Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| climate and environmental change drives ixodes ricinus geographical expansion at the northern range margin. | global environmental change is causing spatial and temporal shifts in the distribution of species and the associated diseases of humans, domesticated animals and wildlife. in the on-going debate on the influence of climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases, there is a lack of a comprehensive interdisciplinary multi-factorial approach utilizing high quality spatial and temporal data. | 2014 | 24401487 |
| simple, sensitive and quantitative bioluminescence assay for determination of malaria pre-patent period. | the first phase of malaria infection occurs in the liver and is clinically silent. inside hepatocytes each plasmodium sporozoite replicate into thousands of erythrocyte-infectious merozoites that when released into the blood stream result in clinical symptoms of the disease. the time between sporozoite inoculation and the appearance of parasites in the blood is defined as the pre-patent period, which is classically analysed by time-consuming and labor-intensive techniques, such as microscopy and ... | 2014 | 24400642 |
| spatial trend, environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with malaria prevalence in chennai. | urban malaria is considered to be one of the most significant infectious diseases due to varied socioeconomic problems especially in tropical countries like india. among the south indian cities, chennai is endemic for malaria. the present study aimed to identify the hot spots of malaria prevalence and the relationship with other factors in chennai during 2005-2011. | 2014 | 24400592 |
| tafenoquine and npc-1161b require cyp 2d metabolism for anti-malarial activity: implications for the 8-aminoquinoline class of anti-malarial compounds. | tafenoquine (tq) is an 8-aminoquinoline (8aq) that has been tested in several phase ii and phase iii clinical studies and is currently in late stage development as an anti-malarial prophylactic agent. npc-1161b is a promising 8aq in late preclinical development. it has recently been reported that the 8aq drug primaquine requires metabolic activation by cyp 2d6 for efficacy in humans and in mice, highlighting the importance of pharmacogenomics in the target population when administering primaquin ... | 2014 | 24386891 |
| therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties of garlic, shallot, and their biologically active compounds. | garlic (allium sativum l. family liliaceae) is well known in iran and its leaves, flowers, and cloves have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. research in recent decades has shown widespread pharmacological effects of a. sativum and its organosulfur compounds especially allicin. studies carried out on the chemical composition of the plant show that the most important constituents of this plant are organosulfur compounds such as allicin, diallyl disulphide, s-allylcysteine, and dia ... | 0 | 24379960 |
| efficacy of a plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine using chad63 and modified vaccinia ankara expressing thrombospondin-related anonymous protein as assessed with transgenic plasmodium berghei parasites. | plasmodium vivax is the world's most widely distributed malaria parasite and a potential cause of morbidity and mortality for approximately 2.85 billion people living mainly in southeast asia and latin america. despite this dramatic burden, very few vaccines have been assessed in humans. the clinically relevant vectors modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) and the chimpanzee adenovirus chad63 are promising delivery systems for malaria vaccines due to their safety profiles and proven ability to in ... | 2013 | 24379295 |
| plasmodium berghei sporozoites acquire virulence and immunogenicity during mosquito hemocoel transit. | malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by the single-cell eukaryote plasmodium. the infectious parasite forms are sporozoites, which originate from midgut-associated oocysts, where they eventually egress and reach the mosquito hemocoel. sporozoites actively colonize the salivary glands in order to be transmitted to the mammalian host. whether residence in the salivary glands provides distinct and vital cues for the development of infectivity remains unsolved. in this study, we systematically c ... | 2013 | 24379288 |
| effects of genotypic and phenotypic variation on establishment are important for conservation, invasion, and infection biology. | there is abundant evidence that the probability of successful establishment in novel environments increases with number of individuals in founder groups and with number of repeated introductions. theory posits that the genotypic and phenotypic variation among individuals should also be important, but few studies have examined whether founder diversity influences establishment independent of propagule pressure, nor whether the effect is model or context dependent. i summarize the results of 18 ex ... | 2013 | 24367109 |
| dihydroquinazolinone inhibitors of proliferation of blood and liver stage malaria parasites. | drugs that target both the liver and blood stages of malaria will be needed to reduce the disease's substantial worldwide morbidity and mortality. evaluation of a 259-member library of compounds that block proliferation of the blood stage of malaria revealed several scaffolds--dihydroquinazolinones, phenyldiazenylpyridines, piperazinyl methyl quinolones, and bis-benzimidazoles--with promising activity against the liver stage. focused structure-activity studies on the dihydroquinazolinone scaffol ... | 2013 | 24366746 |
| kai407, a potent non-8-aminoquinoline compound that kills plasmodium cynomolgi early dormant liver stage parasites in vitro. | preventing relapses of plasmodium vivax malaria through a radical cure depends on use of the 8-aminoquinoline primaquine, which is associated with safety and compliance issues. for future malaria eradication strategies, new, safer radical curative compounds that efficiently kill dormant liver stages (hypnozoites) will be essential. a new compound with potential radical cure activity was identified using a low-throughput assay of in vitro-cultured hypnozoite forms of plasmodium cynomolgi (an exce ... | 2013 | 24366744 |
| host-cell sensors for plasmodium activate innate immunity against liver-stage infection. | before they infect red blood cells and cause malaria, plasmodium parasites undergo an obligate and clinically silent expansion phase in the liver that is supposedly undetected by the host. here, we demonstrate the engagement of a type i interferon (ifn) response during plasmodium replication in the liver. we identified plasmodium rna as a previously unrecognized pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) capable of activating a type i ifn response via the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor ... | 2013 | 24362933 |
| stress granules and plasmodium liver stage infection. | organisms have evolved numerous strategies to control infection by an array of intracellular pathogens. one cell autonomous pathogen control strategy is global inhibition of protein synthesis via stress granule (sg) formation. sgs are induced by stressful stimuli such as oxidative stress and nutrient deprivation, and are known to counteract both viral and bacterial infections. pathogens, in turn, may actively block an infected cell's ability to form sgs. in vitro and in vivo, many liver stage ma ... | 2014 | 24357231 |
| a proteomics and transcriptomics investigation of the venom from the barychelid spider trittame loki (brush-foot trapdoor). | although known for their potent venom and ability to prey upon both invertebrate and vertebrate species, the barychelidae spider family has been entirely neglected by toxinologists. in striking contrast, the sister family theraphosidae (commonly known as tarantulas), which last shared a most recent common ancestor with barychelidae over 200 million years ago, has received much attention, accounting for 25% of all the described spider toxins while representing only 2% of all spider species. in th ... | 2013 | 24351713 |
| the malarial serine protease sub1 plays an essential role in parasite liver stage development. | transmission of the malaria parasite to its vertebrate host involves an obligatory exoerythrocytic stage in which extensive asexual replication of the parasite takes place in infected hepatocytes. the resulting liver schizont undergoes segmentation to produce thousands of daughter merozoites. these are released to initiate the blood stage life cycle, which causes all the pathology associated with the disease. whilst elements of liver stage merozoite biology are similar to those in the much bette ... | 2013 | 24348254 |
| enzymes involved in plastid-targeted phosphatidic acid synthesis are essential for plasmodium yoelii liver-stage development. | malaria parasites scavenge nutrients from their host but also harbour enzymatic pathways for de novo macromolecule synthesis. one such pathway is apicoplast-targeted type ii fatty acid synthesis, which is essential for late liver-stage development in rodent malaria. it is likely that fatty acids synthesized in the apicoplast are ultimately incorporated into membrane phospholipids necessary for exoerythrocytic merozoite formation. we hypothesized that these synthesized fatty acids are being utili ... | 2014 | 24330260 |
| transinfection: a method to investigate wolbachia-host interactions and control arthropod-borne disease. | the bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia manipulates arthropod host biology in numerous ways, including sex ratio distortion and differential offspring survival. these bacteria infect a vast array of arthropods, some of which pose serious agricultural and human health threats. wolbachia-mediated phenotypes such as cytoplasmic incompatibility and/or pathogen interference can be used for vector and disease control; however, many medically important vectors and important agricultural species are uninfe ... | 2013 | 24329998 |
| larval nutrition differentially affects adult fitness and plasmodium development in the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi. | mosquito fitness is determined largely by body size and nutritional reserves. plasmodium infections in the mosquito and resultant transmission of malaria parasites might be compromised by the vector's nutritional status. we studied the effects of nutritional stress and malaria parasite infections on transmission fitness of anopheles mosquitoes. | 2013 | 24326030 |
| overexpression of multiple detoxification genes in deltamethrin resistant laodelphax striatellus (hemiptera: delphacidae) in china. | the small brown planthopper (sbph), laodelphax striatellus (fallén), is one of the major rice pests in asia and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. understanding resistance mechanisms is essential to the management of this pest. biochemical and molecular assays were performed in this study to systematically characterize deltamethrin resistance mechanisms with laboratory-selected resistant and susceptible strains of sbph. | 2013 | 24324548 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal, and adulticidal efficacy of erythrina indica (lam.) (family: fabaceae) against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes are the major vector for the transmission of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis, and japanese encephalitis. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. in view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was unde ... | 2014 | 24322290 |
| midgut microbial community of culex quinquefasciatus mosquito populations from india. | the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus is a ubiquitous species that serves as a major vector for west nile virus and lymphatic filariasis. ingestion of bloodmeal by females triggers a series of physiological processes in the midgut and also exposes them to infection by these pathogens. the bacteria normally harbored in the midgut are known to influence physiology and can also alter the response to various pathogens. the midgut bacteria in female cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected over a larg ... | 2013 | 24312223 |
| sand-fly saliva-leishmania-man: the trigger trio. | leishmaniases are worldwide diseases transmitted to the vertebrate host by the bite of an infected sand-fly. sand-fly biting and parasite inoculation are accompanied by the injection of salivary molecules, whose immunomodulatory properties are actively being studied. this mini review focuses on how the interactions between sand-fly saliva and the immune system may shape the outcome of infection, given its immunomodulatory properties, in experimental models and in the endemic area. additionally, ... | 2013 | 24312093 |
| draft genome sequences of elizabethkingia anophelis strains r26t and ag1 from the midgut of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | elizabethkingia anophelis is a species in the family flavobacteriaceae. it is a dominant resident in the mosquito gut and also a human pathogen. we present the draft genome sequences of two strains of e. anophelis, r26(t) and ag1, which were isolated from the midgut of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | 2013 | 24309745 |
| analysis of human b-cell responses following chad63-mva msp1 and ama1 immunization and controlled malaria infection. | acquisition of non-sterilizing natural immunity to plasmodium falciparum malaria has been shown in low transmission areas following multiple exposures. however, conflicting data from endemic areas suggest that the parasite may interfere with the induction of effective b-cell responses. to date, the impact of blood-stage parasite exposure on antigen-specific b cells has not been reported following controlled human malaria infection (chmi). here we analysed human b-cell responses in a series of ph ... | 0 | 24303947 |
| the relevance and applicability of oocyst prevalence as a read-out for mosquito feeding assays. | mosquito feeding assays are important in evaluations of malaria transmission-reducing interventions. the proportion of mosquitoes with midgut oocysts is commonly used as an outcome measure, but in natural low intensity infections the effect of oocyst non-rupture on mosquito infectivity is unclear. by identifying ruptured as well as intact oocysts, we show that in low intensity p. falciparum infections i) 66.7-96.7% of infected mosquitoes experienced oocyst rupture between 11-21 days post-infecti ... | 2013 | 24301557 |
| type ii fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for plasmodium falciparum sporozoite development in the midgut of anopheles mosquitoes. | the prodigious rate at which malaria parasites proliferate during asexual blood-stage replication, midgut sporozoite production, and intrahepatic development creates a substantial requirement for essential nutrients, including fatty acids that likely are necessary for parasite membrane formation. plasmodium parasites obtain fatty acids either by scavenging from the vertebrate host and mosquito vector or by producing fatty acids de novo via the type two fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (fas-ii). h ... | 2013 | 24297444 |
| vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies targeting circumsporozoite protein prevent plasmodium falciparum infection. | malaria, which is the result of plasmodium falciparum infection, is a global health threat that resulted in 655,000 deaths and 216 million clinical cases in 2010 alone. recent phase 3 trials with malaria vaccine candidate rts,s/as01 (rts,s) in children has demonstrated modest efficacy against clinical and severe malaria. rts,s targets the pre-erythrocytic phase of the disease and induces high antibody titers against the p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp) and a moderate cd4(+) t cell re ... | 0 | 24292709 |
| hypoxia promotes liver-stage malaria infection in primary human hepatocytes in vitro. | homeostasis of mammalian cell function strictly depends on balancing oxygen exposure to maintain energy metabolism without producing excessive reactive oxygen species. in vivo, cells in different tissues are exposed to a wide range of oxygen concentrations, and yet in vitro models almost exclusively expose cultured cells to higher, atmospheric oxygen levels. existing models of liver-stage malaria that utilize primary human hepatocytes typically exhibit low in vitro infection efficiencies, possib ... | 2013 | 24291761 |
| protective cd8+ t-cell immunity to human malaria induced by chimpanzee adenovirus-mva immunisation. | induction of antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells offers the prospect of immunization against many infectious diseases, but no subunit vaccine has induced cd8(+) t cells that correlate with efficacy in humans. here we demonstrate that a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vector followed by a modified vaccinia virus ankara booster induces exceptionally high frequency t-cell responses (median >2400 sfc/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells) to the liver-stage plasmodium falciparum malaria a ... | 0 | 24284865 |
| targeting plasmodium pi(4)k to eliminate malaria. | achieving the goal of malaria elimination will depend on targeting plasmodium pathways essential across all life stages. here we identify a lipid kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4-oh kinase (pi(4)k), as the target of imidazopyrazines, a new antimalarial compound class that inhibits the intracellular development of multiple plasmodium species at each stage of infection in the vertebrate host. imidazopyrazines demonstrate potent preventive, therapeutic, and transmission-blocking activity in rodent ma ... | 2013 | 24284631 |
| inhibitor of cysteine proteases is critical for motility and infectivity of plasmodium sporozoites. | malaria is transmitted when motile sporozoites are injected into the dermis by an infected female anopheles mosquito. inside the mosquito vector, sporozoites egress from midgut-associated oocysts and eventually penetrate the acinar cells of salivary glands. parasite-encoded factors with exclusive vital roles in the insect vector can be studied by classical reverse genetics. here, we characterized the in vivo roles of plasmodium berghei falstatin/icp (inhibitor of cysteine proteases). this protei ... | 2013 | 24281719 |
| abo blood groups of residents and the abo host choice of malaria vectors in southern iran. | recent epidemiological evidences revealed the higher prevalence of 'o' blood group in the residents of malaria-endemic areas. also some data indicated preference of mosquitoes to 'o' group. the aim of this study was to determine abo group ratio in the residents as well as abo group preference of anopheles in two malaria endemic areas in south of iran. agglutination method was used for abo typing of residents. field blood fed anopheles specimens were tested against vertebrate dna using mtdna-cytb ... | 2014 | 24280520 |
| killer bee molecules: antimicrobial peptides as effector molecules to target sporogonic stages of plasmodium. | a new generation of strategies is evolving that aim to block malaria transmission by employing genetically modified vectors or mosquito pathogens or symbionts that express anti-parasite molecules. whilst transgenic technologies have advanced rapidly, there is still a paucity of effector molecules with potent anti-malaria activity whose expression does not cause detrimental effects on mosquito fitness. our objective was to examine a wide range of antimicrobial peptides (amps) for their toxic effe ... | 2013 | 24278025 |
| a small molecule glycosaminoglycan mimetic blocks plasmodium invasion of the mosquito midgut. | malaria transmission-blocking (t-b) interventions are essential for malaria elimination. small molecules that inhibit the plasmodium ookinete-to-oocyst transition in the midgut of anopheles mosquitoes, thereby blocking sporogony, represent one approach to achieving this goal. chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (cs-gags) on the anopheles gambiae midgut surface are putative ligands for plasmodium falciparum ookinetes. we hypothesized that our synthetic polysulfonated polymer, vs1, acting as a ... | 2013 | 24278017 |
| molecular detection and quantification of plasmodium falciparum-infected human hepatocytes in chimeric immune-deficient mice. | chimeric mice with humanized livers represent a promising tool for infections with plasmodium falciparum to evaluate novel methods for prevention and treatment of pre-erythrocytic stages. adequate assessment of hepatic infections is generally compromised by the limited number of human hepatocytes infected by developing parasites. | 2013 | 24267791 |
| plasmodium berghei calcium dependent protein kinase 1 is not required for host cell invasion. | plasmodium calcium dependent protein kinase (cdpk1) is required for the development of sexual stages in the mosquito. in addition, it is proposed to play an essential role in the parasite's invasive stages possibly through the regulation of the actinomyosin motor and micronemal secretion. we demonstrate that plasmodium berghei cdpk1 is dispensable in the parasite's erythrocytic and pre-erythrocytic stages. we successfully disrupted p. berghei cdpk1 (pbcdpk1) by homologous recombination. the reco ... | 2013 | 24265753 |
| a plant-produced pfs25 vlp malaria vaccine candidate induces persistent transmission blocking antibodies against plasmodium falciparum in immunized mice. | malaria transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) are considered an effective means to control and eventually eliminate malaria. the pfs25 protein, expressed predominantly on the surface of the sexual and sporogonic stages of plasmodium falciparum including gametes, zygotes and ookinetes, is one of the primary targets for tbv. it has been demonstrated that plants are an effective, highly scalable system for the production of recombinant proteins, including virus-like particles (vlps). we engineered ... | 2013 | 24260245 |
| identification of wild collected mosquito vectors of diseases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in jazan province, saudi arabia. | thirty-three species of mosquitoes have been reported from the kingdom of saudi arabia. several of these mosquitoes, anopheles gambiae giles s.l., anopheles stephensi liston, culex pipiens linnaeus, culex quinquefasciatus say, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, stegomyia aegypti (linnaeus) and aedimorphus vexans arabiensis (patton) are known vectors of human and animal diseases. in this study, the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of eight mosquito species using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry wer ... | 2013 | 24259205 |
| genomic, rnaseq, and molecular modeling evidence suggests that the major allergen domain in insects evolved from a homodimeric origin. | the major allergen domain (ma) is widely distributed in insects. the crystal structure of a single bla g 1 ma revealed a novel protein fold in which the fundamental structure was a duplex of two subsequences (monomers), which had diverged over time. this suggested that the evolutionary origin of the ma structure may have been a homodimer of this smaller subsequence. using publicly available genomic data, the distribution of the basic unit of this class of proteins was determined to better unders ... | 0 | 24253356 |
| larvicidal activity of centaurea bruguierana ssp. belangerana against anopheles stephensi larvae. | in this study, the total 80% of meoh extract and also petroleum ether, chcl3, etoac, n-buoh, and the remaining meoh fractions obtained by solvent-solvent fractionation of the whole flowering samples of centaurea bruguierana (dc.) hand.-mzt. ssp. belangerana (dc.) bornm. (asteraceae), namely "baad-avard", collected from borazjan in bushehr province (bushehr, iran) were investigated for larvicidal activity against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi liston, according to who methods. the mortality ... | 0 | 24250419 |
| unique apicomplexan imc sub-compartment proteins are early markers for apical polarity in the malaria parasite. | the phylum apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including plasmodium and toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. malaria parasites belonging to the genus plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (imc), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model p. berghei, we localise two unique imc sub-compartmen ... | 2013 | 24244852 |
| copper-transporting atpase is important for malaria parasite fertility. | homeostasis of the trace element copper is essential to all eukaryotic life. copper serves as a cofactor in metalloenzymes and catalyses electron transfer reactions as well as the generation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species. here, we describe the functional characterization of an evolutionarily highly conserved, predicted copper-transporting p-type atpase (cutp) in the murine malaria model parasite plasmodium berghei. live imaging of a parasite line expressing a fluorescently tagged ... | 2013 | 24237419 |
| positive selection drives accelerated evolution of mosquito salivary genes associated with blood-feeding. | the saliva of bloodsucking animals contains dozens to hundreds of proteins that counteract their hosts' haemostasis, inflammation and immunity. it was previously observed that salivary proteins involved in haematophagy are much more divergent in their primary sequence than those of housekeeping function, when comparisons were made between closely related organisms. while this pattern of evolution could result from relaxed selection or drift, it could alternatively be the result of positive selec ... | 2013 | 24237399 |
| larvicidal activity and gc-ms analysis of flavonoids of vitex negundo and andrographis paniculata against two vector mosquitoes anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. | development of insect resistance to synthetic pesticides, high operational cost and environmental pollution have created the need for developing alternative approaches to control vector-borne diseases. in the present study, larvicidal activity of flavonoid extracts of different parts of vitex negundo (linnaeus) and andrographis paniculata (nees) have been studied against the late iii or early iv instar larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi (liston). | 2013 | 24220075 |
| trem2 governs kupffer cell activation and explains belr1 genetic resistance to malaria liver stage infection. | plasmodium liver stage infection is a target of interest for the treatment of and vaccination against malaria. here we used forward genetics to search for mechanisms underlying natural host resistance to infection and identified triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (trem2) and mhc class ii molecules as determinants of plasmodium berghei liver stage infection in mice. locus belr1 confers resistance to malaria liver stage infection. the use of newly derived subcongenic mouse lines allo ... | 2013 | 24218563 |
| population genetic structure of malaria vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | malaria is a complex disease that afflicts human today. malaria epidemiology is associated with drug resistance in parasite and differential distribution and insecticide resistance in vector. efforts are being made to eradicate malaria but burden of malaria is still increasing. vector control is essential for malaria prevention strategies. knowledge of population genetic structure is pre-requisite for determining prevention strategies particularly using transgenic mosquitoes. population genetic ... | 2013 | 24195346 |
| identification and characterization of a novel marine bacillus cereus for mosquito control. | entomopathogenic bacteria to control mosquitoes are a promising environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. in the present study, a novel mosquitocidal bacterium was isolated from marine soil collected from east coastal areas at pondicherry (india). 16s rrna gene sequence alignment depicted that this isolate belonged to bacillus cereus vcrc-b520 (ncbi: kc-119192). biochemical studies on bacterial growth, biomass, and toxin production have revealed that this strain could possibl ... | 2014 | 24192866 |
| towards an optimized inhibition of liver stage development assay (ilsda) for plasmodium falciparum. | experimental vaccines targeting plasmodium falciparum have had some success in recent years. these vaccines use attenuated parasites, recombinant sporozoite proteins, or dna and virus combinations to induce cell-mediated immune responses and/or antibodies targeting sporozoite surface proteins. to capitalize on the success of these vaccines and understand the mechanisms by which these vaccines function, it is important to develop assays that measure correlates of protection in volunteers. the inh ... | 2013 | 24191920 |
| potential of sugarcane bagasse (agro-industrial waste) for the production of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | sugarcane bagasse is a renewable resource that can be used to produce biopesticide for the control of mosquito vectors. in the present study, we demonstrated that cane processed bagasse could be used to produce bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) for control of mosquito vectors viz: culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. biochemical studies indicated that the bti spore/crystal toxins produced from the test culture medium (bagasse, bg + soybean, sb) are higher ... | 2013 | 24189680 |
| human immune responses to plasmodium falciparum infection: molecular evidence for a suboptimal thαβ and th17 bias over ideal and effective traditional th1 immune response. | using microarray analysis, this study showed up-regulation of toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, nf-κb, tnf, p38-mapk, and mhc molecules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells following infection with plasmodium falciparum. | 2013 | 24188121 |
| purification of a serine protease and evidence for a protein c activator from the saliva of the tick, ixodes scapularis. | the saliva of ticks is critical to their survival as parasites and hematophagous animals. in this study, we have purified an enzyme with trypsin-like activity from the saliva of the tick vector of lyme disease, ixodes scapularis. this enzyme, named as ixosp (i. scapularis salivary serine protease), is a 29.9 kda molecule with n-terminus fpxmvxlrikxr. a blast search identified ixosp as a secreted serine protease (aay66740) with a conserved catalytic triad his, asp, and ser. in vitro studies demon ... | 2013 | 24184517 |
| hla class ii (dr0401) molecules induce foxp3+ regulatory t cell suppression of b cells in plasmodium yoelii strain 17xnl malaria. | unlike human malaria parasites that induce persistent infection, some rodent malaria parasites, like plasmodium yoelii strain 17xnl (py17xnl), induce a transient (self-curing) malaria infection. cooperation between cd4 t cells and b cells to produce antibodies is thought to be critical for clearance of py17xnl parasites from the blood, with major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules being required for activation of cd4 t cells. in order to better understand the correspondence betw ... | 2013 | 24166949 |
| kinetic flux profiling elucidates two independent acetyl-coa biosynthetic pathways in plasmodium falciparum. | the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum depends on glucose to meet its energy requirements during blood-stage development. although glycolysis is one of the best understood pathways in the parasite, it is unclear if glucose metabolism appreciably contributes to the acetyl-coa pools required for tricarboxylic acid metabolism (tca) cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis. p. falciparum possesses a pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) complex that is localized to the apicoplast, a specialized quadruple membra ... | 2013 | 24163372 |
| strong larvicidal potential of artemisia annua leaf extract against malaria (anopheles stephensi liston) and dengue (aedes aegypti l.) vectors and bioassay-driven isolation of the marker compounds. | malaria and dengue are the two most important vector-borne human diseases caused by mosquito vectors anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, respectively. of the various strategies adopted for eliminating these diseases, controlling of vectors through herbs has been reckoned as one of the important measures for preventing their resurgence. artemisia annua leaf chloroform extract when tried against larvae of a. stephensi and a. aegypti has shown a strong larvicidal activity against both of these v ... | 2014 | 24158647 |
| assessment of dual life stage antiplasmodial activity of british seaweeds. | terrestrial plants have proven to be a prolific producer of clinically effective antimalarial drugs, but the antimalarial potential of seaweeds has been little explored. the main aim of this study was to assess the in vitro chemotherapeutical and prophylactic potential of the extracts of twenty-three seaweeds collected from the south coast of england against blood stage (bs) and liver stage (ls) plasmodium parasites. the majority (14) of the extracts were active against bs of p. falciparum, with ... | 2013 | 24152562 |
| protein kinase c-dependent signaling controls the midgut epithelial barrier to malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes. | anopheline mosquitoes are the primary vectors of parasites in the genus plasmodium, the causative agents of malaria. malaria parasites undergo a series of complex transformations upon ingestion by the mosquito host. during this process, the physical barrier of the midgut epithelium, along with innate immune defenses, functionally restrict parasite development. although these defenses have been studied for some time, the regulatory factors that control them are poorly understood. the protein kina ... | 2013 | 24146884 |
| plasmodium falciparum phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase is essential for malaria transmission. | efficient transmission of plasmodium species between humans and anopheles mosquitoes is a major contributor to the global burden of malaria. gametocytogenesis, the process by which parasites switch from asexual replication within human erythrocytes to produce male and female gametocytes, is a critical step in malaria transmission and plasmodium genetic diversity. nothing is known about the pathways that regulate gametocytogenesis and only few of the current drugs that inhibit asexual replication ... | 2013 | 24145416 |
| molecular characterization, biological forms and sporozoite rate of anopheles stephensi in southern iran. | to identify the biological forms, sporozoite rate and molecular characterization of the anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi) in hormozgan and sistan-baluchistan provinces, the most important malarious areas in iran. | 0 | 24144130 |
| a specific inhibitor of pfcdpk4 blocks malaria transmission: chemical-genetic validation. | malaria parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes, and blocking parasite transmission is critical in reducing or eliminating malaria in endemic regions. here, we report the pharmacological characterization of a new class of malaria transmission-blocking compounds that acts via the inhibition of plasmodia cdpk4 enzyme. we demonstrate that these compounds achieved selectivity over mammalian kinases by capitalizing on a small serine gatekeeper residue in the active site of the plasmodium cdpk4 enzyme ... | 2013 | 24123773 |
| visualization and live imaging analysis of a mosquito saliva protein in host animal skin using a transgenic mosquito with a secreted luciferase reporter system. | mosquitoes inject saliva into a vertebrate host during blood feeding. the analysis of mosquito saliva in host skin is important for the elucidation of the inflammatory responses to mosquito bites, the development of antithrombotic drugs, and the transmission-blocking of vector-borne diseases. we produced transgenic anopheles stephensi mosquitoes expressing the secretory luciferase protein (metluc) fused to a saliva protein (aapp) in the salivary glands. the transgene product (aapp-metluc) of tra ... | 2013 | 24118655 |
| apical membrane antigen 1 mediates apicomplexan parasite attachment but is dispensable for host cell invasion. | apicomplexan parasites invade host cells by forming a ring-like junction with the cell surface and actively sliding through the junction inside an intracellular vacuole. apical membrane antigen 1 is conserved in apicomplexans and a long-standing malaria vaccine candidate. it is considered to have multiple important roles during host cell penetration, primarily in structuring the junction by interacting with the rhoptry neck 2 protein and transducing the force generated by the parasite motor duri ... | 0 | 24108241 |
| impact of trehalose transporter knockdown on anopheles gambiae stress adaptation and susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum infection. | anopheles gambiae is a major vector mosquito for plasmodium falciparum, the deadly pathogen causing most human malaria in sub-saharan africa. synthesized in the fat body, trehalose is the predominant sugar in mosquito hemolymph. it not only provides energy but also protects the mosquito against desiccation and heat stresses. trehalose enters the mosquito hemolymph by the trehalose transporter agtret1. in adult female a. gambiae, agtret1 is predominantly expressed in the fat body. we found that a ... | 2013 | 24101462 |
| chemicals, climate, and control: increasing the effectiveness of malaria vector control tools by considering relevant temperatures. | 2013 | 24098111 | |
| some ecological attributes of malarial vector anopheles superpictus grassi in endemic foci in southeastern iran. | to determine the bionomics and susceptibility status of the malarial vector anopheles superpictus (an. superpictus) to different insecticides in the sistan-baluchestan province which has the highest malarial prevalence in iran. | 0 | 24093794 |
| asaia accelerates larval development of anopheles gambiae. | arthropod borne diseases cause significant human morbidity and mortality and, therefore, efficient measures to control transmission of the disease agents would have great impact on human health. one strategy to achieve this goal is based on the manipulation of bacterial symbionts of vectors. bacteria of the gram-negative, acetic acid bacterium genus asaia have been found to be stably associated with larvae and adults of the southeast asian malaria vector anopheles stephensi, dominating the micro ... | 2013 | 24091152 |
| a key role for plasmodium subtilisin-like sub1 protease in egress of malaria parasites from host hepatocytes. | in their mammalian host, plasmodium parasites have two obligatory intracellular development phases, first in hepatocytes and subsequently in erythrocytes. both involve an orchestrated process of invasion into and egress from host cells. the plasmodium sub1 protease plays a dual role at the blood stage by enabling egress of the progeny merozoites from the infected erythrocyte and priming merozoites for subsequent erythrocyte invasion. here, using conditional mutagenesis in p. berghei, we show tha ... | 2013 | 24089525 |
| comparative susceptibility of different biological forms of anopheles stephensi to plasmodium berghei anka strain. | there are varying degrees of compatibility between malaria parasite-mosquito species, and understanding this compatibility may be crucial for developing effective transmission-blocking vaccines. this study investigates the compatibility of different biological forms of a malaria vector, anopheles stephensi, to plasmodium berghei anka strain. | 2013 | 24086525 |
| mosquitocidal properties of solanum trilobatum l. (solanaceae) leaf extracts against three important human vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | to determine the larvicidal and pupicidal activites of solanum trilobatum (s. trilobatum) leaf extracts against aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti), culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus) and anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2013 | 24083579 |
| larvicidal efficacy of catharanthus roseus linn. (family: apocynaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis against anopheles stephensi liston. | to explore the larvicidal activity of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) leaf extract and bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), when being used alone or together. | 2013 | 24083578 |
| bioefficacy of crude extract of cyperus aromaticus (family: cyperaceae) cultured cells, against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. | to evaluate the growth inhibition activity of the crude extract of cyperus aromaticus (c. aromaticus) cultured cells against the 3rd instar larvae of aedes aegypti (linn.) and aedes albopictus skuse (ae. albopictus) under laboratory conditions, and determine the sublethal effects (ei50) of the crude extract of c. aromaticus cultured cells on some biological and morphological parameters of both aedes mosquito species during two generations as well. | 2013 | 24075340 |
| larvicidal & ovicidal efficacy of pithecellobium dulce (roxb.) benth. (fabaceae) against anopheles stephensi liston & aedes aegypti linn. (diptera: culicidae). | in view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal and ovicidal potential of the crude hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent extracts from the medicinal plant pithecellobium dulce against the mosquito vectors, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | 0 | 24056567 |
| mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activity of synthesized nano-crystalline silver particles using leaves and green berry extract of solanum nigrum l. (solanaceae: solanales). | silver nanoparticles (agnps) that are synthesized by using aqueous extracts of solanum nigrum l., is a simple, non-toxic and ecofriendly green material. the present study is based on assessments of the larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of the synthesized agnps from fresh leaves, dry leaves and green berries of s. nigrum against larvae of culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi and four human pathogenic and five fish pathogenic bacteria respectively. the synthesized nanoparticles are ... | 2013 | 24055718 |
| complex environmental drivers of immunity and resistance in malaria mosquitoes. | considerable research effort has been directed at understanding the genetic and molecular basis of mosquito innate immune mechanisms. whether environmental factors interact with these mechanisms to shape overall resistance remains largely unexplored. here, we examine how changes in mean ambient temperature, diurnal temperature fluctuation and time of day of infection affected the immunity and resistance of anopheles stephensi to infection with escherichia coli. we used quantitative pcr to estima ... | 2013 | 24048159 |
| functional comparison of plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine candidates by the standard membrane-feeding assay. | recently, there has been a renewed interest in the development of transmission-blocking vaccines (tbv) against plasmodium falciparum malaria. while several candidate tbvs have been reported, studies directly comparing them in functional assays are limited. to this end, recombinant proteins of tbv candidates pfs25, pfs230, and pfhap2 were expressed in the wheat germ cell-free expression system. outbred cd-1 mice were immunized twice with the antigens. two weeks after the second immunization, igg ... | 2013 | 24042109 |
| development of the bg-malaria trap as an alternative to human-landing catches for the capture of anopheles darlingi. | although the human-landing catch (hlc) method is the most effective for collecting anthropophilic anophelines, it has been increasingly abandoned, primarily for ethical considerations. the objective of the present study was to develop a new trap for the collection of anopheles darlingi . the initial trials were conducted using the bg-sentinel trap as a standard for further trap development based on colour, airflow direction and illumination. the performance of the trap was then compared with tho ... | 0 | 24037199 |
| relative efficacy of repellent-treated wristbands against three major mosquito (diptera: culicidae) vectors of disease, under laboratory conditions. | a laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the relative efficacy of n-n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet)- and n,n-diethyl phenylacetamide (depa)-treated wristbands against three major vector mosquitoes viz., anopheles stephensi liston, culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.), at two different concentrations viz., 1.5 and 2.0 mg/cm(2). overall, both deet and depa have shown various degrees of repellency impact against all three vector mosquitoes. deet offered the highest 317.0 min mean co ... | 2009 | 24036563 |
| effects of drying eggs and egg storage on hatchability and development of anopheles arabiensis. | the mass rearing of insects requires a large colony from which individuals can be harvested for sterilization and release. attention is given to larval food requirements and to handling and rearing conditions to ensure predictability and synchrony of development. maximizing production requires optimized adult holding to ensure mating success, blood feeding and oviposition. appropriate egg storage and harvesting is necessary to compensate any unpredicted reduction in egg production. | 2013 | 24028497 |
| diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids. | pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. the intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. in the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. the purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium c ... | 0 | 24019556 |
| expression profiling of plasmodium berghei hsp70 genes for generation of bright red fluorescent parasites. | live cell imaging of recombinant malarial parasites encoding fluorescent probes provides critical insights into parasite-host interactions and life cycle progression. in this study, we generated a red fluorescent line of the murine malarial parasite plasmodium berghei. to allow constitutive and abundant expression of the mcherry protein we profiled expression of all members of the p. berghei heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) family. we identified pbhsp70/1, an invariant ortholog of plasmodium falcip ... | 2013 | 24013507 |
| entomopathogenic marine actinomycetes as potential and low-cost biocontrol agents against bloodsucking arthropods. | a novel approach to control strategies for integrated blood-feeding parasite management is in high demand, including the use of biological control agents. the present study aims to determine the efficacy of optimized crude extract of actinomycetes strain lk1 as biological control agent against the fourth-instar larvae of anopheles stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) and adults of haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae), and hippobosca ... | 2013 | 24013340 |
| green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sida acuta (malvaceae) leaf extract against culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, filariasis, encephalitis, west nile virus infection, etc. under the integrated mosquito management, emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. the continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain, and adverse ... | 2013 | 24005479 |
| mosquito larval source management for controlling malaria. | malaria is an important cause of illness and death in people living in many parts of the world, especially sub-saharan africa. long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) reduce malaria transmission by targeting the adult mosquito vector and are key components of malaria control programmes. however, mosquito numbers may also be reduced by larval source management (lsm), which targets mosquito larvae as they mature in aquatic habitats. this is conducted by ... | 2013 | 23986463 |
| prevalence and distribution of human plasmodium infection in pakistan. | both plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum are prevalent in pakistan, yet up-to-date data on the epidemiology of malaria in pakistan are not available. this study was undertaken to determine the current prevalence and distribution of plasmodium species across the country. | 2013 | 23984968 |
| chromosomal inversions among insecticide-resistant strains of anopheles stephensi liston, a malaria mosquito. | polytene chromosomes were prepared from the ovarian nurse cells of semi-gravid females of ten insecticide-resistant strains of anopheles stephensi. altogether, 16 heterozygous paracentric inversions, namely b/+ (11d-16c) in alphamethrin; i/+ (14b-18a) and h/+ (27b-28a) in ddt; j/+ (14a-16b) in chlorpyrifos; k/+ (11d-16b) in cyfluthrin; l/+ (11a-16c) in deltamethrin; m/+ (14b-15c) and e/+ (32a-33b) in bifenthrin; n/+ (12d-14b), f/+ (33a-36a) and g/+ (33c-34a) in propoxur; o/+ (11a-12d), h/+ (37a- ... | 2013 | 23982309 |
| erk signaling couples nutrient status to antiviral defense in the insect gut. | a unique facet of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infection is that the pathogens are orally acquired by an insect vector during the taking of a blood meal, which directly links nutrient acquisition and pathogen challenge. we show that the nutrient responsive erk pathway is both induced by and restricts disparate arboviruses in drosophila intestines, providing insight into the molecular determinants of the antiviral "midgut barrier." wild-type flies are refractory to oral infection by arboviru ... | 2013 | 23980175 |
| short-lived effector cd8 t cells induced by genetically attenuated malaria parasite vaccination express cd11c. | vaccination with a single dose of genetically attenuated malaria parasites can induce sterile protection against sporozoite challenge in the rodent plasmodium yoelii model. protection is dependent on cd8(+) t cells, involves perforin and gamma interferon (ifn-γ), and is correlated with the expansion of effector memory cd8(+) t cells in the liver. here, we have further characterized vaccine-induced changes in the cd8(+) t cell phenotype and demonstrated significant upregulation of cd11c on cd3(+) ... | 2013 | 23980113 |
| in vivo cd8+ t cell dynamics in the liver of plasmodium yoelii immunized and infected mice. | plasmodium falciparum malaria remains one of the most serious health problems globally and a protective malaria vaccine is desperately needed. vaccination with attenuated parasites elicits multiple cellular effector mechanisms that lead to plasmodium liver stage elimination. while granule-mediated cytotoxicity requires contact between cd8+ effector t cells and infected hepatocytes, cytokine secretion should allow parasite killing over longer distances. to better understand the mechanism of paras ... | 2013 | 23967119 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of aloe vera (family: liliaceae) leaf extract and bacillus sphaericus, against chikungunya vector, aedes aegypti. | the bio-efficacy of aloe vera leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, bacillus sphaericus larvicidal activity was assessed against the first to fourth instars larvae of aedes aegypti, under the laboratory conditions. the plant material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. a. vera and b. sphaericus show varied degrees of larvicidal activity against various instars larvae of a. aegypti. the lc50 of a. vera against the first to fourth instars larvae were 162.74, 201.43, 253.30 ... | 2012 | 23961212 |
| anopheles culicifacies breeding in polluted water bodies in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | anopheles culicifacies, the major vector of malaria in sri lanka, is known to breed in clean and clear water. the main objective of the study was to detect the breeding habitat diversity of an. culicifacies. | 2013 | 23958454 |
| protective efficacy of baculovirus dual expression system vaccine expressing plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. | we have previously developed a new malaria vaccine delivery system based on the baculovirus dual expression system (bdes). in this system, expression of malaria antigens is driven by a dual promoter consisting of the baculovirus-derived polyhedrin and mammal-derived cytomegalovirus promoters. to test this system for its potential as a vaccine against human malaria parasites, we investigated immune responses against the newly developed bdes-based plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein vac ... | 2013 | 23951015 |
| bioefficacy of essential oil from polygonum hydropiper l. against mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. | the biological activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of polygonum hydropiper and a compound, confertifolin, isolated from this plant was bioassayed against larva of mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. the essential oil showed the lc50 values of 189 and 243ppm; 217 and 242ppm, confertifolin (6,6,9a-trimethyl-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[1,2-c]furan-3(1h)-one) showed the lc50 values of 2.40 and 3.09ppm; 4.07 and 4.18ppm against the second and fourth inst ... | 2013 | 23942240 |
| long-lasting transition toward sustainable elimination of desert malaria under irrigation development. | in arid areas, people living in the proximity of irrigation infrastructure are potentially exposed to a higher risk of malaria due to changes in ecohydrological conditions that lead to increased vector abundance. however, irrigation provides a pathway to economic prosperity that over longer time scales is expected to counteract these negative effects. a better understanding of this transition between increased malaria risk and regional elimination, in particular whether it is slow or abrupt, is ... | 2013 | 23942131 |
| malaria parasite liver stages render host hepatocytes susceptible to mitochondria-initiated apoptosis. | intracellular eukaryotic parasites and their host cells constitute complex, coevolved cellular interaction systems that frequently cause disease. among them, plasmodium parasites cause a significant health burden in humans, killing up to one million people annually. to succeed in the mammalian host after transmission by mosquitoes, plasmodium parasites must complete intracellular replication within hepatocytes and then release new infectious forms into the blood. using plasmodium yoelii rodent m ... | 2013 | 23928701 |
| the invasive mosquito species aedes albopictus: current knowledge and future perspectives. | one of the most dynamic events in public health is being mediated by the global spread of the invasive mosquito aedes albopictus. its rapid expansion and vectorial capacity for various arboviruses affect an increasingly larger proportion of the world population. responses to the challenges of controlling this vector are expected to be enhanced by an increased knowledge of its biology, ecology, and vector competence. details of population genetics and structure will allow following, and possibly ... | 2013 | 23916878 |
| the role of environmental variables on aedes albopictus biology and chikungunya epidemiology. | aedes albopictus is a vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses in the field, along with around 24 additional arboviruses under laboratory conditions. as an invasive mosquito species, ae. albopictus has been expanding in geographical range over the past 20 years, although the poleward extent of mosquito populations is limited by winter temperatures. nonetheless, population densities depend on environmental conditions and since global climate change projections indicate increasing temperatures and ... | 0 | 23916332 |
| cd8+ t cells specific for a malaria cytoplasmic antigen form clusters around infected hepatocytes and are protective at the liver stage of infection. | following anopheles mosquito-mediated introduction into a human host, plasmodium parasites infect hepatocytes and undergo intensive replication. accumulating evidence indicates that cd8(+) t cells induced by immunization with attenuated plasmodium sporozoites can confer sterile immunity at the liver stage of infection; however, the mechanisms underlying this protection are not clearly understood. to address this, we generated recombinant plasmodium berghei anka expressing a fusion protein of an ... | 2013 | 23897612 |
| insulin signaling and the regulation of insect diapause. | a rich chapter in the history of insect endocrinology has focused on hormonal control of diapause, especially the major roles played by juvenile hormones (jhs), ecdysteroids, and the neuropeptides that govern jh and ecdysteroid synthesis. more recently, experiments with adult diapause in drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito culex pipiens, and pupal diapause in the flesh fly sarcophaga crassipalpis provide strong evidence that insulin signaling is also an important component of the regulatory ... | 2013 | 23885240 |
| successful human infection with p. falciparum using three aseptic anopheles stephensi mosquitoes: a new model for controlled human malaria infection. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) is a powerful method for assessing the efficacy of anti-malaria vaccines and drugs targeting pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of the parasite. chmi has heretofore required the bites of 5 plasmodium falciparum (pf) sporozoite (spz)-infected mosquitoes to reliably induce pf malaria. we reported that chmi using the bites of 3 pfspz-infected mosquitoes reared aseptically in compliance with current good manufacturing practices (cgmp) was successful in ... | 2013 | 23874828 |
| comparison of metabolic capacities and inference of gene content evolution in mosquito-associated spiroplasma diminutum and s. taiwanense. | mosquitoes are hosts of several spiroplasma species that belong to different serogroups. to investigate the genetic mechanisms that may be involved in the utilization of similar hosts in these phylogenetically distinct bacteria, we determined the complete genome sequences of spiroplasma diminutum and s. taiwanense for comparative analysis. the genome alignment indicates that their chromosomal organization is highly conserved, which is in sharp contrast to the elevated genome instabilities observ ... | 0 | 23873917 |
| immunisation against a serine protease inhibitor reduces intensity of plasmodium berghei infection in mosquitoes. | the mosquito innate immune response is able to clear the majority of plasmodium parasites. this immune clearance is controlled by a number of regulatory molecules including serine protease inhibitors (serpins). to determine whether such molecules could represent a novel target for a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine, we vaccinated mice with anopheles gambiae serpin-2. antibodies against anopheles gambiae serpin-2 significantly reduced the infection of a heterologous anopheles species (anophe ... | 2013 | 23872520 |
| post-integration silencing of piggybac transposable elements in aedes aegypti. | the piggybac transposon, originating in the genome of the lepidoptera trichoplusia ni, has a broad host range, making it useful for the development of a number of transposon-based functional genomic technologies including gene vectors, enhancer-, gene- and protein-traps. while capable of being used as a vector for the creation of transgenic insects and insect cell lines, piggybac has very limited mobility once integrated into the genome of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. a transgenic a ... | 2013 | 23861905 |