Publications

effect of trypanocides on jugular concentration of trypanosoma congolense in the west african dwarf sheep.	the effects of various trypanocides on parasitaemia was investigated in sheep experimentally-infected with trypanosoma congolense strain 58/98. intravenous injection of berenil at the height of the first parasitaemic wave increased jugular parasite concentration by 12 and 16 times at the 9th and 20th minute post-treatment, respectively. with pentamidine, maximum counts were 5.0-8.6 times zero-time concentration during the same periods. peak effects of samorin, novidium and ethidium were observed ...	1983	6686383
increase in jugular circulation of trypanosoma congolense in infected calves caused by effective trypanocides.		1983	6681919
infection, immunity and the development of local skin reactions in rabbits infected with cyclically-transmitted stocks of trypanosoma congolense.	the development of local skin reactions following bites by tsetse flies (glossina morsitans) infected with trypanosoma congolense was observed in normal rabbits, in rabbits with concurrent infections with t. congolense and in rabbits challenged after immunization by infection and treatment. local reactions developed in normal rabbits within seven days of fly bite and were resolved by approximately 19 days after infection. in rabbits with concurrent infections no typical local reactions developed ...	1983	6660964
enzyme polymorphism and the distribution of trypanosoma congolense isolates.	conditions were established for demonstrating, by electrophoresis, polymorphism in 12 soluble enzymes from trypanosoma congolense. three enzymes had identical mobilities in every stock, variation occurring among the remaining nine. enzyme profiles were determined in 78 stocks collected from various hosts in a number of african countries, and were used by the computer to establish relationships within the collection. the major groupings formed solely from the isoenzymes corresponded remarkably cl ...	1983	6660953
immune mechanisms in c57b1 mice genetically resistant to trypanosoma congolense infection. ii. aspects of the humoral response.	some aspects of the humoral response in trypanotolerant c57b1 mice and susceptible a/j mice were investigated to determine the possible basis of trypanotolerance. when the hepatic uptake of 75se-labelled t. congolense by infected mice was measured as an index of antibody production, it was found that only c57b1 mice could remove circulating labelled parasites, this ability persisting for several weeks after infection. estimation of the immunoglobulin concentrations in both strains of mice showed ...	1983	6657296
interference with anti-trypanosome immune responses in rabbits infected with cyclically-transmitted trypanosoma congolense.	rabbits were infected with two clones of antigenically distinct stocks of trypanosoma congolense transmitted through glossina morsitans. local skin reaction development and the appearance of neutralizing antibodies were followed in animals infected with one or other of the trypanosome stocks, with both stocks simultaneously or with both stocks consecutively. there was little difference in local skin reaction development on rabbits infected with a single stock or with both stocks simultaneously b ...	1983	6657293
natural agglutinins to african trypanosomes.	agglutinins to uncoated culture forms of the african trypanosomes, t. congolense and t.b. brucei were detected in sera from a variety of mammals not exposed to the parasites. the agglutinins in bovine serum were shown to be specific antibodies with opsonic properties selective for the species of trypanosome. these findings suggest a possible role for the glycoprotein coat in preventing access of cross-reacting antibodies to the plasma membrane of african trypanosomes.	1983	6657292
studies in rabbits on the disposition and trypanocidal activity of the anti-trypanosomal drug, diminazene aceturate (berenil).	after intramuscular injection of 3.5 mg kg-1 to rabbits, diminazene aceturate shows biphasic pharmacokinetics with maximum blood and interstitial fluid concentrations occurring after 15 min and 3 h respectively. seven days after treatment, 40-50% of the dose had been excreted in the urine and 8-20% in faeces. highest diminazene residues were determined in liver: 7 days after dosage, residues of 40.53 +/- 4.00 micrograms g-1 were present, corresponding to 35-50% of the dose. the recommended dose ...	1983	6652366
observation on drug resistance of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense and trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax in cattle at a feedlot in the northern ivory coast.	studies carried out on feedlot cattle show berenil at 7 mg/kg to be the treatment of choice in trypanosomiasis although repeated doses may be necessary. resistant strains of trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax and trypanosomas (nannomonas) congolense survived dosages of between 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg of trypamidium and were cross resistant to homidium bromide.	1983	6636303
alternative pathway activation of complement by african trypanosomes lacking a glycoprotein coat.	an in vitro culture trypanosoma congolense cell line was established using the mammalian cell feeder layer system. one of the principle characteristics of this parasite was its ability to multiply in culture at 35 degrees c, as an uncoated trypanosome (lacking a glycoprotein surface coat) unlike the original blood stream form from which it was derived. this trypanosome was lysed when incubated in normal human serum in contrast to the parasite which possessed a surface coat. the lytic reaction as ...	1983	6634218
specific antibody responses to the variable surface glycoproteins of trypanosoma congolense in infected cattle.	sera from cattle infected with three trypanosoma congolense clones (ilnat 2.1, ilnat 3.1 and ilrad 588) derived from different stocks were analysed for the presence of specific antibodies against the surface glycoproteins (vsgs) of the infecting trypanosomes using the solid and liquid-phase radioimmunoassays and the neutralization of infectivity test. high levels of igm, igg1 and igg2 antibodies against the vsgs of the infecting variable antigen types (vats) as well as other vats that arose duri ...	1983	6622055
[demonstration of resistance to trypanocides among the species of trypanosoma congolense recently isolated in burkina].		1984	6544959
[probable number of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense transmitted by glossina morsitans].		1984	6544954
detection of circulating trypanosomal antigens by enzyme immunoassay.	antisera raised against trypanosoma evansi and t. congolense were used in a double antibody sandwich enzyme immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect trypanosomal antigens in sera from experimentally infected rabbits and goats. assays quantitated using reference antigen preparations and the homologous antisera showed that antigens could be detected at protein concentrations of 1.5 microgram ml-1. the antisera also cross-reacted with soluble antigens prepared from t. brucei and t. vivax at similar pr ...	1984	6532328
a special case of trypanosoma congolense infection produced in laboratory mice.		1984	6527201
[parasitological, clinical and serological findings in dahomey cattle experimentally infected with trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei].		1984	6525154
studies on the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs upon trypanosomiasis in goats and sheep.	the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) flurbiprofen caused a rise in parasitaemia in goats infected with trypanosoma vivax, trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei. all trypanosome-infected goats treated with flurbiprofen showed many dividing trypanosomes. this also included the short-stumpy forms of t. brucei. in t. vivax-infected goats flurbiprofen treatment resulted in 100% mortality in the acute and chronic stages of the infection. the increase in parasitaemia of t. brucei in ...	1984	6512919
continuous cultivation of animal-infective bloodstream forms of an east african trypanosoma congolense stock.		1984	6486939
in vitro studies on the biosynthesis of the surface glycoprotein of trypanosoma congolense.	tritiated leucine, glucosamine, mannose, and galactose were incorporated into the variant specific surface glycoprotein (vsg) of trypanosoma congolense in vitro. the uptake of the precursors is shown by sds-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and fluorography, by assay of the radioactivity in immunoprecipitates obtained with specific antisera, and by the isolation of the labeled antigens by affinity chromatography on concanavalin a-sepharose and isoelectric focusing. the in vitro labeled vsg exhibits ...	1984	6470988
immunodepression in trypanosome-infected mice. vi. comparison of immune responses of different lymphoid organs.	mitogen stimulation of cells from various lymphoid organs of c3h/he mice chronically infected with an isolate of trypanosoma congolense was studied at different time intervals after infection, using concanavalin a (con a) and lipopolysaccharide (lps). at the same time, changes in the percentages of t, b and null lymphocytes in these organs were determined by immunofluorescence staining. the responses of t and b lymphocytes in the spleen were totally depressed, and the cellular composition was dr ...	1981	6452282
comparison of the levels of autofluorescence caused by fixatives in fluorescence assay on trypanosomes.		1984	6441838
trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: analysis by fluorescein-conjugated plant lectins of surface saccharides of cloned variant antigen types differing in infectivity for mice.	surface saccharides of 4 cloned vats (variant antigen types) of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense, amnats (amherst nannomonas antigen types) 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, and 3.1, derived from 3 different stocks, were compared by fluorescein-conjugated, plant lectins using a quantitative fluorescence method. it was ascertained by the id63 assay that the 4 amnats differed in their infectivity for mice. the lectins employed for amnats 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1 were concanavalin a (con a), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), ...	1984	6439842
a calcium dependent endoribonuclease from trypanosoma congolense cytoplasm.	a major endoribonuclease whose activity depends on the presence of calcium ions was isolated from the cytoplasm of trypanosoma congolense. like the ca2+-dependent endoribonuclease of t. brucei cytoplasm, this enzyme degraded poly(a) preferentially but also degraded to a lesser extent poly(u), trna and rrna to give 5'-phosphoribosyl oligonucleotides. neither enzyme hydrolyzes poly(g) or dna. both ribonucleases are inhibited by polyanions and heavy metal ions, and are heat-labile; n-ethylmaleimide ...	1984	6431285
comparative aspects of purine metabolism in some african trypanosomes.	some enzymes of purine salvage were detected in the cell-free preparations from bloodstream forms of african trypanosomes: trypanosoma vivax; t. brucei and t. congolense. extracts of trypanosomes cleave adenosine and inosine hydrolytically except in t. congolense where adenosine cleavage was mediated by a phosphorylase. all the trypanosomes apparently lacked adenosine deaminase. adenine aminohydrolase was found only in t. vivax while adenosine monophosphate deaminase was detected in t. brucei an ...	1983	6419098
immune depression in bovine trypanosomiasis: effects of acute and chronic trypanosoma congolense and chronic trypanosoma vivax infections on antibody response to brucella abortus vaccine.	cattle were vaccinated with brucella abortus (s19) vaccine during acute (25 days) and chronic (25 weeks) trypanosoma congolense and chronic trypanosoma vivax (25 weeks) infections in order to determine the effect of such infections on the antibody response to the vaccine. it was found that the specific antibody responses of igg1 and igg2 sub-classes were profoundly depressed (80%) in both the acute and chronic infections with t. congolense. whereas igm antibody response was also profoundly depre ...	1983	6408588
antibody levels during bovine hemoparasitic diseases: trypanosomiasis, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis.		1983	6399967
experimental trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense infection in microtus montanus.	seventy-two voles (microtus montanus) were infected with a strain of trypanosoma congolense of low virulence in mice to study their susceptibility and value as a tool for testing chemotherapeutic agents. the infection in microtus was highly virulent. parasitaemia was low to moderate. significant spleen and body weight changes were observed. blood capillaries of the heart, brain, kidneys and lungs were markedly dilated and numerous parasites were present in the dilatations, particularly in the he ...	1984	6383235
comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in nigeria.	the incidence of blood parasites in trade cattle was surveyed with emphasis on tick-borne parasites, using blood smears and immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques. with the blood smear method, about 9 and 8.9% of cattle examined were found positive for babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, respectively. percentage infections with other parasites were 3.33, 1.92, 0.75, 0.75 and 0.58, respectively, for babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, anaplasma centrale, eperythrozoon and theileria spec ...	1984	6369761
improved field diagnostic technique for trypanosomiasis by use of a minicentrifuge.		1983	6356572
rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes: influence of infection with trypanosoma.	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) changes were studied in livers of rats inoculated with trypanosoma lewisi, trypanosoma rhodesiense, trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei. marked increases in g6pd were directly related to the degree of parasitemia. no essential differences in g6pd levels were seen in animals inoculated with physiological saline when compared with uninoculated controls. elevation of g6pd was observed only from day 10 to 20 in rats inoculated with t. lewisi. after ...	1983	6349921
immunosuppression in bovine trypanosomiasis: response of cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination and subsequent live virus challenge.	the primary and secondary antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine were examined in cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense and the response of some of these animals to live foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge was assessed. infected groups of cattle had rather lower antibody responses than uninfected control cattle after primary vaccination but the antibody titres were not significantly depressed until after secondary vaccination. these levels remained depressed for the ...	1982	6285433
antiparasitic structure-activity relationships of congocidine derivatives.	several congocidine analogs were synthesized and tested for in vivo activity against trypanosoma congolense and in vitro activity against amastigotes of leishmania tropica. the tripyrrole derivative, beta-([n-methyl-4-[n-methyl-4-(guanidinoacetamido)pyrrole-2-carboxamido]pyrrole -2-carboxamido]pyrrole-2-carboxamido)butyroamidine dihydrochloride, was less toxic and more active than congocidine. the guanidinoacetyl moiety appears to be a structural requirement for antiparasitic activity in the con ...	1981	6267245
studies on glycerol kinase and its role in atp synthesis in trypanosoma brucei.	glycerol kinase of trypanosoma brucei has been shown to be capable of catalysing sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dependent adp phosphorylation for atp generation. the rate of this reaction (vr) is sufficient to account for the observed rate of glycerol production from anaerobic glucose metabolism by intact cells and to account for net atp synthesis. glycerol kinase has been purified by preparing a post-nuclear, particulate fraction and solubilizing the enzyme with 0.5% (w/v) triton x-100. this treatment ...	1980	6258071
common and isolate-restricted antigens of anaplasma marginale detected with monoclonal antibodies.	anaplasma marginale-infected erythrocytes were examined for the presence of maturation, isolate-restricted, and isolate-common antigens by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. a panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies was used; none of the antibodies reacted with anaplasma ovis, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma congolense, or uninfected bovine erythrocytes. antigens common to all six a. marginale isolates were detected by nine antibodies. single isola ...	1984	6205996
capacity of a cis-diammineplatinum[ii]-polyglutamic acid complex to cure trypanosoma congolense infections in mice.	a cis-diammineplatinum(ii)-polyglutamic acid complex proved to have marked trypanocidal activity in vivo. when 5 mg of platinum per kg was administered daily for 5 days or when 20 mg of platinum per kg was administered on days 1, 3, and 6, five of five treated trypanosoma congolense-infected mice were cured. in contrast, cis-platin was ineffective at all doses tested. we believe that the complex has a much higher therapeutic ratio than does uncomplexed drug because it is less toxic.	1984	6201136
all metacyclic variable antigen types of trypanosoma congolense identified using monoclonal antibodies.	vaccination against the tsetse-borne trypanosomiases has proved impossible because of the trypanosome's ability to generate a seemingly inexhaustible number of variable antigen types in the blood or tissues of the host. each variable antigen is a glycoprotein which forms a surface coat on the trypanosome and each glycoprotein is the product of a single gene. the full repertoire of such antigens has not been identified for any trypanosome serodeme (genotype) as yet, but the number of genes coding ...	1983	6196642
reverse transcription of trypanosome variable antigen mrnas initiated by a specific oligonucleotide primer.	african trypanosomes change their antigenicity by successively expressing different members of a group of related but highly diverse proteins, the variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs). we describe a synthetic oligonucleotide that can prime specifically reverse transcription of vsg mrna out of total trypanosome poly(a)+ rna. the specificity of this priming was verified by cdna sequence analysis of the transcription products and by the demonstration of variant-specific hybridization of the individ ...	1983	6188156
trypanosoma congolense: surface glycoproteins of two early bloodstream variants. i. production of a relapsing infection in rodents.		1981	6168484
antigenic variation and the surface glycoproteins of trypanosoma congolense.	two trypanosoma congolense variant-specific glycoproteins, which are expressed sequentially during a relapsing infection, have been purified. the proteins, termed vsg-1 and vsg-2, both have a molecular weight of 53,000 as determined by sds polyacrylamide electrophoresis. when either antigen is electrophoresed through a ph gradient on an isoelectric focusing (ief) gel, it gives a characteristic spectrotype of three bands. the ief components of each vsg are antigenically similar to each other but ...	1981	6163660
isometamidium-dextran complex: toxicity and activity against trypanosoma vivax and trypanosoma congolense in rats and mice.		1980	6156522
studies on trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense iv. experimental immunization of mice against tsetse fly challenge.	groups of mice were exposed to multiple bites by tsetse flies (glossina morsitans morsitans) infected with a clone of trypanosoma congolense spread over a periof of 8 days. the mice were subsequently treated with berenil 10 days after the first fly bite as were uninfected control mice. the group of mice which received 12--15 infectious fly bites on two occasions, 21 days apart, were subsequently resistant to infection when re-challenged by flies infected with the same clone of t. congolense. the ...	1980	6155654
in vitro cultivation of trypanosoma congolense: the production of infective metacyclic trypanosomes in cultures initiated from cloned stocks.	glossina morsitans were infected with two cloned stocks of t. congolense. the proboscides, foreguts and midguts of infected flies were then used as sources of trypanosomes in vitro at 28 degrees c in the presence of bovine dermal collagen explants. cultures were established in which trypanosomes differentiated into adhering colonies of epimastigote forms which could then be maintained and subcultured in eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with foetal calf serum for over 40 weeks. withi ...	1984	6152116
maintenance of glossina morsitans morsitans on antiserum to procyclic trypanosomes reduces infection rates with homologous and heterologous trypanosoma congolense stocks.	three experimental groups of male glossina morsitans morsitans were infected at their first feed with procyclic forms of different stocks of trypanosoma congolense and subsequently maintained on a diet containing rabbit antiserum to one of these stocks. control flies were similarly infected but were then maintained on normal rabbit serum. dissection of the flies 19-21 days post infection showed a reduction in both immature and mature infection rates in all groups fed on antiserum by comparison w ...	1984	6150620
the appearance of isometamidium resistant trypanosoma congolense in west africa.	the frequent reappearance of patent parasitemia, mainly trypanosoma congolense, in cattle maintained under isometamidium prophylaxis in the upper volta indicated that drug-resistant forms might be appearing. to investigate this possibility, trypanosome stocks were isolated in mice, their isometamidium sensitivity estimated and compared to that of stocks isolated before drug use was widespread. most t. congolense stocks isolated in 1982-1983 were 4-8 times less sensitive to isometamidium than tho ...	1984	6150619
cerebral trypanosomiasis in cattle with mixed trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei brucei infections.	six boran steers were infected simultaneously with trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei brucei while another group of 3 was inoculated with t. b. brucei one year after infection with t. congolense. three further steers were infected with t. b. brucei alone. whereas, the six animals which received simultaneous infections developed clinical signs of cerebral trypanosomiasis as evidenced by depression, ataxia and occasional circling, those infected with t. b. brucei alone did not. at necropsy, 4 ou ...	1984	6150618
trypanosoma vivax, t. congolense or t. brucei infection rates in glossina morsitans when maintained in vitro on the blood of goat or calf.	tenerals of glossina morsitans morsitans and g. m. centralis were infected with trypanosoma vivax, t. congolense or t. brucei by feeding mainly on infected goats and then maintained either in vivo on uninfected calves, goats or rabbits, or fed in vitro upon heparinised or defibrinated blood of goats or calves for 21 days for t. vivax and t. congolense and 30 days for t. brucei and then dissected. the observed differences in the infection rates for all three trypanosome species maintained on diff ...	1984	6143482
a quantification of the risk of trypanosomiasis infection to cattle on the south kenya coast.	the number of trypanosome-infected bites received by cattle grazed around an 8 ha area of forest harbouring a semi-isolated population of glossina pallidipes austen was estimated. the absolute size of the tsetse population was determined by mark-release-recapture techniques, the tsetse host range by the identification of blood-meals, and trypanosome infection rates by dissection of samples of tsetse. feeding frequency was estimated and the number of cattle present was known. it was estimated tha ...	1983	6142631
a simple classification of different types of trypanosomiasis occurring in four camel herds in selected areas of kenya.	camels from herds in four different areas of kenya were sampled at regular intervals over periods of 9-15 months and examined for the presence of trypanosomiasis. five hundred and eight camels divided into three age categories were studied. trypanosomiasis caused by t. evansi, t. brucei and t. congolense was shown to be present in varying degrees in all the herds. camels were divided into 5 types according to mortality, the presence or absence of circulating trypanosomes and antibody, and the pr ...	1983	6141655
trypanosoma congolense: susceptibility of cattle to cyclical challenge.	cattle primed by cyclical infection with glossina morsitans morsitans infected with cloned derivatives of trypanosoma congolense and treated with the trypanocidal drug berenil after 3 or 4 weeks were immune to cyclical challenge with homologous clones 3 to 5 weeks later. in these animals, localized skin reactions (chancres) and parasitemia did not develop. the same results were obtained in cattle given a homologous superinfection without prior treatment. on the other hand, cattle subjected to a ...	1983	6133773
a comparative evaluation of the parasitological techniques currently available for the diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis in cattle.	the parasitological techniques currently in use for the diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis were compared in a series of experiments for their capacity to detect trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax and t. brucei in the blood of cattle. the darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method proved to be more sensitive than the haematocrit centrifugation technique, thick, thin and wet blood films in detecting t. congolense and t. vivax. on the other hand with t. brucei, mouse inoculation was the most sensi ...	1982	6131590
the initial stage of infection with cyclically-transmitted trypanosoma congolense in rabbits, calves and sheep.		1980	6115869
distribution and attachment of trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense in the proximal part of the proboscis of glossina morsitans morsitans.	the distribution and attachment of trypanosoma congolense were investigated in the proximal part of the proboscis of glossina m. morsitans. in the food canal, epimastigotes and trypomastigotes formed tufts or compact layers. trypanosomes were attached to the cuticle by their flagella, which formed zonar hemidesmosomes. the flagella were mostly attached parallel to the axis of the labrum and often pointed to its tip. foot-like processes of the flagella came into contact with adjacent flagella lea ...	1980	6106351
the occurrence of a berenil-resistant trypanosoma congolense strain in northern nigeria.		1967	6067631
local skin reactions in cattle at the site of infection with trypanosoma congolense by glossina morsitans and g. tachinoides.		1969	5824283
multiplication of trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma congolense in vertebrate hosts.		1969	5821269
the activity of drugs on trypanosoma congolense in vitro at 37 degrees c.		1969	5821254
trypanosoma dimorphon, laveran and mesnil, 1904, synonymous with trypanosoma congolense, broden, 1904. a fundamental aspect in measuring techniques on the mean length of trypanosomes.		1969	5767535
transmission of trypanosoma congolense by chemosterilized male glossina morsitans.		1968	5751952
berenil resistance in naturally occurring trypanosoma congolense.		1968	5750918
trypanosoma congolense: infectivity for white mice.		1968	5726861
comparison between glossina morsitans, g. pallidipes and g. fuscipes as vectors of trypanosomes of the trypanosoma congolense group: the proportions infected experimentally and the numbers of infective organisms extruded during feeding.		1968	5703700
[research on the biology of trypanosoma congolense broden 1904. ii. isolation and culture of wild strains on a solid monophasic culture medium containing whole zebu blood].		1967	5628908
pathological and biochemical changes in rats infected concurrently with nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trypanosoma congolense.		1970	5535152
immunological aspects of bovine trypanosomiasis. ii. antigenic variation in a strain of trypanosoma congolense transmitted by glossina morsitans.		1970	5495631
[experimental infection of zebu cattle of east africa with feral strains of trypanosoma congolense].		1970	5449377
biological observation in quantitative tests of nippostrongylus brasiliensis acting as vector of trypanosoma brucei or trypanosoma congolense.		1970	5444855
influence of different vertebrate hosts on the ability of trypanosoma congolense to grow in culture.		1970	5417929
quantitative investigation of nippostrongylus brasiliensis acting as vector of trypanosoma congolense or trypanosoma brucei in rat.		1969	5393056
the haematology and histopathology of trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle. 3. discussion and conclusions.		1971	5164675
the haematology and histopathology of trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle. i. introduction and histopathology.		1971	5164674
immunologic-mediated protection of trypanosoma congolense-infected mice by polyribonucleotides.		1971	5133126
the cyclical transmission of strains of trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax resistant to normal therapeutic doses of trypanocidal drugs.		1971	5130093
[immunologic studies on trypanosomiasis. i. demonstration of a basic antigenic type in a strain of trypanosoma congolense broden, 1904. variations after cyclic transmission].		1972	5054621
antigenic types of a strain of trypanosoma congolense after cyclical transmission.		1972	5048851
susceptibility of glossina austeni and g. morsitans to infection with trypanosoma congolense.		1972	5048802
the haematology and histopathology of trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle. ii. haematology (including symptoms).		1971	4945970
[experimental infection of zebu cattle with trypanosoma congolense].		1969	4901499
the fine structure of trypanosoma congolense in its bloodstream phase.		1969	4896668
suppression of cell-mediated immunity in experimental african trypanosomiasis.	adult new zealand white rabbits were experimentally infected with a parasitic african hemoflagellate, trypanosoma congolense, and were subsequently tested for in vivo and in vitro aspects of cell-mediated immune function. chronically infected rabbits were sensitized to mycobacterial protein and skin-tested with purified protein derivative; all infected animals demonstrated much milder skin-test responses to antigen than control groups. similarly, peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in vitro to ...	1974	4854532
trypanosoma congolense. i. clinical observations of experimentally infected cattle.		1974	4846489
trypanosoma congolense. ii. histopathologic findings in experimentally infected cattle.		1974	4843565
[immunologic studies on trypanosomiases. iv. various observations on trypanosoma congolense].		1973	4807988
phagocytosis of erythrocytes and leucocytes in sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense (broden 1904).		1973	4803581
[immunological studies on trypanosomiasis. 2. current observations on the fundamental antigenic type of a strain of trypanosoma congolense].		1973	4801988
letter: release of biologically active material from dying trypanosoma congolense in rats.		1973	4788771
experimental transmission of trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma congolense in rats and guinea pigs through skin and intact mucous membranes.		1973	4787712
effects of pregnancy on trypanosoma congolense infection in rats: serum biochemistry and cellular disorders.		1973	4787703
the infectivity of trypanosoma congolense of rats.		1973	4784085
distribution of trypanosoma congolense in tissues of cattle.		1973	4784084
iron metabolism in trypanosoma congolense infection in zebu cattle: serum iron and serum iron-binding capacity.		1973	4778487
serological studies on trypanosomiasis in east africa. 3. comparison of antigenic types of trypanosoma congolense organisms isolated from wild flies.		1973	4761940
trypanosoma congolense: immunization of mice, dogs, and cattle with gamma-irradiated parasites.		1972	4648294
tests for antibody- and cell-mediated hypersensitivity to trypanosome antigens in rabbits infected with trypanosoma congolense.	rabbits infected with trypanosoma congolense were tested for immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to parasite antigens. positive skin-test reactions were exclusively of the arthus type, as shown by sequential histological analyses which revealed that more than 90% of the infiltrating cells at 24 hr postinjection were polymorphonuclear neutrophils. skin reactions could be elicited in normal rabbits by intradermal injection of trypanosome antigen-antibody complexes. the absence of ...	1972	4634458
autoimmunity in experimental trypanosoma congolense infections of rabbits.	autoimmunity in rabbits with experimental trypanosoma congolense infections was investigated. complement-fixing (cf) and precipitating autoantibodies to normal allogeneic and autologous tissues were found in the sera of all infected rabbits tested; the titers of cf autoantibody occurring during infection were significantly higher than normally occurring titers of autoantibody in pre-infection serum samples. autoantibody did not cross-react with trypanosome antigens, and wassermann antibody was n ...	1972	4629248
trypanosoma congolense: latex-fixation test for diagnosis of rabbit infections.		1972	4622042
trypanosoma congolense. 3. serological responses of experimentally infected cattle.		1974	4602118
immunological aspects of bovine trypanosomiasis. i. immune response of cattle to infection with trypanosoma congolense and the antigenic variation of the infecting organisms.		1972	4559021
trypanosoma congolense: fine structure study by the carbon replica and freeze-etch technique.		1972	4558417
an observation on the unexpected frequency of some multiple infections.	studies of trypanosome infections in over 3 500 young and adult cattle in the lambwe valley of kenya showed the presence of trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax, and t. brucei in single or multiple infections. some of the multiple infections were much more frequent than would have been expected on the basis of chance, but only if t. brucei was one of the infective agents. some studies of malaria infections in man show a similar phenomenon.	1972	4544825
trypanosomiasis in domestic livestock in the lambwe valley area and a field evaluation of various diagnostic techniques.	a preliminary survey of 2 073 domestic animals in the lambwe valley, kenya, showed a 7.4% rate of infection with trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax. in comprehensive surveys covering 6 384 domestic stock, pathogenic trypanosomes were found in 17.0% of cattle, 5.0% of sheep, and 2.1% of goats. adults were more often infected than young animals, and males more often than females. t. congolense was the trypanosome most frequently diagnosed, followed by t. vivax and the t. brucei subgroup. t. theil ...	1972	4544823