Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| lethal and pre-lethal effects of a fungal biopesticide contribute to substantial and rapid control of malaria vectors. | rapidly emerging insecticide resistance is creating an urgent need for new active ingredients to control the adult mosquitoes that vector malaria. biopesticides based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi have shown considerable promise by causing very substantial mortality within 7-14 days of exposure. this mortality will generate excellent malaria control if there is a high likelihood that mosquitoes contact fungi early in their adult lives. however, where contact rates are lower, as might r ... | 2011 | 21897846 |
| a review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes. | in patients with malaria mixed species infections are common and under reported. in pcr studies conducted in asia mixed infection rates often exceed 20%. in south-east asia, approximately one third of patients treated for falciparum malaria experience a subsequent plasmodium vivax infection with a time interval suggesting relapse. it is uncertain whether the two infections are acquired simultaneously or separately. to determine whether mixed species infections in humans are derived from mainly f ... | 2011 | 21880138 |
| challenges and prospects for malaria elimination in the southern africa region. | the burden of malaria has decreased dramatically within the past several years in parts of sub-saharan africa, including regions of southern africa. important to effective regional malaria control in southern africa is the appreciation that the reductions in malaria have not been achieved uniformly, with some countries experiencing resurgence. understanding the reasons for sustained low-level malaria transmission in the face of control efforts, why malaria control efforts have not been successfu ... | 2011 | 21871864 |
| Multimodal pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. in western Kenya. | Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. are the most important species for malaria transmission. Pyrethroid resistance of these vector mosquitoes is one of the main obstacles against effective vector control. The objective of the present study was to monitor the pyrethroid susceptibility in the 3 major malaria vectors in a highly malaria endemic area in western Kenya and to elucidate the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in these species. Gembe East and West, ... | 2011 | 21853038 |
| gene flow-dependent genomic divergence between anopheles gambiae m and s forms. | anopheles gambiae sensu stricto exists as two often-sympatric races termed the m and s molecular forms, characterized by fixed differences at an x-linked marker. extreme divergence between m and s forms at pericentromeric "genomic islands" suggested that selection on variants therein could be driving interform divergence in the presence of ongoing gene flow, but recent work has detected much more widespread genomic differentiation. whether such genomic islands are important in reproductive isola ... | 2011 | 21836185 |
| new highland distribution records of multiple anopheles species in the ecuadorian andes. | several recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several african nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector control and local climate. this study attempts to expand the current knowledge of the distribution of common anopheles species in ecuador, with particular attention to highland regions (> 500 m) of the andes. | 2011 | 21835004 |
| elastomeric polypeptides. | elastomeric polypeptides are very interesting biopolymers and are characterized by rubber-like elasticity, large extensibility before rupture, reversible deformation without loss of energy, and high resilience upon stretching. their useful properties have motivated their use in a wide variety of materials and biological applications. this chapter focuses on elastin and resilin - two elastomeric biopolymers - and the recombinant polypeptides derived from them (elastin-like polypeptides and resili ... | 0 | 21826606 |
| influence of the timing of malaria infection during pregnancy on birth weight and on maternal anemia in benin. | abstract. although consequences of malaria in pregnancy are well known, the period of pregnancy in which infection has the highest impact is still unclear. in benin, we followed up a cohort of 1,037 women through pregnancy until delivery. the objective was to evaluate the relationship between the timing of infection and birth weight, and maternal anemia at delivery. at the beginning of pregnancy, peripheral infections were associated with a decrease in mean birth weight (-98.5 g; p = 0.03) and a ... | 0 | 21813837 |
| malaria epidemiology in the ahafo area of ghana. | abstract: background: plasmodium falciparum malaria remains endemic in sub-saharan africa including ghana. the epidemiology of malaria in special areas, such as mining areas needs to be monitored and controlled. newmont ghana gold limited is conducting mining activities in the brong ahafo region of ghana that may have an impact on the diseases such as malaria in the mining area. methods: prior to the start of mining activities, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2006/2007 to determine mal ... | 2011 | 21801344 |
| combining indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets for malaria control in africa: a review of possible outcomes and an outline of suggestions for the future. | insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are currently the preferred methods of malaria vector control. in many cases, these methods are used together in the same households, especially to suppress transmission in holoendemic and hyperendemic scenarios. though widespread, there has been limited evidence suggesting that such co-application confers greater protective benefits than either itns or irs when used alone. since both methods are insecticide-based and intradomici ... | 2011 | 21798053 |
| target product profile choices for intra-domiciliary malaria vector control pesticide products: repel or kill? | the most common pesticide products for controlling malaria-transmitting mosquitoes combine two distinct modes of action: 1) conventional insecticidal activity which kills mosquitoes exposed to the pesticide and 2) deterrence of mosquitoes away from protected humans. while deterrence enhances personal or household protection of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, it may also attenuate or even reverse communal protection if it diverts mosquitoes to non-users rather than kill ... | 2011 | 21798023 |
| wide cross-reactivity between anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus sg6 salivary proteins supports exploitation of gsg6 as a marker of human exposure to major malaria vectors in tropical africa. | abstract: background: the anopheles gambiae gsg6 is an anopheline-specific salivary protein which helps female mosquitoes to efficiently feed on blood. besides its role in haematophagy, gsg6 is immunogenic and elicits in exposed individuals an igg response, which may be used as indicator of exposure to the main african malaria vector a. gambiae. however, malaria transmission in tropical africa is sustained by three main vectors (a. gambiae, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus) and a gene ... | 2011 | 21794142 |
| surveillance of vector populations and malaria transmission during the 2009/10 el niño event in the western kenya highlands: opportunities for early detection of malaria hyper-transmission. | abstract: | 2011 | 21781291 |
| malaria control in malawi: current status and directions for the future. | the last decade has seen an increase in investment and concerted efforts by the malawi ministry of health and partners to control malaria disease. this report summarizes what is known about the burden of malaria and the strategies being implemented to control it in malawi. over the past 5 years, roll out of treatment and prevention efforts have been successful in the country, as demonstrated by increased use of insecticide treated nets, improved access to prompt and effective treatment and the i ... | 2011 | 21763670 |
| is the current decline in malaria burden in sub-saharan africa due to a decrease in vector population? | abstract: background: in sub-saharan africa (ssa), malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum has historically been a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. recent reports indicate a pronounced decline in infection and disease rates which are commonly ascribed to large-scale bed net programmes and improved case management. however, the decline has also occurred in areas with limited or no intervention. the present study assessed temporal changes in anopheline populations in two highly malari ... | 2011 | 21752273 |
| evaluating rnalater-« as a preservative for using near-infrared spectroscopy to predict anopheles gambiae age and species. | abstract: | 2011 | 21740582 |
| outdoor host seeking behaviour of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes following initiation of malaria vector control on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | abstract: | 2011 | 21736750 |
| the influence of mosquito resting behaviour and associated microclimate for malaria risk. | abstract: | 2011 | 21736735 |
| hdv-like self-cleaving ribozymes. | hdv ribozymes catalyze their own scission from the transcript during rolling circle replication of the hepatitis delta virus. in vitro selection of self-cleaving ribozymes from a human genomic library revealed an hdv-like ribozyme in the second intron of the human cpeb3 gene and recent results suggest that this rna affects episodic memory performance. bioinformatic searches based on the secondary structure of the hdv/cpeb3 fold yielded numerous functional ribozymes in a wide variety of organisms ... | 2011 | 21734469 |
| development of environmental tools for anopheline larval control. | malaria mosquitoes spend a considerable part of their life in the aquatic stage, rendering them vulnerable to interventions directed to aquatic habitats. recent successes of mosquito larval control have been reported using environmental and biological tools. here, we report the effects of shading by plants and biological control agents on the development and survival of anopheline and culicine mosquito larvae in man-made natural habitats in western kenya. trials consisted of environmental manipu ... | 2011 | 21733150 |
| conquering malaria: enhancing the impact of effective interventions towards elimination in the diverse and changing epidemiology. | malaria remains a major global disease burden causing just under a million deaths each year, mainly of children and pregnant women in sub-saharan africa. it consumes up to 40% of public health expenditure of these poor countries, causing in africa us$ 12 billion in lost gdp every year. this should not be acceptable since malaria is preventable, and there is clear evidence that optimal use of current tools can reduce much of the suffering and deaths. three major factors allowing this to happen in ... | 0 | 21731304 |
| genome-wide profiling of diel and circadian gene expression in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae, the primary african vector of malaria parasites, exhibits numerous rhythmic behaviors including flight activity, swarming, mating, host seeking, egg laying, and sugar feeding. however, little work has been performed to elucidate the molecular basis for these daily rhythms. to study how gene expression is regulated globally by diel and circadian mechanisms, we have undertaken a dna microarray analysis of an. gambiae under light/dark cycle (ld) and constant dark (dd) conditions. ... | 2011 | 21715657 |
| efficacy of permanet-« 2.0 and permanet-« 3.0 against insecticide-resistant anopheles gambiae in experimental huts in c+¦te d'ivoire. | pyrethroid resistance in vectors could limit the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) because all llins are currently treated with pyrethroids. the goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and wash resistance of permanet-« 3.0 compared to permanet-« 2.0 in an area of high pyrethroid in c+¦te d'ivoire. permanet-« 3.0 is impregnated with deltamethrin at 85 mg/m2 on the sides of the net and with deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide on the roof. permanet-« 2.0 is impregnated with ... | 2011 | 21699703 |
| microbiome influences on insect host vector competence. | insect symbioses lack the complexity and diversity of those associated with higher eukaryotic hosts. symbiotic microbiomes are beneficial to their insect hosts in many ways, including dietary supplementation, tolerance to environmental perturbations and maintenance and/or enhancement of host immune system homeostasis. recent studies have also highlighted the importance of the microbiome in the context of host pathogen transmission processes. here we provide an overview of the relationship betwee ... | 2011 | 21697014 |
| relationship between care-givers' misconceptions and non-use of itns by under-five nigerian children. | malaria has been a major public health problem in nigeria and many other sub-saharan african countries. insecticide-treated nets have shown to be cost-effective in the prevention of malaria, but the number of people that actually use these nets has remained generally low. studies that explore the determinants of use of itn are desirable. | 2011 | 21696622 |
| evaluation of two methods of estimating larval habitat productivity in western kenya highlands. | malaria vector intervention and control programs require reliable and accurate information about vector abundance and their seasonal distribution. the availability of reliable information on the spatial and temporal productivity of larval vector habitats can improve targeting of larval control interventions and our understanding of local malaria transmission and epidemics. the main objective of this study was to evaluate two methods of estimating larval habitat productivity in the western kenyan ... | 2011 | 21682875 |
| field evaluation of the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (iptp) in benin: evolution of the coverage rate since its implementation. | malaria is an important public health problem in africa. pregnant women are a vulnerable population and this disease can underlie an increased risk of low-birth weight newborns (< 2500 g); these women therefore need management during pregnancy. this was previously provided by chloroquine treatment, which, because of compliance problems and drug resistance, was replaced by intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (itpp-sp) with two single doses taken after 16 weeks of amen ... | 2011 | 21679439 |
| Insecticide resistance in malaria vector mosquitoes at four localities in Ghana, West Africa. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21679391 |
| anopheles gambiae odorant binding protein crystal complex with the synthetic repellent deet: implications for structure-based design of novel mosquito repellents. | insect odorant binding proteins (obps) are the first components of the olfactory system to encounter and bind attractant and repellent odors emanating from various sources for presentation to olfactory receptors, which trigger relevant signal transduction cascades culminating in specific physiological and behavioral responses. for disease vectors, particularly hematophagous mosquitoes, repellents represent important defenses against parasitic diseases because they effect a reduction in the rate ... | 2011 | 21671117 |
| calpain chronicle--an enzyme family under multidisciplinary characterization. | calpain is an intracellular ca2+-dependent cysteine protease (ec 3.4.22.17; clan ca, family c02) discovered in 1964. it was also called canp (ca2+-activated neutral protease) as well as casf, cdp, kaf, etc. until 1990. calpains are found in almost all eukaryotes and a few bacteria, but not in archaebacteria. calpains have a limited proteolytic activity, and function to transform or modulate their substrates' structures and activities; they are therefore called, "modulator proteases." in the huma ... | 2011 | 21670566 |
| the contribution of aestivating mosquitoes to the persistence of anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | abstract: background: persistence of african anophelines throughout the long dry season (4-8 months) when no surface waters are available remains one of the enduring mysteries of medical entomology. recent studies demonstrated that aestivation (summer diapause) is one mechanism that allows the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, to persist in the sahel. however, migration from distant localities - where reproduction continues year-round - might also be involved. methods: to assess the c ... | 2011 | 21645385 |
| changing patterns of malaria epidemiology between 2002 and 2010 in western kenya: the fall and rise of malaria. | the impact of insecticide treated nets (itns) on reducing malaria incidence is shown mainly through data collection from health facilities. routine evaluation of long-term epidemiological and entomological dynamics is currently unavailable. in kenya, new policies supporting the provision of free itns were implemented nationwide in june 2006. to evaluate the impacts of itns on malaria transmission, we conducted monthly surveys in three sentinel sites with different transmission intensities in wes ... | 2011 | 21629783 |
| mosquito species abundance and diversity in malindi, kenya and their potential implication in pathogen transmission. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important vectors of human disease-causing pathogens. mosquitoes are found both in rural and urban areas. deteriorating infrastructure, poor access to health, water and sanitation services, increasing population density, and widespread poverty contribute to conditions that modify the environment, which directly influences the risk of disease within the urban and peri-urban ecosystem. the objective of this study was to evaluate the mosquito vector abundance and ... | 2011 | 21626425 |
| comparative genomic analysis of chitinase and chitinase-like genes in the african malaria mosquito (anopheles gambiae). | chitinase is an important enzyme responsible for chitin metabolism in a wide range of organisms including bacteria, yeasts and other fungi, nematodes and arthropods. however, current knowledge on chitinolytic enzymes, especially their structures, functions and regulation is very limited. in this study we have identified 20 chitinase and chitinase-like genes in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, through genome-wide searching and transcript profiling. we assigned these genes into eig ... | 2011 | 21611131 |
| plasmodium falciparum transmission and aridity: a kenyan experience from the dry lands of baringo and its implications for anopheles arabiensis control. | abstract: background: the ecology of malaria vectors particularly in semi-arid areas of africa is poorly understood. accurate knowledge on this subject will boost current efforts to reduce the burden of malaria in sub-saharan africa. the objective of this study was to describe the dynamics of malaria transmission in two model semi-arid sites (kamarimar and tirion) in baringo in kenya. methods: adult mosquitoes were collected indoors by pyrethrum spray collections (psc) and outdoors by centers fo ... | 2011 | 21569546 |
| productivity of malaria vectors from different habitat types in the western kenya highlands. | mosquito larval source management (lsm) could be a valuable additional tool for integrated malaria vector control especially in areas with focal transmission like the highlands of western kenya if it were not for the need to target all potential habitats at frequent intervals. the ability to determine the productivity of malaria vectors from identified habitats might be used to target lsm only at productive ones. | 2011 | 21559301 |
| continuing intense malaria transmission in northern uganda. | abstract. recent reports of reductions in malaria transmission in several african countries have resulted in optimism that malaria can be eliminated in parts of africa where it is currently endemic. it is not known whether these trends are global or whether they are also present in areas where political instability has hindered effective malaria control. we determined malaria parasite carriage and age-dependent antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens in cross-sectional surveys in ap ... | 2011 | 21540398 |
| the emergence of insecticide resistance in central mozambique and potential threat to the successful indoor residual spraying malaria control programme. | abstract: | 2011 | 21535872 |
| divergent transcriptional response to thermal stress by anopheles gambiae larvae carrying alternative arrangements of inversion 2la. | the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae is polymorphic for chromosomal inversion 2la, whose frequency strongly correlates with degree of aridity across environmental gradients. recent physiological studies have associated 2la with resistance to desiccation in adults and thermal stress in larvae, consistent with its proposed role in aridity tolerance. however, the genetic basis of these traits remains unknown. to identify genes that could be involved in the differential response to thermal ... | 2011 | 21535279 |
| scanranker: quality assessment of tandem mass spectra via sequence tagging. | in shotgun proteomics, protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry relies on bioinformatics tools. despite recent improvements in identification algorithms, a significant number of high quality spectra remain unidentified for various reasons. here we present scanranker, an open-source tool that evaluates the quality of tandem mass spectra via sequence tagging with reliable performance in data from different instruments. the superior performance of scanranker enables it not only to find un ... | 2011 | 21520941 |
| do developing malaria parasites manipulate their mosquito host? evidence from infected anopheles funestus (giles) from mozambique. | mosquito survival is linked to the activities performed in each oviposition cycle, whilst development of malaria parasites in them is largely temperature dependent. extending the oviposition cycle of the mosquito, even as a side effect of normal development of the parasite, may enhance malaria transmission. a study was therefore undertaken to compare the time spent before returning to feed among infected and uninfected host seeking anopheles funestus from a village in southern mozambique. the st ... | 2011 | 21511315 |
| identification and distribution of a gaba receptor mutation conferring dieldrin resistance in the malaria vector anopheles funestus in africa. | growing problems of pyrethroid resistance in anopheles funestus have intensified efforts to identify alternative insecticides. many agrochemicals target the gaba receptors, but cross-resistance from dieldrin resistance may preclude their introduction. dieldrin resistance was detected in an. funestus populations from west (burkina faso) and central (cameroon) africa, but populations from east (uganda) and southern africa (mozambique and malawi) were fully susceptible to this insecticide. partial ... | 2011 | 21501685 |
| a longitudinal study on anopheles mosquito larval abundance in distinct geographical and environmental settings in western kenya. | abstract: | 2011 | 21477340 |
| increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual malaria vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural tanzania. | abstract: | 2011 | 21477321 |
| arm-specific dynamics of chromosome evolution in malaria mosquitoes. | abstract: | 2011 | 21473772 |
| crystal structure of native anopheles gambiae serpin-2, a negative regulator of melanization in mosquitoes. | 2011 | 21465556 | |
| humoral response to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6: a serological indicator of exposure to afrotropical malaria vectors. | salivary proteins injected by blood feeding arthropods into their hosts evoke a saliva-specific humoral response which can be useful to evaluate exposure to bites of disease vectors. however, saliva of hematophagous arthropods is a complex cocktail of bioactive factors and its use in immunoassays can be misleading because of potential cross-reactivity to other antigens. toward the development of a serological marker of exposure to afrotropical malaria vectors we expressed the anopheles gambiae g ... | 2011 | 21437289 |
| identification and characterization of a novel chitinase-like gene cluster (agcht5) possibly derived from tandem duplications in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | insect chitinase 5 (cht5), a well-characterized enzyme found in the molting fluid and/or integument, is classified as a group i chitinase and is usually encoded by a single gene. in this study, a cht5 gene cluster consisting of five different chitinase-like genes (agcht5-1, agcht5-2, agcht5-3, agcht5-4 and agcht5-5) was identified by a bioinformatics search of the genome of anopheles gambiae. the gene models were confirmed by cloning and sequencing of the corresponding cdnas and gene expression ... | 2011 | 21419847 |
| monitoring mosquitoes in urban dar es salaam: evaluation of resting boxes, window exit traps, cdc light traps, ifakara tent traps and human landing catches. | ifakara tent traps (itt) are currently the only sufficiently sensitive, safe, affordable and practical method for routine monitoring host-seeking mosquito densities in dar es salaam. however, it is not clear whether itt catches represent indoors or outdoors biting densities. itt do not yield samples of resting, fed mosquitoes for blood meal analysis. | 2011 | 21418622 |
| chromosomal and environmental determinants of morphometric variation in natural populations of the malaria vector anopheles funestus in cameroon. | anopheles funestus is one of the most proficient malaria vectors in the world, mainly because of its remarkable ability to populate a wide range of ecological settings across africa. its formidable environmental plasticity has been primarily associated to high amounts of genetic and inversion polymorphisms. however, very little is known about the morphological changes that this ecological adaptation entails. here, we report on wing morphometric variations in karyotyped specimens of this species ... | 2011 | 21414420 |
| a de novo expression profiling of anopheles funestus, malaria vector in africa, using 454 pyrosequencing. | anopheles funestus is one of the major malaria vectors in africa and yet there are few genomic tools available for this species compared to an. gambiae. to start to close this knowledge gap, we sequenced the an. funestus transcriptome using cdna libraries developed from a pyrethroid resistant laboratory strain and a pyrethroid susceptible field strain from mali. | 2011 | 21364769 |
| dry season ecology of anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes at larval habitats in two traditionally semi-arid villages in baringo, kenya. | pre-adult stages of malaria vectors in semi-arid areas are confronted with highly variable and challenging climatic conditions. the objective of this study was to determine which larval habitat types are most productive in terms of larval densities in the dry and wet seasons within semi-arid environments, and how vector species productivity is partitioned over time. | 2011 | 21352608 |
| development of a new version of the liverpool malaria model. i. refining the parameter settings and mathematical formulation of basic processes based on a literature review. | a warm and humid climate triggers several water-associated diseases such as malaria. climate- or weather-driven malaria models, therefore, allow for a better understanding of malaria transmission dynamics. the liverpool malaria model (lmm) is a mathematical-biological model of malaria parasite dynamics using daily temperature and precipitation data. in this study, the parameter settings of the lmm are refined and a new mathematical formulation of key processes related to the growth and size of t ... | 2011 | 21314922 |
| vectorial status and insecticide resistance of anopheles funestus from a sugar estate in southern mozambique. | the dual problems of rising insecticide resistance in the malaria vectors and increasing human malaria cases since 2001 in southern mozambique are cause for serious concern. the selection of insecticides for use in indoor residual spraying (irs) programmes is highly dependent on the extent to which local mosquitoes are susceptible to the approved classes of insecticides. the insecticide resistance status and role in malaria transmission of anopheles funestus was evaluated at the maragra sugar es ... | 2011 | 21306631 |
| why are anopheline mosquitoes not present in the seychelles? | species of anopheline mosquitoes are largely distributed over emerged lands around the world and, within the tropics, few areas are without these insects, which are vectors of malaria parasites. among the exceptions is the seychelles archipelago in the western indian ocean. however, in the aldabra island group, located in the extreme western portion of the archipelago, anopheles gambiae s.l. was introduced, leading to massive proliferation and then elimination, with the most recent autochthonous ... | 2011 | 21303530 |
| contribution of anopheles funestus, an. gambiae and an. nili (diptera: culicidae) to the perennial malaria transmission in the southern and western forest areas of côte d'ivoire. | the involvement of members of the anopheles gambiae complex giles and an. funestus giles and an. nili theobald groups in the transmission of plasmodium falciparum was recently investigated in the villages of gbatta and kpéhiri, which lie, respectively, in forest areas in the west and south of côte d'ivoire. adult female mosquitoes were collected, using human landing catches, inside and outside dwellings. after identification and dissection, the heads and thoraces of all the anopheline mosquitoes ... | 2011 | 21294945 |
| a cryptic subgroup of anopheles gambiae is highly susceptible to human malaria parasites. | population subgroups of the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae have not been comprehensively characterized owing to the lack of unbiased sampling methods. in the arid savanna zone of west africa, where potential oviposition sites are scarce, widespread collection from larval pools in the peridomestic human habitat yielded a comprehensive genetic survey of local a. gambiae population subgroups, independent of adult resting behavior and ecological preference. a previously unknown subgroup of ... | 2011 | 21292978 |
| molecular analysis of nutritional and hormonal regulation of female reproduction in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | female reproduction includes maturation of oocytes and the synthesis of yolk proteins (vitellogenin, vg) in the fat body and their deposition into the oocytes. our recent studies showed that juvenile hormone (jh) regulates vg synthesis and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) regulates oocyte maturation in the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum). here, we report on the role of nutritional signaling on vitellogenesis and oogenesis. comparison of gene expression between fed and starved beetles by microarra ... | 2011 | 21288489 |
| chlorfenapyr: a new insecticide with novel mode of action can control pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors. | malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to many of the currently used insecticides, including synthetic pyrethroids. hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative insecticides for effective management of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. in the present study, chlorfenapyr was evaluated against anopheles culicifacies and anopheles stephensi for its possible use in vector control. | 2011 | 21266037 |
| organization and evolution of heterochromatin in malaria mosquitoes. | the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae was the first disease vector chosen for genome sequencing. although its genome assembly has been facilitated by physical mapping, large gaps still pose a serious problem for accurate annotation and genome analysis. the majority of the gaps are located in regions of pericentromeric and intercalary heterochromatin. genomic analysis has identified protein-coding genes and various classes of repetitive elements in the anopheles heterochromatin. molecula ... | 2010 | 21250544 |
| analysis of the evolutionary forces shaping mitochondrial genomes of a neotropical malaria vector complex. | many vectors of human malaria belong to complexes of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. here we report the analysis of the newly sequenced complete mitochondrial dna molecules from six recognized or putative species of one such group, the neotropical anopheles albitarsis complex. the molecular evolution of these genomes had been driven by purifying selection, particularly strongly acting on the rna genes. directional mutation pressure associated with the strand-asynchronous asymm ... | 2011 | 21241811 |
| spatial and temporal variation in the kdr allele l1014s in anopheles gambiae s.s. and phenotypic variability in susceptibility to insecticides in western kenya. | malaria vector control in africa depends upon effective insecticides in bed nets and indoor residual sprays. this study investigated the extent of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l., anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis in western kenya where ownership of insecticide-treated bed nets has risen steadily from the late 1990s to 2010. temporal and spatial variation in the frequency of a knock down resistance (kdr) allele in a. gambiae s.s. was quantified, as was variation in ... | 2011 | 21235783 |
| genetic and phenotypic variation of the malaria vector anopheles atroparvus in southern europe. | there is a growing concern that global climate change will affect the potential for pathogen transmission by insect species that are vectors of human diseases. one of these species is the former european malaria vector, anopheles atroparvus. levels of population differentiation of an. atroparvus from southern europe were characterized as a first attempt to elucidate patterns of population structure of this former malaria vector. results are discussed in light of a hypothetical situation of re-es ... | 2011 | 21223582 |
| differential attraction of malaria mosquitoes to volatile blends produced by human skin bacteria. | the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is mainly guided by human odour components to find its blood host. skin bacteria play an important role in the production of human body odour and when grown in vitro, skin bacteria produce volatiles that are attractive to a. gambiae. the role of single skin bacterial species in the production of volatiles that mediate the host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes has remained largely unknown and is the subject of the present study. headspace sample ... | 2010 | 21209854 |
| impact of malaria at the end of pregnancy on infant mortality and morbidity. | there is some consensus that malaria in pregnancy may negatively affect infant's mortality and malaria morbidity, but there is less evidence concerning the factors involved. | 2011 | 21199881 |
| malaria infection and disease in an area with pyrethroid-resistant vectors in southern benin. | this study aimed to investigate baseline data on malaria before the evaluation of new vector control strategies in an area of pyrethroid-resistance of vectors. the burden of malaria was estimated in terms of infection (prevalence and parasite density) and of clinical episodes. | 2010 | 21194470 |
| pyrethroid resistance in southern african anopheles funestus extends to likoma island in lake malawi. | abstract: | 2010 | 21192834 |
| adaptive divergence between incipient species of anopheles gambiae increases resistance to plasmodium. | the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae is diversifying into ecotypes known as m and s forms. this process is thought to be promoted by adaptation to different larval habitats, but its genetic underpinnings remain elusive. to identify candidate targets of divergent natural selection in m and s, we performed genomewide scanning in paired population samples from mali, followed by resequencing and genotyping from five locations in west, central, and east africa. genome scans revealed a signi ... | 2010 | 21173248 |
| mass drug administration of ivermectin in south-eastern senegal reduces the survivorship of wild-caught, blood fed malaria vectors. | in south-eastern senegal, malaria and onchocerciasis are co-endemic. onchocerciasis in this region has been controlled by once or twice yearly mass drug administration (mda) with ivermectin (ivm) for over fifteen years. since laboratory-raised anopheles gambiae s.s. are susceptible to ivermectin at concentrations found in human blood post-ingestion of ivm, it is plausible that a similar effect could be quantified in the field, and that ivm might have benefits as a malaria control tool. | 2010 | 21171970 |
| natural history and intragenomic dynamics of the transib transposon hztransib in the cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea. | hztransib, recently identified from helicoverpa zea, represents the first intact and transcriptionally active transib element. its open reading frame was detected in helicoverpa armigera, from which h. zea evolved, and in helicoverpa assulta, the common ancestor of h. zea and h. armigera, but its remaining parts were found only in h. armigera. thirty-nine hztransib insertion sites, all of which are polymorphic, were detected from eight populations of h. zea. out of the 39 insertion sites, 35 wer ... | 2010 | 21166910 |
| the structure of the catalytic domain of tannerella forsythia karilysin reveals it is a bacterial xenologue of animal matrix metalloproteinases. | metallopeptidases (mps) are among virulence factors secreted by pathogenic bacteria at the site of infection. one such pathogen is tannerella forsythia, a member of the microbial consortium that causes peridontitis, arguably the most prevalent infective chronic inflammatory disease known to mankind. the only reported mp secreted by t. forsythia is karilysin, a 52 kda multidomain protein comprising a central 18 kda catalytic domain (cd), termed kly18, flanked by domains unrelated to any known pro ... | 2010 | 21166898 |
| staggered larval time-to-hatch and insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles gambiae s form. | anopheles gambiae is a major vector of malaria in the west african region. resistance to multiple insecticides has been recorded in an. gambiae s form in the ahafo region of ghana. a laboratory population (gah) established using wild material from this locality has enabled a mechanistic characterization of each resistance phenotype as well as an analysis of another adaptive characteristic - staggered larval time-to-hatch. | 2010 | 21156042 |
| malaria transmission in two rural communities in the forest zone of ghana. | malaria transmission was assessed in two rural communities, kona and afamanaso in sekyere south district, ashanti region, in the forest zone of ghana to provide baseline data for ongoing clinical studies and the evaluation of the effect of interventions. altogether, 3,479 anopheles gambiae and 1,157 anopheles funestus were caught by human landing catches. sporozoite rates determined by either microscopy of salivary glands or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for plasmodium falciparum in ... | 2010 | 21153839 |
| de novo transcriptome sequencing in anopheles funestus using illumina rna-seq technology. | anopheles funestus is one of the primary vectors of human malaria, which causes a million deaths each year in sub-saharan africa. few scientific resources are available to facilitate studies of this mosquito species and relatively little is known about its basic biology and evolution, making development and implementation of novel disease control efforts more difficult. the an. funestus genome has not been sequenced, so in order to facilitate genome-scale experimental biology, we have sequenced ... | 2010 | 21151993 |
| unexpected anthropophily in the potential secondary malaria vectors anopheles coustani s.l. and anopheles squamosus in macha, zambia. | abstract anopheles coustani s.l. and anopheles squamosus are sub-saharan mosquito species that have been implicated in malaria transmission. although generally believed to be of negligible importance due to their overwhelmingly zoophilic behavior, an. coustani s.l. and an. squamosus made up a large proportion of the anophelines collected by human landing catches during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 rainy seasons in macha, zambia. further, polymerase chain reaction-based blood meal identification s ... | 2010 | 21142969 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in africa, europe and the middle east: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. | abstract: | 2010 | 21129198 |
| reactive oxygen species-dependent cell signaling regulates the mosquito immune response to plasmodium falciparum. | reactive oxygen species (ros) have been implicated in direct killing of pathogens, increased tissue damage, and regulation of immune signaling pathways in mammalian cells. available research suggests that analogous phenomena affect the establishment of plasmodium infection in anopheles mosquitoes. we have previously shown that provision of human insulin in a blood meal leads to increased ros levels in anopheles stephensi. here, we demonstrate that provision of human insulin significantly increas ... | 2011 | 21126166 |
| multilocus haplotypes reveal variable levels of diversity and population structure of plasmodium falciparum in papua new guinea, a region of intense perennial transmission. | the south west pacific nation of papua new guinea has intense year round transmission of plasmodium falciparum on the coast and in the low-lying inland areas. local heterogeneity in the epidemiology of malaria suggests that parasites from multiple locations will need to be surveyed to define the population biology of p. falciparum in the region. this study describes the population genetics of p. falciparum in thirteen villages spread over four distinct catchment areas of papua new guinea. | 2010 | 21092231 |
| does moonlight influence the biting behaviour of anopheles funestus? | the possible effect of moonlight on the biting behaviour of mosquitoes in southern mozambique, in particular that of anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae), a primary vector of malaria, was investigated by comparing catches indoors and outdoors using cdc light traps and 'furvela' tent traps, respectively, for 35 consecutive nights, from 9 september to 15 october 2008. collections were separated into three 4-hourly samples each night. a total of 17 591 mosquitoes belonging to nine species were c ... | 2010 | 21073491 |
| malaria transmission and insecticide resistance of anopheles gambiae in libreville and port-gentil, gabon. | urban malaria is a major health priority for civilian and militaries populations. a preliminary entomologic study has been conducted in 2006-2007, in the french military camps of the two mains towns of gabon: libreville and port-gentil. the aim was to assess the malaria transmission risk for troops. | 2010 | 21070655 |
| tissue-specific transcriptomics of the exotic invasive insect pest emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis). | the insect midgut and fat body represent major tissue interfaces that deal with several important physiological functions including digestion, detoxification and immune response. the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis), is an exotic invasive insect pest that has killed millions of ash trees (fraxinus spp.) primarily in the midwestern united states and ontario, canada. however, despite its high impact status little knowledge exists for a. planipennis at the molecular level. | 2010 | 21060843 |
| insight into the salivary transcriptome and proteome of dipetalogaster maxima. | dipetalogaster maxima is a blood-sucking hemiptera that inhabits sylvatic areas in mexico. it usually takes its blood meal from lizards, but following human population growth, it invaded suburban areas, feeding also on humans and domestic animals. hematophagous insect salivary glands produce potent pharmacologic compounds that counteract host hemostasis, including anticlotting, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory molecules. to obtain further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacologic com ... | 2011 | 21058630 |
| simultaneous identification of the anopheles funestus group and anopheles longipalpis type c by pcr-rflp. | anopheles longipalpis is morphologically similar to the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus at the adult stage although it is very different at the larval stage. despite the development of the species-specific multiplex pcr assay for the an. funestus group, the genomic dna of anopheles longipalpis type c specimens can be amplified with the anopheles vaneedeni and anopheles parensis primers from this assay. the standard, species-specific an. funestus group pcr, results in the amplific ... | 2010 | 21054905 |
| detection of 1014f kdr mutation in four major anopheline malaria vectors in indonesia. | malaria is a serious public health problem in indonesia, particularly in areas outside java and bali. the spread of resistance to the currently available anti-malarial drugs or insecticides used for mosquito control would cause an increase in malaria transmission. to better understand patterns of transmission and resistance in indonesia, an integrated mosquito survey was conducted in three areas with different malaria endemicities, purworejo in central java, south lampung district in sumatera an ... | 2010 | 21054903 |
| patterns and seasonality of malaria transmission in the forest-savannah transitional zones of ghana. | knowledge of the local pattern of malaria transmission and the effect of season on transmission is essential for the planning and evaluation of malaria interventions. therefore, entomological surveys were carried out in the forest-savannah transitional belt of ghana (kintampo) from november 2003 to november 2005 in preparation for drug and vaccine trials. | 2010 | 21054895 |
| identifying malaria vector breeding habitats with remote sensing data and terrain-based landscape indices in zambia. | malaria, caused by the parasite plasmodium falciparum, is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in southern zambia. in the mapanza chiefdom, where transmission is seasonal, anopheles arabiensis is the dominant malaria vector. the ability to predict larval habitats can help focus control measures. | 2010 | 21050496 |
| odorant-binding proteins of the malaria mosquito anopheles funestus sensu stricto. | the mosquito anopheles funestus is one of the major malaria vector species in sub-saharan africa. olfaction is essential in guiding mosquito behaviors. odorant-binding proteins (obps) are highly expressed in insect olfactory tissues and involved in the first step of odorant reception. an improved understanding of the function of malaria mosquito obps may contribute to identifying new attractants/repellents and assist in the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly mosquito cont ... | 2010 | 21042539 |
| a physical map for an asian malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | physical mapping is a useful approach for studying genome organization and evolution as well as for genome sequence assembly. the availability of polytene chromosomes in malaria mosquitoes provides a unique opportunity to develop high-resolution physical maps. we report a 0.6-mb-resolution physical map consisting of 422 dna markers hybridized to 379 chromosomal sites of the anopheles stephensi polytene chromosomes. this makes an. stephensi second only to anopheles gambiae in density of a physica ... | 2010 | 21036831 |
| longitudinal studies of plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnant women living in a rural cameroonian village with high perennial transmission. | a prospective longitudinal study of plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women was conducted in the rural village of ngali ii, where malaria is hyperendemic and individuals receive ~0.7 infectious mosquito bites/person/day throughout the year. pregnant women (n = 60; 19 primigravidae, 41 multigravidae) were enrolled early in pregnancy (median 14 wk) and were followed monthly, with 38 women followed through term (5.7 ± 1.1 prenatal visits and delivery). the total number of times primigravidae were s ... | 2010 | 21036826 |
| the effect of repeated washing of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) on the feeding success and survival rates of anopheles gambiae. | insecticide-treated nets protect users from mosquito bites, thereby preventing transmissions of mosquito borne pathogens. repeated washing of nets removes insecticide on the netting rendering them ineffective within a short period. long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) offer longer time protection against such bites because they are more wash resistant, and are preferred to conventionally treated nets. however, there is limited information on the effect of repeated washing of llins on th ... | 2010 | 21029477 |
| sugar-fermenting yeast as an organic source of carbon dioxide to attract the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | carbon dioxide (co2) plays an important role in the host-seeking process of opportunistic, zoophilic and anthropophilic mosquito species and is, therefore, commonly added to mosquito sampling tools. the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is attracted to human volatiles augmented by co2. this study investigated whether co2, usually supplied from gas cylinders acquired from commercial industry, could be replaced by co2 derived from fermenting yeast (yeast-produced co2). | 2010 | 20973963 |
| predators of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (diptera: culicidae) larvae in wetlands, western kenya: confirmation by polymerase chain reaction method. | polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to determine whether mosquito predators in wetland habitats feed on anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) larvae. aquatic mosquito predators were collected from six wetlands near lake victoria in mbita, western kenya. this study revealed that the whole positive rate of an. gambiae s.l. from 330 predators was 54.2%. the order of positive rate was the highest in odonata (70.2%), followed by hemiptera (62.8%), amphibia (41.7%), and coleoptera (18%). th ... | 2010 | 20939371 |
| reproduction-longevity trade-off in anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | reduced survival and future reproduction due to of current reproduction is a trade-off known as the cost of reproduction. surprisingly, only a few studies have assessed the cost of reproduction in arthropod disease vectors, despite its effect on longevity, and thus on vectorial capacity. we evaluated the cost of reproduction on survival of anopheles gambiae giles by comparing mosquitoes that were denied exposure to the other sex, hereafter named virgins, and those that were allowed exposure to t ... | 2010 | 20939369 |
| plasmodium ovale infection in malaysia: first imported case. | plasmodium ovale infection is rarely reported in malaysia. this is the first imported case of p. ovale infection in malaysia which was initially misdiagnosed as plasmodium vivax. | 2010 | 20929588 |
| prag01, a novel deltamethrin-resistance-associated gene from culex pipiens pallens. | the prag01 gene (genbank accession no. eu073017) was cloned from culex pipiens pallens. an open reading frame of 270 bp was found to encode a putative 89-amino-acid protein which has the highest homology with culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles funestus. real-time quantitative pcr analysis demonstrated that the transcription level of prag01 gene in deltamethrin-resistant strain was 1.65-fold higher than in deltamethrin-susceptible strain of c. pipiens pallens. overexpression of prag01 gene in t ... | 2010 | 20922424 |
| field experiments of anopheles gambiae attraction to local fruits/seedpods and flowering plants in mali to optimize strategies for malaria vector control in africa using attractive toxic sugar bait methods. | based on recent studies in israel demonstrating that attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) methods can be used to decimate local anopheline and culicine mosquito populations, an important consideration is whether the same methods can be adapted and improved to attract and kill malaria vectors in africa. the atsb approach uses fruit or flower scent as an attractant, sugar solution as a feeding stimulant, and an oral toxin. the atsb solutions are either sprayed on vegetation or suspended in simple ba ... | 2010 | 20854666 |
| chromosomal inversions, natural selection and adaptation in the malaria vector anopheles funestus. | chromosomal polymorphisms, such as inversions, are presumably involved in the rapid adaptation of populations to local environmental conditions. reduced recombination between alternative arrangements in heterozygotes may protect sets of locally adapted genes, promoting ecological divergence and potentially leading to reproductive isolation and speciation. through a comparative analysis of chromosomal inversions and microsatellite marker polymorphisms, we hereby present biological evidence that s ... | 2011 | 20837604 |
| culicidae diversity, malaria transmission and insecticide resistance alleles in malaria vectors in ouidah-kpomasse-tori district from benin (west africa): a pre-intervention study. | abstract: | 2010 | 20819214 |
| a network population model of the dynamics and control of african malaria vectors. | a more robust assessment of malaria control through mosquito larval habitat destruction will come from a better understanding of the distribution, productivity and connectivity of breeding sites. the present study examines the significance of vector dispersal ability, larval habitat stability and productivity on the persistence and extinction of a mosquito population inhabiting a dynamic network of breeding sites. we use this novel method of vector modelling to show that when dispersal is limite ... | 0 | 20813387 |
| aestivation of the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae in the sahel. | the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, inhabits diverse environments including dry savannas, where surface waters required for larval development are absent for 4-8 months per year. under such conditions, an. gambiae virtually disappears. whether populations survive the long dry season by aestivation (a dormant state promoting extended longevity during the summer) or are reestablished by migrants from distant locations where larval sites persist has remained an enigma for over 60 years ... | 2010 | 20810827 |