Publications

pulmonary and myocardial manifestations due to toxocara canis infection.	we report a case of toxocara canis infection manifested by persistent eosinophilia, pulmonary nodules on ct scan, and myocardial manifestations in a 38-year-old man who was a dog trainer. toxocariasis is not common in adults and rarely affects the heart.	2005	16314245
[prevalence of intestinal helminths in dogs from quindío province].	intestinal helminths are pathogens for domestic animals and provide a source of potential infection for humans.	2005	16276682
use of systemic cyclosporin a in a case of severe toxocara uveitis.	the report describes the case of an adult patient presenting a severe, serologically proven, toxocara endophthalmitis, unresponsive to the common surgical and medical approach (vitrectomy, anti-parasitic treatment followed by high-dose corticosteroids). the association of oral cyclosporin a to a lower dose of prednisone was successful in achieving a long-term control of the ocular inflammation without systemic side effects.	2006	16213025
toxocara canis meningomyelitis.		2005	16200465
hepatic involvement in larva migrans of toxocara canis: report of a case with pathological and radiological findings.	patients with the clinical syndrome of visceral larva migrans as a result of toxocara species, have typical lesions in the liver consisting of granulomas that contain numerous eosinophils and often charcot-leyden crystals. this syndrome is rarely taken into account in patients with cholestatic syndrome, especially when hypereosinophilic reaction is absent. we report the case of a 47-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with abdominal pain, in whom multiple focal liver lesions were discov ...	2006	16169299
influence of murine toxocara canis infection on plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil numbers and its correlation with cytokine levels.	toxocara canis is a nematode of the ascaridae family that normally parasites the small intestine of canid species. humans are accidentally infected upon ingestion of embryonated eggs, and can manifest several clinical alterations such as fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, respiratory symptoms, muscle pain and anorexia. in the present work, we investigated the kinetics of tissue distribution of l2 larva in lungs, liver, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle and myocardium. also, we analyzed the blood an ...	2005	16168564
sero-epidemiology of toxocara canis infection among aboriginal schoolchildren in the mountainous areas of north-eastern taiwan.	a sero-epidemiological study of toxocara canis infection was conducted among atayal schoolchildren (aged 7-12 years) residing in the mountainous areas of north-eastern taiwan. the 73 children investigated were each checked for anti-toxocara igg, in elisa based on the larval excretory-secretory antigens of t. canis larvae. a short, self-administered questionnaire was then used to collect relevant information from each subject, including data on the keeping of dogs, playing in soil, eating raw veg ...	2005	16156973
toxocara-infestations in austria: a study on the risk of infection of farmers, slaughterhouse staff, hunters and veterinarians.	a total of 585 persons from several occupational groups (farmers, slaughterhouse staff, hunters, veterinarians) exposed to toxocara infestations and 50 persons of a control group were tested for the presence of specific antibodies to the toxocara canis antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a western blot. farmers showed the highest seroprevalence (44%), followed by veterinarians (27%), slaughterhouse staff (25%) and hunters (17%), whereas only 2% of the individuals of the contro ...	2005	16151740
toxocara canis infection induces antigen-specific il-10 and ifngamma production in pregnant dogs and their puppies.	toxocara canis (t. canis) is originally a parasite of canine bitches and their pups. the pathogenicity of t. canis infection is enhanced during pregnancy and puppyhood. the aim of this study was to investigate if modification of ifngamma and il-10 secretion occurs during infection in pregnant dogs and puppies. analysis of cytokines secreted could let us hypothesize a role for il-10 and/or ifngamma in t. canis infection. we tested t. canis-specific production of ifngamma and il-10 by lymphocytes ...	2005	16144718
environmental contamination by toxocara sp. eggs in ribeirão preto, são paulo state, brazil.	toxocariasis is a zoonosis mainly caused by toxocara canis, an intestinal nematode of dogs. man acquires the infection through accidental ingestion of viable eggs, and the toxocariasis clinical manifestations may vary from an asymptomatic infection up to the visceral larva migrans syndrome. seventy eight public squares of ribeirão preto, são paulo, brazil, including bonfim paulista district were visited aiming to evaluate the soil contamination by toxocara eggs. the squares were divided in five ...	2005	16138206
[toxocariasis--a current clinical and diagnostic problem].	toxocariasis is zoonotic disease caused by worms toxocara canis and toxocara cati. human is its paratenic host. there are some clinical forms: visceral larva migrans, cerebral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans and covert toxocariasis. at the present time diagnostics of toxocariasis is very difficult due to polymorphism of clinical symptoms and low specificity of laboratory tests.	2005	16119168
epidemiological aspects of visceral larva migrans in children living at são remo community, são paulo (sp), brazil.	in preparation for a study of risk factors for visceral larva migrans of children living in são remo community, são paulo (sp), brazil, fecal samples were collected from 41 dogs younger than one year of age, 338 serum samples from children ages 1-15 years and 37 soil samples, during march-june 2001. fecal and soil samples were examined for the presence of toxocara spp. eggs and serum samples were evaluated by elisa for antibodies to toxocara canis. of the fecal, serum and soil samples tested, 39 ...	2005	16054301
a recombinant enolase from anisakis simplex is differentially recognized in natural human and mouse experimental infections.	a 1,963-bp cdna was isolated from an anisakis simplex cdna library by immunoscreening with a hyperimmune rabbit serum raised against a crude extract of a. simplex l3 larvae. the open reading frame encodes a putative protein of 436 amino acid residues, which exhibits high similarity (70-80%) to enolase molecules from various other organisms, including helminth parasites. after subcloning and expression of the a. simplex cdna in pgex-4t-3, the resulting glutathione s-transferase fusion protein, pu ...	2006	16049725
[toxocariasis in children from a subtropical region].	toxocariasis is present worldwide but people living in areas with sanitary deficiencies are considered at the highest risk of infection, particularly children. the aim of this work was to know clinical and immunological aspects of infantile toxocariasis in a subtropical region in argentina. for this purpose, 182 children of both sexes, 0-16 years old and with eosinophilia higher than 10%, living in resistencia city (northeast argentina) were studied. clinical examination, personal and epidemiolo ...	2005	16042133
experimental ascaris-induced airway hypersensitivity in sheep: no serological evidence of association with toxocara canis infection.		1990	16031584
eosinophilic meningomyelitis in toxocariasis: case report and review of the literature.	toxocariasis is a worldwide-occurring parasitic infection leading to tissue damage in various organs due to wandering toxocara larvae (visceral larva migrans). more than 40 cases of cns involvement in children and immunocompetent adults have been documented in detail to date. here, we present evidence of eosinophilic meningomyelitis in an adult without known risk factors and with positive toxocara antibody response in csf, but not in blood. toxocariasis has to remain among the differential diagn ...	2004	16023542
toxocara canis in experimentally infected silver and arctic foxes.	in two experiments, thirty-six farm foxes of two species were inoculated with various doses of infective toxocara canis eggs or tissue larvae isolated from mice. in experiment i, six adult arctic foxes (alopex lagopus; 11-month old) were each inoculated with 20,000 eggs and sacrificed 100, 220, or 300 days post infection (dpi), while ten silver fox cubs (vulpes vulpes; 6-9-week old) were infected with varying doses of eggs (30-3000) and necropsied 120 dpi. in experiment ii, two groups of five cu ...	2005	15986242
ultrasonically nebulized distilled water prevents exogenous histamine hyperreactivity in toxocara canis-infected mice.	this study examines the effect of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water inhalation on the systemic histamine hyperreactivity of toxocara canis-infected mice.	2005	15973507
persistent airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in toxocara canis-infected balb/c mice.	infection with toxocara canis, the roundworm of dogs, has been associated with asthmatic manifestations. clinical symptoms such as wheezing, coughing and episodic airflow obstruction have been described for patients infected with this helminth.	2005	15969676
prevalence of toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina and dirofilaria immitis in dogs in chuncheon, korea (2004).	the intestines and hearts of dogs were examined for toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, and dirofilaria immitis, after necropsy between june 26 and september 29, 2004 in chuncheon, korea. of the 662 dogs examined, 6 were infected with t. canis (0.9%), 86 with t. leonina (13.0%). fifty dogs were infected with d. immitis among 500 dogs examined (10.0%). five were co-infected with t. canis and t. leonina, and three were co-infected with t. leonina and d. immitis. the cumulative positive infection r ...	2005	15951642
giardia intestinalis and other zoonotic parasites: prevalence in adult dogs from the southern part of mexico city.	the protozoan giardia intestinalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite. it produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. there is growing evidence that dogs could be reservoirs and play an important role in transmission. in mexico, there are few data on the frequency of g. intestinalis. therefore, we studied the small intestine of stray dogs, euthanazed at the "culhuacan" control canine centre, towards the end of 1997 and during the summer of 1998. we microscopically analysed intestinal conte ...	2005	15927399
[toxocara canis encephalitis: case report].		2005	15927312
comparison of common fecal flotation techniques for the recovery of parasite eggs and oocysts.	a variety of procedures are available to detect parasite eggs or oocysts in feces. this study compared the efficacy of simple flotation, a commercial assay, and various centrifugation techniques and three common flotation solutions. results indicate that centrifugation consistently recovered more eggs than other methods. proper technique is critical, including ensuring that the specific gravity of the flotation solution is correct and allowing the sample to stand for a sufficient amount of time ...	2005	15906267
toxocara canis: search for a potential drug amongst beta-carboline alkaloids--in vitro and mouse studies.	the goal of this study was to search for new treatments for toxocara canis using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. we specifically looked for a treatment for t. canis larva migrans, and examined beta-carboline alkaloids (17 compounds) with various structural modifications, both in in vitro and in vivo experiments. in the in vitro experiments, screening for nematocidal activity on the t. canis second stage larvae, cytotoxic activity, and immune activity in the host were undertaken. compound ...	2005	15888295
toxocara canis: impact of preweaning nutritional deprivation on the pathogenesis of pneumonia in the mouse.	the present study was conducted to better understand the immure response to toxocara canis pneumonia in mice with preweaning nutritional deprivation. breast-fed swiss mice, undernourished due to large litter size (up to 15 pups) and paired controls with only 5-8 pups were used. at 21 days old, both groups were infected with t. canis larvae. liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and inflammatory infiltrate in lungs were compared in both groups. significantly lower levels of retinol and retinyl palmit ...	2005	15885687
fuchs heterochromic cyclitis and ocular toxocariasis.	to report the association of fuchs heterochromic cyclitis (fhc) and ocular toxocariasis in a young adult.	2005	15860302
[clinical-epidemiological study of toxocariasis in a pediatric population].	the variety of toxocariasis clinic manifestations and its relationship with asthma motivated this study. the aim was to study t.canis seropositivity at a public pediatric service and its association with laboratory, epidemiological and clinical factors.	2005	15858673
cecropin p1 and novel nematode cecropins: a bacteria-inducible antimicrobial peptide family in the nematode ascaris suum.	cecropin p1 was first identified as a mammalian antimicrobial peptide isolated from the pig intestine. much research aimed at characterizing this peptide has been reported. recently, the workers who discovered the peptide corrected their original conclusion, and confirmed that this peptide originates in fact from the pig intestinal parasitic nematode, ascaris suum. in the present study, we carried out a semi-exhaustive search for bacteria-inducible transcripts in a. suum by the cdna subtraction ...	2005	15850460
following the migration of a toxocara larva in the retina by optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography.	the toxocara larva is known to migrate across the retina, but the layer in which it migrates and its effect on the retina has been unknown.	2005	15838735
the effect of free and polyethylene glycol-liposome-entrapped albendazole on larval mobility and number in toxocara canis infected mice.	as part of our exploratory drug research on the larva migrans that causes roundworm in dogs and cats, this study was carried out to clarify the effect of free and liposome-entrapped (le) albendazole in toxocara canis infected mice. in infected mice, evaluation of mobility and number of larva were examined in detail in the brain, skeletal muscle and liver. larva mobility was evaluated by using the relative mobility (rm) value. albendazole was le as one of the drug delivery systems (ddss). polyeth ...	2005	15817207
a survey of environmental contamination with ascarid ova, wallingford, connecticut.	few studies have been conducted in the united states to quantify the potential risk associated with encountering zoonotic ascarid ova in the environment. in an effort to raise awareness and to better understand the risk of acquiring visceral larva migrans in south central connecticut, this environmental survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of ascarid ova (toxocara canis, toxocara cati, baylisascaris columnaris, and baylisascaris procyonis) in public areas of wallingford, connecticut, ...	2005	15815147
in vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide and evaluation of the brain tissue damage induced by toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice.	nitric oxide (no) is known to be produced by macrophages, endothelial cells and neurons and synthesized by an enzyme called nitric oxide synthase (nos). various effector mechanisms and infections can affect the no production. excessive amount of no will lead to biochemical reactions, which cause toxic effects. in this study the role of no has been evaluated in larval toxocarosis, which is a systemic parasite infection caused by t. canis larvae. infection was established in the balb/c mice with o ...	2004	15803752
tribendimidine: a promising, safe and broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent from china.	we review, for the first time, a 20-year chinese story of research and development pertaining to tribendimidine, a promising anthelmintic agent that is safe and exhibits a broad spectrum of activity. tribendimidine was first synthesized at the national institute of parasitic diseases in shanghai in the mid 1980s. in laboratory studies, tribendimidine showed high efficacy against nippostrongylus braziliensis in rats, necator americanus in hamsters, ancylostoma caninum and toxocara canis in dogs, ...	2005	15777691
prevalence of toxocariasis in northeastern brazil based on serology using recombinant toxocara canis antigen.	to evaluate the prevalence of toxocariasis in children in jaboatão dos guararapes, pernambuco in northeastern brazil, 215 serum samples were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a recombinant toxocara canis antigen. in the elisa, 26 (12.1%) of 215 subjects were positive. in a dot-blot assay using 53 of 215 serum samples, the diagnostic results correlated with those obtained by the elisa. moreover, it has been confirmed that the recombinant t. canis antigen was highly sp ...	2005	15728875
[occurrence of protozoa and helminthes in faecal samples of stray dogs from itapema city, santa catarina].	samples of feces from dogs seized by the health surveillance program of itapema city, sc, were studied. from 158 samples examined 121 (76.6%) were positive, with a prevalence of ancylostoma spp (70.9%), followed by toxocara canis (14.5%), trichuris vulpis (13.9%), isospora spp (6.3%) and dipylidium caninum (1.9%).	2005	15717103
molecular cloning and partial characterization of a nematode-specific 24 kda protein from ascaris suum.	the cloning and molecular characterization of a cdna encoding ascaris suum 24 kda antigen (as24) are described. the cdna sequence consists of 853 bp with an open reading frame coding for a protein of 147 amino acids with an inferred signal peptide of 19 amino acids. the predicted molecular mass and pi were 16 kda and 8.35 respectively. the endogenous protein in adult a. suum was 24 kda with the expected pi. a search of the public databases revealed over 50% homology with proteins from filarial p ...	2005	15700764
[nosology and epidemiology of human toxocarosis--the recent situation in austria].	toxocara canis and t. cati are not only ubiquitously distributed parasites of dogs, foxes and cats, but may also infest humans, causing a great variety of symptoms and sometimes also severe diseases: the visceral larva migrans syndrome, the ocular larva migrans syndrome, covert toxocarosis, common toxocarosis, neurological toxocarosis, and some other clinical pictures (asthma bronchiale, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis) are considered to be induced by toxocara species. both toxocara species are a ...	2004	15683037
association of autoantibodies against small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snrnps) with symptomatic toxocara canis infestation.	several studies have demonstrated the occurrence of autoantibodies in the course of infestations with helminth parasites and a number of target proteins have been identified. sera from patients suffering from toxocarosis, a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm toxocara canis, and from healthy individuals were tested for autoantibodies by immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays using hep-2 cells as antigen. a considerable proportion of the sera from patients with toxocarosis-associated symp ...	2004	15679629
in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of protein somatic products from helminths on donor blood lymphocytes.	protein somatic products of adult helminths hymenolepis nana and toxocara canis and secretory-excretory somatic product of trichinella spiralis larvae in vitro produced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on donor blood lymphocytes, which manifested in accumulation of single-chain breaks, alkaline-labile sites in nuclear dna, and apoptotic cells. this effect depended on the concentration of parasitic protein products during coculturing.	2004	15662464
[diagnosis and treatment of cns parasite infection with special reference to parasitic myelitis].	the occurrence of visceral larva migrans due to ascaris suum (a. suum) and toxocara canis (t. canis) has occasionally been reported in japan, although parenchymatous involvement of the cns is extremely rare in a. suum/t. canis visceral larvae migrans. recently we experienced 7 cases with myelitis caused by visceral larva migrans due to a. suum/t. canis (parasite myelitis). the characteristics of this myelitis are: (1) sensory disturbances (lhermitte's sign, paresthesia, and hypesthesia) are pred ...	2004	15651344
induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mice during toxocara canis larvae migration.	the relationships between inflammation in organs with toxocara canis larval migration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) were investigated following the infection of mice with 1,000 infective eggs. gelatinase activity was defined by gelatin zymography, optimum ph, inhibitor specificity and western blot analysis. mmp-9 activity was present in the lungs, liver, muscles, and brain during t. canis larval migration. this enzyme had a molecular weight of about 94 kda and showed maximum activity in ...	2005	15645290
ecological analysis and description of the intestinal helminths present in dogs in mexico city.	the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of parasitoses in stray dogs from mexico city, as well as to describe the structure of the intestinal helminth communities present in said hosts. one hundred and twenty dog intestines were collected and dissected to evaluate their parasitic load; finding parasites in 102 dogs (85%). the cestodes collected were: dipylidium caninum in 72 dogs (60%), taenia hydatigena in three (2.5%), taenia pisiformis in two (1.6%), echinococcus gr ...	2004	15631907
[toxocariasis: larva migrans visceralis].		2004	15627990
[prevalence of infection by toxocara in schoolchildren in the community of el moján, zulia state, venezuela].	the systemic toxocariasis or migrant larva is a helminto-zoonosis caused by the migration of nematode larvae through human tissues mainly, of the canine helminth toxocara canis, which can infect humans, especially children. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-t. canis antibodies in an infantile population. serum samples of 73 children of either sex with ages between 4 and 6 years were examined. the determination of anti-toxocara antibodies was carried out through an eli ...	2004	15602901
seroepidemiology of toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal schoolchildren living in contaminated districts in eastern taiwan.	we conducted a seroepidemiological study of toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal schoolchildren aged 7-12 years living in contaminated districts in eastern taiwan. to detect sera igg (> or =1:64) we used a t. canis larval excretory-secretory antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a short questionnaire elicited information on the practices of raising dogs, playing with soil, eating raw vegetables, or whether the child normally washed his/her hands before eating. the overal ...	2004	15598263
comparison of igg-elisa and igg4-elisa for toxocara serodiagnosis.	diagnosis of human toxocariasis, caused by toxocara canis or toxocara cati, normally relies on a combination of the presence of clinical signs and symptoms backed by positive serology. the use of toxocara excretory-secretory antigen (tes) in elisa assays increases the test specificity. however, in tropical countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic, cross-reactivity from antibodies to these intestinal parasites poses a significant limitation for toxocara serodiagnosis. to increase th ...	2005	15589798
circulation of toxocara spp. in suburban and rural ecosystems in the slovak republic.	toxocara spp., the common roundworms of domestic and wild animals, are the causative agents of larval toxocarosis in humans. the migration of toxocara larvae in men causes clinical syndrome, called larva migrans visceralis or larva migrans ocularis. the objective of the present work was to investigate the prevalence of toxocarosis in dogs, red foxes (vulpes vulpes), and small mammals in the slovak republic. t. canis infection was diagnosed in 16.6% out of 145 dogs examined. young animals showed ...	2004	15567594
larval recovery of toxocara canis in organs and tissues of experimentally infected rattus norvegicus.	the aim of this note was to record for the first time the recovery of toxocara canis larvae from tissues and organs of rattus norvegicus (berkenhout, 1769), wistar strain, until the 60th day after experimental infection. rats were orally infected with embryonated t. canis eggs, killed on days 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 30, and 60 after inoculation and larvae were recovered from liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, and carcass after acid digestion, showing a pattern of migration similar of that previously observe ...	2004	15558175
[toxocariasis: under-estimated disease. report of 9 cases].	toxocariasis or visceral larva migrans is a parasitosis due to the migration in the human organism of animal ascarid larvae. its importance is under-estimated and the reported tunisian cases are rare. we report nine cases of toxocariasis, noted between january of 2000 to march of 2002, in the laboratory of parasitology-mycology in la rabta hospital. they were six children and three adults. the clinical forms are varied: ophthalmologic form (5 cases), general syndrome (1 case), oedema (1 case) an ...	2004	15552028
enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitrotyrosine accumulation in experimental granulomatous hepatitis caused by toxocara canis in mice.	the involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and nitrotyrosine (nt) in pathogenesis of toxocaral granulomatous hepatitis (tgh) in a murine host was quantitatively determined by biochemical, parasitological, pathological, and immunohistochemical assessments in a 42-week investigation. mice were sacrificed for serum collection and histological processing as well as acid-pepsin digestion of the liver in a larval recovery study. significantly increased levels of total serum no were foun ...	2004	15541031
enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in inflammatory cells and secretory granules in paneth cells in the small intestine of mice infected with toxocara canis.	the small intestine is the initial organ which toxocara canis larvae invade. information on intestinal pathological changes associated with transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-beta1) and secretory granules (sg) in paneth cells (pcs) caused by t. canis is unclear. mice orally inoculated with 250 t. canis infective eggs were evaluated by pathological and immunohistochemical assessments with a 294-day investigation. pathologically, the inflammatory reactions with or without trapped larvae in the ...	2004	15490236
toxocara canis in experimentally infected pigs: migratory pattern and tissue lesions.	fifteen yorkshire female pigs were inoculated with 100,000 infective t. canis eggs. three animals were used as uninfected controls. groups of three infected pigs were euthanized by accepted methods on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 126 p.i., respectively. larvae were recovered from all animals included in each group slaughtered on days 7 and 14 p.i.; on day 21 p.i. from two pigs, on day 28 p.i. from one, and no larvae were found on day 126 p.i. differences in the mean number of larvae per gram in lymph ...	2004	15482888
cross-reactions with ascaris suum antigens of sera from mice infected with a. suum, toxocara canis, and angiostrongylus cantonensis.	ascaris suum larval excretory-secretory (ases) antigen and larval (asla) as well as adult somatic antigen (asaa) which were thought to be possibly helpful in the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans (vlm) due to a. suum infection were investigated in the present study. serum taken from mice orally inoculated with approximately 250 embryonated eggs of a. suum or toxocara canis, or 40 third-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using ...	2004	15468534
the epidemiology of toxocara canis.	bred as hunter, companion and pet, the dog has a long and honourable association with man. yet the domestic dog can host a wide range of parasites - many of which can also infect humans. one of these, the ascarid nematode toxocara canis (fig. 1), is of particular interest because of retinal damage that may result from larvae becoming trapped in the eye. at the hospital for tropical diseases in london, about 20-30 patients with toxocariasis are treated annually. widespread fouling of public parks ...	1988	15463080
clinical quiz. toxocara canis infection with hepatic and lung involvement.		2004	15448438
[negligible risk of visceral or ocular larva migrans from petting a dog].	in a recent publication it was suggested that human toxocarosis, including ocular larva migrans, may result from petting dogs infected with toxocara canis, the dog roundworm. recalculating the eggs per gram in the dog's coat revealed that in 7 of the 15 positive dogs only one toxocara egg per dog was found. only 4% of all eggs were embryonated and hence infectious. it is, however, very plausible that this is contamination originating from the environment. the authors found also many other parasi ...	2004	15382563
[diagnostics of larval toxocariasis].	the paper, conceived as a retrospective study, resumes the results of our own investigations of the presence of serum igg antibodies against toxocara canis (as a crossover also against t. cati) in the sera of patients suspected of presenting larval toxocariasis in the region of eastern bohemia of the czech republic in the years 1997-2002. our aim was to determine the immunity rate of igg, its relationship to age and sex, further the whole range of diagnoses, the frequency of demands for such an ...	2004	15328575
seroepidemiology of toxocara canis infection among mountain aboriginal adults in taiwan.	seroepidemiology of toxocara canis infection among adults of one ethnic han and five aboriginal populations residing in mountainous areas of taiwan was conducted by detecting serum igg (>/=1:64) using a t. canis larval excretory-secretory antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a short questionnaire interview was conducted to obtain data concerning their age, sex, occupation, consumption of raw pig liver, and possession of dogs. the overall seroprevalence (46.0%, 247 of 537) in the five ...	2004	15306714
[results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from horses, ruminants, pigs, dogs, cats, hedgehogs and rabbits between 1998 and 2002].	the results of coproscopical examinations in horses, ruminants, pigs, dogs, cats, hedgehogs and rabbits between 1998 and 2002 are presented. in 4399 samples from horses 37.4% stages of strongylids, 1.4% anoplocephalids, 1.3% strongyloides westeri, 0.9% parascaris equorum, 0.04% oxyuris equi, 0.04% eimeria sp. and 0.04% fasciola hepatica were found. in 998 samples of cattle 22.1% stages of strongylids, 11.2% of eimeria spp., 3.5% of cryptosporidium, 2.9% of moniezia spp., 1.3% of trichuris spp., ...	2004	15287577
[liver resection for a rare parasitic infection--visceral larva migrans syndrome].	the authors describe a case of an 38-year-old woman suffering from a parasitical infection which is rare in hungary. it was diagnosed in connection with a surgical liver segment resection. visceral larval migrans is an infection caused by migration of the roundworm toxocara larvae to organs and tissues. the authors describe the pathophysiology of the disease, clinical symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.	2004	15285152
characterization of biological activities of feline eosinophil granule proteins.	to characterize eosinophil granule-derived proteins in cats.	2004	15281655
[ocular parasitosis--particular aspects].	the goal of this study cases are presented in this study. the first case was emphasized in a patient with an epibulbar tumor and the second case was diagnosed with toxocara canis. in both cases the ophthalmoscopic images and the clinical evolution were unusual on the other hand etiological diagnosis in both cases was difficult. in the first case, the surgical procedure was effective, but in the second case the specific antiparasitic treatment could not stop the evolution of corioretinal's lesion ...	2004	15279423
the frequency of toxocara infection in mental retarded children.	human toxocariasis is commonly seen in places where stray and toxocara canis-infected dog population is high. there is a strong correlation between frequency of toxocara infection, life style, and infection risk. institutionalization of mental retarded patients increases to risk of toxocariasis. in this study, we aimed at investigating the frequency of toxocara infection among children with mental retardation not requiring institutionalization. the study included 96 cases, who had educatable men ...	2004	15250462
cross-reactivity between antigens of anisakis simplex s.l. and other ascarid nematodes.	a study of the cross-reactivity among somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of the third stage larvae of anisakis simplex s.l. and somatic antigens of other ascarid nematodes (ascaris lumbricoides, a. suum, toxocara canis, anisakis physeteris, hysterothylacium aduncum and h. fabri) was carried out by immunoblotting. it was revealed a high degree of cross-reactivity among ascarids in the 30 and > 212 kda range by using sera against somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of a. simplex s.l. it ...	2004	15224584
['petting dogs can cause blindness': a critical analysis].		2004	15185619
cerebral toxocariasis: a possible cause of epileptic seizure in children.	toxocariasis is a worldwide human helminthiasis, which is mostly asymptomatic and caused by toxocara canis, a roundworm in dogs. these can cause visceral larva migrans syndrome in humans who ingest contaminated soil. cns manifestation with a focal mass lesion is very rare, seizures often being the first symptom.	2004	15138789
the infectivity and antigenicity of toxocara canis eggs can be retained after long-term preservation.	suspensions of fertilized eggs of toxocara canis were mixed with 2% neutral formalin and preserved at 4 degrees c. when, after storage for 0, 12, 18, 21 and 24 months, samples of the eggs were incubated at 30 degrees c for 12 days, 96.8%, 92.6%, 74.1%, 51.0% and 19.3% of the eggs in the samples were found to embryonate. the embryonated eggs produced from the fertilized eggs preserved (in 2% neutral formalin at 4 degrees c) for 0, 12, 18 and 21 months were then tested for their infectivity to bal ...	2004	15119970
recombinant expression of toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigen tes-120 in escherichia coli.	the gene encoding the excretory-secretory antigen tes-120 of dog ascarid worm toxocara canis was cloned into the bacterium escherichia coli. the specificity of the recombinant tes-120 antigen produced by the bacterium was investigated. a total of 45 human serum samples from patients infected with differenthelminthes and protozoa, including 8 cases of toxocariasis, were tested against the recombinant antigens in immunoblot assays. the results from the assays revealed that the recombinant tes-120 ...	2003	15115078
zoonotic risk of toxocara canis infection through consumption of pig or poultry viscera.	the potential zoonotic risk of toxocara canis infections from consumption of swine or poultry viscera containing larvae was assessed using a pig model. two groups of six pigs were fed either fresh swine viscera (group fs) or poultry viscera (fp) containing around 3500 toxocara larvae. another two groups of six pigs were fed swine viscera (ps) or poultry viscera (pp) preserved at 4 degrees c for 1 week. all pigs were necropsied 14 days after the exposure. liver white spots were counted and t. can ...	2004	15110409
prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs under veterinary care in maracaibo, venezuela.	the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs presented to the veterinary policlinic of the university of zulia (pvu) was measured between january and december 2001. a total of 614 fecal samples were evaluated by the fecal flotation method. one or more species of parasites was identified in 218 (35.5%) dogs. the parasites most frequently detected were: ancylostoma spp. (24.5%), toxocara canis (11.4%) and isospora spp. (8.1%). single parasitic infections were present in 149 (24.3%) dogs. the age ...	2004	15110399
prevalence of toxocara canis infection in household dogs.	the prevalence of toxocara canis infection in household dogs was estimated by examining feces from 1,743 dogs aged between 1 month and 15 years old. fecal samples from 75 (4.3%) of the 1,743 dogs were positive for the eggs of t. canis. the dogs with positive fecal samples ranged from 1 month to 5 years old in age. the infection rate in dogs aged 1 to 6 months old was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that in dogs aged 7 months to 2 years old or over 3 years old. indoor dogs aged 1 to 6 months ...	2004	15103902
[effects of cyclosporin a or betamethasone on experimental murine toxocariasis].	the effects of administration of either cyclosporin a or betamethasone 15 days before or 45 days after experimental infection with toxocara canis on mice had been studied. the dynamics of igg antibody production, employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was studied 60 and 90 days after mice infection by toxocara canis. in the 90th day after infection all surviving mice were sacrificed and the tissue trapped larvae recovered by acid digestion in the muscles, lungs, liver and brain. a signi ...	2004	15042177
[infections with endoparasites in dogs in dutch animal shelters].	faecal samples from 224 dogs from 23 animal shelters in the netherlands were examined for endoparasites. in total 20.5% of the faecal sample were positive for helminth and/or protozoa infections. eggs of toxocara canis were found in 8.5% of the faecal samples. other endoparasites found were toxascaris leonina (0.5%), trichuris vulpis (4.9%), uncinaria stenocephala (2.2%), dipylidium caninum (1.3%), taenia spp. (0.5%), cystoïsospora canis (1.3%), and c. ohioensis (1.3%). dogs younger than 1 year ...	2004	14976680
nematodes and water pollution in eastern part of nile delta.	examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes infecting man and animals. eggs in a descending order of abundance were trichostrongylus, toxocara canis, t. vitolorum, and ascaris sp., then trichocephalus and ancylostoma sp. larvae in a descending order were strongyloides, trichostrongylus and ancylostoma sp. no doubt contaminated or polluted water plays an important role as nematode-borne source.	2003	14964672
human toxocariasis: incidence among residents in the outskirts of campinas, state of são paulo, brazil.	with the aim of estimating the incidence of infection by toxocara among residents in the outskirts of campinas (state of são paulo, brazil) two serological surveys, using elisa anti-toxocara tests, were performed in january 1999 and january 2000, involving, respectively, 138 and 115 individuals, 75 of which examined in both occasions. among this group 67 individuals did not show the presence of anti-toxocara antibodies in 1999, and 12 presented seroconversion in the second survey, revealing an a ...	2003	14743671
helminth parasites of cats from the vientiane province, laos, as indicators of the occurrence of causative agents of human parasitoses.	a total of 55 domestic cats (felis catus f. domestica) and one wild (bengal) cat (prionaluirus bengalensis) from the vientiane province, central laos, were examined for helminth parasites with emphasis given to potential human parasites. the following species were found (parasites infective to man marked with an asterisk): opisthorchis viverrini, haplorchis pumilio, h. taichui, h. yokogawai, stellantchasmus falcatus (digenea); spirometra sp., dipylidium caninum, taenia taeniaeformis (cestoda); c ...	2003	14710631
clinical features of ocular toxocariasis in japan.	to characterize the clinical features of ocular toxocariasis and to describe the unique aspects of the disease in japan.	2003	14704898
population dynamics of toxocara canis in pigs receiving a single or multiple infection.	the population dynamics of toxocara canis in pigs, and their immune response to a primary and a challenge infection, were studied by parasitological, haematological and serological parameters. seventy pigs were divided into 4 groups; 35 pigs received a primary infection (group a), 15 pigs received both a primary and a challenge infection (group b), 15 pigs received the challenge infection only (group c), and 5 pigs served as helminth-free controls (group nc). a dose of 50,000 eggs was administer ...	2003	14700196
tissue parasites in patients with chronic urticaria.	chronic urticaria is an important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. we aimed to investigate the sero-prevalence of tissue parasites causing toxocariasis and fasciolosis in patients with chronic urticaria. all cases were analyzed for antibodies against toxocara canis and fasciola hepatica by modified (homemade) elisa. the excretory/secretory products of toxocara and fasciola were used as antigens (es-elisa) in the test. in this study, the highest toxocariasis seropositivity (29.0%) rate and the ...	2003	14684933
recombinant expression of the larval excretory-secretory antigen tes-120 of toxocara canis in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.	a gene encoding the larval excretory-secretory antigen tes-120 of the dog ascarid worm toxocara canis was cloned into the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. specificity of the recombinant tes-120 antigen produced by the yeast was investigated. forty-five human serum samples from patients infected with different()parasitic organisms, including 8 cases of toxocariasis, were tested against the recombinant antigen in immunoblot assays. results from the assays showed that the recombinant tes-120 a ...	2004	14655048
prevalence of zoonotic important parasites in the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in great britain.	a national necropsy survey of red foxes was carried out across great britain to record echinococcus, trichinella and toxoplasma. the survey did not record directly, or indirectly using coproantigen/pcr tests, evidence for the presence of echinococcus multilocularis in 588 animals, although e. granulosus was suspected in six animals. parasitological evidence for trichinella spp. could not be found in 587 fox muscle digests, and a specific pcr test also failed to detect toxoplasma in a sub-set of ...	2003	14651882
orbital cellulitis associated with toxocara canis in a dog.	reports of toxocara canis ocular larva migrans are uncommon in animals, with only a few cases reported. most reports involve larval migration into the retina and choroid, with parasitic invasion of the orbit reported only in experimental studies. this is the first clinical case of toxocara canis infection in the retrobulbar region of a 10-year-old, cross-bred male dog presenting with unilateral orbital cellulitis. ophthalmic signs included protrusion of the nictitating membrane, chemosis, exopht ...	2003	14641832
cross-reactivity between anisakis simplex sensitization and visceral larva migrans by toxocara canis.	the aim of this work was to study cross-reactivity in the diagnosis of two related ascaridosis. nineteen patients diagnosed with recidivous acute urticaria (rau) caused by anisakis simplex and 26 patients diagnosed with visceral larva migrans (vlm) caused by toxocara canis were studied employing commercial diagnostic kits and "in house" assay kits. cross-reactivity observed was greater when using "in house" assay kits, suggesting that t. canis excretory-secretory antigens were not only recognize ...	2003	14636986
helminth antigens (taenia solium, taenia crassiceps, toxocara canis, schistosoma mansoni and echinococcus granulosus) and cross-reactivities in human infections and immunized animals.	helminth antigens were investigated in the search for accessible heterologous antigens capable to discriminate different helminthiases, by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the immunoblot assay (ib). antigens used were: taenia solium cysticercus total saline (tso); taenia crassiceps cysticercus vesicular fluid (tcra-vf); t. crassiceps cysticercus glycoproteins (tcra-gp and tcra-(18-14)-gp); toxocara canis larva excretory-secretory (tes); schistosoma mansoni adult total saline (sm ...	2003	14636985
eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to toxocara canis: case report and review of the literature.	toxocariasis is usually manifested as visceral larva migrans. nervous system involvement is a rare complication. in this report, we describe one case of meningoencephalitis due to toxocara canis and review the literature. we report a previously healthy two-year-old boy who was admitted after 24 hours of severe neurologic symptoms with marked eosinophilic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid and a single subcortical lesion detected by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. both serum and spinal f ...	2003	14628955
cross-reactivity induced by anisakis simplex and toxocara canis in mice.	the aim of this study was to verify whether cross-reactivity appeared between toxocara canis and anisakis simplex in an experimental rodent model. no cross-reactions were detected using sera from mice infected with t. canis eggs. when responses obtained against t. canis es antigen using sera from balb/c and c57bl/10 mice infected with t. canis eggs were compared with those obtained by testing sera from mice infected with one a. simplex l3, an increase in cross-reactions was observed using the c5 ...	2003	14627450
evidence for the involvement of the optic nerve as a migration route for larvae in ocular toxocariasis of mongolian gerbils.	although toxocara canis, an important pathogen of ocular disease, tends to migrate to the eye, the precise migratory route has yet to be determined experimentally. mongolian gerbils, meriones unguiculatus, known as a useful animal model for human toxocariasis, were used to investigate the migration route toward the eyes. infective larvae of t. canis were directly inoculated into the intracranial region. haemorrhagic lesions or larvae were observed in 56.3% of cases. histopathologically, a larva ...	2003	14627447
is anisakis simplex responsible for chronic urticaria?	the association of chronic urticaria (cu) to parasitic infestations has been poorly studied. recently, sensitization to the parasite larva anisakis simplex has been described as the cause of acute urticaria and anaphylaxis. the aim of this work was to study the relationship between sensitization to a. simplex and cu. one hundred one patients with cu were studied. data of possible contacts with a. simplex were collected and the usual cu study was performed. furthermore, total and specific immunog ...	2003	14619334
identification of tissue-embedded ascarid larvae by ribosomal dna sequencing.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied to identify tissue-embedded ascarid nematode larvae. two sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of ribosomal dna (rdna), its1 and its2, of the ascarid parasites were amplified and compared with those of ascarid-nematodes registered in a dna database (genbank). the its sequences of the pcr products obtained from the ascarid parasite specimen in our laboratory were compatible with those of registered adult ascaris and toxocara parasit ...	2004	14598166
haemonchus contortus: molecular characterisation of a small heat shock protein.	a cdna encoding a predicted small heat shock protein, hsp20, was isolated from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. this cdna encoded a predicted protein of 156 amino acids, which had high sequence identity with other nematode small heat shock proteins. southern blot analysis of genomic dna suggested that in h. contortus hsp20 is encoded by a single copy gene. the hsp20 transcript and protein were expressed in the infective larvae (l3), early l4 and adult stages, but expression was not i ...	2003	14552856
ecological analyses of the intestinal helminth communities of the wolf, canis lupus, in spain.	this work describes the ecological characteristics of the intestinal helminth communities of 50 wolves (canis lupus l.) from spain. the species found were classified into three groups according to prevalence, intensity and intestinal distribution. taenia hydatigena pallas, 1766 and uncinaria stenocephala (railliet, 1884) are the core species of the community. taenia multiceps (leske, 1780) is a secondary species. the rest of the species, alaria alata (goeze, 1782), taenia serialis (gervais, 1847 ...	2003	14535350
mucin-type o-glycosylation in helminth parasites from major taxonomic groups: evidence for widespread distribution of the tn antigen (galnac-ser/thr) and identification of udp-galnac:polypeptide n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity.	this article focuses on the initiation pathway of mucin-type o-glycosylation in helminth parasites. the presence of the galnac-o-ser/thr structure, also known as tn antigen, a truncated determinant related to aberrant glycosylation in mammal cells, and the activity of the udp-galnac:polypeptide n-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (ppgantase), the enzyme responsible for its synthesis, were studied in species from major taxonomic groups. tn reactivity was determined in extracts from taenia hydatige ...	2003	14533679
lafoensia pacari extract inhibits il-5 production in toxocariasis.	toxocariasis is an infection induced by toxocara canis, an intestinal parasite of dogs. in this study, an experimental murine model of toxocariasis was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of an ethanolic extract of lafoensia pacari stem bark. mice infected with t. canis were treated with l. pacari extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.). subsequently, we observed a reduction in the number of eosinophils in the peritoneal cavity, bronchoalveolar fluid, blood and bone marrow. production of interleuk ...	2003	14521582
influence of maternal infection on offspring immune response in murine larval toxocariasis.	the impact of toxocara canis infection on the proportion of cd4+ and cd8+ t splenocytes, the serum concentrations of cytokine ifn-gamma and il-5, and the production of toxocara-specific antibodies were studied in two c57bl6/j mouse groups and their offspring. the mice were infected with 1000 t. canis eggs on the day of mating (early infection) and on day 14 of pregnancy (late infection). early infection resulted in a significant increase of cd4+ t-cell subtype, however, a decline in cd8+ in comp ...	2003	14521578
[diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis using fluid from the anterior ocular chamber].	the authors discuss methods of improvement of the etiologic diagnosis of the toxoplasma and toxocara associated posterior uveititis, by examining specific antibodies in the aqueous humor. paired samples of aqueous humor and serum were analyzed in 23 patients. chorioretinitis of infectious etiology was suspected in 15 patients, 3 patients were treated for panuveitis, 4 patients for intermediate uveitis, and in 1 patient the sample was obtained to rule out malignant melanoma. the local ocular anti ...	2003	14518358
[importance of pars plana vitrectomy in the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis].	a retrospective study evaluates the importance of pars plana vitrectomy (ppv) in four patients with ocular form of toxocarosis. the results of laboratory determination of the titres of antibodies against toxocara canis (the elisa method) in samples of vitreous body were compared with those in the serum of the patient. the individual cases exemplify the problems in interpretation of laboratory findings and document the authors' experience in considering the diagnosis of ocular toxocarosis in indi ...	2003	14518357
human toxocara canis encephalitis with lead encephalopathy.		1962	14475700
effect of diethylcarbamazine, oxophenarsine hydrochloride and piperazine citrate on toxocara canis larvae in mice.		1960	14432951
the resistance of tortoises, testudo graeca l., against toxocara canis infection.		1965	14272967
antibody to toxocara canis in humans.		1965	14270133