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antimicrobial resistance in invasive non-typhoid salmonella from the democratic republic of the congo: emergence of decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta lactamases.co-resistance against the first-line antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole or multidrug resistance (mdr) is common in non typhoid salmonella (nts). use of alternative antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins is threatened by increasing resistance, but remains poorly documented in central-africa.201323516651
display of multimeric antimicrobial peptides on the escherichia coli cell surface and its application as whole-cell antibiotics.concerns over the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms due to the overuse of antibiotics and the lack of effective antibiotics for livestock have prompted efforts to develop alternatives to conventional antibiotics. antimicrobial peptides (amps) with a broad-spectrum activity and rapid killing, along with little opportunity for the development of resistance, represent one of the promising novel alternatives. their high production cost and cytotoxicity, however, ...201323516591
development and evaluation of a novel nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method using one specific primer and one degenerate primer for simultaneous detection of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium.salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium are the most widespread causes of salmonellosis and gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. thus, their simple and sensitive detection is significantly important in biosafety and point-of-care diagnostics. in that regard, although present nucleic acid-based attempts are mainly focused on the detection methods encompassing all salmonella enterica members in a single reaction, serotypes other than s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium are clinically and e ...201323498700
the combination of crispr-mvlst and pfge provides increased discriminatory power for differentiating human clinical isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a major cause of foodborne salmonellosis. rapid, efficient and accurate methods for identification are required to track specific strains of s. enteritidis during outbreaks of human salmonellosis. by exploiting the hypervariable nature of virulence genes and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs), we previously developed a powerful sequence-based subtyping approach, designated crispr-mvlst. t ...201223498194
[phage types recognized within salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in poland in 1996-2007].phage typing carried out according to the well-defined schemes is still recommended as a standard, fast and inexpensive method for epidemiological investigations all over the world to control salmonella infections. however, the method should be in the hands of well-trained staff. this means that it is generally limited to reference laboratories.201223484389
preservative action of 11s (glycinin) and 7s (β-conglycinin) soy globulin on bovine raw milk stored either at 4 or 25 °c.considerable inhibitory antibacterial actions were exerted by the soybean 11s subunit comparable with nisin on the proliferation of total viable count, pseudomonas count and enterobacteriaceae count in bovine milk stored at 4 or 25 °c for 30 d and 48 h, while 7s and lysozyme were much less effective. the maximum magnitudes of bacterial reduction by 11s and nisin were in the range 2-4 log cfu/ml. the proliferation of 3 pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enteritidis and escher ...201323473420
the effects of polymorphisms in 7 candidate genes on resistance to salmonella enteritidis in native chickens.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection is a common concern in poultry production for its negative effects on growth as well as food safety for humans. identification of molecular markers that are linked to resistance to salmonella enteritidis may lead to appropriate solutions to control salmonella infection in chickens. this study investigated the association of candidate genes with resistance to salmonella enteritidis in young chickens. two native breeds of malaysian chickens, namely ...201323472012
the use of near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate techniques to differentiate escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis inoculated into pulp juice.this study shows the application and usefulness of near infrared (nir) transflectance spectra measurements in the identification and classification of escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis from commercial fruit pulp (pineapple). principal component analysis (pca), soft independent modeling of class analogy (simca) analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (pls-da) were used in the analysis. it was not possible to obtain total separation between the samples using pca and simc ...201323470963
effect of steam and lactic acid treatments on the survival of salmonella enteritidis and campylobacter jejuni inoculated on chicken skin.campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis are the most frequently reported zoonotic infectious diseases. the present work evaluated the effectiveness of steam treatment at 100 °c for 8s, a 5% lactic acid treatment for 1 min and their combination for inactivating salmonella enteritidis and campylobacter jejuni inoculated on chicken skin. the impact of each treatment on the total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and the effect of rinsing after contact with lactic acid were also evaluated. residual bacteria ...201323454819
survival of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis in sea bream (sparus aurata) fillets packaged under enriched co2 modified atmospheres.the effect of packaging of fresh sea bream fillets under different modified atmospheres (high levels of co2 combined with n2) on the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis was studied. two different strains of each pathogen were spread over the sea bream fillets stored at either 0 °c or 4 °c for 16 days under standard supermarket lighting conditions (14 h a day). the atmospheres investigated were 60% co2/40% n2, 70% co2/30% n2, 80% co2/20% n2 and air as control. mesophili ...201323454810
salmonella enteritidis is superior in egg white survival compared with other salmonella serotypes.salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype enteritidis is a major cause of egg-borne human salmonellosis. the ability to survive in egg albumen at chicken body temperature was hypothesized to be an important factor involved in the predominant contamination of eggs by this specific serotype. eighty-nine salmonella strains from different serotypes, belonging to 5 serogroups, were incubated for 24 h in egg white at 42°c. the number of salmonella enteritidis strains that were able to survive i ...201323436537
intact but not denatured ovine serum immunoglobulins positively modulate mucosal immune mediators in the growing rat challenged with salmonella enteritidis.immunoglobulins are major glycoproteins that modulate the immune response of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. in the present study, we sought to determine whether orally administered ovine serum immunoglobulins modulate selected indices of mucosal immune function and immune mediators in the growing rat challenged with salmonella enteritidis. rats were fed a casein-based basal control diet (bd; unchallenged). three groups of rats were challenged orally with 1 x 10(7) viable s. enteritidis on day 1 ...201323433493
factors affecting thermal resistance of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis oda 99-30581-13 in shell egg contents and use of heat-ozone combinations for egg pasteurization.infection of laying hens with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis leads to deposition of the pathogen into the albumen or yolk of forming eggs. heat treatment can inactivate internalized salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs, but factors such as the nature and location of contamination may influence the efficacy of thermal treatments. in the current research, natural contamination was mimicked by introducing small inocula of salmonella enteritidis into different locations of shell eggs and in ...201323433367
analysis of pulsed field gel electrophoresis profiles using multiple enzymes for predicting potential source reservoirs for strains of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium isolated from humans.we reported previously on a highly discriminatory pulsed field gel electrophoresis-based (pfge) subtyping scheme for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) and salmonella typhimurium (st) that relies on combined cluster analysis of up to six restriction enzymes. this approach allowed for the high-resolution separation of numerous poultry-derived se and st isolates into several distinct clusters that sorted along several geographical and host-linked boundaries. in this study, 101 se and 151 ...201323429060
hypopituitarism occurring in neonatal sepsis.we report here a case of acquired hypopituitarism in a female neonate with salmonella enteritidis sepsis and cystic encephalomalacia, after prolonged dopamine administration. severe hyponatremia was suggestive of hypopituitarism development and the later was documented by hormonal status. this is the first report of infectious hypophysitis in neonatal age. the careful monitoring of pituitary function should be recommended for septic patients exposed to prolonged use of dopamine.201223426810
increased levels of igg antibodies against human hsp60 in patients with spondyloarthritis.spondyloarthritis (spa) comprises a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases, with strong association to human leukocyte antigen (hla)-b27. a triggering bacterial infection has been considered as the cause of spa, and bacterial heat shock protein (hsp) seems to be a strong t cell antigen. since bacterial and human hsp60, also named hspd1, are highly homologous, cross-reactivity has been suggested in disease initiation. in this study, levels of antibodies against bacterial and human hsp60 wer ...201323424650
dam methylation participates in the regulation of pmra/pmrb and rcsc/rcsd/rcsb two component regulatory systems in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.the absence of dam in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis causes a defect in lipopolysaccharide (lps) pattern associated to a reduced expression of wzz gene. wzz is the chain length regulator of the lps o-antigen. here we investigated whether dam regulates wzz gene expression through its two known regulators, pmra and rcsb. thus, the expression of rcsb and pmra was monitored by quantitative real-time rt-pcr and western blotting using fusions with 3×flag tag in wild type (wt) and dam strains ...201323418573
antimicrobial activity of calotropis procera ait. (asclepiadaceae) and isolation of four flavonoid glycosides as the active constituents.antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts and flavonoids of calotropis procera growing wild in saudi arabia was evaluated using the agar well-diffusion method. a bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude flavonoid fraction (cf3) of meoh extract which showed the highest antimicrobial activity led to the isolation of four flavonoid glycosides as the bioactive constituents. structure of compounds have been elucidated using physical and spectroscopic methods including (uv, ir, (1)h, (13)c-nmr, dep ...201323417281
mlva typing reveals higher genetic homogeneity among s. enteritidis strains isolated from food, humans and chickens in brazil in comparison to the north american strains.salmonella enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a major causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. in this study we used multilocus variable number of tandem repeats (vntrs) analysis (mlva) to discriminate a total of 188 s. enteritidis strains recovered from human (n=67), food (n=61) and chickens (n=60) during a 24 year period (1986 through 2010) in brazil. mlva profiles of the 188 strains from brazil were compared to the mlva profi ...201323416553
efficacy for a new live attenuated salmonella enteritidis vaccine candidate to reduce internal egg contamination.to evaluate the efficacy of a novel attenuated salmonella enteritidis (△lon△cpxr) vaccine candidate (jol919), chickens were immunized through oral and intramuscular routes to reduce egg contamination against s. enteritidis challenge. birds were orally immunized with jol919 on the first day of life and were subsequently boosted in the 6th and 16th weeks through oral (group b) or intramuscular (group c) route, while control birds were unimmunized (group a). the chickens of all groups were challeng ...201423409934
estimation of the rate of egg contamination from salmonella-infected chickens.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is one of the most prevalent causes for human gastroenteritis and is by far the predominant salmonella serovar among human cases, followed by salmonella typhimurium. contaminated eggs produced by infected laying hens are thought to be the main source of human infection with s. enteritidis throughout the world. although previous studies have looked at the proportion of infected eggs from infected flocks, there is still uncertainty over the ...201423398774
on the evolutionary history, population genetics and diversity among isolates of salmonella enteritidis pfge pattern jegx01.0004.facile laboratory tools are needed to augment identification in contamination events to trace the contamination back to the source (traceback) of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis). understanding the evolution and diversity within and among outbreak strains is the first step towards this goal. to this end, we collected 106 new s. enteriditis isolates within s. enteriditis pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern jegx01.0004 and close relatives, and de ...201323383127
temporal changes in the expression of avian β-defensins in the chicken vagina during sexual maturation and salmonella infection.avian β-defensins (avβds) constitute a family of antimicrobial peptides that are critical to innate immunity in chickens, providing protection against microbial pathogens including salmonella enteritidis (se). as apart from the digestive tract another main route of se colonization in birds is via infection of the oviduct and specifically of the vagina, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the complete family of avβds, in the chicken vagina in vivo, to determine whether sexu ...201323381563
pathogenicity of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride-resistant salmonella enterica.salmonella infection causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans but can also result in a life-threatening invasive disease, especially in old, young, and/or immunocompromised patients. the prevalence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant salmonella has increased worldwide since the 1980s. however, the impact of antimicrobial resistance on the pathogenicity of salmonella strains is not well described. in our study, a microarray was used to screen for differences in gene expression betwee ...201323377943
differential protein expression patterns between planktonic and biofilm cells of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 on stainless steel surface.in the present study, the proteome of a strain of s. enterica serovar enteritidis pt4, grown either as biofilm on stainless steel surface or as free-floating (planktonic) in brain heart (bh) broth, was investigated in order to detect the strong differences in whole-cell protein expression patterns between the two growth styles. the proteins extracted from both types of cells were subjected to 2-d page, followed by in-gel tryptic digestion, extraction, subsequent maldi-tof mass spectrometry (ms) ...201323376784
invasive non-typhoidal salmonella infection with multifocal seeding in an immunocompetent host: an emerging disease in the developed world.we report an immunocompetent 24-year-old man who presented with a severe, invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) infection. he presented with lumbar back pain associated with fever and rigours, which had been preceded by diarrhoea. blood cultures grew salmonella enteritidis. an mri scan of his pelvis and spine showed that he had a small gluteal abscess and sacroiliitis. his condition subsequently deteriorated due to the development of a secondary pneumonia and respiratory failure. he was manag ...201323370956
investigation of an excess of salmonella enteritidis phage type 14b and mlva type 4-7-3-13-10-2-2 in luxembourg, belgium and germany during 2010.we investigated an increase of human cases of salmonella enteritidis occurring from august until november 2010 in belgium, luxembourg and germany involving an estimated three hundred laboratory confirmed cases. molecular typing indicated that the increase in luxembourg and belgium was due a particular strain having phage type 14b, mlva pattern 4-7-3-13-10-2-2 and fully susceptible to the enternet panel of antibiotics. mlva and phage typing were found to have similar discriminatory power on a col ...201223362566
dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant clones of salmonella enterica among domestic animals, wild animals, and humans.non-typhoidal salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by salmonella enterica. this work focuses on the identification of salmonella enterica clonal strains which, presenting a wide distribution potential, express resistance determinants that compromise effectiveness of the antimicrobial therapy. the screening was performed on 506 salmonella enterica isolates from animals and humans, which were characterized by serovar and phage typing, genome macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel e ...201323360170
lateral-flow enzyme immunoconcentration for rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes.lateral-flow enzyme immunochromatography coupled with an immunomagnetic step was developed for rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes in food matrices. the target bacteria was first separated and concentrated by magnetic nanoparticles containing the enzyme and directly applied to the assay system to induce an antigen-antibody reaction without any additional steps. the color signals produced by an enzyme-substrate reaction at a specific site on the immunostrip were found to be directly proport ...201323354582
the molecular adjuvant mc3d enhances the immunogenicity of fima from type i fimbriae of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.the fimbriae of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis are used for colonization and invasion into host cells, and have drawn considerable interest because fimbriae can serve as potential immunogens against many pathogenic bacteria that colonize on epithelial surfaces. the purpose of the study is to use a molecular adjuvant, c3d, to enhance the immunogenicity of fima proteins against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.201423352331
salmonella sternoclavicular osteomyelitis in a patient with crohn's disease.we describe a 73-year-old man with crohn's disease and previous sternotomies, who developed salmonella sternoclavicular osteomyelitis subsequent to a salmonella enteritidis sepsis and closed fracture of his clavicle. we include evidence from several cases related to sternoclavicular osteomyelitis, and salmonella osteomyelitis. we continue by summarising the aetologies of these diseases, and risk factors that predispose to them.201323345484
the serotype case-case design: a direct comparison of a novel methodology with a case-control study in a national salmonella enteritidis pt14b outbreak in england and wales.societal and technological changes render traditional study designs less feasible for investigation of outbreaks. we compared results obtained from case-case and case-control designs during the investigation of a salmonella enteritidis pt14b (se14b) outbreak in britain to provide support for validation of this approach. exposures of cases were compared to concurrent non-enteritidis salmonella cases and population controls recruited through systematic digit phone dialling. infection with se14b wa ...201323324254
salmonella enteritidis deposition in eggs after experimental infection of laying hens with different oral doses.the continuing attribution of human salmonella enteritidis infections to internally contaminated eggs has necessitated the commitment of substantial public and private resources to salmonella enteritidis testing and control programs in commercial laying flocks. cost-effective risk-reduction requires a detailed and comprehensive understanding of how salmonella enteritidis infections in hens result in deposition of the pathogen inside eggs. the present study sought to resolve some incompletely def ...201323317864
consumer method to control salmonella and listeria species in shrimp.the purpose of this study was to determine whether the current consumer method of boiling shrimp until floating and pink in color is adequate for destroying listeria and salmonella. shrimp samples were submerged in bacterial suspensions of listeria and salmonella for 30 min and allowed to air dry for 1 h under a biosafety cabinet. color parameters were then measured with a spectrophotometer programmed with the cielab system. twenty-four shrimp samples were divided into groups (days 0, 1, or 2) a ...201323317857
thermal inactivation of salmonella enteritidis pt 30 in almond kernels as influenced by water activity.salmonellosis outbreaks related to consumption of raw almonds have encouraged the scientific community to study the inactivation kinetics of pathogens in this dry commodity. however, the low moisture content of the product presents a challenge for thermal control, because the time required to achieve the desired thermal inactivation of microorganisms increases sharply with reduced moisture content and water activity. in this study, we explored and modeled the heat inactivation of salmonella ente ...201323317853
reactive arthritis following salmonella infection: a population-based study.to study the incidence and clinical picture of salmonella-associated reactive arthritis (rea), as well as other reactive musculoskeletal symptoms and the arthritogenicity of various salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serotypes in the population.201323311895
a review on development of novel strategies for controlling salmonella enteritidis colonization in laying hens: fiber-based molt diets.limiting salmonella enteritidis from table eggs can involve intervention approaches at several levels of the production cycle, beginning at the hatchery and ending at the processing or table egg production facilities. likewise, interventions that limit salmonella enteritidis dissemination can be implemented at various stages during the life cycle of infection of salmonella in the laying hen. however, achieving complete elimination of salmonella infestation in egg products has remained elusive. t ...201323300320
use of plant-derived antimicrobials for improving the safety of poultry products.salmonella enteritidis and campylobacter jejuni are the 2 major foodborne pathogens transmitted through poultry products. chickens are the reservoir hosts of these pathogens, with their intestinal colonization being the most significant factor causing contamination of meat and eggs. effective preslaughter strategies for reducing the colonization of birds with these pathogens are critical to improve the microbiological safety of poultry products. an antimicrobial treatment that can be applied thr ...201323300319
colonization of internal organs by salmonella enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens housed in conventional or enriched cages.more human illnesses caused by salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis throughout the world have been linked to the consumption of contaminated eggs than to any other food vehicle. deposition of this pathogen in the edible contents of eggs occurs when systemic infections of laying hens involve colonization of reproductive organs. in recent years, the consequences of different housing systems for laying flocks have become the focus of international attention from both animal w ...201323300315
inactivation by lemon juice of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes in beef marinating for the ethnic food kelaguen.lemon juice, a major source of acidulant citric acid, is frequently used in the preparation of ethnic foods. raw or partially cooked meats are marinated with lemon juice in the preparation of a popular chamorro dish called kelaguen, which is, unfortunately, strongly associated with foodborne illness outbreaks in guam. we investigated the efficacy of lemon juice in reducing numbers of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes at stationary phase during marinatio ...201323290245
protective effect of mannan oligosaccharides against early colonization by salmonella enteritidis in chicks is improved by higher dietary threonine levels.to evaluate mannan oligosaccharide (mos) and threonine effects on performance, small intestine morphology and salmonella spp. counts in salmonella enteritidis-challenged birds.201323279100
effects of thermosonication on the fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enteritidis in mango juice.in this study, the effects of thermosonication and thermal treatment on escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enteritidis in mango juice were investigated at 50 and 60°c. besides, nonlethal injury of salm. enteritidis after both treatments was also examined. the highest inactivation was attained with thermosonication at 60°c. the inactivation rate was different for both pathogens, and salm. enteritidis was found to be more sensitive to thermosonication than e. coli o157:h7. salmonella enteriti ...201323278854
a weibull model to describe antimicrobial kinetics of oregano and lemongrass essential oils against salmonella enteritidis in ground beef during refrigerated storage.the antimicrobial effect of oregano (origanum vulgare l.) and lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus (dc.) stapf.) essential oils (eos) against salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in in vitro experiments, and inoculated in ground bovine meat during refrigerated storage (4±2 °c) for 6 days was evaluated. the weibull model was tested to fit survival/inactivation bacterial curves (estimating of p and δ parameters). the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) value for both eos on s. enteritidis was 3. ...201323273476
growth characteristics of salmonella enteritidis in pasteurized and unpasteurized liquid egg products.growth characteristics of a four-strain cocktail of salmonella enteritidis in commercial products of pasteurized and unpasteurized liquid whole egg were studied with a growth model developed by us. the unpasteurized product contained total bacteria at 10(7.3) cfu/g, but no salmonella. when the products were spiked with salmonella at various doses ranging from 10(1) to 10(4) cfu/g, growth curves of the pathogen at 24°c were well described with our model. salmonella growth curves at constant tempe ...201223269220
safety and protective efficacy of live attenuated salmonella gallinarum mutants in rhode island red chickens.salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, an important systemic disease of poultry with economic consequences in developing nations. a live attenuated orally applied s. gallinarum vaccine could provide a low cost method for controlling this disease. we constructed s. gallinarum strains in which the expression of the crp, rfc and rfah genes, important for virulence of salmonella typhimurium in mice, were under the control of an arabinose-regulated promoter. we ...201323261043
detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis using real time pcr, immunocapture assay, pna fish and standard culture methods in different types of food samples.several methods for the rapid and specific detection of salmonella in food samples have been described. here, we compare 4 of those methods in terms of assay time, procedure complexity, detection limit, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. milk, eggs and mayonnaise samples were artificially contaminated with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis cell concentrations ranging from 1×10(-2) to 1×10(2) cfu per 25 g or ml of food. samples were then pre-enriched and analyzed by either: i) real-time ...201323246608
tissue distribution, expression, and antimicrobial activity of anas platyrhynchos avian β-defensin 6.in this study, a novel avian β-defensin (avbd) was isolated from the chaohu duck. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene contained a 204-bp open reading frame that encoded 67 amino acids (aa), including a signal peptide of 20 aa, a propiece of 5 aa, and a mature peptide of 42 aa. the homology, characterization, and comparison of this gene with avbd from other avian species confirmed that it was duck avbd6. also, the preproprotein of avbd6 from chicken, goose, and duck was highly conserved ...201323243235
salmonella detection in poultry samples. comparison of two commercial real-time pcr systems with culture methods for the detection of salmonella spp. in environmental and fecal samples of poultry.the efficiency of two commercial pcr methods based on real-time technology, the foodproof® salmonella detection system and the bax® pcr assay salmonella system was compared to standardized culture methods (en iso 6579:2002 - annex d) for the detection of salmonella spp. in poultry samples.201223242148
the effects of polymorphisms in il-2, ifn-γ, tgf-β2, igl, tlr-4, md-2, and inos genes on resistance to salmonella enteritidis in indigenous chickens.salmonella enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the main source of s. enteritidis contamination for humans. among the numerous strategies for disease control, improving genetic resistance to s. enteritidis has been the most effective approach. we investigated the association between s. enteritidis burden in the caecum, spleen, and liver of young indigenous chickens and seven candidate genes, selected on the basis of their critical roles in immunologi ...201223237374
infection cycle of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in latent carrier mice.this work reports the distribution of an oral dose of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) in c57bl/6-bcgr mice, to study its pathogenesis in a latent carrier animal. mice orally inoculated with a high dose of se developed a latent infection characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms in which the cecum is functioning as a "strategic site" of se proliferation, releasing bacteria into feces intermittently over the 4-week study. a sequence of disruptions occurred in the small intesti ...201223210996
a dry-inoculation method for nut kernels.a dry-inoculation method for almonds and walnuts was developed to eliminate the need for the postinoculation drying required for wet-inoculation methods. the survival of salmonella enterica enteritidis pt 30 on wet- and dry-inoculated almond and walnut kernels stored under ambient conditions (average: 23 °c; 41 or 47% rh) was then compared over 14 weeks. for wet inoculation, an aqueous salmonella preparation was added directly to almond or walnut kernels, which were then dried under ambient cond ...201323200663
selection of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from fermented olives by in vitro tests.the present study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from naturally fermented olives and select candidates to be used as probiotic starters for the improvement of the traditional fermentation process and the production of newly added value functional foods. seventy one (71) lactic acid bacterial strains (17 leuconostoc mesenteroides, 1 ln. pseudomesenteroides, 13 lactobacillus plantarum, 37 lb. pentosus, 1 lb. paraplantarum, and 2 lb. paracasei subsp. ...201323200662
production of medium chain saturated fatty acids with enhanced antimicrobial activity from crude coconut fat by solid state cultivation of yarrowia lipolytica.fatty acids profiles and antimicrobial activity of crude coconut fat hydrolysates obtained in solid-state cultivation system with a selected yeast strain yarrowia lipolytica ro13 were performed. a preliminary step regarding extracellular lipase production and solid state enzymatic hydrolysis of crude fat at different water activity and time intervals up to 7 days was also applied. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used for quantification of medium chain saturated fatty acids (mcs ...201323194533
antimicrobial lectin from schinus terebinthifolius leaf.schinus terebinthifolius leaves are used for treating human diseases caused by micro-organisms. this work reports the isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of s. terebinthifolius leaf lectin (stell).201323190078
salmonella enteritidis induced myocarditis in a 16-year-old girl.myocarditis typically presents with non-specific clinical symptoms, and can easily be missed in the absence of a high index of clinical suspicion. myocarditis caused by bacterial pathogens is rare in immunocompetent individuals, more commonly seen following viral infection. although more classically associated with typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, salmonella species are a rare cause of myocarditis. we report a case of salmonella enteritidis-induced myocarditis after gastrointestinal infection ...201223188875
recurrent meningitis due to salmonella enteritidis: a case report from kashmir india.recurrent bacterial meningitis in children is potentially life-threatening and induces psychological trauma to the patients through repeated hospitalization. here we report a case of recurrent meningitis in a one month old baby. the csf and blood culture grew salmonella enteritidis. injection ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were given for 3 weeks. baby became symptomatically better and was afebrile at discharge. twenty eight days after discharge baby got readmitted with complaints of fever and ref ...201323183477
modulation of antimicrobial host defense peptide gene expression by free fatty acids.routine use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic levels in animal feed drives the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. development of antibiotic-alternative approaches to disease control and prevention for food animals is imperatively needed. previously, we showed that butyrate, a major species of short-chain fatty acids (scfas) fermented from undigested fiber by intestinal microflora, is a potent inducer of endogenous antimicrobial host defense peptide (hdp) genes in the chicken (plos one 2011, 6 ...201223166711
the "decline and fall" of nontyphoidal salmonella in the united kingdom.remarkable changes in the epidemiology of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis have occurred in the united kingdom over the last century. between 1981 and 1991, the incidence of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in the united kingdom rose by >170%, driven primarily by an epidemic of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis phage type (pt) 4, which peaked in 1993. measures introduced to control this epidemic included legislation, food safety advice, and an industry-led vaccination program ...201323166188
a 2010 austrian salmonella enteritidis pt4 outbreak associated with a laying hen holding previously involved in an s. enteritidis pt4 cluster: pitfalls of regulatory responses in risk management.we report on an outbreak caused by salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) among 143 participants at a soccer camp in austria in august 2010. the outbreak affected 34 persons, including 24 epidemiologically related cases and 10 laboratory-confirmed cases. food-specific cohort analyses revealed spaetzle (homemade noodles) (relative risks (rr): 2.68; 95% ci: 1.13-6.45), hamburger (rr: 2.70; 95% ci: 1.13-6.45) and potato salad (rr: 2.91; 95% ci: 1.69-5.02) as the most biologically plausible infec ...201223164561
modified-atmosphere packaging of hen table eggs: effects on pathogen and spoilage bacteria.as part of a more comprehensive research activity on the use of modified-atmosphere packaging for the improvement of quality and functional properties of table eggs, the effects of air, 100% co(2), and 100% o(2) packaging were also evaluated on the survival of experimentally inoculated pathogen bacteria (salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes) as well as on spoilage bacteria (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria) on table eggs during 30 d of storage at 4, 25, and 37°c ...201223155038
influence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection on the development of the cecum microbiota in newly hatched chicks.terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and quantitative pcr showed that the cecal microbiota of chicks up to the age of 21 days was dominated by representatives of the orders enterobacteriales, clostridiales, and lactobacillales. salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection caused the greatest changes in the gut microbiota when 1-day-old chicks were infected, compared with the infection of 4- and 16-day-old chicks.201323144133
immunogenicity of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis virulence protein, invh, and cross-reactivity of its antisera with salmonella strains.acellular vaccines containing bacterial immunodominant components such as surface proteins may be potent alternatives to live attenuated vaccines in order to reduce salmonellosis risk to human health. invh gene, an important part of needle complex in type three secretion system (ttss) plays important role in efficient bacterial adherence and entry into epithelial cells. in this work we hypothesize that use of a 15 kda recombinant invh as salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis surface protein co ...201323141708
study of the effect exerted by fructo-oligosaccharides from yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius) root flour in an intestinal infection model with salmonella typhimurium.beneficial effects of prebiotics like inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) have been proven in health and nutrition. yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius), an andean crop, contains fos (50–70% of its dry weight) and, therefore, is considered a prebiotic. commercial fos can upregulate total secretory iga (s-iga) in infant mice, prevent infection with salmonella in swine or enhance immune response for salmonella vaccine in a mouse model. previously, we found that administration of yacon root flour ...201323137694
immunological changes at point-of-lay increase susceptibility to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection in vaccinated chickens.chicken eggs are the main source of human salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection. s. enteritidis infects the oviduct and ovary of the chicken leading to infection of developing eggs. therefore, control in poultry production is a major public health priority. vaccination of hens has proved successful in control strategies in united kingdom leading to a 70% drop in human cases since introduced. however, as hens reach sexual maturity they become immunosuppressed and it has been postulate ...201223133568
[rare complications of salmonella enteritidis infection].we report 64-year old patient who was admitted in icu with left side ileofemoral thrombosis and splenic abscess during salmonella enteritidis infection.200923120852
effect of long-term freezing and freeze-thaw cycles on indigenous and inoculated microorganisms in dewatered blackwater.wastewater treatment in many arctic regions is inadequate, even nonexisting. natural freezing of wastewater in those areas may be beneficial for reduction of microorganisms. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term freezing, and repeated freezing and thawing, on indigenous coliforms, fecal streptococci, and antibiotic-resistant (ar) bacteria, and inoculated salmonella enteriditis and e. coli bacteriophage φx174 in dewatered blackwater. at the end of the long-term freezing ...201223113759
detection of non-pcr amplified s. enteritidis genomic dna from food matrices using a gold-nanoparticle dna biosensor: a proof-of-concept study.bacterial pathogens pose an increasing food safety and bioterrorism concern. current dna detection methods utilizing sensitive nanotechnology and biosensors have shown excellent detection, but require expensive and time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify dna targets; thus, a faster, more economical method is still essential. in this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the ability of a gold nanoparticle-dna (aunp-dna) biosensor to detect non-pcr amplified genomic salmonella ...201223112611
evaluation of a simple blood culture amplification and antigen detection method for diagnosis of salmonella enterica serovar typhi bacteremia.in most areas where typhoid is endemic, laboratory diagnosis is not possible due to the lack of appropriate facilities. we investigated whether the combination of blood culture amplification of salmonella enterica serovar typhi with an s. typhi antigen rapid diagnostic test (rdt) could be an accurate and inexpensive tool for the accelerated diagnosis of patients with acute typhoid in laos. for a panel of 23 gram-negative reference pathogens, the standard diagnostics (catalog no. 15fk20; kyonggi- ...201323100346
impacts of salmonella enteritidis infection on liver transcriptome in broilers.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is an enteric bacterium that can contaminate chicken eggs and meat, resulting in production losses and consumer illness. to provide insight into the systemic metabolic effects of s. enteritidis infection, liver samples were harvested 10-days postinfection from broiler hens. hepatic global gene expression levels were assessed using a chicken 44k agilent microarray. forty-four genes were differentially expressed at a significance level of q value < 0.05. one ...201323097340
characterization of chicken spleen transcriptome after infection with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.in this study we were interested in identification of new markers of chicken response to salmonella enteritidis infection. to reach this aim, gene expression in the spleens of naive chickens and those intravenously infected with s. enteritidis with or without previous oral vaccination was determined by 454 pyrosequencing of splenic mrna/cdna. forty genes with increased expression at the level of transcription were identified. the most inducible genes encoded avidin (avd), extracellular fatty aci ...201223094107
intestinal epithelial responses to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: effects on intestinal permeability and ion transport.salmonella infection of chickens that leads to potential human foodborne salmonellosis continues to be a major concern. chickens serve as carriers but, in contrast to humans, rarely show any clinical signs including diarrhea. the present investigations aimed to elucidate whether the absence of diarrhea during acute salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) infection may be linked to specific changes in the electrophysiological properties of the chicken gut. immediately aft ...201223091155
polyphasic characterization of salmonella enteritidis isolates on persistently contaminated layer farms during the implementation of a national control program with obligatory vaccination: a longitudinal study.since 2007, a national salmonella control program including obligatory vaccination has been ongoing in belgium. in this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates on 5 persistently contaminated belgian layer farms and to examine the potential sources and transmission routes of salmonella enteritidis contamination on the farms during successive laying rounds. a collection of 346 salmonella isolates originating from th ...201223091125
humoral and cellular immune response generated by different vaccine programs before and after salmonella enteritidis challenge in chickens.the poultry industry has a high demand for salmonella vaccines in order to generate safer salmonella-free food for consumers around the world. vaccination against s. enteritidis (se) is vastly undertaken in many countries, although the criteria for the use of live vaccine (lv) or killed vaccine (kv) should also depend on the immune mechanisms triggered by each. in this study, a commercial bacterin (kv) and an attenuated sg mutant (lv) were used in four different vaccine programs (lv; lv+lv; kv; ...201223085366
live oral typhoid vaccine salmonella typhi ty21a - a surrogate vaccine against non-typhoid salmonella?non-typhoid salmonella (nts) is a leading cause of food-borne illness with more than 90 million annual cases and an emerging antimicrobial resistance among the strains worldwide. paradoxically, no vaccines are available against these pathogens. numerous nts strains share surface o-antigens with salmonella enterica serotype typhi. as intestinal antibodies against o-antigens have proven protective against nts in animal experiments, it appears conceivable that the oral whole-cell typhoid vaccine, s ...201223084770
silencing of vamp3 expression does not affect brucella melitensis infection in mouse macrophages.it has been proposed that intracellular pathogens may interfere with expression or function of proteins that mediate vesicular traffic in order to survive inside cells. brucella melitensis is an intracellular pathogen that evades phagosome-lysosome fusion, surviving in the so-called brucella-containing vacuoles (bcv). vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (vamp3) is a v-snare protein that promotes the exocytosis of the proinflammatory cytokine tnf at the phagocytic cup when docking to its cognat ...201223076244
aptamer-based viability impedimetric sensor for bacteria.the development of an aptamer-based viability impedimetric sensor for bacteria (aptavisens-b) is presented. highly specific dna aptamers to live salmonella typhimurium were selected via the cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex) technique. twelve rounds of selection were performed; each comprises a positive selection step against viable s. typhimurium and a negative selection step against heat killed s. typhimurium and a mixture of related pathogens, including sal ...201223075417
a comparative study on invasion, survival, modulation of oxidative burst, and nitric oxide responses of macrophages (hd11), and systemic infection in chickens by prevalent poultry salmonella serovars.poultry is a major reservoir for foodborne salmonella serovars. salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmonella kentucky, and salmonella senftenberg are the most prevalent serovars in u.s. poultry. information concerning the interactions between different salmonella species and host cells in poultry is lacking. in the present study, the above mentioned salmonella serovars were examined for invasion, intracellular survival, and their ability to modulate oxidative ...201223067396
evidence for kelp gulls (larus dominicanus) and franklin's gulls (leucophaeus pipixcan) as carriers of salmonella by real-time polymerase chain reaction.polymerase chain reaction confirmed that two gull species in talcahuano, chile, shed salmonella. fecal samples from resident larus dominicanus had prevalences of 51.2% for salmonella spp. and 26.3% for salmonella enteritidis. prevalences in samples from migratory leucophaeus pipixcan were 75% and 30% respectively. risks to public health may exist.201223060519
evaluating risk factors for endemic human salmonella enteritidis infections with different phage types in ontario, canada using multinomial logistic regression and a case-case study approach.identifying risk factors for salmonella enteritidis (se) infections in ontario will assist public health authorities to design effective control and prevention programs to reduce the burden of se infections. our research objective was to identify risk factors for acquiring se infections with various phage types (pt) in ontario, canada. we hypothesized that certain pts (e.g., pt8 and pt13a) have specific risk factors for infection.201223057531
bacterial coinfections in travelers with malaria: rationale for antibiotic therapy.malaria predisposes children in areas where malaria is endemic to concurrent bacteremia, often with severe outcomes. the importance of bacterial coinfections in patients diagnosed with malaria in nonendemic settings has, however, not been reported. a retrospective analysis of microbiology data was performed in 755 travelers diagnosed with malaria in sweden. bacterial cultures from blood and other locations were correlated to clinical outcome and antibiotic treatment. blood cultures were drawn fr ...201323052321
detection of salmonella enteritidis (se) bacterin in environmental samples from poultry houses using the rapidchek se immunoassay.environmental swabs from pullet houses were tested for the presence of salmonella enteritidis (se) using the rapidchek se immunoassay test. of the 1162 samples tested in 2011, 20 samples were positive, but only two samples were confirmed positive for se by culture. seventeen positive samples were from pullet houses that had been vaccinated with se bacterin 2 to 3 days prior to submission to the lab. this study investigated the detection of se bacterin using the rapidchek se test system. swabs we ...201223050486
draft genome sequences of 21 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a common food-borne pathogen, often associated with shell eggs and poultry. here, we report draft genomes of 21 s. enteritidis strains associated with or related to the u.s.-wide 2010 shell egg recall. eleven of these genomes were from environmental isolates associated with the egg outbreak, and 10 were reference isolates from previous years, unrelated to the outbreak. the whole-genome sequence data for these 21 human pathogen strains ar ...201223045502
[mycotic pseudoaneurysm produced by salmonella enteritidis in a patient with fever of unknown origin]. 201623044283
molecular characterization of salmonella enteritidis: comparison of an optimized multi-locus variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.salmonella enteritidis (se) is a genetically homogenous serovar, which makes optimal subtype discrimination crucial for epidemiological research. this study describes the development and evaluation of an optimized multiple-locus variable number tandem-repeat assay (mlva) for characterization of se. the typeability and discriminatory power of this mlva was determined on a selected collection of 60 se isolates and compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using restriction enzymes xbai ...201223035725
the effect of milk fat globules on adherence and internalization of salmonella enteritidis to ht-29 cells.milk fat globules were extracted from bovine and goat milk and incubated with ht-29 human adenocarcinoma cells to assess the attachment and internalization of salmonella enteritidis. because the expression of bacterial adhesins is highly affected by the presence of antibiotic, the attachment was studied with and without antibiotic in the cell growth medium. although no inhibitory effect of the fat globules was observed in the presence of the antibiotic, milk fat globules significantly inhibited ...201223021758
sanitization efficacy of anaerobic digestion and aeration of slurry from the aspect of limiting emission of salmonella into the environment.the aim of this study was to estimate the usefulness of mesophilic anaerobic digestion and aeration for sanitization of slurry from the aspect of limiting transmission of salmonella into the environment. material for the study was fresh pig slurry. collected samples were subjected to anaerobic digestion at 35°c and aeration with an initial temperature of 35°c. the efficacy of both methods was examined based on determination of the elimination rate and theoretical time of survival of salmonella s ...201223020034
cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis due to salmonella enteritidis in a child with interleukin-12 receptor beta-1 deficiency.defects in the interleukin 12 (il-12)/interferon gamma (ifn-γ) pathway result in mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (msmd). il-12 receptor beta 1 (il-12rβ1) deficiency, the most common form of msmd, is associated with weakly virulent mycobacteria and salmonella. infections in patients with this deficiency are extraintestinal, or septicemic, recurrent infections with nontyphoid salmonellae. here we report a case of an il-12rβ1 deficiency with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis d ...201423004925
inactivation of salmonella enterica by uv-c light alone and in combination with mild temperatures.the aim of this investigation was to study the efficacy of the combined processes of uv light and mild temperatures for the inactivation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and to explore the mechanism of inactivation. the doses to inactivate the 99.99% (4d) of the initial population ranged from 18.03 (salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium stcc 878) to 12.75 j ml(-1) (salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 13076). the ph and water activity of the treatment medium did not change the uv ...201223001665
immunization with outer membrane protein a from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis induces humoral immune response but no protection against homologous challenge in chickens.vaccination of poultry is one promising strategy to mitigate salmonella infection in poultry and, in turn, humans as well. we evaluated the efficacy of outer membrane protein a (ompa) as a novel vaccine candidate against salmonella in poultry. native ompa purified from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was mixed with adjuvant and administered intramuscularly to 41-d-old chicks. the vaccinated birds showed no decrease in cecal excretion and tissue colonization compared with the unvaccinated ...201222991526
bacteria isolations from broiler and layer chicks in zambia.chick mortality (cm) is one of the major constraints to the expansion of the poultry industry in zambia. of the 2,829 avian disease cases submitted to the national diagnostic laboratory based at the central veterinary research institute in lusaka between 1995 and 2007, 34.39% (973/2,829) were from cm cases. the disease accounted for 40.2% (218,787/544,903) mortality in the affected flocks with 89.6% (196,112/218,787) of the affected birds dying within seven days. major bacteria species involved ...201222988514
transposon mutagenesis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis identifies genes that contribute to invasiveness in human and chicken cells and survival in egg albumen.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is an important food-borne pathogen, and chickens are a primary reservoir of human infection. while most knowledge about salmonella pathogenesis is based on research conducted on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enteritidis is known to have pathobiology specific to chickens that impacts epidemiology in humans. therefore, more information is needed about s. enteritidis pathobiology in comparison to that of s. typhimurium. we used transposon mutag ...201222988017
genetic diversity, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enteritidis isolated from food and humans over a 24-year period in brazil.salmonellosis is a major health problem worldwide. serovar enteritidis has been a primary cause of salmonella outbreaks in many countries. in brazil, few molecular typing studies have been performed. the aims of this study were to molecularly type salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in brazil in order to determine the genetic relationship between strains of food and human origin, as well as, to assess their pathogenic potential and antimicrobial resistance. a total of 128 s. enteritidis stra ...201222986188
survival and growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in membrane-processed liquid egg white with ph, temperature, and storage conditions as controlling factors.processing temperature and ph are known to influence the lethality and cell injury in many microbial interventions. a study was undertaken to determine the effects of variations in solution ph and process temperature on the removal and growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in liquid egg white (lew) by microfiltration (mf) membrane process. the effects of various storage conditions on the growth of salmonella in membrane-separated lew were evaluated. pretreated and ph-adjusted (ph 6 t ...201222980004
aptamer-based impedimetric sensor for bacterial typing.the development of an aptamer-based impedimetric sensor for typing of bacteria (aist-b) is presented. highly specific dna aptamers to salmonella enteritidis were selected via cell-selex technique. twelve rounds of selection were performed; each comprises a positive selection step against s. enteritidis and a negative selection step against a mixture of related pathogens, including salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and citrobacter freundii, t ...201222971146
salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs: evolving concerns and innovative control measures.the issue of egg contamination with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis rose to prominence several decades ago with increasing rate of infection around the world. recent outbreaks have assured that this problem maintains a place in the public consciousness. extensive research has been conducted to investigate the factors precipitating contamination events, their avoidance, and mitigation of the threat of contaminated eggs; consequently, regulations have been put in place to increase the safe ...201222958532
serotypes of salmonella isolated from faeces of patients with acute diarrhoea in gwangju area, korea, during 2000-2009.the purpose of this study was to determine the changing pattern of salmonella serotypes causing acute diarrhoea in humans in gwangju area, korea, during 2000-2009. a total of 596 salmonella isolated from culture of 29,896 faecal samples of patients with acute diarrhoea were included in this study. faecal samples were collected from local hospitals and clinics in gwangju area during january 2000-december 2009. the mean annual frequency of isolates for the 10 years was 2.0% (range, 0.9-6.0). the i ...201222958339
a dual tag system for facilitated detection of surface expressed proteins in escherichia coli.the discovery of the autotransporter family has provided a mechanism for surface expression of proteins in laboratory strains of escherichia coli. we have previously reported the use of the aida-i autotransport system to express the salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis proteins sefa and h:gm. the sefa protein was successfully exposed to the medium, but the orientation of h:gm in the outer membrane could not be determined due to proteolytic cleavage of the n-terminal detection-tag. the goal of ...201222943700
salmonella mycotic aneurysm: a rare cause of fever and back pain in elderly.an 85-year-old man with history of hypertension presented with fever, cough and abdominal pain. unfortunately fever and leukocytosis persisted despite treatment. blood cultures obtained on admission grew salmonella enteritidis. subsequently he developed increasing back pain and transoesophageal echocardiography (toe) was performed, demonstrating a complex ulcer at the aortic arch with multiple small mobile strandlike densities suggestive of vegetation. contrast thoracic ct scan confirmed an ulce ...201322918572
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella species isolated from chicken meats produced by different integrated broiler operations in korea.prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella serotypes isolated from 7 chicken meat brands produced by different integrated broiler operations in korea were determined. in total, 210 samples were collected from retail supermarkets in seoul, south korea, and analyzed for the presence of salmonella. of 210 chicken meat samples, overall salmonella prevalence was 22.4%. salmonella enteritidis was the dominant serovar, with an isolation rate of 57.4% from the salmonella-positive chi ...201222912475
prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and relation to indicator and pathogenic microorganisms of salmonella enterica isolated from surface waters within an agricultural landscape.during a 12 month period (june 2007-may 2008), the prevalence and susceptibility of salmonella serovars and their relation to specific pathogenic and indicator bacteria in river and coastal waters was investigated. a total of 240 water samples were collected from selected sites in acheron and kalamas rivers and the ionian sea coast in north western greece. the samples were analyzed for salmonella spp., listeria spp., campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157, staphylococci, pseudomonas spp., tot ...201322901425
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