage and fruit of the tomato plantlycopersicon esculentum contains polyphenol oxidases (ppo) and peroxidases (pod) that are compartmentally separated from orthodihydroxyphenolic substrates in situ. however, when leaf tissue is damaged by insect feeding, the enzyme and phenolic substrates come in contact, resulting in the rapid oxidation of phenolics to orthoquinones. when the tomato fruitwormheliothis zea or the beet army-wormspodoptera exigua feed on tomato foliage, a substantial amount ...	1989	24271680
nature helps: food addition of micronized coconut and onion reduced worm load in horses and sheep and increased body weight in sheep.	intense laboratory tests on experimentally infected mice and rats had shown that a mixture of micronized onions and coconut pulp decreases substantially (until disappearance) the worm load (trematodes, cestodes and nematodes) after oral uptake. as a consequence, feeding experiments of naturally infected sheep had been done in egypt, in saudi arabia, and in germany, which showed that treated animals grow up much better than untreated ones. the mean gain of body weight per animal was up to 6 kg wi ...	2014	24271156
nacl-stimulated proton efflux and cell expansion in sugar-beet leaf discs.	the expansion of illuminated sugar-beet leaf discs floating on aqueous solutions is stimulated by 10 mm nacl. during expansion, protons are pumped out of the cell and nacl increases this proton flux by about 40%. the nett flux of k(+) and na(+) into the discs was also evaluated. during the expansion period k(+) decreases while na(+) increases markedly. the results indicate the existence of a sodium-stimulated proton pump which is active during cell enlargement.	1983	24264537
analysis and field evaluation of volatile blend emitted by calling virgin females of beet armyworm moth,spodoptera exigua (hübner).	the volatile blend emitted by calling virgin beet armyworm females was collected and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. five compounds were detected and identified in this blend: (z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (z)-9-tetradecen-l-ol, (z,e)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (z,z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (z)-l 1-hexadecenyl acetate. they were emitted in a ratio of 47.9 ∶4.0∶40.2 ∶6.5 ∶ 1.7, respectively. this five-component blend and several other blends with one or m ...	1990	24263438
isolation and identification of allelochemicals that attract the larval parasitoid,cotesia marginiventris (cresson), to the microhabitat of one of its hosts.	volatiles released from corn seedlings on which beet armyworm larvae were feeding were attractive to females of the parasitoid,cotesia marginiventris (cresson), in flight tunnel bioassays. analyses of the collected volatiles revealed the consistent presence of 11 compounds in significant amounts. they were: (z)-3-hexenal, (e)-2-hexenal, (z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (z)- 3-hexen-1-yl acetate, linalool, (3e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, indole, α-trans-bergamotene, (e)-β-farnesene, (e)-nerolidol, and (3e,7 ...	1991	24258602
ultrastructural and histochemical studies on guard cells.	serial thick sections of guard cells from vicia faba l., nicotiana tabacum l., allium cepa l., zea mays l. and beta vulgaris l. were obtained systematically (600-800 nm) and viewed with the transmission electron microscope in an effort to demonstrate the presence or absence of a symplastic transport pathway within the stomatal complex. eight to ten stomata from each species were examined, and no continuous plasmodesmata were found connecting guard cells to sister guard cells or to adjacent epide ...	1984	24258415
membrane-potential changes in vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.).	the membrane potential in vacuoles isolated from storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) has been studied by following changes in the fluorescence of the dye 3,3'-diethylthiodicarbocyanine iodide, and by determining the uptake of the lipophilic triphenylmethylphosphonium cation. the vacuoles have a membrane potential, internal negative, which is estimated to be around-60 mv. these potentials become less negative by nearly 10 mv on addition of atp. this atp-dependent depolarisation is inhibi ...	1984	24258372
an attempt to use isolated vacuoles to determine the distribution of sodium and potassium in cells of storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.).	vacuoles isolated from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage roots contain na(+) and k(+) but their analysis does not give reliable information about the size of vacuolar pools of these ions in vivo. analyses of isolated vacuoles indicated that between 53% and 90% of the na(+) was located in the vacuole and that the vacuolar concentrations of na(+) ranged between 4 and 45 mol m(-3). calculated concentrations of k(+) in the vacuoles varied between 32 and 72 mol m(-3) but, in contrast to na(+), only ...	1983	24258300
detrimental effects ofcinchona leaf alkaloids on larvae of the polyphagous insectspodoptera exigua.	youngcinchona ledgeriana plants contain two types of alkaloid: indole alkaloids in the leaves and quinoline alkaloids in the root. fromcinchona leaves, a crude alkaloid extract was made, containing the cinchophylline type of indole alkaloids and a small amount of 5-methoxytryptamine. the leaf alkaloid extract exerted a strong detrimental effect on the growth of larvae of the polyphagous beet armyworm,spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera). feeding of larvae on an artificial diet containing the leaf alk ...	1992	24254775
isolation of protoplasts and regeneration of callus from suspension cultures of cultivated beets.	conditions necessary for the isolation and culture of protoplasts from suspension cultures of sugar, fodder and garden beets were investigated. good yields of protoplasts were obtained by treating cells with a mixture of cellulase, macerozyme and driselase enzymes. nutritional requirements of beet protoplasts were found to be quite simple: protoplasts could be cultured in ms, b5 or pgo based media with 0.4 m glucose with the optimum result being produced on km8p medium. plating efficiency (p.e) ...	1985	24254080
gynogenesis in beta vulgaris l.: from in vitro culture of unpollinated ovules to the production of doubled haploid plants in soil.	our study concerns the different stages involved in the production of doubled haploid beet plants by in vitro gynogenesis. a histological study shows that the embryos obtained could come from the oosphere or the antipodals. gynogenesis using male fertile plants gives nearly two haploid plants for 1000 ovules cultured: in this case, the problem is to avoid plating fertilized ovules. the gynogenetic plants obtained display an endopolyploidy phenomenon at the root meristem level while their shoot m ...	1985	24254067
callus formation from protoplasts of a sugarbeet cell suspension culture.	protoplasts of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) were isolated from cell suspension cultures and cultured in modified pgo medium. conditions required for the efficient division of the protoplasts were investigated.the optimal combination of phytohormones was found to be 1 mg/l naa, 0.2 mg/l 2,4-d, 0.5 mg/l zeatin. protoplast division was also considerably stimulated by the addition of 250 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 200 mg/l yeast extract, and 20% v/v conditioned culture medium to the protoplast culture ...	1985	24253880
suspension culture of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.). induction and habituation of dedifferentiated and self-regenerating cell lines.	a systematic procedure is described to obtain habituated cell suspensions from different explant sources of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.).cytokinin habituation occurred spontaneously. auxin habituation could be induced by successive lowering of the external hormone concentration. habituation was reversible and independent of the cell type or explant source. the habituated nature of the cells was lost during regeneration and had to be reinduced by adequate treatments.a method for initiating habitu ...	1985	24253686
spectrophotometric determination of cu(2+) and monitoring of hg(2+) and ni(2+) in some iranian vegetables using 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione.	recently, 6-(2-naphthyl)-2, 3-dihydro-as-triazine-3-thione (ndtt) was synthesized in laboratory and used successfully for the spectrophotometric determination of nanogram levels of cu(2+) in aqueous solution. this reagent forms a specific red complex with cu(2+) ions after the extraction by chloroform at alkaline ph. the absorption of the complex in the uv region (313 nm) is about 8 times as strong as in the visible one (510 nm). mercury and nickel ions form yellow complexes with ndtt under the ...	2013	24250566
sugar uptake into allium cepa leaf tissue: an integrated approach.	allium cepa l. leaves were subjected to enzymatic (pectolyase) and mechanical manipulation in order to ascertain the contribution made by various leaf tissues to the total sugar uptake by the leaf. in order to develop an understanding of the basic anatomy and ultrastructure of the allium leaf and assess the integrity of the tissue before and after enzymatic and mechanical manipulation, a light- and transmission-electron-microscopy study was performed. one outcome of this study was the discovery ...	1985	24249565
selectively fluorinated analogs reveal differential olfactory reception and inactivation of green leaf volatiles in insects.	the role of the alkyl terminus of green leaf volatile (glv) molecules in olfactory reception and inactivation was examined in three diverse insect species: the beet armyworm,spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera); the colorado potato beetle,leptinotarsa decemlineata (coleoptera); and the desert locust,schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), using selectively fluorinated analogs of glvs and electroantennograms (eags). when only the magnitude of the depolarization of the eag is considered (a measure of recep ...	1993	24249373
quantification of insect growth and its use in screening of naturally occurring insect control agents.	in studies of the effects of allelochemicals or other factors on the development of different insect species, comparison of growth-inhibiting activities is difficult using the parameters currently employed. we introduce two new parameters, growth index (gi) and relative growth index (rgi), which can unify the quantification of insect development. this quantification can also eliminate the effects of different growth characteristics due to the genetic differences between insect species. by measur ...	1993	24249129
sugar beet crown borer,hulstia undulatella (clemens) 1: identification and field tests of female sex pheromone gland components.	electroantennogram profiles of saturated and monounsaturated 12-, 14-, and 16-carbon acetates, and 12- and 14-carbon alcohols implicated (z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (z9-14: ac) as a component of the female sex pheromone ofhulstia undulatella (clemens). gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of extract of the female sex pheromone glands showed the presence of z9-14:ac (8.5 ng/female), (z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (z9-14:oh), and (z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (z11-16:ac) in a ratio of 100∶4∶21, ...	1993	24248947
an elicitor in caterpillar oral secretions that induces corn seedlings to emit chemical signals attractive to parasitic wasps.	regurgitate of corn-fed beet armyworm (baw) caterpillars,spodoptera exigua, when applied to damaged sites of corn (zea mays) seedlings, causes the release of relatively large amounts of terpenes by the seedlings several hours later. this plant response could be induced by merely placing the cut stem of seedlings in a solution of baw regurgitate for 12 hr, a response that could not be induced by placing seedlings in water only. regurgitate of baw fed various diets, including a minimal diet of fil ...	1993	24248945
reproduction of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. on transformed root cultures of beta vulgaris l.	transformed hairy root cultures of beta vulgaris l., grown in petri-dishes, were inoculated with a suspension of surface-sterilized larvae of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. larvae developed into both male and female adults. juvenile larvae were hatched from the newly-formed cysts, indicating that fertilization had occurred. results of a glasshouse test showed that h. schachtii did not lose its pathogenicity after being cultured on transformed roots. this technique can be devel ...	1987	24248851
toxicity of linear furanocoumarins tospodoptera exigua: evidence for antagonistic interactions.	the linear furanocoumarins psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin were tested for toxicity to the beet armywormspodoptera exigua (hübner) under short ultraviolet (uvb) radiation. increased dietary concentrations of each furanocoumarin significantly decreased insect larval weight, extended generation time, and induced higher mortality. xanthotoxin was the most toxic, followed by psoralen and bergapten. combining psoralen with bergapten, xanthotoxin, or both resulted in significantly antagonistic ef ...	1993	24248704
sterol conjugates of two phenotypically different calli of beta vulgaris.	steryl glycosides are the predominant form of sterol at 88% of the total sterol in non-betalain producing calli of beta vulgaris. the total sterol decreases and sterol form shifts from steryl glycosides to 97% free sterol upon the transition of non-betalain to betalain producing calli. a substantial decrease in stigmasterol (24α--ethylcholesta-5,22e-dien-3β-ol) and sitosterol (24α-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol) levels is observed during this transition, and alters the ratio of δ(7):δ(5) sterols. spina ...	1987	24248657
clonal variability and light induction of betalain synthesis in red beet cell cultures.	when calli from a green habituated cell culture of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) are transfered from dim-light to high-light intensity, red colored spots appear on the surface. not all cells express the pigmented phenotype, giving rise to variegated patches. the pattern of patch formation is different from one callus to another, although all calluses stem from the same original clone. this clonal variability is an intrinsic property of the tissue and is not affected by light which is only needed f ...	1987	24248443
secondary product formation by cultures of beta vulgaris and nicotiana rustica transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes.	'hairy root' cultures of beta vulgaris and nicotiana rustica were established after roots were induced on plants following infection with agrobacterium rhizogenes. the transformed cultures of b. vulgaris and n. rustica synthesised their characteristic secondary products, the betalain pigments and nicotine alkaloids respectively, at levels comparable with those of in vivo roots from the same variety. betalains were entirely retained inside the root tissue. in contrast, a proportion of the nicotin ...	1986	24248047
sporophytic-gametophytic herbicide tolerance in sugarbeet.	in vitro selection procedures for herbicide tolerance were initially developed in the sporophytic generation of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.), and then tested in the gametophytic generation. the primary objective of our study was to develop and evaluate in vitro techniques for identifying genotypes within heterogeneous seedling populations tolerant to specific herbicides, and to use meristematic cloning procedures to synthesize clones genetically tolerant to the herbicide. seed from cloned select ...	1985	24247387
organelle genome diversity in sugar beet with normal and different sources of male sterile cytoplasms.	mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (ct) dnas from sugar beet lines carrying normal and introduced sources of male sterile cytoplasms have been characterized and compared on the basis of restriction enzyme analysis. normal cytoplasm was shown to contain mt and ctdnas which differed from those of the male sterile cytoplasms examined in the present investigation. on the other hand, four groups of male sterile cytoplasms could be differentiated by their own characteristic mtdna digest patterns, whil ...	1985	24247378
the function of tonoplast atpase in intact vacuoles of red beet is governed by direct and indirect ion effects.	the ph gradient and the electric potential across the tonoplast in mechanically isolated beetroot vacuoles has been studied by following the uptake of [(14)c]methylamine and [(14)c]triphenyl-methylphosphoniumchloride. in response to mg-atp, the vacuolar interior is acidified by 0.8 units. this strong acidification is accompanied by a slight hyperpolarization of the membrane potential, which is probably caused by a proton diffusion potential. in preparations where only a small acidification (0.4 ...	1985	24241621
an improved medium for adventitious shoot formation and callus induction in beta vulgaris l. in vitro.	six sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) lines (gwi-248, spb-11, monohy 55, sms-1, el45 and fc607) were tested for regeneration. shoot cultures were initiated in vitro from naked, sterilized embryos obtained from mature seed. excised petioles from cultured shoots were plated on gamborg's b5 medium and four modified murashige and skoog (ms) media. a medium containing ms inorganic salts supplemented with 0.4 mg/1 n(6)-benzyladenine, 0.1 mg/1 indole-3-butyric acid, ten vitamins and six amino acids, termed ...	1988	24241410
in vitro induction of haploid plants from unpollinated ovules and ovaries of the sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.).	haploid plantlets from male fertile and male sterile sugarbeet plants could be induced at frequencies up to 2.2% using ovule culture. ovary culture on media without charcoal resulted in a similar induction frequency. plant development was inhibited by callus development originating from the mother tissue. when the callus parts were removed and the ovule transferred to a new medium without 2,4 d, callus formation could be inhibited by adding 0.5% charcoal to the medium. up to 6.1% haploids were i ...	1987	24241304
cytoplasmic male sterility and nuclear restorer genes in a natural population of beta maritima: genetical and molecular aspects.	one natural population (f0 generation) of beta maritima situated on the french atlantic coast has been analysed. it was composed of 62% female, 30% hermaphrodite and 8% intermediate plants. the analysis of half-sib progeny (f1 generation) obtained from in situ open pollination demonstrates the cytoplasmic determination of male sterility in beta maritima and the restoration of fertility by nuclear genes. the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) and the chloroplast dna (ctdna) of sixteen f1 plants, extracted ...	1987	24241183
beta chloroplast genomes: analysis of fraction i protein and chloroplast dna variation.	the interrelationships of beta chloroplast genomes have been investigated on the basis of the analysis of fraction i protein and chloroplast (ct) dna. three groups of the chloroplast genomes could be demonstrated by the difference in isoelectric points of the large subunit of fraction i protein. restriction enzyme analysis revealed inter- and intra-specific variations among the ctdnas, which enabled us to detect seven distinct ctdna types. in vulgares and corollinae species, the observed differe ...	1987	24240991
evidence for the involvement of a udp-glucose-dependent group translocator in sucrose uptake into vacuoles of storage roots of red beet.	vacuoles isolated from the storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) accumulate sucrose via two different mechanisms. one mechanism transports sucrose directly, and its rate is increased by the addition of mgatp. the other mechanism utilizes uridine diphosphate glucose (udp-glucose) to synthesize and simultaneously transport sucrose phosphate and sucrose into the vacuole. this group translocation mechanism has also been found in sugarcane vacuoles. as in sugarcane, the beet group translocator ...	1986	24240312
volatiles emitted by different cotton varieties damaged by feeding beet armyworm larvae.	volatile compounds elicited by insect herbivore feeding damage in five cotton cultivars and one naturalized cotton variety were examined by allowing beet armyworm larvae to feed overnight on leaves and collecting volatiles from the plants in situ. of 23 compounds identified from larval damaged leaves, terpenes and lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase-derived volatiles predominated. no pronounced differences in the levels of volatile emission were noted from leaves of undamaged plants of the differen ...	1995	24234527
host-specific recognition kairomone for the parasitoidmicroplitis croceipes (cresson).	a water-extractable host recognition kairomone in frass of corn earworm,helicoverpa zea boddie (lepidoptera: noctuidae), host larvae stimulates antennation by females of the parasitoidmicroplitis croceipes cresson (braconidae: hymenoptera). in addition, when the wasps contact water extracts of host frass they will subsequently fly in a flight tunnel to odor associated with the extract. contact with water extracts of cowpea leaves or with water extracts of frass from larvae of nonhost beet armywo ...	1995	24233823
hormone-free medium will support callus production and subsequent shoot regeneration from whole plant leaf explants in some sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) populations.	sugarbeet plants representing 14 of 16 germplasm sources (4 to 5 plants per source) produced callus from leaf disks on a hormone-free murashige and skoog based medium. overall, 49.2% of explants from partially expanded leaves of whole plants initiated callus (53 of 74 plants tested), in an average time of 96.7 days. the time to callus was considerably longer than the 4-6 weeks observed when 1 mg/l n(6)-benzyladenine has been used in the medium. shoots were regenerated on the hormone-free medium ...	1989	24233142
stable transformation of sugarbeet protoplasts by electroporation.	conditions were optimized for the culture, antibiotic selection and stable transformation by electroporation of suspension culture protoplasts of sugarbeet,beta vulgaris l.. highest plating efficiencies (up to 65% at day 21) were obtained if protoplasts were cultured in pgo salts (de greef and jacobs, 1979) supplemented with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-d, 0.01 mg/l bap and 9% mannitol, and in 0.6% agarose rather than in liquid medium. sensitivity to kanamycin also depended on whether protoplasts were cultured ...	1989	24232987
the regulation of turgor pressure during sucrose mobilisation and salt accumulation by excised storage-root tissue of red beet.	the changes in turgor pressure that accompany the mobilisation of sucrose and accumulation of salts by excised disks of storage-root tissue of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) have been investigated. disks were washed in solutions containing mannitol until all of their sucrose had disappeared and then were transferred to solutions containing 5 mol·m(-3) kcl+5 mol·m(-3) nacl in addition to the mannitol. changes in solute contents, osmotic pressure and turgor pressure (measured with a pressure probe) w ...	1987	24232965
the influence of atmospheric humidity on leaf expansion in beta vulgaris l.	humidity effects on leaf expansion in sugar beets (beta vulgaris l.) were explored using linear variable differential transducers. in continuous light, an increase in relative humidity (rh) from 35 to 61 or 75% resulted in a rapid increase in leaf extension which was maintained for 10-15 min before slowing down. increasing rh from 35 to 85% increased leaf-extension rate (ler) in light and in dark and substantially diminished the ratio of dark ler to light ler, showing that high humidity can offs ...	1987	24232963
direct gene transfer to plant protoplasts by electroporation by alternating, rectangular and exponentially decaying pulses.	the efficiency of electroporation of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) protoplasts by alternating, rectangular and exponentially decaying pulses was studied by assaying transient expression of an introduced gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. a simple device for electroporation by alternating current was constructed. the mains (220 v) were used as power supply and the pulse duration was controlled by the blow-out of a small fuse. electroporation of sugar be ...	1990	24232921
phenotypic polymorphism and allele differentiation of isozymes in fodder beet, multigerm sugar beet and monogerm sugar beet.	thirteen enzymes (mdh, sdh, lap, pgm, px, idh, gpi, 6pgd, aph, got, gdh, me and sod) of 3 cultivated beet (b. vulgaris l.) gene pools, comprising 12 accessions of fodder beet, 11 of old multigerm sugar beet and 10 of modern monogerm sugar beet, were investigated using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. eleven accessions of primitive or wild b. vulgaris were also included for the comparison of isozymes. variation in isozyme phenotypes was investigated to detect diversity in the three cultivat ...	1989	24232806
a specific rearrangement of mitochondrial dna induced by tissue culture.	the induction, growth and regeneration of sugar beet callus to whole plants were all found to be highly genotype-specific. regenerants of one line (of sterile cytoplasm) were obtained and a study of the chloroplast and mitochondrial dna in these somaclones was undertaken by gel electrophoresis and cosmid hybridization. in one somaclone a rearrangement in the mitochondrial genome was observed; the novel arrangement of this part of the genome was identical to the corresponding area of the genome o ...	1989	24232792
salt tolerant sugarbeet progeny from tissue cultures challenged with multiple salts.	lines of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) tolerant of multiple salts was accomplished by an in vitro multiple salt challenge. petioles were placed on rv medium amended with 5 different salts along with murashige and skoog base salts for one month. surviving shoots were cultured on rv medium to obtain petioles for subsequent challenges. during the first, second and third challenges, organogenically regenerated shoots developed from 5%, 46%, and 80% of the petioles, respectively. after the third multi ...	1990	24232777
phenotypic and karyotypic status of beta vulgaris plants regenerated from direct organogenesis in petiole culture.	a method for high frequency in vitro regeneration from petiole explants was tested on nine breeding lines of beta vulgaris l. from the haploid, diploid and tetraploid levels. regenerants could be obtained without a callus step, from excised petioles derived either from axillary buds sprouted in vitro or from field grown plants, by plating the explants on ms medium supplemented with tiba (2,3,5-triiodobenzoïc acid) and bap (6-benzylaminopurine). the multiple shoots obtained were then rooted in vi ...	1989	24232710
minicircle variation in beta mitochondrial dna.	mitochondrial dnas from nine male fertile and eight cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) accessions of wild and cultivated beta beets were investigated for the presence of low molecular weight dna molecules. five different supercoiled dna molecules were detected, varying in size from 1.33 to 1.63 kb. southern hybridizations revealed multimeric forms and sequence homologies between the minicircles. the occurrence of the different minicircles among the 17 accessions was investigated by agarose gel elect ...	1989	24232610
structure of the mitochondrial genome of beta vulgaris l.	the structure of mitochondrial dna (mt-dna) from sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) has been studied by biochemical methods and electron microscopy. it was found to be complex multipartite consisting of two main classes of molecules: high molecules weight (hmw) mtdna and low molecular weight (lmw) mtdna. the hmw mtdna consists of rosette-like structures and globules resembling chromomeres (150-200nm). a typical rosette has a protein core and radially stemming closed dna loops (from 0.6-1.5 μm). the nu ...	1988	24232354
monosomic additions in beet (beta vulgaris) carrying extra chromosomes of b. procumbens : 2. effects of the alien chromosomes on in vivo and in vitro plant development.	alien monosomic additions in beet (beta vulgaris), each carrying one of the nine chromosomes of b. procumbens, were grown in vivo and in vitro to study the effect of the alien chromosomes on plant development. all additional chromosomes caused a reduction of the growth rate in vivo, which, in one case was so strong that some of the plants died as seedlings. in general, the morphological plant characteristics were not very useful to distinguish the addition types; this could have been the results ...	1988	24232341
monosomic additions in beet (beta vulgaris) carrying extra chromosomes of beta procumbens : 1. identification of the alien chromosomes with the help of isozyme markers.	eleven isozyme systems were used to identify the extra chromosomes, originating from beta procumbens, in progenies of 33 monosomic additions in beet (b. vulgaris). nine groups of monosomic additions could be distinguished, representing the nine different chromosome types of b. procumbens.	1988	24232280
effects of fusicoccin and abscisic acid on glucose uptake into isolated beetroot protoplasts.	uptake of glucose, 3-o-methylglucose and sucrose into beetroot protoplasts is considerably stimulated by 10(-6)m fusicoccin. this effect is decreased in the presence of 10mm na(+) or k(+), 2 mm mg(2+) or ca(2+). whereas fusicoccin causes no change in the ph-optimum of the sugar uptake (ph 5.0), the apparent km of this uptake which obeys a biphasic kinetics is decreased by the action of fusicoccin. in the protoplast suspension, fusicoccin induces an acidification which is suppressed by uncoupling ...	1987	24227331
a new cytoplasmic male sterile genotype in the sugar beet beta vulgaris l.: a molecular analysis.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from fertile (n) and possibly new cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) genotypes was studied in the sugar beet beta vulgaris l. it was found by restriction endonuclease analysis that bmc-cms, a cytoplasm that was derived from the wild beet beta maritima, contained a unique type of mtdna which is distinguishable from both the n and s-cms, the only other cms genotype that is currently availabe in b. vulgaris l. the organization of three genes: coxi, coxii and cob, was analyzed ...	1989	24227158
exogenous jasmonates simulate insect wounding in tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum) in the laboratory and field.	wounding increases the levels and activities of several defense-related proteins in the foliage of the tomato plant,lycopersicon esculentum mill. evidence indicates that two of these responses, the systemic increases in polyphenol oxidase and proteinase inhibitors, are regulated by an octadecanoid-based signalling pathway which includes the wound hormone, jasmonic acid. it is not known whether other responses to wounding are also regulated by this same signalling pathway. in this paper, we show ...	1996	24227107
genetical control and linkage relationships of isozyme markers in sugar beet (b. vulgaris l.) : 1. isocitrate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase and cathodal peroxidase.	five isozyme systems were genetically investigated. the different separation techniques, the developmental expression and the use as marker system in sugar beet genetics and breeding is discussed. isocitrate dehydrogenase was controlled by two genes. the gene products form inter- as well as intralocus dimers, even with the gene products of the icd gene in b. procumbens and b. patellaris. adenylate kinase was controlled by one gene. three different allelic forms were detected, which were active a ...	1989	24227037
the effect of antibiotics on the inhibition of callus induction and plant regeneration from cotyledons of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.).	callus induction and plantlet regeneration from cotyledonary expiants of sugarbeet was observed utilizing two media formulations, ms and a modified ms termed rvim both supplemented with 1.0 μg/ml bap as the sole growth regulator. callus induction was genotype dependent the usda line 8787 produced the highest response for callus induction followed by 'betaseed 4587' and the usda line c600. this order was conserved on both media formulations. shoot induction was consistently higher averaging 32% f ...	1990	24226828
high-rate spontaneous reversion to cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet: a characterization of the mitochondrial genomes.	among the fertile sugar beet lines with nuclear sterility maintenance genes, rf, in a homozygous recessive state, sublines capable of reverting spontaneously at a high rate to sterility were identified. of 24 related fertile sublines studied, 6 were found to spontaneously revert to sterility with a frequency of about 19%. genetic analysis confirmed the cytoplasmic nature of spontaneously arising sterility. reversion to sterility in these sublines was accompanied by alterations in the mitochondri ...	1990	24226745
beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein-mediated protection in sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) protoplasts.	transformed beta vulgaris l. suspension cultures were obtained after cocultivation of sugarbeet cells with agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring a binary vector containing the coat protein gene of beet necrotic yellow vein virus inserted between the kanamycin resistance gene and a ß-glucuronidase reporter gene. protoplasts were isolated both from untransformed cells, and from transformed cells expressing the viral coat protein, and both were then infected with beet necrotic yellow vein virus. com ...	1990	24226708
direct gene transfer to plant protoplasts by mild sonication.	a novel procedure employing mild sonication for transformation of plant protoplasts is described. transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in protoplasts of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) was obtained by a brief exposure of the protoplasts to 20 khz ultrasound in the presence of plasmid dna. maximum levels of cat activity were achieved by sonication for 500-900 ms at 30-70 w electric power (0.65-1.6 w/cm2 acoustic power). this reduc ...	1990	24226704
analysis of dna from a beta procumbens chromosome fragment in sugar beet carrying a gene for nematode resistance.	we have begun to apply techniques for the preparation and anaylsis of large dna segments from sugar beet (beta vulgaris) addition lines carrying a mitotically stable chromosome fragment from b. procumbens that confers monogenic resistance to the nematode heterodera schachtii, with a view towards isolating the resistance gene. dna probes specific for this chromosome fragment were selected, and various methods for cloning genome-specific fragments, including probes from megabase dna separated in p ...	1990	24226582
comparison of chloroplast and mitochondrial dna from five morphologically distinct beta vulgaris cultivars: sugar beet, fodder beet, beet root, foliage beet, and swiss chard.	two cytoplasms, n and s, are used in the breeding of sugar beet, beta vulgaris var. altissima. these cytoplasms can be distinguished by their mitochondrial dna. in an attempt to detect new cytoplasms, we compared the restriction profiles of chloroplast and mitochondrial dna from five different cultivars of beta vulgaris. all restriction patterns of chloroplast dna were identical. with the exception of sugar beet with s-cytoplasm, all cultivars studied showed the same restriction profile of mitoc ...	1990	24226444
transfer of cytoplasm from newbeta cms sources to sugar beet by asymmetric fusion : 1. shoot regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts and characterization of regenerated plants.	for our program on the transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) by cybridization inbeta vulgaris l. (sugar beet), we have developed a procedure for the isolation and culture of mesophyll protoplasts of sugar beet followed by shoot regeneration. a prerequisite proved to be the presence in the media of n-propylgallate (npg), a lipoxygenase inhibitor. sustained divisions were found in all accessions that were tested. plating efficiencies and regeneration ability varied greatly from one experime ...	1990	24226359
construction of beta procumbens-specific dna probes and their application for the screening of b. vulgaris x b. procumbens (2n = 19) addition lines.	beta procumbens-specific dna probes have been constructed by cloning digested total dna in e. coli and screening the resulting recombinant plasmids in dot blot hybridizations with labelled b. procumbens and b. vulgaris dna. four clones (pts1-4) have been analyzed in detail determining their degree of specificity and dna sequence. two clones (pts1 and pts2) with the highest degree of b. procumbens specificity were adapted for the squash dot hybridization with the aim of screening large numbers of ...	1990	24226215
uridine 5'-diphospho-d-glucose-dependent vectorial sucrose synthesis in tonoplast vesicles of the storage hypocotyl of red beet (beta vulgaris l. ssp. conditiva).	tonoplast vesicles were prepared from red-beet (beta vulgaris l. ssp. conditiva) hypocotyl tubers ("beetroot") known to store sucrose. uptake experiments, employing uridine 5'-diphospho-[(14)c]glucose (udp-[(14)c]glucose) showed the operation of an udp-glucose-dependent group translocator for vectorial synthesis and accumulation of sucrose, recently described for sugarcane and red-beet vacuoles and for tonoplast vesicles prepared from sugarcane suspension cells. characterization of the kinetic p ...	1988	24226185
use of restriction fragment length polymorphism to fingerprint beets at the genotype and species levels.	cdna probes have been used to assess genetic variation in beet using hybridisation techniques that detect restriction fragment length polymorphism. probes have been identified which differ in the levels of variation that they can detect (i) within closely related genetic material of sugar beet, and (ii) between sugar beet and a taxonomically distant beta species.	1989	24226017
the permeability of electroporated cells and protoplasts of sugar beet.	a simple method has been developed to determine the changes in permeability of protoplasts and intact cells when electroporated. cells and protoplasts of sugar beet, beta vulgaris l., were subjected to electric pulse treatments of different field strengths, pulse number and pulse duration, and the ability to accumulate and retain the hydrophilic dye phenosafranine was determined spectrophotometrically. results of timecourse studies of phenosafranine accumulation and retention indicated that pore ...	1987	24225918
comparison of the organization and expression of mtdna of fertile and male-sterile sugar beet varieties (beta vulgaris l.).	analysis of minicircle occurrence in different samples of sugar beet mitochondrial (mt) dna invalidates the postulated relationship between cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) phenotype and the absence of minicircle c and d. in high molecular weight mt dna, two types of restriction patterns are found for fertile genomes and only one type for the cms; in spite of the multiplicity of crosses carried out by plant breeders, all the cms varieties analyzed seem to have derived from the original cytoplasm ...	1989	24225822
a new set of regulatory molecules in plants: a plant phospholipid similar to platelet-activating factor stimulates protein kinase and proton-translocating atpase in membrane vesicles.	1-o-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, an ether phospholipid from mammals known as platelet-activating factor (paf), specifically stimulates proton transport in zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) microsomes (g.f.e. scherer, 1985, biochem. biophys. res. commm. 133, 1160-1167). when plant lipids were analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography a lipid was found with chromatographic properties very similar to the paf (g.f.e. scherer and b. stoffel, 1987, planta, 172, 127-130). this lip ...	1988	24221719
rapid hybridization-based assays for identification by dna probes of male-sterile and male-fertile cytoplasms of the sugar beet beta vulgaris l.	methods are described whereby hybridization of mitochondrial (mt) dna with different dna probes can definitely distinguish male-fertile and and male-sterile (cms) cytoplasms of sugar beet beta vulgaris l. we have developed two types of miniassays. (1) comparative methods requiring the isolation and restriction of total cellular dna, hybridization with cloned mtdna fragments from either fertile or male-sterile cytoplasms, and comparison of the hybridization patterns to the fertile-and sterile-spe ...	1991	24221447
cloning of the coat protein gene from beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its expression in sugar beet hairy roots.	expression of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) coat protein (cp) gene in transgenic sugar beet hairy roots was accomplished as a step towards cp-mediated virus resistance. a cdna for the cp gene and its 5' terminal untranslated leader sequence was prepared from bnyvv rna, using two oligodeoxynucleotides to prime the synthesis of both strands. second-strand synthesis and amplification of the cdna were done by taq dna polymerase chain reactions. run-off transcripts of the cloned cdna se ...	1991	24221440
plastid dna diversity in natural populations of beta maritima showing additional variation in sexual phenotype and mitochondrial dna.	plants of two natural populations of beta maritima, characterized by high percentages of male-sterile plants, have been investigated for organelle dna polymorphism. we confirm the two classes of mitochondrial dna variation previously described: (i) mitochondrial dna (mtdna) type n is associated with male fertility, whereas mtdna type s can cause cytoplasmic male sterility (cms); (ii) the 10.4-kb linear plasmid is observed in both types of mitochondria and is not correlated with the cytoplasmic m ...	1991	24221320
genetical control and linkage relationships of isozyme markers in sugar beet (b. vulgaris l.). 2. nadp- and nad-specific malate dehydrogenases, 6-p-gluconate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase, diaphorase and aconitase.	the nadp-specific malate dehydrogenase isozymes were controlled by multiple gene systems. three genes coding for dimeric enzymes segregated in a dependent fashion (nadp-mdh 1, nadp-mdh 2, nadp-mdh 3). a fourth gene (nadp-mdh 4), also coded for dimers, but was not polymorphic in b. vulgaris. a fifth gene (nadp-me 1) coded for enzymes active as monomers. two genes were found to control the main zone of nad-specific malate dehydrogenase: one coded for dimers (mdh 1), while a second (mdh 2) was not ...	1990	24221064
the use of a chloride-sensitive fluorescent probe to measure chloride transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles.	a fluorescence method for the direct measurement of cl(-) transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles is described. this technique utilises the cl(-)-sensitive fluorescent compound, 6-methoxy-1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)quinolinium (spq). this is a water-soluble compound with excitation and emission wavelengths of 350 and 440 nm, respectively. its fluorescence is quenched by cl(-), br(-), i(-), scn(-), no 2 (-) and tetraphenylborate but not by no 3 (-) , so 4 (2-) , iminodiacetate or malate. these effects ...	1988	24220941
intraspecific diversity of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) mitochondrial dna.	mitochondrial (mt) dna, isolated from different sugar beet populations, was analyzed using bamhi and ecori restriction enzymes. it was shown that plants possessing the new mtdna types are revealed among o-type fertilizers quite frequently. among cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) plants, which evolved during cultivation of o-type fertilizers, plants with altered mt genome were found.	1990	24220904
modeling hairy root tissue growth in in vitro environments using an agent-based, structured growth model.	an agent-based model for simulating the in vitro growth of beta vulgaris hairy root cultures is described. the model fitting is based on experimental results and can be used as a virtual experimentator for root networks. it is implemented in the java language and is designed to be easily modified to describe the growth of diverse biological root networks. the basic principles of the model are outlined, with descriptions of all of the relevant algorithms using the odd protocol, and a case study i ...	2014	24218303