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a barf1-specific mab as a new immunotherapeutic tool for the management of ebv-related tumors.the use of monoclonal antibodies (mab) for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies is acquiring an increasing clinical importance, thanks to their specificity, efficacy and relative easiness of use. however, in the context of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-related malignancies, only cancers of b-cell origin can benefit from therapeutic mab targeting specific b-cell lineage antigens. to overcome this limitation, we generated a new mab specific for barf1, an ebv-encoded protein with transforming and ...201728507812
hla dependent immune escape mechanisms in b-cell lymphomas: implications for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy?antigen presentation by tumor cells in the context of human leukocyte antigen (hla) is generally considered to be a prerequisite for effective immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. we evaluated cell surface hla class i, hla class ii and cytoplasmic hla-dm staining by immunohistochemistry (ihc) in 389 classical hodgkin lymphomas (chl), 22 nodular lymphocyte predominant hodgkin lymphomas (nlphl), 137 diffuse large b-cell lymphomas (dlbcl), 39 primary central nervous system lymphomas (pcnsl) and 19 ...201728507804
the novel negative checkpoint regulator vista is expressed in gastric carcinoma and associated with pd-l1/pd-1: a future perspective for a combined gastric cancer therapy?a combined blockade of v-domain ig suppressor of t-cell activation (vista) and pd-1 is a promising new cancer treatment option, which was efficient in murine tumor models and is currently tested in first phase i studies. here, we analyzed the vista expression in a large and well-characterized gastric cancer (gc) cohort on 464 therapy-naive gc samples and 14 corresponding liver metastases using immunohistochemistry. staining results were correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics, genet ...201728507801
human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) related lymphomas, pathology view point.the contribution of epstein barr virus (ebv) and kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (kshv) to the development of specific types of malignant lymphomas occurring in the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) setting has been extensively studied since the beginning of the hiv epidemic 35 years ago. the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (haart) in 1996 has changed dramatically the incidence of hiv-related malignancies. nevertheless, malignant lymphomas continue to be the major group of ma ...201728506687
gastric cancer with primitive enterocyte phenotype: an aggressive subgroup of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma.a primitive cell-like gene expression signature is associated with aggressive phenotypes of various cancers. we assessed the expression of phenotypic markers characterizing primitive cells and its correlation with clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics in gastric cancer. immunohistochemical analysis of a panel of primitive phenotypic markers, including embryonic stem cell markers (oct4, nanog, sall4, cldn6, and lin28) and known oncofetal proteins (afp and gpc3), was performed using tiss ...201728505005
epstein-barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and guillain-barre syndrome in a 16-month-old child.a 16-month-old girl was diagnosed with epstein-barr virus hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and transferred to our hospital on the 58th day of the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after treatment failure according to the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2004 protocol. on admission to our hospital, she had a flaccid paralysis of her lower limbs. nerve conduction studies showed a acute motor axonal neuropathy, and a diagnosis of guillain-barre syndrome was established. intravenous immunoglobu ...201728503601
the gastric microbiome and its influence on gastric carcinogenesis: current knowledge and ongoing research.gastric malignancies are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. at least 2 microbial species are currently linked to carcinogenesis and the development of cancer within the human stomach. these include the bacterium helicobacter pylori and the epstein-barr virus. in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that within the human gastrointestinal tract it is not only pathogenic microbes that impact human health but also the corresponding autochthonous microbial communities. thi ...201728501083
umbilical cord blood transplantation without antithymocyte globulin results in similar survival but better quality of life compared with unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for the treatment of acute leukemia-a retrospective study in china.although previous studies have demonstrated improved outcomes in umbilical cord blood transplantation (ucbt) by omitting antithymocyte globulin (atg) in the conditioning regimen, this approach has not been comparatively studied in unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (upbsct). to compare the risks and benefits between ucbt without atg and upbsct in patients with acute leukemia (al), we conducted a multicenter retrospective study of 79 patients who underwent ucbt (myeloablative co ...201728499936
epstein-barr virus and rheumatoid arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, with a 0.5% worldwide prevalence. the cause of ra remains unknown, however both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development. among these is the epstein-barr virus (ebv). here, we discuss several aspects of the close relationship between ebv and ra. patients with ra have impaired control of ebv infection. indeed, they have high titres of antibodies against ebv antigens. their peripheral blood t lympho ...201728499895
pathogenesis and fdg-pet/ct findings of epstein-barr virus-related lymphoid neoplasms.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is one of the most common viruses, infecting more than 90% of the adult population worldwide. ebv genome is detected in some lymphoid neoplasms. not only their histopathological subtypes, but also their backgrounds and their clinical courses are variable. a number of b-cell lymphoproliferative disorders associated with the immunocompromised state are related to ebv infection. the incidences of these disorders have been increasing along with generalization of organ transp ...201728497429
massive intracerebral epstein-barr virus reactivation in lethal multiple sclerosis relapse after natalizumab withdrawal.rebound of disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients after natalizumab withdrawal is a potentially life-threatening event. to verify whether highly destructive inflammation after natalizumab withdrawal is associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv) reactivation in central nervous system infiltrating b-lineage cells and cytotoxic immunity, we analyzed post-mortem brain tissue from a patient who died during a fulminating ms relapse following natalizumab withdrawal. numerous ebv infected b cells ...201728495131
crispr/cas9 screens reveal epstein-barr virus-transformed b cell host dependency factors.epstein-barr virus (ebv) causes endemic burkitt lymphoma (bl) and immunosuppression-related lymphomas. these b cell malignancies arise by distinct transformation pathways and have divergent viral and host expression programs. to identify host dependency factors resulting from these ebv+, b cell-transformed cell states, we performed parallel genome-wide crispr/cas9 loss-of-function screens in bl and lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls). these highlighted 57 bl and 87 lcl genes uniquely important for ...201728494239
transcriptome-wide analysis of alternative rna splicing events in epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinomas.multiple human diseases including cancer have been associated with a dysregulation in rna splicing patterns. in the current study, modifications to the global rna splicing landscape of cellular genes were investigated in the context of epstein-barr virus-associated gastric cancer. global alterations to the rna splicing landscape of cellular genes was examined in a large-scale screen from 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas using high-throughput rna sequencing data. rt-pcr analysis, mass spectrom ...201728493890
epstein-barr virus rta-mediated accumulation of dna methylation interferes with ctcf binding in both host and viral genomes.rta, an epstein-barr virus (ebv) immediate-early protein, reactivates viral lytic replication that is closely associated with tumorigenesis. in previous studies, we demonstrated that in epithelial cells rta efficiently induced cellular senescence, which is an irreversible g1 arrest likely to provide a favorable environment for productive replications of ebv and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). to restrict progression of the cell cycle, rta simultaneously upregulates cdk inhibitors ...201728490592
chronic active epstein-barr virus infection associated with hemophagocytic syndrome and extra-nodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma in an 18-year-old girl: a case report.chronic active epstein-barr virus infection (caebv) associated with hemophagocytic syndrome (hps) and extra-nodal natural killer (nk)/t-cell lymphoma (enkl) is a rare life-threatening disorder. this disease is easily misdiagnosed because of its varied presentations.201728489771
clinical and virologic outcomes in high-risk adult epstein-barr virus mismatched organ transplant recipients.epstein-barr virus (ebv) d+/r- organ transplant recipients are a high-risk group for developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld). little data are available for prevention in the adult ebv mismatched population. we conducted a retrospective study of ebv d+/r- organ transplants performed during 2002-2014. of the 153 patients identified, 82.4% patients received antiviral prophylaxis with valganciclovir for a median of 4.5 months (range: 0.8-22 months) and 36.6% underwent viral loa ...201728489256
dorsolumbar spine epstein barr virus associated leiomyosarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus patient. 201728488650
new daily persistent headache: historical review and an interview with dr. walter vanast.new daily persistent headache (ndph) is an idiopathic headache syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of an unremitting, daily, continuous headache without an antecedent escalating headache pattern, and not attributable to other primary or secondary headache disorders. we review the history of ndph in terms of its characterization and classification, and then interview dr. walter vanast, the neurologist who initially described ndph three decades ago, to gain his perspective now that there is ...201728488355
ebv-negative monomorphic b-cell posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder with marked morphologic pleomorphism and pathogenic mutations in asxl1, bcor, cdkn2a, nf1, and tp53.posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (ptlds) are a diverse group of lymphoid or plasmacytic proliferations frequently driven by epstein-barr virus (ebv). ebv-negative ptlds appear to represent a distinct entity. this report describes an unusual case of a 33-year-old woman that developed a monomorphic ebv-negative ptld consistent with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) 13 years after heart-lung transplant. histological examination revealed marked pleomorphism of the malignant cells inc ...201728487787
a rare case of angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma with epstein-barr virus-negative reed-sternberg-like b-cells, chylous ascites, and chylothorax.angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma is a rare non-hodgkin lymphoma with dismal prognosis. the median age of presentation ranges from 62 to 69 years with generalized lymphadenopathy, b symptoms, and hepatosplenomegaly as the most prevalent symptoms. the combination of b-cell and t-cell proliferations is common in aitl and the b-cell component may resemble reed-sternberg-like b-cells. epstein-barr virus is estimated to be present in 80-95% of aitl biopsies. only a handful of ebv-negative aitl cases ...201728487786
the methylation status and expression of epstein-barr virus early genes barf1 and bhrf1 in epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinomas.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is an important dna virus which establishes latent infection in human malignancies. expression of ebv-encoded genes in the associated tumors is strongly modulated by promoter cpg methylation of ebv genome. this study aimed to explore the methylation status of the promoters of ebv bamhi-a rightward frame 1 (barf1) and bamhi-h rightward open reading frame 1 (bhrf1) and their influence on transcriptional expression, to further understand the roles of barf1 and bhrf1 in the ...201728487730
cd30 expression in extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type among 622 cases of mature t-cell and natural killer-cell lymphoma at a single institution in south china.mature t-cell and natural killer (nk)-cell lymphomas compose a heterogeneous group of non-hodgkin lymphomas, and extranodal nk/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type (enktl) is an aggressive subtype with sporadic cd30 expression. however, the significance of cd30 expression in enktl is controversial. we aimed to classify a large cohort of patients with mature t-cell and nk-cell lymphomas according to the 2016 world health organization (who) classification guidelines and to study the association between cd3 ...201728486951
epstein-barr virus-induced vegf and gm-csf drive nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via recruitment and activation of macrophages.chronic inflammation induced by persistent microbial infection plays an essential role in tumor progression. although it is well documented that epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), how ebv-induced inflammation promotes npc progression remains largely unknown. here, we report that tumor infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (tam) and expression of ccl18, the cytokine preferentially secreted by tam, closely correlate with serum ebv i ...201728484077
preanalytical stability of antibodies to pathogenic antigens.background: serologic testing for antibodies against epitopes from pathogens is a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between infection and disease. this study comprehensively evaluates the impact of preanalytic variation on antibody seropositivities to a selected set of antigens arising from delays in processing of blood samples, preprocessing storage temperature, and vacutainer type.methods: we assessed peripheral blood collected from 29 volunteers in four different vacutainer typ ...201728483968
checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies.inhibitory molecules such as pd-1, ctla-4, lag-3, or tim-3 play a role to keep a balance in immune function. however, many cancers exploit such molecules to escape immune surveillance. accumulating data support that their functions are dysregulated in lymphoid neoplasms, including plasma cell myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. in lymphoid neoplasms, aberrations in 9p24.1 (pd-l1, pd-l2, and jak2 locus), latent epstein-barr virus infection, pd-l1 3'-untranslated region ...201728482851
[two families of x-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1 characterized by agammaglobulinemia].objective: to investigate the clinical and immunological laboratory features, mutations in sh2d1a gene and sap protein expression in four children of two families with x-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1(xlp-1). method: four patients (family a including patient 1 and patient 2, family b including patient 3 and patient 4) and their maternal relatives were enrolled in this study. the clinical manifestation, ebv infection status and chest ct scan were analyzed. the absolute and relative num ...201728482391
the spread of ebv to ectopic lymphoid aggregates may be the final common pathway in the pathogenesis of me/cfs.according to the hypothesis presented here, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (me/cfs) develops over 3 steps: step 1 is characterized by the aggregation of lymphoid cells in dorsal root ganglia or other nervous structures. the cause of this formation of ectopic lymphoid aggregates may be an acute infection, asymptomatic reactivations of a common neurotropic virus, exposure to a neurotoxin, or physical injury to peripheral nerves. in step 2, epstein-barr virus (ebv)-infected lymp ...201728478837
epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in the skin.epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated lymphoproliferations involving the skin are a rare but important group of diseases with a broad spectrum of behavior, ranging from self-limiting spontaneously resolving disorders to highly aggressive malignancies. they may be of b, t, or natural killer (nk) cell type and include ebv-positive mucocutaneous ulcer, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, ebv-positive diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder, and extranodal nk/t-ce ...201728477890
primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma presenting as bilateral erythematous patches on the arms.natural killer/t-cell lymphoma is a rare, epstein-barr virus-associated type of cytotoxic lymphoma thatpresents mainly in the nasal cavity and its vicinity. very few cases of primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma have been reported till date. all the previously reported cases of primary cutaneous extranodalnatural killer/t-cell lymphoma presented as lesions resembling cellulitis, subcutaneous nodules or ulcers. we report a rare case which presented as erythematous and purpu ...201728474639
emerging insights on the pathogenesis and treatment of extranodal nk/t cell lymphomas (enktl).extranodal nk/t-cell lymphoma (enktl) is a rare aggressive extranodal non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) universally associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv). enktl most commonly occurs in non-elderly immune competent males in asia and south america. a number of antecedent lymphoproliferative disorders (lpds) have been described in asian and south american patients, but the majority of caucasian enktl patients have no known preceding lpd or underlying immunodeficiency. other than ebv, no environmental o ...201728472613
characterizing the cellular immune response to parainfluenza virus 3.parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, with no approved therapies. our group has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of adoptively transferred virus-specific t cells for the prevention and treatment of a broad range of viral infections including bk virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and epstein-barr virus. however, this approach is restricted to well-characterized viruses with known immuno ...201728472480
immunodeficiency-associated lymphoid hyperplasia as a cause of intussusception in a case of activated pi3k-δ syndrome.activated pi3k-δ syndrome refers to a recently described primary immunodeficiency syndrome consisting of recurrent sinopulmonary infections, lymphadenopathy, mucosal lymphoid aggregates, increased susceptibility to epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus, and increased incidence of b-cell lymphomas. variants in pik3cd, which encodes the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform, enhance membrane association and kinase activity, resulting in increased signal tr ...201728469999
molecular diagnosis of central nervous system opportunistic infections and mortality in hiv-infected adults in central china.csf pcr is the standard diagnostic technique used in resource-rich settings to detect pathogens of the cns infection. however, it is not currently used for routine csf testing in china. knowledge of cns opportunistic infections among people living with hiv in china is limited.201728469695
two alternate strategies for innate immunity to epstein-barr virus: one using nk cells and the other nk cells and γδ t cells.most humans become infected with epstein-barr virus (ebv), which then persists for life. infrequently, ebv infection causes infectious mononucleosis (im) or burkitt lymphoma (bl). type i ebv infection, particularly type i bl, stimulates strong responses of innate immune cells. humans respond to ebv in two alternative ways. of 24 individuals studied, 13 made strong nk and γδ t cell responses, whereas 11 made feeble γδ t cell responses but stronger nk cell responses. the difference does not correl ...201728468758
fluorescence in situ hybridization is superior for monitoring epstein barr viral load in infectious mononucleosis patients.epstein barr virus (ebv) plays a causal role in some diseases, including infectious mononucleosis, lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. detection of ebv infection has been shown to be a useful tool for diagnosing ebv-related diseases. in the present study, we compared the performance of molecular tests, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and ebv real-time pcr, to those of serological assays for the detection of ebv infection.201728468603
multiple viral infections in primary effusion lymphoma: a model of viral cooperation in lymphomagenesis.primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a rare b-cell lymphoid neoplasm mainly associated with hiv infection, presenting as pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial effusions. a defining property of pel is its consistent association with kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection, and, in most cases, epstein barr virus (ebv) co-infection. on these grounds, a review of the literature related to viral cooperation and lymphomagenesis can help to understand the complex interplay between kshv and ...201728468596
functionality testing of stem cell grafts to predict infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is a routine clinical procedure performed to treat patients with haematological malignancies, primary immune deficiencies or metabolic disorders. infections during lymphopenia after allogeneic hsct are associated with high mortality and morbidity. typical infectious agents are epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus and fungi. the study aim was to evaluate whether measurement of the responses of a ...201728466551
comprehensive transcriptome and mutational profiling of endemic burkitt lymphoma reveals ebv type-specific differences.endemic burkitt lymphoma (ebl) is the most common pediatric cancer in malaria-endemic equatorial africa and nearly always contains epstein-barr virus (ebv), unlike sporadic burkitt lymphoma (sbl) that occurs with a lower incidence in developed countries. given these differences and the variable clinical presentation and outcomes, we sought to further understand pathogenesis by investigating transcriptomes using rna sequencing (rnaseq) from multiple primary ebl tumors compared with sbl tumors. wi ...201728465297
plasma viral mirnas indicate a high prevalence of occult viral infections.prevalence of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8) varies greatly in different populations. we hypothesized that the actual prevalence of kshv/hhv8 infection in humans is underestimated by the currently available serological tests. we analyzed four independent patient cohorts with post-surgical or post-chemotherapy sepsis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and post-surgical patients with abdominal surgical interventions. levels of specific kshv-encoded mirnas were measured by reverse tr ...201728465156
childhood life events, immune activation and the development of mood and anxiety disorders: the trails study.the experience of childhood life events is associated with higher vulnerability to develop psychiatric disorders. one of the pathways suggested to lead to this vulnerability is activation of the immune system. the aim of this study is to find out whether the association between childhood life events and the development of mood and anxiety disorders is predicted by the activation of the immune system. this study was performed in trails, a large prospective population cohort, from which a subgroup ...201728463238
epstein-barr virus infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma in egyptian women: a single center experience.a controversy of the role of epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection in breast carcinomas has been reported in the literature.201728462850
gastric cancer in the era of precision medicine.gastric cancer (gc) remains the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with limited therapeutic strategies available. with the advent of next-generation sequencing and new preclinical model technologies, our understanding of its pathogenesis and molecular alterations continues to be revolutionized. recently, the genomic landscape of gc has been delineated. molecular characterization and novel therapeutic targets of each molecular subtype have been identified. at the same time, patien ...201728462377
bilateral chorioretinal scars in a child - case report.the eye manifestations of intrauterine infections are multiple, but chorioretinal scars and/or active chorioretinitis are the most frequently reported. when associated with other systemic manifestations of the infection, the diagnosis becomes more obvious, but when eye involvement is the only abnormality, etiology often remains uncertain. we are presenting the case of an 8-year-old female patient whose fundus lesions revealed an unusual choroidoretinopathy, associated with cataract in one eye. h ...201628461838
the multiple sclerosis (ms) genetic risk factors indicate both acquired and innate immune cell subsets contribute to ms pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic opportunities.multiple sclerosis (ms) is known to be a partially heritable autoimmune disease. the risk of developing ms increases from typically 1 in 1,000 in the normal population to 1 in 4 or so for identical twins where one twin is affected. much of this heritability is now explained and is due almost entirely to genes affecting the immune response. the largest and first identified genetic risk factor is an allele from the mhc class ii hla-drb1 gene, hla-drb1*15:01, which increases risk about threefold. t ...201728458668
development of a robust, higher throughput green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based epstein-barr virus (ebv) micro-neutralization assay.the goal of most prophylactic vaccines is to elicit robust and effective neutralizing antibodies against the human pathogen target. the titer of neutralizing antibodies to epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a useful biomarker for evaluating ebv vaccines. here, the development and optimization of a 96-well micro-neutralization fluorescent imaging assay (fia) using an ebv virus-encoding green fluorescent protein (gfp) to infect adherent ebv recipient cells is reported. the conditions were optimized for g ...201728457783
lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma: clinicopathological characteristics and infection status.lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma (llgc) is a rare subtype of gastric carcinoma (gc) characterized by prominent lymphocytic infiltration. llgc may be associated with latent epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection or microsatellite instability (msi). this study aims to assess the clinicopathological characteristics, ebv infection, and msi status in llgc.201728457323
intravenous immunoglobulin for pediatric neuropsychiatric lupus triggered by epstein-barr virus cerebral infection. 201628457083
"the girl who grew horns": temporal swelling as an atypical presenting symptom of epstein-barr virus infection. 201628457082
increased risk of ptld in lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis.post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. recipients with cystic fibrosis (cf) may have an increased risk of ptld although the literature is limited to single center cohorts. our primary aim is to examine ptld in an adult lung transplant population by utilizing the international society for heart and lung transplantation registry.201728456611
herpesviruses hijack host exosomes for viral pathogenesis.herpesviruses are remarkable pathogens possessing elaborate mechanisms to seize various host cellular components for immune evasion, replication, and virion egress. as viruses are dependent upon their hosts, investigating this intricate interplay has revealed that the exosome pathway is utilised by alpha (herpes simplex virus 1), beta (human cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 6) and gamma (epstein-barr virus, and kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) herpesviruses. virions and exosomes shar ...201728456604
suppression of epstein-barr virus dna load in latently infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by crispr/cas9.epstein-barr virus (ebv) infects more than 90% of the world's adult population. once established, latent infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells with ebv is difficult to eradicate and might lead to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) in a small subset of individuals. in this study we explored the anti-ebv potential of crispr/cas9 targeting of ebv genome in infected npc cells. we designed grnas to target different regions of the ebv genome and transfected them into c666-1 cells ...201728456574
parp1 restricts epstein barr virus lytic reactivation by binding the bzlf1 promoter.the epstein barr virus (ebv) genome persists in infected host cells as a chromatinized episome and is subject to chromatin-mediated regulation. binding of the host insulator protein ctcf to the ebv genome has an established role in maintaining viral latency type, and in other herpesviruses, loss of ctcf binding at specific regions correlates with viral reactivation. here, we demonstrate that binding of parp1, an important cofactor of ctcf, at the bzlf1 lytic switch promoter restricts ebv reactiv ...201728456021
primary lymphocyte infection models for kshv and its putative tumorigenesis mechanisms in b cell lymphomas.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the latest addition to the human herpesvirus family. unlike alpha- and beta-herpesvirus subfamily members, gamma-herpesviruses, including epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kshv, cause various tumors in humans. kshv primarily infects endothelial and b cells in vivo, and is associated with at least three malignancies: kaposi's sarcoma and two b cell lymphomas, respectively. although kshv readily infects endothelial cells in vitro and thus its pathogenic ...201728455586
filaggrin gene polymorphism associated with epstein-barr virus-associated tumors in china.mutations of filaggrin gene (flg) have been identified as the cause of ichthyosis vulgaris, while recently flg mutations were found to be associated with gastric cancer. this study aimed to investigate the association of filaggrin polymorphism with epstein-barr virus-associated tumors in china. a total of 200 patients with three types of tumors and 117 normal control samples were genotyped at three common flg mutation loci (rs3126085, k4671x, r501x) by using sequenom massarray technique. the χ ( ...201728455573
epstein-barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer in crohn's disease. a condition to consider in immunosuppressed ibd patients.epstein-barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (ebvmcu) is a little known entity that can affect the oropharyngeal mucosa, the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. the main risk factor for the development of this lesion is immunosuppression. because its features are similar to other epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, a differential diagnosis can sometimes prove challenging. here, we report the case of a man diagnosed with crohn's disease and treated with azathioprine a ...201728454852
oculomotor nerve palsy as a preceding symptom of adult sporadic burkitt lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.adult sporadic burkitt lymphoma (bl) is a rare aggressive neoplasm and represents ~1-5% of all lymphomas diagnosed in adults. the disease exhibits an aggressive clinical manifestation, which frequently involves the central nervous system (cns) in the early stages, and is usually accompanied by abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) examinations and/or neuroradiography. the current study describes the rare case of a 29-year-old man who presented with oculomotor nerve palsy without palpated ma ...201728454254
elimination of lmp1-expressing cells from a monolayer of gastric cancer ags cells.epstein-barr virus (ebv) latently infects malignant epithelial cells in approximately 10% of all gastric cancers. latent membrane protein 1 (lmp1), an oncogenic protein, plays an important role in malignant transformation in ebv-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and b-cell lymphoma; however, its expression has not been detected in ebv-associated gastric cancer. to address why lmp1 has not been detected in ebv-positive gastric tumors, we focused on the interactions between lmp1-positive and -ne ...201728454117
epstein-barr virus-associated gastric cancer reveals intratumoral heterogeneity of pik3ca mutations.recent whole-genome sequencing identified four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer (gc), of which the subgroup of epstein-barr virus-associated gc (ebvagc) showed a significant enrichment of pik3ca mutations. we here aimed to validate independently the enrichment of pik3ca mutations in ebvagc of a central european gc cohort, to correlate ebv status with clinico-pathological patient characteristics and to test for a major issue of gc, intratumoral heterogeneity.201728453696
epidemiological surveillance of herpes viral encephalitis in cordoba, colombia.objective to establish an epidemiological surveillance of viral herpes encephalitis in major hospitals of monteria, cordoba. methods from september 2009 to december 2011, a descriptive study of cases of viral encephalitis was made in three hospitals in the city of monteria. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from 118 patients were included in the study. clinical aspects, as well as cytochemical and microbiological analysis (gram stain and culture) of csf, were used for selecting the patients. vir ...201628453063
cytokine production peculiarities in different forms of epstein-barr virus infection.in article presented results of the study of basic levels of regulatory cytokines in patients with various forms of epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. analysis of the dynamics of cytokine profile in patients with ebv infection revealed the opposite changes studied synthesis of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which was the basis for the establishment of the four types of immune response. the findings confirm the existence of cytokine imbalance with ebv infection. the established ...201728452728
kidney transplant after hematopoietic cell transplant in pediatrics: infectious and immunosuppressive considerations.pediatric patients requiring kidney transplant after hematopoietic cell transplant receive multiple courses of immunosuppression placing them at risk for infection. to elucidate potential risk factors for infection, we compared the immunosuppressive regimens and infectious complications of pediatric kidney transplant recipients at a single institution who had previously undergone hematopoietic cell transplant from different donors to similar patients reported in the literature. among the initial ...201728452096
treatment of primary central nervous system posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in an adult kidney transplant recipient: a case report.posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a serious complication of solid-organ transplant. extranodal involvement is common; however, isolated involvement of the central nervous system is extremely rare and represents a particularly difficult therapeutic challenge with no current consensus on optimal treatment. here, we describe a 70-year-old woman who developed epstein-barr virus-related primary central nervous system lymphoma 19 months after kidney transplant. immunosuppression was reduc ...201728447926
splenic epstein-barr virus-associated inflammatory pseudotumor.splenic inflammatory pseudotumor (ipt) is an uncommon lesion with an inflammatory morphologic aspect that often poses a diagnostic challenge. the etiology of ipt can be infectious, autoimmune, reactive, or neoplastic. splenic epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated ipts form a subset of splenic ipts in which there is a spindle cell component infected by ebv. the best characterized and most frequent subgroup of splenic ebv-associated ipt is ipt-like follicular dendritic cell tumor. this review also f ...201728447898
investigational drugs for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is endemic to southern china and asia and is etiologically associated with the epstein barr virus (ebv). whole exome and genome sequencing (wes, wgs) studies of npc have reported several actionable therapeutic targets, and that the mutational load of npc maybe comparable to that of squamous head and neck cancer. these unique biological characteristics have been exploited as potential targets and a wide range of investigational drugs are being investigated in clinic ...201728446055
hepatitis due to epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus: clinical features and outcomes.to determine the frequency of cytomegalovirus (cmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) hepatitis among those with acute cmv and ebv infection in a population based setting and to compare these two types of hepatitis and analyze the outcomes.201728446048
lmp1+slamf1high cells are associated with drug resistance in epstein-barr virus-positive farage cells.how epstein-barr virus (ebv) affects the clinical outcome of ebv-positive diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) remains largely unknown. the viral oncogene lmp1 is at the crux of tumorigenesis and cell survival. therefore, we examined the association between lmp1high cells drug resistance. we first assessed slamf1 as a surrogate marker for lmp1high cells. lmp1 and its target gene ccl22 were highly expressed in slamf1high farage cells. these cells survived longer following treatment with a combin ...201728445949
post-transplant malignancy after pediatric kidney transplantation: retrospective analysis of incidence and risk factors in 884 patients receiving transplants between 1963 and 2015 at the university of minnesota.post-transplant malignancy (ptm) remains a concern among pediatric kidney transplant (pkt) recipients.201728445794
extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a rare but critical diagnosis. 201728443316
disarming cellular alarm systems-manipulation of stress-induced nkg2d ligands by human herpesviruses.the coevolution of viruses and their hosts led to the repeated emergence of cellular alert signals and viral strategies to counteract them. the herpesvirus family of viruses displays the most sophisticated repertoire of immune escape mechanisms enabling infected cells to evade immune recognition and thereby maintain infection. the herpesvirus family consists of nine viruses that are capable of infecting humans: herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), epstein-ba ...201728443092
comparison of circulating tumour cells and circulating cell-free epstein-barr virus dna in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy.quantification of epstein-barr virus (ebv) cell-free dna (cfdna) is commonly used in clinical settings as a circulating biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), but there has been no comparison with circulating tumour cells (ctcs). our study aims to compare the performance of ctc enumeration against ebv cfdna quantitation through digital pcr (dpcr) and quantitative pcr. 74 plasma samples from 46 npc patients at baseline and one month after radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy ...201628442757
long-term nitrite inhalant exposure and cancer risk in msm.nitrite inhalants (poppers) are commonly used recreational drugs among msm and were previously associated with elevated rates of high-risk sexual behavior, hiv and human herpesvirus type 8 (hhv-8) seroconversion, and transient immunosuppressive effects in experimental models. whether long-term popper use is associated with cancer risk among msm in the haart era is unclear.201728441176
viral aetiologies of acute encephalitis in a hospital-based south asian population.the aetiological spectrum of acute encephalitis shows inter- and intra-geographical variations. we aimed to identify the viruses that cause infectious encephalitis in sri lanka, which represents a south asian population.201728438128
disruption of direct 3d telomere-trf2 interaction through two molecularly disparate mechanisms is a hallmark of primary hodgkin and reed-sternberg cells.in classical hodgkin's lymphoma (chl), specific changes in the 3d telomere organization cause progression from mononuclear hodgkin cells (h) to multinucleated reed-sternberg cells (rs). in a post-germinal center b-cell in vitro model, permanent latent membrane protein 1 (lmp1) expression, as observed in epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated chl, results in multinuclearity and complex chromosomal aberrations through downregulation of key element of the shelterin complex, the telomere repeat binding ...201728436953
chromosomal instability in gastric cancer biology.gastric cancer (gc) is the fifth most common cancer in the world and accounts for 7% of the total cancer incidence. the prognosis of gc is dismal in western countries due to late diagnosis: approximately 70% of the patients die within 5 years following initial diagnosis. recently, integrative genomic analyses led to the proposal of a molecular classification of gc into four subtypes, i.e.,microsatellite-instable, epstein-barr virus-positive, chromosomal-instable (cin), and genomically stable gcs ...201728431273
clinical utility of circulating cell-free epstein-barr virus dna in patients with gastric cancer.recent comprehensive molecular subtyping of gastric cancer (gc) identified epstein-barr virus (ebv)-positive tumors as a subtype with distinct salient molecular and clinical features. in this study, we aimed to determine the potential utility of circulating cell-free ebv dna as a biomarker for the detection and/or monitoring of therapeutic response in patients with ebv-associated gastric carcinoma (ebvagc). the ebv genes-to-ribonuclease p rna component h1 ratios (ebv ratios) in the gc tumors and ...201728430637
latent membrane protein 1 (lmp1) expression in hodgkin lymphoma and its correlation with clinical and histologic parameters.hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most prevalent lymphoproliferative disorders in pakistan; however, no risk factors for this disease have yet to be established in our population. epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a well-known risk factor for hodgkin lymphoma in endemic regions of the world; however, frequency of its association in our population has not been widely studied. latent membrane protein 1 (lmp1) expression by immunohistochemistry (ihc) is a surrogate marker of ebv in hodgkin lymphoma. therefo ...201728427406
her2-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified virus-specific t cells for progressive glioblastoma: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial.glioblastoma is an incurable tumor, and the therapeutic options for patients are limited.201728426845
epstein-barr virus ensures b cell survival by uniquely modulating apoptosis at early and late times after infection.latent epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is causally linked to several human cancers. ebv expresses viral oncogenes that promote cell growth and inhibit the apoptotic response to uncontrolled proliferation. the ebv oncoprotein lmp1 constitutively activates nfκb and is critical for survival of ebv-immortalized b cells. however, during early infection ebv induces rapid b cell proliferation with low levels of lmp1 and little apoptosis. therefore, we sought to define the mechanism of survival in th ...201728425914
epstein-barr virus (ebv)-encoded small rnas (ebers) associated with poor prognosis of head and neck carcinomas.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is the main cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), also found in other head and neck carcinomas (hnsccs) where its role remains controversial.201728423694
epstein-barr virus encoded microrna bart7 regulates radiation sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is very sensitive to radiotherapy. to date, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. here, we demonstrated that expression of ebv-encoded microrna bart7 (ebv-mir-bart7) increases responsiveness of npc to radiation treatment by targeting gfpt1/tgfβ1 signaling. gfpt1 is the the key rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine signaling pathway and governs tgfβ1 production. tgfβ1, a pleotropic cytokine with the potency to trigg ...201728423621
detection of human papillomavirus genotypes and epstein-barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinomas at the korle-bu teaching hospital, ghana.nasopharyngeal carcinomas (npc) are endemic in far east asia and commonly harbour epstein-barr virus (ebv) which is known to serve as a key oncogenic promoter. human papillomavirus (hpv) is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of npc. however, in ghana these two viruses have not been linked to npc prevalence. this study was designed to determine the hpv genotypes and ebv involved in npc tissue biopsies. a retrospective study design involving 72 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (ffpet) ...201728421207
status of epstein-barr virus coinfection with helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer.epstein-barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (gc). the persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. this chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. about 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, h. p ...201728421114
association of cognitive function and liability to addiction with childhood herpesvirus infections: a prospective cohort study.liability to substance use disorder (sud) is largely nonspecific to particular drugs and is related to behavior dysregulation, including reduced cognitive control. recent data suggest that cognitive mechanisms may be influenced by exposure to neurotropic infections, such as human herpesviruses. in this study, serological evidence of exposure to human herpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and epstein-barr virus (ebv) as well as toxoplasma gondii was determined in ...201728420448
anti-mog antibody-positive adem following infectious mononucleosis due to a primary ebv infection: a case report.anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) antibodies are detected in various demyelinating diseases, such as pediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem), recurrent optic neuritis, and aquaporin-4 antibody-seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. we present a patient who developed anti-mog antibody-positive adem following infectious mononucleosis (im) due to epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection.201728420330
mutational landscape of b-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.it is currently unclear whether post-transplant diffuse large b-cell lymphomas (pt-dlbcl) display a similar genomic landscape as dlbcl in immunocompetent patients (ic-dlbcl). we investigated 50 post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (ptlds) including 37 pt-dlbcl samples for somatic mutations frequently observed in ic-dlbcl. targeted next generation sequencing (ngs) using the ion torrent platform and a customized panel of 68 genes was performed on genomic dna. non-tumoural tissue was seque ...201728419429
complementary utility of targeted next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry panels as a screening platform to select targeted therapy for advanced gastric cancer.we tested the clinical utility of combined profiling of ion torrent pgm based next-generation sequencing (ngs) and immunohistochemistry (ihc) for assignment to molecularly targeted therapies. a consecutive cohort of 93 patients with advanced/metastatic gc who underwent palliative chemotherapy between march and december 2015 were prospectively enrolled. formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor biopsy specimens were subjected to a 10 gc panels [epstein barr virus encoding rna in-situ hybridization, ...201728418920
the pd-1, pd-l1 expression and cd3+ t cell infiltration in relation to outcome in advanced gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma, representing a potential biomarker for immunotherapy.recent data supports a potentially significant role for immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of gastric cancer. however, there are few data on the clinical implications of immunotherapy markers in gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (srcc). we evaluated the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (pd-1), programmed cell death ligand 1(pd-l1), infiltration by cd3+ t cell, microsatellite instability (msi), and epstein-barr virus (ebv), and the relationship of each factor to survival ...201728418918
epstein-barr virus infection induces genome-wide de novo dna methylation in non-neoplastic gastric epithelial cells.epstein-barr virus (ebv)-positive gastric cancer (gc) shows a higher dna methylation epigenotype. ebv infection can causally induce genome-wide aberrant dna methylation, as previously demonstrated by in vitro infection experiments in the low-methylation gc cell line mkn7. however, whether ebv exerts dna methylation remodelling properties in non-neoplastic epithelial cells remains unclear. here we performed post-infection time-series dna methylation analyses using the immortalized normal gastric ...201728418084
high trait shame undermines the protective effects of prevalence knowledge on state shame following hpv/cin diagnosis in women.human papillomavirus (hpv), and the related, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), are common yet poorly understood physical conditions. the diagnosis of hpv often elicits shame and guilt, which in turn may undermine psychological and physical health. the current study compared shame and guilt responses to diagnosis among two groups: women diagnosed with hpv/cin and women diagnosed with epstein-barr virus (ebv/im). eighty women recently diagnosed with hpv/cin or ebv/im completed measures of ...201728417294
[bilateral facial nerve palsy associated with epstein-barr virus infection in a 3-year-old boy].bilateral facial nerve palsy is a rare and sometimes difficult diagnosis. we describe a case of bilateral simultaneous facial nerve palsy associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection in a 3-year-old boy. several symptoms led to the diagnosis of ebv infection: the clinical situation (fever, stomachache, and throat infection), white blood cell count (5300/mm(3) with 70% lymphocyte count), seroconversion with ebv-specific antibodies, lymphocytic meningitis, and a positive blood ebv polymerase ...201728416425
interaction of epstein-barr virus genes with human gastric carcinoma transcriptome.gastric carcinoma (gc) is a leading cause of mortality. 10% of gc cases are related with ebv (epstein-barr virus) infection. the detailed mechanistic roles ebv genes play and especially the interaction between the viral genes and human genes in gc remain unclear. in this study, raw fastq data from 285 gc samples were downloaded from tcga (the cancer genome atlas), including 25 ebv positive (ebv+) gc samples and 260 ebv negative (ebv-) gc samples. rna-seq based expression data were generated for ...201728415594
ebv-encoded micrornas profile evaluation in pediatric liver transplant recipients.epstein-barr virus (ebv) infects 90% of the world population, commonly causing self-limiting infectious mononucleosis or rarely inciting a range of malignancies. ebv micrornas (mirnas) were discovered by sequencing libraries of small rnas generated from several ebv-positive cell lines. little is known about their roles, but their high stability and easy quantification make these molecules potential biomarkers.201728414949
the epstein-barr virus mir-bhrf1-1 targets rnf4 during productive infection to promote the accumulation of sumo conjugates and the release of infectious virus.post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) regulates a variety of cellular functions, and is hijacked by viruses to remodel the host cell during latent and productive infection. here we have monitored the activity of the sumo conjugation machinery in cells productively infected with epstein-barr virus (ebv). we found that sumo2/3 conjugates accumulate during the late phase of the productive virus cycle, and identified several viral proteins as bone fide sumoylati ...201728414785
hepatic inflammatory pseudotumour-like follicular dendritic cell tumor: a case report.hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (ipt)-like follicular dendritic cell (fdc) tumor is a rare neoplasm. we herein report the case of 19-year-old female patient with an ipt-like fdc tumor and summarize 24 cases of hepatic fdc tumors previously reported in the english literature. the patient presented with complaints of abdominal discomfort, without significant laboratory abnormalities, and underwent surgical removal of a hepatic tumor. the resected tumor was 6 cm in the longest diameter and the tum ...201728413665
vandetanib and adam inhibitors synergistically attenuate the pathological migration of ebv-infected retinal pigment epithelial cells by regulating the vegf-mediated mapk pathway.the extracellular signals induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) are implicated in choroidal neovascularization (cnv) and thus, are associated with vision-limiting complications in the human retina. vandetanib is an oral anticancer drug that selectively inhibits the activities of vegf receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase; however, the effects of vandetanib on vegf in retinal pigment epithelial (rpe) cells have not yet been studied. in the present study, a c ...201728413487
branchial cleft cyst: an unusual site for the cervical metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.cancers found in the resected branchial cleft cyst are rare clinically but usually impose substantive diagnostic and treatment challenges for clinicians.201728413147
acute kidney injury in symptomatic primary epstein-barr virus infectious mononucleosis: systematic review.textbooks and reviews do not mention the association of symptomatic primary epstein-barr virus infectious mononucleosis with acute kidney injury in subjects without immunodeficiency or autoimmunity.201728410496
pathogen-associated regulatory non-coding rnas and oncogenesis.among all new cancer cases in 2012, on average, 15.4% were caused by helicobacter pylori or oncoviruses, including epstein-barr virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c viruses, kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human t-lymphotropic virus. these pathogens encode a variety of non-coding rnas, which are important cofactors for oncogenesis. in this review, we focus on recent developments in the study of long and small non-protein-coding rnas, including micrornas, of oncog ...201728410134
clinicopathologic features of early gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma and feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection.gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (gcls) is a rare disease known to have unique features and a favorable prognosis. this study aimed to determine the clinicopathologic features of early gcls (egcls) and define the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) for egcls.201728409376
recent advances in understanding epstein-barr virus.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a common human herpes virus known to infect the majority of the world population. infection with ebv is often asymptomatic but can manifest in a range of pathologies from infectious mononucleosis to severe cancers of epithelial and lymphocytic origin. indeed, in the past decade, ebv has been linked to nearly 10% of all gastric cancers. furthermore, recent advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing and the development of humanized mice, which effectively mo ...201728408983
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